LIST  OF 


SUBJECT    HEADINGS 


FOR  USE  IN 


DICTIONARY   CATALOGS 


Prepared  by  a  Committee 

OF  THE 

American  Library  association 


THIRD  EDITION 

REVISED  BY 

MARY  JOSEPHINE   BRIGGS 


AMERICAN    LIBRARY    ASSOCIATION 

PUBLISHING  BOARD 

CHICAGO 

1911 


PREFACE 

THE  history  of  a  list  of  subject  headings  for  the  use  of  catalogers  dates 
back  to  the  Lakewood  conference  of  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion, in  1892,  when  a  committee  consisting  of  Mr,  Gardner  M.  Jones, 
Dr.  G.  E.  Wire  and  Mr.  C.  A.  Cutter  was  appointed  for  the  purpose  of 
collating  catalogs  and  compiling  from  this  information  a  list  of  subject 
headings  which  should  represent  the  most  approved  usages.  At  the  Chi- 
cago conference  of  the  following  year  the  committee  reported  progress, 
and  the  Publishing  Section  of  the  American  Library  Association  was  in- 
structed to  proceed  with  publication  as  soon  as  possible.  At  the  Lake 
Placid  conference,  in  1894,  the  committee  reported  completion  of  the 
work,  which  was  printed  the  next  year.  Three  years  later  a  second  and 
somewhat  revised  and  enlarged  edition  was  issued  and  stereotyped,  and  this 
edition  has  been  steadily  in  use  by  catalogers  for  the  past  thirteen  years. 

The  growth  and  development  of  libraries,  their  increased  use  by  the 
public  and  the  many  commercial,  scientific  and  economic  changes  which 
have  taken  place  of  late,  have  long  since  made  a  new  and  thorough  revision 
of  this  List  of  subject  headings  advisable.  A  steady  demand  for  the  second 
edition  showed  that  the  book  was  in  very  general  use  in  libraries  through- 
out the  country.  In  1906  the  Publishing  Board  appointed,  to  take  up  the 
matter  of  a  new  edition,  an  advisory  committee  consisting  of  Mr.  Gardner 
M.  Jones,  Miss  Harriet  B.  Prescott,  Mr.  A.  G.  S.  Josephson,  Miss  Margaret 
Mann,  Miss  Linda  M.  Clatworthy,  Mr.  J.  C.  M.  Hanson  and  Miss  Electra 
C.  Doren.  Later  Miss  Alice  B.  Kroeger  and  Miss  Nina  E.  Browne  were 
added  to  the  committee.     Miss  Doren  was  unable  to  serve. 

Miss  Esther  Crawford,  a  cataloger  and  library  worker  of  much  ex- 
perience, was  employed  as  editor  for  the  new  edition,  and  the  work  of  col- 
lecting data  and  collating  and  comparing  catalogs  and  catalogers'  forms 
was  begun  late  in  1906.  After  laboring  with  great  diligence  for  more  than 
two  years  and  securing  a  large  amount  of  material,  Miss  Crawford  resigned 
in  July,  1909,  and  the  Board  was  fortunate  in  securing  the  services,  in  May, 
1910,  of  Miss  Mary  J.  Briggs,  cataloger  of  the  Buffalo  public  library,  to 
carry  the  work  to  completion.  Besides  a  trained  knowledge  of  precisely 
what  this  bibliographical  tool  should  be,  Miss  Briggs  has  brought  to  bear 
a  most  conscientious  and  painstaking  care  that  only  those  can  fully  appre- 
ciate who  have  undertaken  a  simihir  task. 


This  tliird  edition,  as  it  now  appears,  is  the  result  of  co-operation  and 
united  effort  on  the  part  of  many  Hbrary  workers,  and  it  is  the  hope  and 
behef  of  the  Board  that  the  present  work  has  been  so  well  done  that  no 
revision  need  be  undertaken  for  a  number  of  years  to  come.  For  a  state- 
ment of  the  special  features  embodied,  and  explanation  of  certain  policies 
followed  reference  may  be  made  to  the  editor's  introduction. 

In  the  case  of  such  liberal,  hearty  and  wide-spread  assistance  as  the 
Board  and  its  editors  havx  here  received  it  is  difficult  to  mention  personally 
all  those  to  whom  credit  is  due.  Gratitude  is  sincerely  felt  toward  all  who 
responded  to  the  call  of  the  editor  in  sending  requested  information,  or 
who  devoted  no  small  time  and  effort  to  the  work  during  the  personal 
visits  of  the  editor  in  charge.  The  Board  feels,  however,  that  particular 
mention  must  be  made  of  the  courtesy  and  helpfulness  extended  by  the 
Library  of  Congress  during  an  extended  study  of  the  catalog  by  Miss  Craw- 
ford, by  the  Newark  free  public  library,  which  so  generously  provided  work- 
ing quarters  for  her  for  over  a  year,  and  by  the  Buffalo  public  library, 
which  has  similarly  furnished  accommodations  for  the  past  year  for  Miss 
Briggs.  It  trusts  that  all  who  have  so  generously  aided  in  this  enterprise 
may  feel  abundantly  paid  by  the  good  service  to  the  library  profession  which 
this  book  now  goes  forth  to  render. 


INTRODUCTION 

IT  has  been  found  necessary  to  omit  much  that  was  comprised  in  the 
original  plan  for  the  third  edition  of  the  List  of  subject  headings,  in 

order  that  the  size  of  the  book  might  be  kept  within  reasonable  limits. 
The  scope  has  been  broadened  by  the  inclusion  of  some  of  the  more  im- 
portant historical  events,  including  wars  but  not  battles,  the  chief  lan- 
guages, literatures  and  ethnic  races,  and  subheads  for  many  of  the  larger 
subjects. 

Technical  and  scientific  terms,  chemical  and  medicinal  substances, 
animals  and  plants,  virtues  and  vices,  diseases,  games,  foods  and  other 
specific  headings  are  included  somewhat  more  liberally  than  in  the  second 
edition,  the  aim  being  to  provide  a  checklist  in  these  subjects  for  the  smaller 
public  libraries. 

The  following  classes  of  headings  are  omitted: 

1.  Personal  names. 

2.  Geographical  names,  except  for  a  few  regional  headings  and 

countries  requiring  historical  subdivisions. 

3.  Names   of   months,    days,    processes    in    arithmetic,    parts    of 

speech. 

In  general,  and  particularly  in  the  matter  of  subdivisions,  the  needs  of 
the  moderately  large  public  library,  of  from  100,000  to  200,000  volumes, 
have  been  considered.  No  attempt  has  been  made  to  meet  the  needs  of 
college,  technical  or  special  libraries,  w^liich  must  of  necessity  make  finer 
distinctions  and  closer  subdivisions  than  would  be  useful  in  a  popular 
library. 

The  catalogs  most  consulted  in  the  revision  are  those  of  the  Library  of 
Congress,  the  John  Crerar  library,  Columbia  university  library,  Nebraska 
university  library.  Northwestern  university  library,  and  the  public  libraries 
of  Brooklyn,  Buffalo,  Chicago,  Cleveland,  Dayton  and  Pittsburgh.  Among 
indexes,  the  Readers'  guide  to  periodical  literature  and  Engineering  index 
may  be  specially  mentioned. 

The  headings  of  the  second  edition  have  been  retained,  except  for  such 
changes  as  have  seemed  desirable  in  order  to  conform  to  present  use  of 
terms.  The  more  radical  changes  ha\e  been  made  in  response  to  what 
seemed  to  be  a  very  general  demand,  expressed  by  a  decided  majority  of 


the  answers  to  questions  published  in  the  Hbrary  periodicals  and  in  personal 
interviews. 

Forthe  sake  of  uniformity,  in  choice  of  new  terms  the  Library  of  Congress 
headings  have  been  followed  so  far  as  they  have  seemed  adapted  to  the  use 
of  popular  libraries,  omitting  of  course  many  subdivisions  and  technical 
terms  which  would  be  useful  only  in  special  or  very  large  libraries. 

In  spelling,  the  simplified  forms  of  the  second  edition  have  been  re- 
tained, and  a  few  others  added,  but  it  has  not  been  thought  best  to  advance 
in  this  line  faster  than  generally  accepted  usage  will  warrant.  The  plural 
form  is  used  rather  than  the  singular,  except  where  subjects  are  generally 
thought  of  under  the  singular.  The  singular  form  is  used  for  fruits,  in 
order  that  the  same  heading  may  cover  both  fruit  and  tree.  The  arrange- 
ment of  compound  words  has  occasioned  so  much  perplexity  to  both 
makers  and  users  of  catalogs,  that  the  hyphen  has  been  eliminated  as  far 
as  possible,  following  the  latest  available  authority,  Webster's  new  inter- 
national dictionary. 

Little  has  been  attempted  in  the  way  of  definition  of  headings  beyond 
an  occasional  explanatory  word  or  phrase.  Space  could  not  well  be  spared 
for  many  definitions,  and  it  has  been  found  difficult  to  frame  them  so  as  not 
to  limit  the  subjects  too  closely.  Therefore,  except  in  a  few  cases  where 
the  meaning  is  very  ambiguous,  it  has  been  left  for  the  references  to  suggest 
the  scope  of  the  heading  when  not  entirely  self-explanatory. 

As  a  concession  to  the  very  general  tendency  to  look  under  the  form 
rather  than  under  the  language  for  English  dictionaries,  grammars,  etc., 
the  English  language  has  been  made  an  exception  to  the  regular  treatment 
of  languages,  and  several  forms,  e.g.  dictionaries,  grammar  and  spelling, 
entered  directly  under  the  form.  The  subheads  for  other  languages  are 
given  under  German  language,  and  the  same  can  be  used  for  English  in 
libraries  where  it  Is  preferred  that  all  material  regarding  that  language  be 
kept  together. 

All  form  names  in  American  and  English  literature  are  included  In  the 
list,  but  of  other  literatures  only  those  most  likely  to  occur  in  popular 
libraries  of  moderate  size.  Literature,  drama,  essays,  fiction  and  poetry 
are  entered  under  tlie  adjective;  other  forms  under  the  form  followed  by  the 
adjective  name  of  nationality,  except  periodicals  and  newspapers  where 
name  of  country  is  used:  e.g.  English  literature;  Humor,  English;  Periodi- 
cals —  England.  Reference  should  be  made  in  every  case  from  the  country 
to  the  language  and  literature  of  that  country.  These  references  are 
indicated  in  the  list  for  American  literature  and  English  language  and 
literature  only. 

The  subdivisions  formerly  printed  in  the  appendices,  except  those  for 


cities  which  follow  the  introduction,  are  now  included  in  the  main  alphabet. 
Country  subheads  are  given  under  United  States,  in  order  that  the  many 
references  may  be  indicated.  The  Library  of  Congress  Preliminary  list 
of  subject  subdivisions  under  countries  and  cities  has  been  used  as  a  basis, 
with  modifications  to  adapt  it  to  the  needs  of  popular  libraries. 

Many  subjects  formerly  subheaded  under  country  are  now  referred 
to  the  subject  with  country  subdivision.  It  is  better  as  a  rule  to  keep  all 
matter  relating  to  a  city  together,  making  double  entry  under  city  and 
subject  when  needed:  e.g.  Boston  —  Education;  Education  —  Massa- 
chusetts; or,  in  a  small  library,  Boston;  Education;  without  subdivision. 

The  number  of  subdivisions  to  be  used  will,  of  course,  vary  with  the 
size  and  character  of  the  library.  The  small  library  will  ignore  the  subheads 
for  the  most  part,  using  them  only  for  the  largest  countries,  and  for  subjects 
upon  which  it  may  chance  to  possess  considerable  material.  It  will  be 
easy  to  add  subheads  at  any  time,  should  material  increase  so  as  to  require 
them.  It  is  advised  that  a  list  of  subheads  used  be  placed  at  the  beginning 
of  each  divided  subject,  and  each  subhead  should  have  its  own  guide. 

Since  form  subheads  may  be  used  with  any  subject  having  sufficient 
literature,  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  indicate  headings  requiring  such 
subdivision.  At  the  end  of  the  introduction  will  be  found  a  list  of  forms 
applicable  to  any  such  subject.  Under  United  States  are  given  references 
to  most  subjects  which  will  require  country  subdivision  in  public  libraries, 
and  under  some  of  the  more  important  subjects,  examples  of  country  sub- 
division are  given,  e.g.  Education  —  U.  S. 

Experience  has  shown  that  the  average  reader  generally  disregards 
both  logic  and  punctuation  in  consulting  an  alphabetically  arranged  card 
catalog.  For  this  reason,  all  subdivisions,  whether  form,  geographical  or 
logical,  and  all  inversions  are  arranged  in  one  alphabet,  regardless  of  punc- 
tuation, except  only  the  period  subdivisions  of  history,  which  are  arranged 
chronologically.  Since  in  this  work  the  main  entry  word  is  not  repeated, 
the  punctuation  for  subjects  subdivided  is  not  indicated  in  the  main  alpha- 
bet. The  dash  is  advised  for  all  subdivisions,  and,  if  preferred,  may  be 
used  instead  of  the  comma  for  inversions,  e.g.  Bacteriology  —  Agricultural. 

To  avoid  confusion  in  checking,  the  refer  from  references  hax'c  been 
printed  in  parallel  columns  at  the  right  of  the  page.  The  references  have 
been  revised,  many  new  ones  added,  and  some,  believed  to  be  unnecessary, 
have  been  dropped.  See  references  among  the  refer  froms  are  indicated 
by  (s).  The  possibilities  of  useful  references  are  by  no  means  exhausted 
in  this  list.      P'urther  references  will  suggest  themselves  in  cataloging. 

The  best  material  on  a  specific  subject  is  often  found  in  a  work  upon  a 
larger  subject,  so  general  in  its  nature  that  it  is  not  ad\isable  to  anal}/.e  it. 


References  are  therefore  made  from  the  specific  to  the  general  in  cases 
where  most  general  works  can  be  expected  to  contain  material  on  the 
specific  subject.  Care  should  be  taken  not  to  make  a  reference  of  this 
kind  unless  justified  by  the  works  actually  in  the  library.  If  the  books  on 
arts  and  crafts  contain  nothing  on  mosaics,  a  reference  from  Mosaics  to 
Arts  and  crafts  would  be  useless  and  misleading.  The  same  principle 
applies  to  other  references,  which  should  not  be  made  in  any  case  unless  the 
book  cataloged  is  of  interest  in  connection  with  the  subject  from  which 
reference  is  made.  If  the  books  entered  under  Cemeteries  are  descriptive 
only,  no  reference  from  Eminent  domain  to  Cemeteries  is  required. 

It  will  of  course  be  understood  that  where  the  reference  is  simply  '  'j-ff  " 
no  subject  entries  are  to  be  made  under  the  heading  referred  from.  Only 
those  headings  printed  in  bold-faced  t}'pe  are  intended  to  be  used  for  sub- 
ject entries. 

In  many  cases  references  are  indicated  to  or  from  geographical  head- 
ings, or  subjects  with  geographical  subdivision,  which  do  not  appear  in  the 
main  alphabet.  These  are  only  suggestive  of  the  possibilities  for  this 
kind  of  reference.  References  should  be  made  from  periods  of  history, 
arts,  sciences  and  other  subjects  to  names  of  people  whose  lives  are  of 
interest  in  connection  with  the  subject. 

Long  lists  of  references  to  specific  subjects  may  be  avoided  in  some 
cases  by  general  references,  as  for  instance  under  Industrial  arts  and  under 
Manufactures  '^See  also  names  of  industries";  but  if  there  are  few  specific 
entries  it  is  better  to  enumerate  them,  that  the  reader  may  see  at  a  glance 
where  further  material  may  be  found.  Another  method  of  shortening  the 
lists  of  references  is  to  refer  from  the  most  general  to  the  next  less  inclusive 
heading,  and  from  the  latter  to  the  next  lower:  e.g.  Zoology  see  also  Verte- 
brates; Vertebrates  see  also  Mammals;  Mammals  see  also  Carnivora;  and  so 
on  to  the  specific  animal.  As  zoological  families  and  genera  are  not  included 
in  this  list,  references  have  been  made  from  orders  to  specific  animals. 

The  references  in  a  card  catalog  are  more  easily  read  if  arranged  in 
columns  rather  than  in  a  solid  paragraph,  with  two  or  three  columns  on  a 
card  according  to  the  length  of  the  headings. 

The  cataloger  is  advised  to  check  headings  and  references  as  used  and 
to  add  new  headings  required.  If  he  wishes  to  use  a  different  form  of  head- 
ing, it  will  be  necessary  to  make  the  change  wherever  the  heading  occurs  in 
the  list,  otherwise  discrepancies  will  creep  into  tlic  catalog. 

The  aim  has  been  to  choose  such  headings  as  shall  make  the  catalog 
a  useful  tool  in  enabling  the  reader  to  find  as  quickly  as  possible  the  book 
he  desires.  To  attain  this  end,  consistency  has  sometimes  been  sacrificed 
to  utility.  Mary  Josephine  Briggs. 


SUBHEADS  TO  BE  USED  UNDER  CITIES 


Amusements 

Annexations 

Antiquities 

Architecture 

Arsenals 

Art 

Asylums  see  Hospitals  and  asy- 
lums 

Atlases  see  Description —  Maps 

Banks 

Benevolent      institutions      see 
Charities;  Hospitals    and 
asylums 

Bibliography 

Biography 

Boundaries 

Bridges 

Business 

Business  associations 

Carnivals  see  Festivals,  etc. 

Cemeteries 

Census 

Centennial  celebrations,  etc. 

Charities 

Churches 

City  hall 

Claims 

Climate 

Clubs 

Commerce  see  Business 

Commercial  institutions  see 
Business  associations 

Conventions  and  public  meet- 
ings 

Courts 

Crime  and  criminals 

Customhouse 

Description 
Guidebooks 
Maps 
Views 

Directories 

Ecclesiastical  institutions  see 
Churches;  Religious  institu- 
tions and  affairs 

Education 


Elections 

Epidemics 

Exhibitions 

Fairs 

Ferries 

Festivals/ etc. 

Finance 

Financial  institutions  see 
Banks ;  Business  associations 

Fine  arts  see  Art 

Fires  and  fire  prevention 

Foreign  population 

Fortifications 

Galleries  and  museums 

Genealogy 

Geology 

Gilds 

Government  and  politics 

Guidebooks  see  Description  — • 
Guidebooks 

Harbor 

Historic  houses,  etc. 

History 

Hospitals  and  asylums 

Hotels,  taverns,  etc. 

Industries 

Intellectual  life 

Labor  and  laboring  classes 

Learned  institutions  and  socie- 
ties 

Libraries 

Lighting  _ 

Literary  institutions  see  Learn- 
ed institutions  and  societies 

Literature 

Manners      and      customs      see 

Social  life  and  customs- 
Manufactures  see  Industries 

Maps  see  Description  —  Alaps 

Markets 

Monuments 

Moral  conditions 

Morgues 

Museums  see  Galleries  and 
museums 

Music 


Musical  organizations 

Name 

Parks 

Paving  see  Streets 

Police 

Politics  see  Government  and 
politics 

Poor 

Population 

Post-office 

Prisons  and  reformatories 

Public  buildings 

Public  lands 

Public  meetings  see  Conven- 
tions and  public  meetings 

Public  schools  see  Education 

Public  works 

Railroads 

Reformatories  see  Prisons  and 
reformatories 

Registers 

Religious  history 

Religious  institutions  and 
affairs 

Riots 

Sanitary  affairs 

Schools  see  Education 

Scientific  institutions  j^-^"  Learn- 
ed institutions  and  societies 

Sewerage 

Social  conditions 

Social  life  and  customs 

Statistics 

Street  railroads 

Streets 

Suburbs 

Taxation 

Theaters 

Topography  see  Description 

Views  see  Description  —  \'ie\vs 

Vital  statistics  see  Statistics 

V^oters 

Voting  precincts 

Wards 

Water  supply 

Wharves 


Bibliography 
Biography 
Collected  works 
Collections 
Dictionaries 
Drama  [about] 


FORM   SUBHEADS 

Essays,  addresses,  etc. 

Fiction  [about] 

Handbooks 

History 

Outlines,  s\'llabi,  etc. 


Periodicals    and    society    pub- 
lications 
Poetry  [about] 
Statistics 
Study  and  teaching 


LIST    OF   SUBJECT    HEADINGS 

FOR    USE   IN 

DICTIONARY    CATALOGS 


Abandoned  farms  see  Farms,  Abandoned 
Abattoirs  see  Slaughtering  and  slaughterhouses 
Abbeys 

See  also   Cathedrals;   Convents   and   nun- 
neries; Monasteries;  also  names  of  abbeys, 
e.g.  Westminster  abbey 
Abbreviations 

See  also  Ciphers ;  Shorthand 

Abdomen 

See   also   Anatomy;   Intestines;    Kidneys; 
Liver;  Stomach;  Viscera 
Aberration 

See  also  Astronomy,  Spherical  and  prac- 
tical; Lenses;  Light;  Mirrors;  Optical 
instruments 

Mental,  see  Insanity 

Ability     • 

See  also  Efficiency,  Industrial;  Executive 
ability;  Genius;  Leadership;  Talent 
Abiogenesis  see  Spontaneous  generation 
Abnormal    children    see    Children,    Abnormal 

and  backward 
Abnormal  psychology  see  Mental  diseases 
Abolition  of  slavery  see  Abolitionists  ;  Slav'ery ; 

Slavery  in  the  U.  S. 
Abolitionists 

See  also  Slavery  in  the  U.  S. 

Aborigines  see  Ethnology;  also   names  of  ab- 
original races,  e.g.  Indians 

Abrasion  (geology)  see  Erosion 

Abrasives 

See  also  Corundum;  Geology,  Economic; 
Grinding  and  polishing 

Abscess 

See  also  Suppuration 
Absent  treatment  see  Christian  science ;  Mental 

healing 
Absenteeism 

.SV^  also  Land  tenure;  Land  tenure  — 
Ireland 


Absolute,  The 

See  also  Metaphysics 
Absolute  rights  iee  Natural  law 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Church  archi- 
tecture; Church  history;  Convents  and  nun- 
neries; Monasteries 

Refer  from  Ciphers;  Contractions  (s) ; 
Paleography;  Shorthand;  Writing 

Refer  from  Anatomy;  Viscera 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Astronomy,  Spheri- 
cal and  practical;  Light 


Refer  from  Efficiency,  Industrial;  Executive 
ability;  Genius;  Psychology;  Talent 


Refer  from  Abolition  of  slavery  (s) ;  Biogra- 
phy; Slavery  in  the  U.  S. 


Refer  from  Corundum;  Geology,  Economic; 
Grinding      and      polishing;      Machine      tools; 

Mineralogy 

Refer  from  Pathology;  Suppuration 


Refer  from  Agriculture —  Ireland;  Ireland 
—  Economic  conditions;  Land  tenure;  Land 
tenure  —  Ireland;  Landlord  and  tenant;  Taxa- 
tion 

Refer  from  God;  Metaphysics;  Theology 


Absolution 

Sc'f  also  Confession;  Indulgences;  Penance 


Absolutism  sre  Despotism 
Absorption  (physiology) 

See  also  Digestion;  Metabolism;  Osmosis; 
Skin 

Absorption  in  soils  see  Soil  absorption 
Absorption  of  light 
See  also  Light 
Absorption  spectra  see  Spectra 
Abstinence  see  Fasting;  Temperance 
Abstract  writing  see  Precis  writing 
Abstracts  of  title  see  Land  titles 
Academic  costume  see  Costume,  Academic 
Academic  degrees  see  Degrees,  Academic 
Academies     (learned     societies)     see     Learned 

societies 
Academies  (schools) 

See   also    Education,   Secondary;    Private 

schools 

Acadians 

See  also  Nova  Scotia 
Accent 

See  also  Prosody;  also  names  of  languages, 
subhead  Accents 
Accidence  see  Grammar 

Accident  insurance  see  Insurance,  Accident 
Accidents 

See  also  Ambulances;  Boiler  explosions; 
Burns  and  scalds;  Collisions  at  sea;  Dam- 
ages; Disasters;  Drowning;  Employers' 
liability;  Explosions;  First  aid  in  illness  and 
injury;  Insurance,  Accident;  Life-saving; 
Lightning;  Mine  accidents;  Occupations, 
Dangerous;  Poisons;  Railroads  — Acci- 
dents; Safety  devices;  Shipwrecks;  Surgery; 
Wounds 
Acclimatization 

See    also    Anthropogeography ;     Climate; 
Ecology;  Environment;  Tropics 


Acclimatization  (plants) 

See  also  Ecology;  Plant  introduction 


Accompaniment,  Musical,  see  Musical  accom- 
paniment 

Accounting 

See  also  Arithmetic,  Commercial;  Audit- 
ing; Bookkeeping;  Business;  Card  system 
in  business  ;  Cash  registers  ;  Cost  accounting; 
Municipal  accounts 

Accumulators  see  Storage  batteries 
Accpliala  see  Bivalves 
Acetylene 

Acids 

See  also  Chemistry ;  also  names  of  acids 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Church  disci- 
pline ;  Church  polity  ;  Confession  ;  Indulgences  ; 
Penance ;  Sin 


Refer  from  Assimilation  (s) ;  Digestion; 
Metabolism;  Nutrition;  Osmosis;  Physio- 
logical chemistry;  Physiology 


Refer  from  Light 


Refer  from  Education,  Secondary  ;  Prepara- 
tory schools  (s) ;  Private  schools;  Schools; 
Secondary  schools  (s) 

Refer  from  French-Canadians;  Nova  Scotia 

Refer  from  Language;  Prosody 


Refer  from  Disasters;  Drowning;  Emergen- 
cies (s) ;  Employers'  liability;  P'irst  aid  in  ill- 
ness and  injury;  Injuries  (s) ;  Life-sav^ing; 
Medicine;  Occupations,  Dangerous;  Surgery 


Refer  from  Adaption  (biology) ;  Anthropo- 
geography; Biology;  Climate;  Ecology;  En- 
vironment; Tropics;  Tropics  —  Diseases  and 
hygiene 

Refer  from  Agriculture;  Ecology;  Gardening; 
Geographical  distribution  of  animals  and 
plants;  Plant  introduction;  Plants  —  Accli- 
matization (s) 


Refer  from  Arithmetic,  Commercial;  Audit- 
ing; Bookkeeping;  Business;  Business  educa- 
tion; Card  system  in  business;  Commerce; 
Cost  accounting;  Municipal  accounts;  Scien- 
tific management 


Refer  from  Chcmistr)-,  Technical;  Gas;  Gas 
lighting;  Gases;  Lighting 


Refer  from  Chemistry 


Acknowledgments 

St'<-   also    Deeds;    Evidence 
Acoustics  see  Acoustics  of  buildings;  Hearing; 

Sound 
Acoustics  of  buildings 

See  also  Architecture 

Acrobats 

See  also  Gymnastics 

Acrostics 

See  also  Puzzles 
Acting 

See  also  Actors;  Amateur  theatricals; 
Drama;  Expression;  Gesture;  Alake-up, 
Theatrical ;  Pageants ;  Pantomime ;  Theater  ; 
Vaudeville 

Study  and  teaching 

Actinotherapy  see  Radiotherapy 
Actions  at  law 

See  also  Costs;  Equity;  Evidence;   Forms 
(in    law);    Injunctions;    Limitations    (law); 
Pleading  and  practice;  Trials 
Actors 

See    also    Acting;     Make-up,    Theatrical; 
Theater;  Vaudeville 
Actresses  see  Actors 
Adages  see  Maxims;  Proverbs 
Adaptation  (biology) 

■Sift'    also    Acclimatization;    Ecology;     En- 
vironment; Evolution 
Addresses  see  Orations 
Adhesives 

5^1?  also  Cement;  Glue;  Paste;  Wax 

Administration  see  Administrators  and  execu- 
tors; Civil  service;  Government;  also 
names  of  countries  and  states,  subhead 
Government 

Administrators  and  executors 

See  also  Probate  law  and  practice; 
Wills 


Admirals 

See  also  Naval  biography 
Admiralty 

See    also    Collisions    at    sea;     Commercial 
law;  Demurrage;  Maritime  law;  Salvage 
Adolescence  see  Youth 
Adoption 

See  also  Guardians 

Adulterations 

See  also  Chemistry  —  Analysis;    Chemis- 
try,   Technical;    Drugs;    I""ood    adulteration 
and  inspection;  Liquors;  Seeds  —  Adultera- 
tion and  inspection 
Adultery 

See  also  Sexual  ethics 


Advent 

See     also     Christian 
Second  ad\ent 


year;      Christmas; 


Refer  fro  tn  Deeds;  Law;  Notaries 


Refer  from  Acoustics  (s) ;  Architectural 
acoustics  (s) ;  Architecture;  Building;  Sound 

Refer  from  Circus;  Gymnastics;  Sports; 
Tumbling  (s) 

Refer  from  Puzzles 

Refer  from  Actors;  Amateur  theatricals; 
Amusements;  Drama;  Dramatic  art  (s) ; 
Dramatic  expression  (s)  ;  Elocution;  Histrion- 
ics (s) ;  Impersonation  (s) ;  Make-up,  Theatri- 
cal; Stage  (s) ;  Theater 

Refer  from  Dramatic  education  (s) 


Refer  from  Equity;  Forms  (in  law);  Law; 
Lawsuits  (s) ;  Pleading  and  practice;  Pro- 
cedure (s) ;  Suits  at  law  (s) ;  Trials 

Refer  from  Acting;  Actresses  (s) ;  Biography; 
Comedians  (s)  ;  Drama;  Players  (s) ;  Theater 


Refer    from     Biology;      Ecology;     Environ- 
ment ;  Evolution 


Refer    from     Agglutinants      (s) ;      Cement; 
Glue;  Paste 


Refer  from  Administration  (s) ;  Appraising; 
Commercial  law;  Executors  (s) ;  Guardians; 
Inheritance;  Law;  Powers  (law);  Probate 
law   and   practice;   Property;  Trustees;    Wills 

Refer  from  Naval  biography;    Naval  history 

Refer  from  Collisions  at  sea ;  Commercial 
law;  Courts;  Law;  Maritime  law 


Refer  from  Children;  Foundlings;  Guard- 
ians; Law;  Orphans  and  orphan  asylums 

Refer  from  Chemistry  —  Analysis;  Chemis- 
try, Technical;  Crime  and  criminals;  Drugs; 
Food  adulteration  and  inspection;  Hygiene, 
Public;  Liquors;  Sanitary  chemistry 

Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Marriage; 
Sexual  ethics 

Refer   from    Christian    year;     Fasts    and 
feasts 


Adventlsts  see  Second  adventists 

Adventure 

See  also  Castaways;  Discoveries  and 
explorations;  Escapes;  Explorers;  Frontier 
and  pioneer  life;  Heroes;  Hunting;  Sea- 
faring life;  Shipwrecks;  Sports;  Treasure- 
trove;  Voyages  and  travels 

Adventurers  see  Imposture 

Adverse  possession  see  Possession  (in  law) 

Adversity  see  Affliction;  Misfortune 

Advertising 

See  also  Billposting;  Business;  Library 
bulletins;  Mail  order  business;  Posters; 
Promoting;  Publicity;  Salesmanship;  Show 
cards;  Sign  painting;  Signs;  Street  cries; 
Window  dressing 

Aerial  navigation  see  Aeronautics 

Aerial  propellers 

Aerial  railroads 

Aerial  warfare  see  Aeronautics,  Military 
Aerodromes  see  Aeroplanes;  Flying  machines 
Aerodynamics 

See  also  Air;  Flight 
Aerolites  see  Meteorites 
Aerology  see  Meteorology 
Aeronautic  motors 

See  also  Aeronautics;  Aeroplanes 

Aeronautics 

See  also  Aerial  propellers;  Aerodynamics; 
Aeronautic  motors;  Aeronauts;  Aeroplanes; 
Airships  ;  Balloons  ;  Flight ;  Flying  machines ; 
Kites ;  Speed 

MilitM"y 

Aeronauts 

Aeroplanes 

See  also  Aerial  propellers ;  Aeronautic 
motors;  Aeronautics;  Flying  machines 

Aesthetics  see  Esthetics 

Aether  see  Ether 

Affection  see  Friendship;  Kindness;  Love 

Affidavits 

Affinity,  Chemical,  see  Chemical  affinity 
Affliction 

See  also  Consolation;    Misfortune;  Resig- 
nation 
Afforestation  see  Forest  planting 
African  colonization  see  Africa  —  Colonization 
African  languages 

See     also     Coptic     language;      Egyptian 
language;  Hamitic  languages 
African  slave  trade  see  Slave  trade 
After-dinner  speeches 

See  also  Anecdotes;  Toasts 

Age 

See     also     Age      limit     of     employment  ; 
Growth;  Longevity;  Old  age;  Youth 
Age  limit  of  employment 


Refer  from   Escapes;   Heroes;    Voyages   and 
travels 


Refer  from  Billposting ;  Business  ;  Commerce ; 
Mail  order  business;  Newspapers;  Periodicals; 
Publicity;  Salesmanship 


Refer   from    Aeronautics;    Aeroplanes;    Air 
propellers  (s) ;  Propellers 

Refer  from   Railroads;   Railroads,  Aerial   (s) 


Refer   from    Aeronautics;     Air;    Dynamics; 
Flight;  Gases 


Refer  from  Aeronautics;  Aeroplanes;  Flying 
machines ;  Alotors 

Refer  from  Aerial  navigation  (s) ;  Aeronautic 
motors;  Aeroplanes;  Air;  Airships;  Av^ia- 
tion  (s) ;  Balloons;  Engineering;  Flight;  Fly- 
ing machines;  Locomotion;  Mechanics;  Navi- 
gation; Sports;  Transportation 

Refer  from  Aerial  warfare  (s) ;  Military 
aeronautics  (s) ;  Military  art  and  science 

Refer  from  Aeronautics;  Aviators  (s) ; 
Balloonists  (s) ;  Biography 

Refer  from  Aerodromes  (s) ;  Aeronautic 
motors;  Aeronautics;  Airships;  Biplanes  (s) ; 
Flying  machines;  Gliders  (s) ;  Monoplanes  (s) 


Refer    from     Evidence;      Forms     (In     law) 
Law;  Notaries 


Refer   from    Adversity     (s) ;     Ethics;     Alls- 
fortune;  Suffering;  Trouble  (s) 


Refer  from  Coptic  language;    Egyptian  lan- 
guage; Hamitic  languages;  Language 


Refer  from    Dinners   and   dining;    Orations; 
Speeches  (s) ;  Toasts 

Refer  from  Old  age 

Refer    from     Age;      Efficiency,     Industrial; 
Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Old  age 


Aged  see  Longevity;  Old  age 

Aged  poor  see  Homes  for  the  aged;  Old  age; 

Old  age  pensions;  Poor 
Agency 

See  also  Bailments;    Brokers  and  factors; 

Commercial     law;     Contracts;     Damages; 

Employers'  liability;  Employment  agencies; 

Negligence  ;  Powers  (law) ;  Receivers 

Agents     see    Agency;     Brokers     and     factors; 
Commercial  travelers 

Agglutinants  see  Adhesives 

Agincourt,  Battle  of 

See  also  [England  —  History  —  Lancaster 
and  York;  France  —  History  —  House  of 
\' alois ;  Hundred  years'  war 

Agnosticism 

See  also  Atheism;  Positivism;  Rational- 
ism ;  Skepticism 


Agreements  see  Contracts 

Agricultural     bacteriology     see     Bacteriology, 
Agricultural 

Agricultural    banks    see    Agricultural    credit; 
Banks  and  banking;  Land  banks 

Agricultural  botany  see  Botany,  Economic 

Agricultural  chemistry 

See  also  Ammonia;  Fertilizers  and  man- 
ures; Nitrification;  Phosphates;  Plants  — 
Chemistry  and  nutrition;  Plants,  Effect  of 
chemicals  on  ;  Soils 

Agricultural  colleges 

See  also  Agriculture  —  Study  and  teaching 


Agricultural  colonies  see  Farm  colonies 
Agricultural  credit 

See  also  Land  banks 


Agricultural    education    see    Agricultural    col- 
leges; Agriculture  —  Study  and  teaching 

Agricultural  exhibitions 

Agricultural  experiment  stations 

See  also  Agricultural  experimentation; 
Agriculture  —  Demonstration  work;  also 
special  stations 

Agricultural  experimentation 

See  also  Agricultural  experiment  stations; 
Agriculture  —  Demonstration  work 

Agricultural  implements  see  Farm  implements 
and  machinery 

Agricultural  laborers  see  Farm  labor 

Agricultural  laws 

See  also  Corn  laws 

Agricultural   machinery  see   Farm   implements 
and  machinery 

Agricultural  pests 

See  also  Birds,  Useful  and  injurious; 
Cotton  —  Diseases  and  pests;  Fruit  —  Dis- 
eases and  pests;  Fungi;  Insects,  Injurious 
and  beneficial;  Rabbits;  Tobacco  —  Dis- 
eases and  pests;  Trees  —  Diseases  and 
pests ;  Weeds 


Refer  from  Agents  (s) ;  Attorneys  (s) ; 
Bailments;  Brokers  and  factors;  Commercial 
law;  Contracts;  Law;  Negligence;  Partner- 
ship; Power  of  attorney  (s) ;  Powers  (law); 
Principal  and  agent  (s) 


Refer  from  England  —  History  —  Lancas- 
ter and  York;  France  —  History  —  House  of 
Valois ;  Hundred  j-ears'  war 

Refer  fro7n  Atheism;  Belief;  Faith;  Free 
thought;  God;  Naturalism;  Philosophy;  Phi- 
losophy, Modern;  Secularism;  Skepticism; 
Theology 


Refer  from  Chemistry;  Chemistry,  Agricul- 
tural (s) ;  Chemistry,  Dairy  (s) ;  Dairy  chemis- 
try (s) ;  Fertilizers  and  manures;  Soils 


Refer  from  Agriculture  —  Study  and  teach- 
ing; Agricultural  education  (s) ;  Colleges  and 
universities 


Refer  from  Agricultural  banks  (s) ;  Banks 
and  banking;  Credit;  Credit  foncier  (s) ;  Land 
banks;  Land  credit  (s) 


Refer  from  Exhibitions;  Fairs;  State  fairs  (s) 

Refer  from  Agricultural  experimentation; 
Agriculture  —  Demonstration  work;  Experi- 
ment stations  (s) 

Refer  from  Agricultural  experiment  stations; 
Agriculture  —  Demonstration  work;  Experi- 
ments (s) 


Refer  from  Farm  laws  (s) ;  Law 


Refer  from  Gardening;  Insects,  Injurious  and 
beneficial;  Pests  (s) 


Agricultural  physics 

See  also  Drainage;  Farm  buildings;  Farm 
motors;  Soil  absorption;  Soil  moisture; 
Soils ;  Tillage 

Agricultural  products 

See  also  Botany,  Economic;  Cocoa;  Cof- 
fee; Commercial  products;  Cotton;  Crops; 
Dairy  products;  Essences  and  essential  oils; 
Fibers;  Forest  products;  Fruit;  Ginseng; 
Grain;  Hay;  Indigo;  Liquors;  Marketing 
of  farm  produce;  Opium;  Rice;  Root  crops; 
Rubber;  Spices;  Sugar;  Tea;  Tobacco; 
Vegetables 

Agricultural  societies 

See  also  Farmers'  institutes;  Grange 

Agricultural  tools  see    Farm   implements   and 
machinery 

Agriculture 

See  also  Acclimatization  (plants) ;  Bac- 
teriology, Agricultural;  Bees;  Birds,  Useful 
and  injurious;  Botany,  Economic;  Clearing 
of  land;  Cooperative  agriculture;  Corn  laws; 
Cover  crops;  Crops;  Dairying;  Domestic 
animals,  and  names  of  animals;  Drainage; 
Dry  farming;  Electricity  on  the  farm; 
Ensilage;  Farm  buildings;  Farm  colonies; 
Farm  implements  and  machinery;  Farm 
labor;  Farm  life;  Farm  management;  Farm 
values;  Farmers;  Farmers'  institutes; 
Farms;  Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs;  Fertil- 
izers and  manures;  Floriculture;  Forage 
plants;  Forests  and  forestry;  Frost  protec- 
tion; Fruit  culture;  Gardening;  Green- 
houses; Insects,  Injurious  and  beneficial; 
Irrigation;  Land;  Land  tenure;  Live  stock; 
Marker  gardening;  Marketing  of  farm  prod- 
uce ;  Pastures  and  meadows;  Peasantry; 
Plant  breeding;  Plants;  Reclamation  of 
land;  Rotation  of  crops;  Seeds  —  Selection 
and  testing;  Soil  fertility;  Soil  inoculation; 
Soil  surveys;  Soils;  Threshing;  Tillage; 
Trees;  also  headings  beginning  Agricultural, 
and  names  of  special  products 

Demonstration  work 

See    also    Agricultural    experiment    sta- 
tions; Agricultural  experimentation 


Statistics 

Study  and  teaching 

See  also  Agricultural  colleges;  Agricul- 
ture—  Demonstration  work;  Farm 
schools;  Forestry  schools  and  education 

Tropics 

See  also  Cocoa  ;  Coffee  ;  Cotton  ;  Opium  ; 
Rice;      Rubber;      Spices;      Sugar;     Tea; 
Tobacco 
U.  S. 

Agronomy  see  Agriculture 
Agrostology  see  Grasses 
Ague  see  Malaria 
Amos 

See  also  I'".lhnology  —  Japan 


Refer  from  Drainage;  Physics;  Soil  moisture; 
Soils ;  Tillage 


Refer  from  Botany,  Economic;  Commercial 
products;  Crops;  Farm  products  (s) ;  Products, 
Agricultural  (s) 


Refer  from  Farmers;  Societies 


Refer  from  Agronomy  (s) ;  Crops;  Farmers; 
Farming  (s) ;  Farms  ;  Fruit  culture ;  Gardening ; 
Husbandry  (s) ;  Industrial  arts;  Land;  Market 
gardening;  Marketing  of  farm  produce;  Plant- 
ing (s) ;  Plants;  Rotation  of  crops;  Rural 
economy  (s) ;  Soils;  Tillage 


Refer  from  Agricultural  experiment  stations; 
Agricultural  experimentation;  Agriculture  — 
Study  and  teaching;  Demonstration  work  in 
agriculture  (s) 

Refer  from  Crop  reports  (s) ;  Crops;  Food 
supply 

Refer  from  Agricultural  colleges;  Agricul- 
tural education  (s) 


Refer  from  Tropical  agriculture  (s) ;  Tropics 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Agriculture  (s) ;  U.  S.  — 
Industries  and  resources 


Refer  from    Ainu    (s) ;    Etlinology — Japan; 
Japan 


Ainu  see  Ainos 
Air 

See     also     Aerodynamics;      Aeronautics; 

Argon  ;  Atmospheric  electricity ;  Atmospheric 

nucieation;     Barometer;     Compressed     air; 

Humidity  ;  Hygrometry  ;  Ionization  of  gases  ; 

Liquid  air;  Meteorology;  Ozone;  Ventilation 

-Liquid,  see  Liquid  air 

Air  brakes 

See  also  Brakes;  Safety  devices 


Air  compressors 

See  also  Air  pumps;  Compressed  air 
Air  engines 

See  also  Compressed  air 

Air  passages  see  Respiratory  organs 
Air  pollution 

See  also  Dust;  Smoke;  Ventilation 

Air  propellers  see  Aerial  propellers 
Air  pumps 

See  also  Air  compressors 

Air-ships  see  Airships 
Airships 

See  also  Aeronautics  ;  Aeroplanes  ;  Balloons 


Alabama  claims 


Aladdin  oven 
Albigenses 

See'  also     France  —  Religious       history; 
Waldenses 

Albinos  and  albinism 

See  also  Color  of  man 

Alchemy 

See     also     Chemistry  —  History;      Elixir 
of  life;  Occult  sciences;  Philosopher's  stone 


Alcohol 

See  also  Alcoholism;  Brandy;  Chemistry, 
Organic;  Distillation;  Liquor  problem; 
Liquor  traflic;  Liquors,  and  names  of 
liquors;  Temperance 

Denatured 

See  also  Alcohol  motors 


Physiological  effects 

Alcohol  eiit-'incs  see  Alcohol  motors 
Alcohol  motors 

Alcoholism 

See  also  Alcohol  —  Physiological  effects; 
Gold  cure;  Inebriate  asylums;  Liquor 
problem  ;  'rcmpcrance 


Refer  from  Aerodynamics;  Atmosphere  (s) ; 
Chemistry;  Ether  (of  space);  Gases;  Meteor- 
ology; Physics;  Pneumatics  (s) 


Refer  from  Brakes;  Cars;  Railroads;  Rail- 
roads—  Equipment  and  supplies;  Safety  de- 
vices 

Refer  fro  7)1  Air  pumps;  Compressed  air 

Refer  from  Caloric  engines  (s) ;  Engines; 
Heat  engines;  Hot-air  engines  (s) 


Refer    from    Hygiene;    Sanitary    chemistry; 
Ventilation 


Refer    from     Air     compressors;     Pneumatic 
pumps  (s) ;  Pumps 


Refer  from  Aeronautics;  Air-ships  (s) ;  Bal- 
loons; Balloons,  Dirigible  (s) ;  Dirigible  bal- 
loons (s) 

Refer  from  Claims;  Geneva  award  (s) ; 
Neutrality;  Privateering;  U.  S.  —  History  — 
Civil  war  —  Foreign  relations;  U.  S.  — Foreign 
relations  —  England 

Refer  from  Cookery;  Stoves 

Refer  from  Church  history  —  Middle  ages; 
France  —  Religious  history;  Persecution;  Wal- 
denses 

Refer  from  Color  of  animals;  Color  of  man; 
Leucopathy  (s) 

Refer  from  Chemistry;  Chemistry  —  His- 
tory; Elixir  of  life;  Gold;  Hermetic  art  (s) ; 
Metals;  Occult  scences;  Philosopher's  stone; 
Superstition;  Transmutation  of  metals  (s) 

Refer  from  Chemistry,  Organic;  Distilla- 
tion; Intoxicants  (s) ;  Liquors;  Stimulants; 
Temperance 


Refer  from  Chemistry,  Technical;  Dena- 
tured alcohol  (s) ;  Industrial  alcohol  (s) ; 
Liquid  fuel 

Refer  from  Alcoholism  ;  Hygiene  ;  Temperance 

Refer  from  Alcohol,  Denatured;  Alcohol 
engines  (s) ;  Gas  and  oil  engines;  Motors 

Refer  from  Alcohol;  Crime  and  criminals; 
Dipsomania  (s) ;  Drunkenness  (s);  Inebri- 
ates (s);  Intemperance  (s)  ;  Intoxication  (s) ; 
Liquor  habit  (s) ;  Liquor  problem  ;  Medicine  — 
Practice;  Temperance 


Alcoran  see  Koran 
Ale 

See  also  Beer;  Brewing;   Liquors;  Malt 
Alfalfa 

See    also     Feeding     and     feeding     stuffs; 
Forage  plants 

Algae 

See  also  Cryptogams;  Aquatic  plants 


Algebra 

See  also  Calculus;    Determinants;  Equa- 
tions;     Functions;     Groups,     Theory     of; 
Logarithms;         Mathematics;        Numbers; 
Probabilities;  Quaternions;  Vector  analysis 
Algonkian  Indians  see  Algonquian  Indians 
Algonkian  period  see  Geology,  Stratigraphic  — 

Algonkian 
Algonquian  Indians 

See    also     Blackfoot    Indians;     Delaware 
Indians;  Narragansett  Indians 

Algonquian  languages 

See  also  Indians  —  Languages 
Alhambra 

See  also  Granada 

Alien  and  sedition  laws,  1798 

See  also  Kentucky    and    Virginia    resolu- 
tions, 1798;  U.  S.  —  History  —  1783-1812 


Aliens 

See  also  Allegiance ;  Citizenship  ;  Expatria- 
tion; Naturalization;  also  Chinese  in  the 
U.  S.,  and  similar  headings 

Alimentary  canal  see  Digestiv^e  system 
Alkali  lands 

Alkalies 

See  also  Ammonia;   Chemistry,  Inorganic 

Alkaloids 

See  also  Chemistry,    Organic;  Morphine; 
Ptomaines 
Alkoran  see  Koran 
All  fools'  day  see  April  fools'  day 
All  hallow  eve  see  Halloween 
Allegiance 

See  also  Aliens;  Citizenship;    Naturaliza- 
tion 
Allegories 

See  also  Fables;  Parables 

Allegory 

See    also    Allegories ;     Rhetoric 
Alliance,  Holy,  see  Holy  alliance 
Alliance,  Triple,  see  Triple  alliance 
Alliteration 

See  also  Rhetoric;  Versification 

Allopathy  [for  polemical  treatises  only] 


Refer  from  Beer;  Brewing;  Liquors 

Refer  from  Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs; 
Fertilizers  and  manures;  Forage  plants;  Hay; 
Lucerne  (plant)  (s) 

Refer  from  Aquatic  plants;  Cryptogams; 
Marine  biology;  IMarine  botany  (s) ;  Alarine 
flora  (s) ;  Marine  plants  (s) ;  Mosses;  Ocean; 
Sea  mosses  (s) ;  Seashore;  Seaweeds  (s) 

Refer  from  Analj^sis  (mathematics)  (s) ; 
Calculus;  Determinants;  Equations;  Groups, 
Theory  of;  Mathematics;  Quaternions 


Refer  from  Algonkian  Indians  (s)  ;  Blackfoot 
Indians;  Delaware  Indians;  Indians;  Nar- 
ragansett Indians 

Refer  fro 7)1  Indians  —  Languages 

Refer  from  Architecture,  Mohammedan; 
Granada;  Palaces 

Refer  from  Immigration  and  emigration  — 
U.  S. ;  Naturalization;  Sedition  act,  1798  (s) ; 
U.  S.  —  Constitution;  U.  S. —  History  — 
1783-1812 

Refer  from  Allegiance;  Asylum,  Right  of; 
Citizenship;  Expatriation;  Foreigners  (s)  ? 
Immigration  and  emigration;  International 
law;  Law;  Naturalization 

Refer  from  Irrigation;  Reclamation  of  land; 
Soils 

Refer  from  Ammonia;  Chemistry;  Chemis- 
try, Inorganic 

Refer  from  Chemistry,  Organic;  Nitrogen; 
Poisons 


Refer  from  Aliens  ;  Citizenship  ;  International 
law;  Law;  Treason 

Refer    from     Allegory;      Fables;     Fiction; 
Literature;  Parables;  Religion 

Refer  from  Rhetoric 


Refer  from    Language;     Poetry;    Rhetoric; 
Versification 

Refer  from  Medicine 


Alloys 

See  also  Amalgamation ;  Amalgams  ;  Brass  ; 
Bronze;   Metallography;   Metallurgy;   Pew- 
ter; Solder  and  soldering 
Allusions 
Alluvium 

See  also  Geology;  Physical  geography 
Almanacs 

See  also  Calendars;  Chronology;  Nautical 
almanacs;  Yearbooks 
Almsgi\'ing  see  Charity;  Poor 
Almshouses 

See  also  Asylums;  Charities;  Poor 


Alphabet 

See  also  Cuneiform  writing;  Hieroglyph- 
ics; Inscriptions;  Lettering;  Paleography; 
Printing;  Runes;  Transliteration;  Writing 

Alphabeting 

See  also  Cataloging 
Alphabets  see  Alphabet;  Lettering 
Alpine  clubs 

See    also    Geographical    societies;     Moun- 
taineering 
Alpine  plants 

Altaic  languages  see  Ural-Altaic  languages 
Altars 

See  also  Church  furniture;  Lord's  supper; 
Mass ;  Sacrifice 
Alternating    current    machinery    see    Electric 

machinery  —  Alternating  current 
Alternating    currents     see     Electric     currents, 

Alternating 
Altitudes 

See  also  Sea  le\^cl ;  also  names  of  countries, 
subhead  Altitudes 

Al'ruism 

See  also  Egoism;  Ethics 


Aluminium 

See  also  Metals 
Aluminum  see  Aluminium 
Amalgamation 

See  also  Allo\s ;  Amalgams;  Mercury 
Amalgams 

See  also  Alloys;  Mercury 

Amateur  journalism 

See  also  Students'  periodicals 
Amateur  theatricals 

See  also  /Acting;  Charades;  College  plays; 
Dialogues;  Make-up,  Theatrical;  Alono- 
logues;  Pantomime;  Shadow  pantomimes; 
Tableaux 

Amazons 

See  also  Mythology,  Classical 
Ambassadors 

See  also  Diplomacy;  Diplomatic  and 
consular  service  ;  Diplomats;  Exterritoriality 


Refer  from  Amalgamation;  Amalgams; 
Brass;  Bronze;  Metallography;  Metallurgy; 
Metals;  Pewter;  Solder  and  soldering 

Refer  from  Literature;  Reference  books 

Refer  from  Geology;  Physical  geography; 
Soils 

Refer  from  Annuals;  Astronomy;  Calendars; 
Chronology;  Days;  Registers;  Statistics; 
Time;  Yearbooks 

Refer  from  Asylums;  Charities;  Homes 
(institutions)  (s) ;  Institutions,  Charitable  and 
philanthropic  (s) ;  Poor;  Poorhouses  (s) ; 
Workhouses  (charities)  (s) 

Refer  from  Alphabets  (s) ;  English  language 
—  Alphabet  (s) ;  Hieroglyphics;  Inscriptions; 
Language;  Letters  of  the  alphabet  (s) ;  Pale- 
ography; Phcmetics ;  Writing 

Refer  from  Cataloging 


Refer    from    Alps;    Geographical    societies; 
Mountaineering;  A^Iountains 

Refer  from  Botany;  Mountains-;  Plants 


Refer  from  Church  furniture;  Sacrifice 


Refer  from  Elevations  (s) ;  Heights  (s) ; 
Hypsometry  (s) ;  Physical  geography;  Sea 
level ;  Surveying 

Refer  from  Benevolence  (s) ;  Charity; 
Conduct  of  life  ;  Egoism  ;  Ethics ;  Philanthropy  ; 
Sociology 

Refer  from  Aluminum  (s) ;  Metals 


Refer  from  Alloys;  Metallurgy 

Refer  from  Alloys;  Amalgamation;  Mercury; 
Metals 

Refer  from  Journalism;  Students'  periodical 

Refer  from  Acting;  Amusements;  Charades; 
Drama;  Drawing-room  pla)-s  (s) ;  Entertain- 
ments; Pantomime;  Plays  (s) ;  Private  theatri- 
cals (s) ;  Tableaux;  Theater;  Theatricals, 
Amateur  (s) 

Refer  from  Mythology,  Classical;  Women 

Refer  from  Diplomacy;  Diplomatic  and  con- 
sular service;  Diplomats;  Exterritoriality; 
International  relations;  Ministers  of  state 


Ambidexterity 

St-e  also  Hand;  Left- and  righl-handcdncss 
Ambition 
Ambulance   drill   see   First    aid    in    illness    and 

injury 
Ambulances 

See  also  First  aid  in  illness  and  injury 

Amendments  (parliamentary  practice) 

See  also  Parliamentary  practice 

America  —  Discovery  and  exploration 

Discovery  and  exploration  —  Pre-Colum- 
bian 

See  also  Northmen 
American  aborigines  see  Indians 
American  art  see  Art,  American 
American  authors  see  Authors,  American 
American  ballads  see  Ballads,  American 
American  colonial    history  see  U.  S.  —  History 

— •  Colonial  period 
American  drama 

See  also  American  literature;   Dramatists, 

American;  English  drama;  Theater  —  U.  S. 

American  essays 

See    also     American     literature;     English 
essays 
American  fiction 

See    also    American     literature;     English 
fiction 
American  humor  see  Humor,  American 
American  Indians  see  Indians 
American  letters  see  Letters,  American 
American  literature 

See  also  y\mcrican  drama;  American 
essays;  American  fiction;  American  poetry; 
Authors,  American;  Ballads,  American; 
Canadian  literature;  English  literature; 
German-American  literature  ;  Humor,  Ameri- 
can ;  Letters,  American  ;  Newspapers  —  U.S.; 
Orations,  American;  Parodies;  Periodicals 
—  U.  S. ;  Satire,  American;  Sonnets,  Ameri- 
can 

Indiana 

New  England 

See  also  Boston  —  Literature 
American  loyalists  see  Loyalists,  American 
American  newspapers  see  Newspapers  —  U.  S. 
American  orations  see  Orations,  American 
American  party  see  Know-nothing  party 
American  periodicals  see  Periodicals  —  U.  S. 

American  poetry 

See     also     American     drama;      American 

literature;     Ballads,     American;     Canadian 

poetry;    English    poetry;    Poets,    American; 

Songs,  American;  Sonnets,  American 

American    revolution    see    U.    S.  —  History  — 

Revolution 
^merican  satire  see  Satire,  American 
American  songs  see  Ballads,  American;  Songs, 

American 
American  sonnets  see  Sonnets,  American 
American  wit  and  humor  see  Humur,  American 


Refer  from  Hand;  Left-  and  right-handedness 
Rejer  jrom  Conduct  of  life;  Success 


Refer  from  Accidents;  Carriages;  Hospitals; 
Surgery,  Military;  Vehicles 

Refer  from  Constitutional  law;  Parliamen- 
tary practice 

Refer  from  U.  S. —  Discovery  and  explora- 
tion (s) ;  U.  S. —  History  —  Colonial  period 


Refer  from  Northmen 


Refer  from  American  literature;  American 
poetry;  Drama;  Dramatists,  American;  Eng- 
lish drama  ;  Theater  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S.  —  Drama  (s) 

Refer  from  American  literature;  I'^nglish 
essays ;  Essays 

Refer  from  American  literature;  English 
fiction ;  Fiction 


Refer  from  American  drama;  American 
essays;  American  fiction;  American  poetry; 
Authors,  American  ;  English  literature ;  Humor, 
American;  Literature;  Satire,  American;  U.  S. 
—  Literature  (s) 


Refer  from  Indiana  —  Literature  (s) 
Refer  from  New  England  —  Literature  (s) 


Refer  from  American  literature;  Ballads, 
American;  English  poetry;  Poetry;  Poets, 
American;  Sonnets,  American;  U.  S. — 
Poetry  (s) 


Americana  see  subhead  Bibliography  under 
America  and  under  names  of  parts  of  the 
continent,  regions,  countries  and  places 

Americanisms 

Americans  in  Europe 
America's  cup 

See  also  Yachts  and  yachting 

Amerinds  see  Indians 

Amish  Mennonites  see  Mennonites 

Ammonia 

See  also  Alkalies 


Ammunition 

See  also  Firearms;  Gunpowder;  Ordnance; 
Projectiles 

Amphibia 

See  also  Frogs;  Toads;  Vertebrates 

Amphitheaters 

See  also  Architecture;  Gladiators 
Amphorae  see  Vases 
Amputation 

See  also  Surgery 
Amulets 

See  also  Charms;  Scarabs 


Amusement  parks 

Amusements 

See  also  Acting;  Amateur  theatricals; 
Amusement  parks;  Athletics;  Balls  (par- 
ties); Camping;  Cards;  Charades;  Circus; 
Coaches  and  coaching;  Concerts;  Conjur- 
ing; Dancing;  Drills  and  marches;  En- 
tertainments; Fairs;  Fencing;  Festivals; 
Fortune  telling;  Games;  Kites;  Alasquer- 
ades;  Mathematical  recreations;  Minstrel 
shows;  Mov^ing  pictures;  Opera;  Pageants; 
Palmistry;  Pantomime;  Picnics;  Play; 
Playgrounds;  Puppet  plays;  Puzzles;  Rid- 
dles; School  excursions;  Scientific  recrea- 
tions; Soap  bubbles;  Sports;  String  figures; 
Tableaux;  Theater ;  Toys  ;  Vaudeville;  Ven- 
triloquism; also  names  of  cities,  subhead 
Amusements 

Ana  see  Anecdotes 

Anabaptists 

See  also  Baptists;  Mennonites;  Peasants' 
war 

Anabolism  see  Metabolism 

Anaesthesia  see  Anesthetics 

Anagrams 

Analogy 

Analysis  (chemistry)  see  Assaying;  Blowpipe; 
Chemistry  —  Analysis;  also  names  of  sub- 
stances analyzed 

Analysis  (mathematics)  see  Algebra;  Calculus; 
Functions 

Analysis,  Spectrum,  see  Spectrum  analysis 

Analysis  of  food  see  Food  —  Analysis;  Food 
adulteration  and  inspection 


Refer  from  English    language;    English    lan- 
guage —  Dialects;  Idioms,  English;  Slang 


Refer  from  Cup  races  (s) ;  Yachts  and  yacht- 


ing 


Refer  from  Agricultural  chemistry;  Alkalies; 
Chemistry,  Inorganic;  Chemistry,  Technical; 
Fertilizers  and  manures 

Refer  from  Explosives;  Firearms  ;  Gunnery ; 
Gunpowder;  Guns;  Military  art  and  science; 
Ordnance;  Projectiles 

Refer  from  Batrachia  (s) ;  Frogs;  Reptiles; 
Toads;  Vertebrates 

Refer  from  Architecture 


Refer  from  Surgery 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Charms;  Demon- 
ology;  Superstition;  Talismans  (s) ;  Witch- 
craft 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Parks 

Refer  from  Entertaining;  Entertainments; 
Ethics;  Games;  Manners  and  customs;  Pas- 
times (s) ;  Play;  Recreation  (s) ;  Relaxation  (s) ; 

Sports 


Refer  from  Baptists;  Germany  —  Religious 
history;  Mennonites;  Peasants'  war;  Refor- 
mation —  Germanv ;  Sects 


Refer  from  Literature;  Puzzles 

Refer  from  Logic;  Philosophy;  Rhetoric 


Analytical  chemistry  sec  Chemistry  —  Ana!\'- 

sis 
Anal>"tical  geometr\'  .we  Geometry,  Analytic 
Anarchism  and  anarchists 
Siee  also  Nihilism 


Anarchy  see  Anarchism  and  anarchists 
Anatomy 

See  also  Abdomen ;  Anatomy,  Artistic ; 
Anatomy,  Comparative;  Anthropometr}- ; 
Arm;  Autopsy;  Bones;  Chest;  Digestive 
system;  Dissection;  Ear;  Eye;  Foot; 
Glands;  Hand;  Head;  Histology;  Joints; 
Leg;  Morphology;  Mouth;  Muscles;  Nerv- 
ous system;  Nose;  Physiology;  Respiratory 
organs;  Skeleton;  Skin;  Surgery;  Teeth; 
Throat;  Urinary  organs;  Vascular  system; 
Vi\"isection  ;  also  names  of  organs,  bones,  etc. 

Artistic 

See  also  Animal  painting  and  illustra- 
tion; Expression;  Figure  drawing;  Figure 
painting;  Proportion  (art) 


Comparative 

See  also  Animal  locomotion;  Animal 
mechanics;  Man  —  Origin  and  antiquity; 
Morphology;  Skeleton;  Zoology;  also 
names  of  organs  and  members 

Anatomy  for  artists  see  Anatomy,  Artistic 
Anatomy  of  plants  see  Botany,  Structural 
Ancestor  worship 

See  also  Confucianism;  Shinto 

Ancestry  see  Genealogy;  Heredity 

Anchors 

Ancien  regime  see  France  —  History  —  Bour- 
bons 

Ancient  art  see  Art,  Ancient 

Ancient  geography  see  Geography,  Ancient 

Ancient  history  see  History,  Ancient 

Anecdotes 

See  also  Blunders;  Children  —  Anecdotes 
and  sayings  ;  Humor  ;  Indians  —  Anecdotes  ; 
Last  words  of  famous  people;  Table-talk; 
also  names  of  wars,  subhead  Anecdotes 

Legal 

Medical 

Musical 

Religious 


Anemometer 

See  also  Meteorological  instruments 

Aneroid  barometer  see  Barometer 
Anesthetics 

See     also     Chloroform;     Cocaine;     Kther 
(anesthetic) 


Refer  from  Anarchy  (s) ;  Assassination; 
Communism;  Crime  and  criminals;  Govern- 
ment; Liberty;  Nihilism;  Sociology 


Refer  from  Abdomen;  Arm;  Biology;  Body, 
Human  (s) ;  Bones;  Chest;  Digestive  system; 
Dissection;  Foot;  Glands;  Hand;  Head;  His- 
tology ;  Human  anatomy  (s) ;  Human  body  (s) ; 
Joints;  Leg;  Man;  Medicine;  Morphology; 
Muscles;  Nervous  system;  Organography  (s) ; 
Physiology;  Respiratory  organs;  Skeleton; 
Skin;  Surgery;  Urinary  organs;  Vascular 
system 


Refer  from  Anatomy;  Anatomy  for  artists  (s) ; 
Art;  Art  anatomy  (s) ;  Artistic  anatomy  (s) ; 
Drawing;  Expression;  Figure  drawing;  Figure 
painting;  Human  figure  in  art  (s) ;  Painting; 

Proportion  (art) ;  Sculpture 

Refer  from  Anatomy;  Animal  mechanics; 
Comparative  anatomy  (s) ;  Comparative  mor- 
phology (s) ;  Dissection;  Evolution;  Man 
—  Origin  and  antiquity;  Skeleton;  Zoology; 
Zootomy  (s) 


Refer  from  Confucianism;  Famih';  Parents; 
Shinto;  Worship 

Refer  from  Ships 


Refer  from  After-dinner  speeches;  Ana  (s) ; 
Biography;  Blunders;  Humor;  Illustrations 
(anecdotes)  (s) ;  Literature;  Table-talk 

Refer  from  Law;  Law)'ers;  Legal  anec- 
dotes (s) 

Refer  from  Medical  anecdotes  (s) ;  Medicine; 
Physicians  and  surgeons 

Refer  from  Music;  Music  —  Anecdotes  (s) ; 
Musical  anecdotes  (s) ;  Musicians 

Refer  from  Homiletical  illustrations  (s) ; 
Preaching;  Religious  anecdotes  (s) ;  Religious 
literature;  Sermons  —  Illustrative  helps  (s) 


Refer     from 
Winds 


Meteorological      inst  ru ments  ; 


Refer  from  Ana-sthesia  (s) ;  Chloroform; 
Cocaine;  Drugs;  Ether  (anesthetic);  Medi- 
cine; i'ain;  Surgcr)-;  Therajieutics 


Angels 

See  also  Demonology 
Anger 

See  also  Emotions 
Angles 

See  also  Geometry 
Anglican  church  see  Church  of  England 
Anglican  communion 

See   also    Church   of   England;    Protestant 
Episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S. 
Angling  see  Fishing 
Anglo-Boer  war  see  South  African  war,   1899- 

1902 
Anglo-Israelism 

See  also  Jews  —  Lost  tribes 
Anglo-Saxon  language 

-SV^     also     English     language;     Germanic 
languages 

Anglo-Saxon  literature 

See    also     Anglo-Saxon     poetr}- ;     English 
literature 

Anglo-Saxon  poetry 

See  also   Anglo-Saxon   literature;    English 
poetry 
Anglo-Saxons 

See   also   England  —  History  —  To    1066; 
Teutonic  race 

Angora  goats 

See  also  Goats 
Aniline  colors  see  Coal-tar  colors 
Animal    behavior   see   Animals  —  Habits    and 

behavior 
Animal  charcoal 

See  also  Bone  products 

Animal  chemistry  see  Physiological  chemistry 
Animal  coloration  see  Color  of  animals 
Animal     drawing    see    Animal     painting     and 

illustration 
Animal  dwellings  see  Animals  —  Habitations 
Animal  electricity  see  Electrophysiology 
Animal  experimentation 
See  also  Vi\iscclion 


Animal  fats  see  Oils  and  fats 
Animal  food 

See  also  Meat;  Vegetarianism 
Animal  heat 

See  also  Physiological  chemistry 

Animal  homes  see  Animals  —  Habitations 

Animal  industry  see  Domestic   animals;   Li\'e 
stock 

Animal  instinct  see  Instinct 

Animal  intelligence 

See  also  Animals  —  Habits  and  behavior; 
Automatism;  Instinct;  Psychology,  Com- 
parative 


Refer  from  Bible;  Heaven;  Theology 
Refer  from  Emotions;  Ethics 
Refer  from  Geometry 


Refer  from  Church  of  England;   Protestant 
Episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S. 


Refer  from  Jews;  Jews  —  Lost  tribes 

Refer  from  English  language;  English  lan- 
guage —  Old  English  (s) ;  Germanic  languages  ; 
Old  English  language  (s) ;  Saxon  language  (sj 

Refer  from  Anglo-Saxon  poetry;  English 
literature;  Middle  ages  —  Literature;  Old 
English  literature  (s) 

Refer  from  Anglo-Saxon  literature;  English 
poetry 

Refer  from  Civilization;  England  —  History 

—  To  1066;  Ethnology  —  England  ;  Ethnology 

—  U.  S. ;  Teutonic  race 

Refer  fro >n  Goats 


Refer  from   Bone  black   (s)  ;   Bone  products; 
Charcoal 


Animal  kingdom  see  Zoology 


Refer  from  Animals,  Experiments  on  (s) ; 
Animals  —  Treatment ;  Experiments  (s)  ;  Medi- 
cal research ;  Vivisection 


Refer  from  Diet;  Food;  Meat;  Vegetarianism 

Refer  from    Calorimeters    and    calorimctry; 
Heat;  Physiological  chemistry;  Temperature 


Refer  from  Animal  psychology  (s) ;  Animals 
—  Habits  and  behavior;  Animals  —  Stories; 
Instinct;  Intellect;  Intelligence  of  animals  (s) ; 
Mind  in  animals  (s) ;  Ps_\'chology ;  Psychology, 
Comparati\e  ;  Reason;  Soul 


13 


Animal  locomotion 

Sfe     also     Animal      mechanics;      Flight; 
Muscles;      Running;      Speed;      Swimming; 
Walking 
Animal  lore  [including  legends] 

St'e  also  Animal  worship;  Animals,  Mythi- 
cal ;  Animals  —  Stories  ;  Bestiaries ;  Dragons  ; 
Fables;  Folklore;  Natural  history;  Nature 
myths;  Vampires;  Werwolves 


Animal  magnetism 

Si'e  also   Clairvoyance;   H\'pnotism;    Sug- 
gestion 

Animal  mechanics 

See  also  Anatomj',    Comparative;  Animal 

locomotion;  Flight 
Animal   mythology  see  Animal   lore;   Animals, 

Mythical 
Animal  oils  see  Oils  and  fats 
Animal  painting  and  illustration 

Animal  parasites  see  Parasites 

Animal      photography      see      Photography  — 

Animals 
Animal  pictures  see  Animals  — •  Pictures 
Animal  products 

See     also     Bone     products ;      Chemistr\', 

Technical;     Commercial     products;     Dairy 

products;    Eggs;    Feathers;    Fur;    Gelatin; 

Glue;    Hides    and    skins;    Ivory;    Leather; 

Meat;  Oils  and  fats;  Silk;  Wool 
Animal    psychology    see    Animal    intelligence; 

Psychology,  Comparative 
Animal  speech  see  Animals  —  Language 
Animal  stories  see  Animals  —  Stories 
Animal  worship 

See    also    Serpent    worship;    Totems    and 

totemism 


Microscope    and    mi- 
ind    non-systematic 


Animalcules 

See    also    Infusoria. 
croscopy;  Protozoa 
Animals   [for   descriptive 
material] 

See  also  Birds  ;  Color  of  animals  ;  Domestic 
animals;  Hunting;  Insects;  Instinct;  Ale- 
nageries ;  Mimicry(biology) ;  Natural  history  ; 
Nature  study;  Pets;  Play;  Taxidermy; 
Vivariums;  Zoological  gardens;  Zoology, 
and  references  under  that  subject;  also 
headings  beginning  Animal,  and  names  of 
animals 

Behavior,    see    Animals  —  Habits    and 

behavior 

Breeding,  see  Breeding 

Coloration,  see  Color  of  animals 

Cruelty  to,  see  Animals  —  Treatment 

Diseases 

See   also    Cattle  —  Diseases  ;    Domestic 
animals;   Parasites;   Tuberculosis   in    ani- 
mals; Veterinary  medicine 
Domestic,  see  Domestic  animals 


Refer  from  Anatomy,  Comparative;  Animal 
mechanics;  Flight;  Locomotion;  Motion; 
Movements  of  animals  (s) 

Refer  from  Animal  mythology  (s) ;  Animals 
—  Folklore  (s) ;  Animals  —  Legends  (s) ;  Ani- 
mals, Mythical;  Animals  —  Stories;  Animals 
in  folklore  (s) ;  Bestiaries;  Dragons;  Fables; 
Folklore;  Folklore  of  animals  (s) ;  Imaginary 
animals  (s) ;  Legends;  Nature  myths ;  Zoolog- 
ical mythology  (s) 

Refer  from  Biomagnetism  (s) ;  Clairvoyance; 
Hypnotism;  Magnetism;  Mental  healing; 
Mesmerism  (s) ;  Psychical  research;  Suggestion 


Refer   from    Anatomy,    Comparative; 
mal  locomotion;  Flight;  Mechanics 


Ani- 


Refer     from      Anatomy,      Artistic; 
drawing  (s) ;  Art;  Drawing;  Painting 


Animal 


Refer  from  Bone  products;  Chemistry, 
Technical ;  Commercial  products ;  Zoology, 
Economic 


Refer  from  Animal  lore;  Animals,  Worship 
of  (s) ;  Mythology;  Nature  worship;  Totems 
and  totemism ;  Worship 

Refer  from  Micro-organisms  (s) ;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Beasts  (s) ;  Natural  histor>-; 
Nature;  Nature  study;  Quadrupeds;  Wild 
animals  (s) ;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Diseases  of  Animals   (s) ;  Veteri- 
nary medicine 


14 


Animals  —  Continued 

Experiments  on,  see  Animal  experimenta- 
tion 

Extinct 

See  also  Paleontology 

Fictitious,  see  Animals,  Mythical 

Folklore,  see  Animal  lore 

Fossil,  see  Paleontology 

Geographic  distribution,  see  Geographical 

distribution  of  animals  and  plants 

Habitations 

See  also  Nests 

Habits  and  behavior 

See  also  Animal  intelligence;  Animals  — 
Stories;  Hibernation;  Instinct;  Irrita- 
bility; Mimicry  (biology);  Nature  study; 
Orientation;  also  names  of  animals 

Imaginary,  see  Animals,  Mythical 

Irritability,  see  Irritability 

Language 

Legends,     see    Animal     lore;     Animals  — 

Stories 
Migration 

See  also  Birds  —  Migration  ;  Geograph- 
ical distribution  of  animals  and  plants 


-Mythical 

See    also    Animal    lore;    Dragons: 
serpents;  Vampires;  Werwolves 


Sea 


-Orientation,  see  Orientation 

-Photography,      see      Photography  —  Ani- 
mals 

-Pictures 

See  also  Photography  —  Animals 

-Protection,      see      Animals  —  Treatment; 
Game  laws;  Game  protection 

-Stories 

See  also  Animal  intelligence;  Animal 
lore;  Animals  —  Habits  and  behavior; 
Fables;  Nature  study;  also  names  of 
animals,  e.g.  Birds  —  Stories;  Dogs  — 
Stories 
-Training 

See  also  Domestication;  Horse  training 

-Transportation 


-Treatment 

See  also  Animal  experimentation;  Ani- 
mals—  Transportation;  Clieckrcins;  Hu- 
mane societies;  Vivisection 


-Useful  and  harmful,  see  Domestic  animals; 

Zoology,  Economic 
-Worship  of,  see  Animal  worship 


Refer  from  Extinct  animals  (s) ;  Paleontology 


Refer  from  Animal  dwellings  (s) ;  Animal 
homes  (s) ;  Habitations  of  animals  (s) ;  Nests 

Refer  from  Animal  behavior  (s) ;  Animal 
intelligence;  Animals —  Behavior  (s) ;  Ani- 
mals ^  Stories  ;  Habits  of  animals  (s) ;  Hi- 
bernation; Instinct;  Mimicry  (biology);  Na- 
ture study 


Refer  from  Animal  speech  (s) ;  Language  of 
animals  (s) ;  Speech;  Speech  of  animals  (s) 


Refer  from  Birds  —  Migration;  Geographi- 
cal distribution  of  animals  and  plants;  Migra- 
tion of  animals  (s) 

Refer  from  Animal  lore;  Animal  mytholo- 
gy (s) ;  Animals,  Fictitious  (s) ;  Animals,  Im- 
aginary (s) ;  Dragons;  Imaginary  animals  (s) ; 
Mythical  animals  (s) ;  Mythology;  Sea  ser- 
pents; Vampires;  Werwolves;  Zoological 
mythology  (s) 


Refer  from  Animal  pictures  (s) ;  Pictures 


Refer  from  Animal  lore;  Animal  stories  (s) 
Animals  —  Habits  and  behavior;  Animals  — 
Legends  (s) ;  Nature  study 


Refer  from  Animals  in  captivity  (s) ;  Circus; 
Domestication;  Training 

Refer  from  Animals  —  Treatment;  Cattle  — 
Transportation  (s) ;  Live  stock  —  Transporta- 
tion (s) ;  Transportation;  Transportation  of 
animals  (s) 

Refer  from  Animals,  Cruelty  to  (s) ;  Animals 
—  Protection  (s) ;  Brutes  (s) ;  Cruelty;  Domes- 
tic animals;  Ethics;  Humane  societies;  Kind- 
ness to  animals  (s) ;  Prevention  of  cruelty  to 
animals  (s) ;  Treatment  of  animals  (s) 


IS 


Animals  in  captivity  see  Animals  - —  Training; 

Menageries ;  Zoological  gardens 
Animals  in  folklore  see  Animal  lore 

Animals  in  poetry  Refer  from  Poetry;  Poetry  of  animals  (s) 

Animation,   Suspended,  see  Suspended  anima- 
tion 
Animatograph  see  Moving  pictures 
Animism 

See    also    Fetishism;    Idealism;    Material-  Refer     from      Fetishism;      Folklore;      Life- 

ism;    Serpent    worship;    Soul;    Spiritualism;        Materialism  ;  Soul ;  Tree  worship 
Transmigration;  Tree  worship 
Annals  see  Chronology,  Historical ;  History 
Annealing 

See  also  Glass;  Iron;  Steel  Refer  from    Glass;    Iron;    Metals;    Pottery" 

Steel 
Annexations  see  names  of  countries  and  cities, 

subhead  Annexations 
Annihilation 

See  also  Future  life  Refer  from  Future  life;  l^heology 

Anniversaries 

See   also    Birthdays;    Holidays;    Wedding  Refer    from     Birthdays;     Celebrations     (s) ; 

anniversaries  Holidays 

Annuals  [enter  here  only  the  old-fashioned  gift 
books] 
See  also  Almanacs;  Yearbooks  Refer  from  Yearbooks 

Annuals  (plants) 

See  also  Botan\-;  Floriculture  Refer  from  Botan)-;  Floriculture;  Plants 

Annuities 

See  also  Insurance,  Life;  Pensions  Refer  from    Insurance,    Life;    Investments; 

Pensions;  Probabilities 
Anointing  see  L'nction 
Anonyms 

See  also  Pseudonyms  Refer  from  Authors;  Bibliography;  Pseudo- 

nyms 
Ant  see  Ants 

Antarctic  expeditions  see  Antarctic  regions 
Antarctic  regions 

See  also  Scientific  expeditions  ;  South  pole;  Refer  from  Antarctic  expeditions  (s) ;  Arctic 

Voyages  and  travels  regions;  Discoveries  and  explorations;  Earth; 

Geography;  Polar  regions  (s) ;  Scientific  expe- 


Ante-Xicene  fathers  see  Fathers  of  the  church 
Anthems 

See  also  Chants;  Church  music;  Hymns  Refer  from  Chants;  Choruses  and  part  songs; 


ditions;  South  pole;  Voyages  and  traveis 

Refer  from  Chants;  Choruse 
Church  music;  Music;  Songs 


Anthologies     see     Poetry  —  Collections;     also, 

e.g.,  English  poetry  —  Collections 
Anthracite  coal  see  Coal 

Anthracite  coal  Strike,  1902  Refer  from   Coal   mines   and   mining;   Labor 

and  laboring  classes  —  Pennsylvania;   Strikes 
and  lockouts 
Anthropogeography 

See    also    Acclimatization;    Environment;  Refer  from  Acclimatization;   Anthropology; 

Migration  of  nations  Commercial    geograph)';    Environment;    Eth- 

nology; Geographical  distribution  of  men  (s) ; 
Geography;   Geography,    Social    (s)  ;    History; 
Immigration  and  emigration;  Man;  Migration 
of  nations 
Anthropology 

See     also     Anthropogeography;     Anthro-  Refer  from   Archaeology;  Civilization;  Eth- 

pomctry  ;  Archaeology  ;  Ca\e  dwellers  ;  Civi-  nolog)- ;  Evolution;  History;  Human  race  (s) ; 
lization;  Cliff  dwellers  and  cliff  dwellings;  Man;  Alan  —  Natural  history  (s) ;  Migration 
Color  of  man;  Crime  and  criminals;  Degen-  of  nations;  Natural  history;  Race  characteris- 
eration;     Environment;     Etlinology;     Eth-       tics  (s) ;  Science;  Sociology 


nopsychology ;    Eugenics;    E\olution;    Lake 
dwellers     and     lake     dwellings;     Language; 


16 


Man;   Manners  and  customs;   Migration  of 
nations;    Skeleton;    Society,    Primiti\e;  So- 
ciology; Tribes  and  tribal  s>-steni ;  Women; 
a/so  names  of  races,  tribes,  etc. 
Anthropometry 

See  also   Bertillon  system;   Finger  prints; 
Identification;  Psychometry 


Anthropophagy  see  Cannibalism 

Antichrist 

Anti-corrosive    paint    see    Corrosion  and  anti- 
corrosives 
Antidotes  see  Poisons;  also  names  of  poisons 
Anti-imperialism  see  Imperialism 
Anti-masonry  see  Freemasons 
Antinomianism 


Antiquarian  societies 

See  also  Historical  societies 

Antiquarians  see  Archaeologists 
Antiques 


-Forged 

See  also  Art  forgeries 


Antiquities    see    Archaeology;    also    names    of 
countries,  cities,  etc.,  subhead  Antiquities 

Antiquity  of  man  see  Man  —  Origin  and  an- 
tiquity 

Anti-reformation  see  Counter-reformation 

Anti-Semifism  see  Jews  —  Political  and  social 
conditions 

Antiseptics 

See    also    Disinfection    and    disinfectants; 
Putrefaction 

Antislavery  see  Slavery 
Antitoxins 

See  also  Immunity;  Serum  therapy 


Antlers  see  Horns 

Antonyms  see  Synonyms  and  antonyms 

Ants 

See  also  Hymenoptera 
Anxiety  see  Fear;  Worry 
Apache  Indians 
Apartment  houses 

See  also  Lodging  houses;  Tenement  houses 


Ape  see  Apes 
Apes 

See  also  Gorillas;  Monkeys;  Primates 

Aphasia 

Aphididac  see  Plant  lice 

Aphorisms  see  Epigrams;  Maxims;  Proverbs; 

Quotations;  Table-talk 
Apiaries  see  Bees 
Apiculture  see  Bees 


Refer  from  Anatomy;  Anthropology;  Ber- 
tillon system  ;  Crime  and  criminals  ;  F".thnolog\- ; 
Human  body  (s) ;  Identification;  Alan;  School 
children 

Refer  from  Jesus  Christ;  Theology 


Refer  from  Calvinism;  Congregationalism; 
Massachusetts  —  Religious  history;  Mosaic 
law;  Theology 

Refer froyn  Archaeology;  Historical  societies; 
Societies 

Refer  from  Art;  Collectors  and  collecting; 
Furniture 

Refer  from  Art  forgeries;  Counterfeits; 
Forgeries  (s) ;  Forgery  of  antiques  (s) ;  Fraud; 
Imposture;  Swindlers  and  swindling 


Refer  from  Disinfection  and  disinfectants; 
Medicine;  Putrefaction;  Surger}-;  Therapeu- 
tics 


Refer  from  Diphtheria;  Drugs;  Immunit}'; 
Physiological  chemistry;  Poisons;  Serum 
therapy;  Tetanus;  Therapeutics;  Toxins 


Refer  from  Ant  (s) ;  Ih'mcnoptera 

Refer  from  Indians 

Refer  from  Architecture,  Domestic;  Flats 
(s) ;  Home  economics;  Hotels;  Housing  prob- 
lem; Landlord  and  tenant;  Tenement  houses 


Refer   from    Ape    (s) ;    Gorillas;    Monkeys: 
Primates 

Refer  from  Brain;  Menial  diseases;  Speech 


17 


Apocalypse    see    Bible  —  New    Testament  — 
Revelation 

Apocalyptic  literature 

See  also  Bible  —  New  Testament  —  Rev- 
elation ;  Revelation 

Apocrypha     see     Bible  —  Old      Testament  — 
Apocrypha 

Apocryphal  books  (New  Testament)  see  Bible 
—  New  Testament  —  Apocryphal  books 

Apologetics  see  Christianity  —  Evidences 

Apoplexy 

Apostles 

See  also  Bible  —  New  Testament ;  Church 
history  —  Early  church  —  Apostolic;  Saints 


Apostles'  creed 


Apostolic  canons 

See  also  Apostolic  constitutions 


Apostolic  church  see  Church   history  —  Early 

church  —  Apostolic 
Apostolic  constitutions 

See  also  Apostolic  canons 


Apostolic  fathers 

See  also  Church  history  —  Early  church 
—  Apostolic;  Fathers  of  the  church 

Apostolic  succession 

See  also  Bishops;  Catholic  church  — 
Clergy;  Church  of  England — Clergy;  Epis- 
copacy; Popes 


Apothecaries  see  Pharmacists 

Apothegms  see  Epigrams;  Maxims;  Proverbs; 

Quotations;  Table-talk 
Apparatus  see  Instruments 
Apparitions 

See   also    Demonology ;    Ghosts;    Illusions 

and      hallucinations;      Psychical      research; 

Spiritualism 


Appeal 
Appendicitis 

Apperception 

See   also   Attention;    Knowledge;   Percep- 
tion; Psychology;  Psychology,  Educational 
Apple 

See  also  Cider;  Fruit 
Apples  see  Apple 
Applied  mechanics  see  Mechanical  engineering; 

Mechanics,  Applied 
Applied  science  see  Technology 


Refer  from    Bible  —  New   Testament 
Revelation;  Prophecies;  Revelation 


Refer  from  Brain;  Cerebral  hemorrhage  (s) ; 
Medicine  —  Practice;  Paralysis 

Refer  from  Bible;  Bible  —  New  Testament; 
Christian  biography;  Christianity;  Church 
history  —  Early  church  —  Apostolic;  Evan- 
gelists (s) ;  Jesus  Christ;  Saints;  Theology 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  —  Catechisms 
and  creeds;  Church  of  England  —  Catechisms 
and  creeds ;  Creeds 

Refer  from  Apostolic  constitutions;  Canons, 
Apostolic  (s) ;  Church  law;  Fathers  of  the 
church;  Theology 


Refer  from  Apostolic  canons;  Bible  —  New 
Testament  —  Apocryphal  books;  Church  law; 
Constitutions,  Apostolic  (s) ;  Fathers  of  the 
church ;  Theology 

Refer  from  Christian  biography;  Church 
history  —  Early  church  —  Apostolic;  Fathers 
of  the  church 

Refer  from  Bishops;  Catholic  church; 
Catholic  church  —  Clergy;  Church  history; 
Church  of  England;  Church  of  England  — 
Clergy;  Church  polity;  Episcopacy;  Popes; 
Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S  ; 
Theology 


Refer  from  Demonology;  Dreams;  Ghosts; 
Illusions  and  hallucinations;  Phantoms  (s) ; 
Psychical  research;  Psychology;  Specters  (s) ; 
Spectres  (s) ;  Spirits  (s) ;  Spiritualism;  Super- 
natural; Superstition;  Visions  (s) 

Refer  from  Courts;  Law;  Pleading  and 
practice 

Refer  from  Intestines;  Medicine  —  Practice; 
Surgery 


Refer   from    Knowledge; 
chology,  Educational 


Perception  ;    Ps)- 


Refer  from  Apples  (s) ;  Fruit 


i8 


Appraisal  of  books  see  Book  reviews;  Books 
and  reading;  Books  and  reading — Best 
books;  Criticism;  Literature  —  History  and 
criticism 

Appraising 

iiee  also  Administrators  and  executors; 
Arbitration  and  award;  Damages;  Eminent 
domain;  Insurance;  Taxation 

Appreciation  of  art  see  Art  —  Appreciation 

Appreciation  of  music  see  Music  —  Apprecia- 
tion 

Apprentices 


April  fools'  day 

Aquariums 

Hec  also  Fresii-water  fauna  ;  Water  gardens 


Aquatic      animals      see      Fresh-water      fauna; 

Marine  zoology 
Aquatic  birds  see  Water  birds 
Aquatic  gardening  see  Water  gardens 
Aquatic  insects  see  Insects,  Aquatic 
Aquatic     life     see     Fresh-water    life;     Marine 

biology 
Aquatic  plants 

See   also   Algs;   Fresh-water  life;   Marine 

biology;  Water  gardens 


Aquatic  sports 

See  also   Boats  and  boating;  Canoes  and 
canoeing;  Fishing;  Rowing;  Sailing;  Sports; 
Swimming;  Yachts  and  yachting 
Aqueducts 

See  also  Civil  engineering 

Arabesques 

See  also  Decoration  and  ornament 
Arabic  language 

See     also     Inscriptions,     Arabic;     Manu- 
scripts, y\rabic;  Semitic  languages 
Arabic  literature 

See  also  Arabic  poetry;  Oriental  literature 

Arabic  numerals  see  Numerals 
Arabic  poetry 

See  also  Arabic  literature 
Arabs 

See  also  Algeria;  Arabia;  Bedouins;  Mo- 
hammedanism;   Moors;    Saracens;    Semitic 
race 
Arabs  in  Spain  see  Moors  in  Spain 
Arachnida 

See  also  Arthropoda;  Spiders 
Arbitrage  see  Stock  exchange 
Arbitration,    Industrial,    see    Arbitration    and 

conciliation,  Industrial 
Arbitration,  International 

See     also      Disarmament;      International 
law;  Peace;  War 


R-fer  from  Arbitration  and  award;  Damages; 
Law;  Properly;  Taxation 


Refer  from  Boys;  Child  labor;  Economics; 
Indentured  servants;  Industrial  education; 
Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Master  and  ser- 
vant; Technical  education 

Refer  from  All  fools'  day  (s) ;  Days;  Manners 
and  customs 

Refer  from  Fish;  Fresh-water  fauna;  Marine 
zoology;  Natural  history;  Vivariums;  Water 
gardens;  Zoology 


Re^er  from  Algae;  Botany;  Fresh-water 
flora  (s) ;  Fresh-water  life;  Marine  biology; 
Marine  botany  (s) ;  Marine  flora  (s) ;  Marine 
plants  (s) ;  Plants;  Plants,  Aquatic  (s) ;  Sea 
plants  (s) ;  Water  gardens;  Water  plants  (s) 

Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Rowing; 
Sailing;  Sports;  Swimming;  Water  sports  (s) ; 
Yachts  and  yachting 

Refer  from  Canals;  Civil  engineering;  Con- 
duits (s) ;  Engineering;  Hydraulic  engineering; 

Water  supply 

Refer  from  Decoration  and  ornament 

Refer  from  Semitic  languages 


Refer  from  Arabic  poetry;  Oriental  literature  ; 
Turkish  literature 


Refer  from  Arabic  literature 

Ri'fer  from  Algeria;  Arabia;  Bedouins; 
Mohammedanism;  Moors;  Saracens;  Semitic 
race 


Refer  from  Arthropoda;  Spiders 


Refer  from  Arbitration  and  award;  Dis- 
armament; International  arbitration  (s) ;  Inter- 
national law;  International  relations;  Peace; 
Treaties ;  War 


19 


Arbitration  and  award 

See   also    Arbitration,    International;    Ap-  ^/"/ir/rowz  Appraising;  Awards  (s) ;  Damages; 

praising;  Damages;  Eminent  domain  Law 

Arbitration  and  conciliation,  Industrial 

Sre    also    Labor    and    capital;    Labor 


ex- 
es     and      lockouts;      Trade 


changes;      Strik 
agreements 


Arbor  day 

See  also  Tree  planting 

Arboriculture  see  Forests  and   forestry  ;   Fruit 

culture;  Tree  planting;  Trees 
Arc,  Electric,  see  Electric  arc 
Arc  lamps  see  Electric  lamps 
Arc   light   see   Electric   lighting;    also   Electric 

arc 
Arcades 
Arch  see  Arches 
Archaean  period  see  Geology,  Stratigraphic  — 

Archaean 
Archaeologists 

See  also  Historians 


Archaeology 

See  also  Amulets;  Anthropology;  Anti- 
quarian societies;  Architecture,  Ancient; 
Arms  and  armor;  Arrowheads  ;  Art,  Ancient ; 
Art,  Primitive;  Baths  and  bathing;  Bells; 
Bible  —  Antiquities;  Brasses;  Bronze  age; 
Bronzes;  Burial;  Castles;  Catacombs;  Cave 
dwellers;  Caves;  Cemeteries;  Chariots; 
Christian  antiquities;  Christian  art  and 
symbolism;  Civilization;  Classical  anti- 
quities; Cliff  dwellers  and  cliff  dwellings; 
Copper  age;  Costume;  Cromlechs;  Cross; 
Earthworks  (archaeology);  Epitaphs;  Eth- 
nology; Folklore;  Funeral  rites  and  cere- 
monies; Gems;  Heraldry;  History;  History, 
Ancient;  Indians  —  Antiquities;  Industries, 
Primitive;  Inscriptions;  Iron  age;  Kitchen 
middens;  Lake  dwellers  and  lake  dwellings; 
Man  —  Origin  and  antiquity ;  Manners  and 
customs;  Medals  ;  Middle  ages  ;  Monuments  ; 
Mounds  and  mound  builders;  Mummies; 
Mythology;  Numismatics;  Obelisks;  Paint- 
ing; Picture  writing;  Pottery;  Pyramids; 
Round  towers;  Sculpture;  Seals  (numis- 
matics); Stone  age;  Stone  implements; 
Sundials;  Temples;  Tombs;  also  names  of 
countries,  cities,  etc.,  subhead  Antiquities 
Archbishops 

Sre     also     Bishops ;     Catholic     church  — 
Clergy;  Church  of  England  —  Clergy 


Archegony  see  Spontaneous  generation 
Archery 

See  also  Bow  and  arrow 


Refer  from  Arbitration,  Industrial  (s) ; 
Commercial  law;  Conciliation,  Industrial  (s)  ; 
Industrial  arbitration  (s) ;  Industrial  concilia- 
tion (s) ;  Labor  and  capital;  Labor  and  labor- 
ing classes  ;  Labor  unions  ;  Strikes  and  lockouts ; 
Trade  agreements 


Refer  from  Forests  and  forestry; 
Tree  planting;  Trees 


Refer  fro 7n  Architecture 


Holidays; 


Refer    fro? 
Historians 


Antiquarians    (s) ;    Biography; 


Refer  from  Anthropology;  Antiquities  (s)  ; 
Architecture;  Architecture,  Ancient;  Art; 
Art,  Ancient;  Art,  Primitive;  Bronze  age; 
Cave  dwellers;  Civilization;  Classical  antiqui- 
ties; Cliff  dwellers  and  cliff  dwellings;  Copper 
age;  Earthworks  (archaeology);  Ethnology; 
Excavations  (s) ;  History;  History,  Ancient; 
Industries,  Primitive;  Iron  age;  Lake  dwellers 
and  lake  dwellings;  Man;  Man  —  Origin  and 
antiquity;  Manners  and  customs;  Monu- 
ments; Mythology;  Prehistoric  archaeology 
(s) ;  Ruins  (s) ;  Stone  age 


Rrfrr  from  Bishops;  Catholic  church  — 
Biography;  Catholic  church  —  Clerg\' ;  Chris- 
tian biography;  Church  of  England  —  Biog- 
raphy; Church  of  England  —  Clergy;  Episco- 
pacy 


Refer  from  Bow  and  arrow;  Militar\-  art  and 
science;  Shooting;  Sports 


Arches 

See  also  Arches  of  triumph;  Architecture; 
Bridges;  Building;  Culverts;  Strains  and 
stresses;  Vaulting 

Arches  of  triumph 

Architects 

Architectural  acoustics  see  Acoustics  of  build- 
ings 
Architectural  design 

See  also  Architectural  drawing 


Architectural    details  see    Architecture  —  De- 
tails 
Architectural  drawing 

See  also   Architectural    design;    Architec- 
ture—  Details;     Blue   prints;     Mechanical 
drawing 
Architectural  gardening  see  Landscape  garden- 
ing 
Architecture 

See  also  Acoustics  of  buildings;  Amphi- 
theaters; Arcades;  Archaeology;  Arches; 
Arches  of  triumph  ;  Architects  ;  Architectural 
design;  Architectural  drawing;  Art;  Barns 
and  stables;  Basilicas;  Baths,  Public; 
Bridges;  Building;  Building  materials; 
Carpentry;  Castles;  Cathedrals;  Ceilings; 
Chimneys;  Christian  art  and  symbolism; 
Church  architecture;  Columns;  Concrete 
construction;  Cornices;  Decoration  and 
ornament;  Domes;  Doors;  Factories;  Farm 
buildings;  Fences;  Fireplaces;  Fireproof 
construction;  Floors;  Foundations;  Foun- 
tains ;  Gables ;  Garages  ;  Gates  ;  Grain  eleva- 
tors ;  Greenhouses;  Grilles;  Heating;  High 
buildings;  Hospitals;  Hotels;  House  paint- 
ing; Library  architecture;  Machine  shops; 
Masonry;  Metal  work;  Military  archi- 
tecture; Mills  and  millwork;  Moldings; 
Mosques;  Municipal  art;  Municipal  centers; 
Mural  painting  and  decoration;  Obelisks; 
Orders  of  architecture;  Orientation  (archi- 
tecture) ;  Packing  houses  ;  Palaces  ;  Pergolas  ; 
Plumbing;  Portable  buildings;  Proportion 
(art) ;  Public  buildings ;  Pyramids  ;  Railings ; 
Railroads  —  Buildings;  Railroads  —  Sta- 
tions; Roofs;  Sanitary  engineering;  School- 
houses;  Secret  chambers;  Spires;  Stair 
building;  Steel  construction;  Strains  and 
stresses;  Strength  of  materials;  Temples; 
Theaters;  Tombs;  Towers;  Trusses;  Vault- 
ing; Vaults;  Ventilation;  Walls;  Warehous- 
es; Windows;  Woodwork;  also  names  of 
cities,  subhead  Architecture 

Ancient 

See  also  Archaeology;  Architecture, 
Greek;  Cliff  dwellers  and  cliff  dwellings; 
Lake  dwellers  and  lake  dwellings;  Pyra- 
mids; Temples 

Colonial 

See  also  Architecture,  American;  also 
names  of  states  and  cities,  subhead  His- 
toric houses,  etc. 


Refer  from  Arch  (s) ;  Architecture;  Bridges; 
Building;  Civil  engineering;  Engineering; 
Masonry;  Roofs;  Strains  and  stresses;  Vault- 
ing 

Refer  from  Arches;  Architecture;  Monu- 
ments; Triumphal  arches  (s) 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Artists;  Biography 


Refer  from  Architectural  drawing;  Archi- 
tecture; Decoration  and  ornament;  Design, 
Architectural  (s) ;  Design,  Decorative 


Refer  from  Architectural  design;  Archi- 
tecture; Drawing;  House  plans  (s) ;  Mechani- 
cal drawing;  Plans  (architecture)  (s) 


Refer  from  Acoustics  of  buildings;  Amphi- 
theaters; Arches;  Art;  Basilicas;  Building; 
Castles;  Church  architecture;  Columns;  Con- 
struction (s) ;  Cornices;  Decoration  and  orna- 
ment; Domes;  Doors;  Engineering;  Industrial 
arts;  Moldings;  Palaces;  Pergolas;  Roofs; 
Strength  of  materials;  Towers;  Vaulting; 
Windows 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Art,  Ancient 


Refer  from  Architecture,  American;  Colonial 
architecture  (s) ;  Colonial  life  and  customs 


Architecture  —  Continued 
Details 

Domestic 

See  also  Apartment  houses;  Bungalows; 
Cottages;  Country  houses;  Farm  build- 
ings;  Fireplaces ;  Heating;  House  decora- 
tion; House  painting;  Housing  problem; 
Log  cabins;  Plumbing;  Tenement  houses 


-Ecclesiastical,  see  Church  architecture 
-Gothic 

See  also  Cathedrals  ;  Church  architecture 


-Greek 

See  also  Orders  of  architecture  ;  Temples 

-Medieval 

See  also  Castles;  Cathedrals,  and  other 
references  under  Architecture 

-Military,  see  Fortification;  Military  archi- 
tecture 

-Mohammedan 

See  also  Alhambra  ;  Mosques 


Moorish,  see  Architecture,  Mohammedan 

Naval,  see  Shipbuilding 

Oriental 

See    also    Architecture,    Mohammedan; 
Mosques;  Taj  Mahal;  Temples 
Renaissance 

See  also  Art,  Renaissance 

Rural,  see  Architecture,  Domestic;  Bunga- 
lows; Cottages;  Country  houses;  Farm 
buildings 
Archives 

See    also    Charters;     Manuscripts;     Pale- 
ography; Vital  records;  also  names  of  coun- 
tries, subhead  Archives 
Arctic  expeditions  see  Arctic  regions 
Arctic  flora  see  Botany  —  Arctic  regions 
Arctic  regions 

See  also  Antarctic  regions;  Eskimos;  Ice- 
bergs;    North     pole;     Northeast     passage; 
Northwest    passage;    Scientific   expeditions; 
Voyages  and  travels;  also  names  of  exploring 
expeditions 
Areometer  see  Hydrometer 
Argon 
Argonauts 

See  also  Mythology,  Classical 

Argot  see  Slang 

Argument  see  Debating;  Logic 

Arianism 

See  also  Church   history  —  Early  church; 

Jesus        Christ  —  Divinil)';        Socinianism; 

Trinity;  Unitarianism 

Arid  farming  see  Dry  farming 


Refer  from  Architectural  details  (s) ;  Archi- 
tural  drawing;  Details,  Architectural  (s) 

Refer  from  Architecture,  Rural  (s) ;  Cottages; 
Country  houses;  Domestic  architecture  (s) ; 
Dwellings  (s) ;  Farm  buildings;  Farm  houses 
(s) ;  Fireplaces;  Habitations,  Human  (s) ; 
House  plans  (s) ;  Houses  (s) ;  Plans  (architec- 
ture) (s) ;  Residences  (s) ;  Rural  architecture 
(s) ;  Suburban  houses  (s) ;  Summer  cottages  (s) ; 
Tenement  houses;  Villas  (s) 


Refer  from  Cathedrals;  Christian  antiqui- 
ties; Church  architecture;  Gothic  architecture 
(s) ;  Pointed  architecture  (s) 

Refer  from  Architecture,  Ancient;  Greek 
architecture  (s) ;  Orders  of  architecture 


Refer     from      Medieval      architecture 
Middle  ages  —  Architecture  (s) 


(s); 


Refer  from  Architecture,  Moorish  (s) ; 
Architecture,  Oriental;  Mohammedan  archi- 
tecture (s) ;  Moorish  architecture  (s) ;  Mosques 


Refer  from    Mosques;   Oriental   architecture 
(s) ;  Temples 

Refer  from   Art,    Renaissance;   Renaissance; 
Renaissance  architecture  (s) 


Refer  from  Bibliography;  Charters;  Docu- 
ments (s) ;  History  —  Sources;  Manuscripts; 
Public  records  (s) ;  Records,  Public  (s) 


Refer  from  Arctic  expeditions  (s) ;  Discover- 
ies and  explorations;  Earth;  Eskimos;  Geogra- 
phy; Ice;  Icebergs;  North  pole;  Northeast 
passage;  Northwest  passage;  Polar  regions  (s) ; 
Scientific  expeditions;  Voyages  and  travels 

Refer  from  Air;  Chemical  elements;  Gases 

Refer  from  Golden  fleece  (s) ;  Mythology, 
Classical 


Refer  from  Church  history  —  Early  church; 
Humanitarianism  (theology)  (s) ;  Jesus  Christ 
—  Divinity;  Socinianism;  Trinity;  Unita- 
rianism 


Aristocracy 

See  also  Democracy;  Government;  Oli- 
garchy; Peerage 

Arithmetic 

St-e  also  Calculating  machines;  Decimal 
system;  Interest;  Mathematical  instru- 
ments; Mathematics;  Mensuration;  Metric 
system;  Notation  (mathematics),  Numbers; 
Numerals;  Ready-reckoners 

Commercial 

See     also     Accounting;      Bookkeeping; 
Calculating    machines;    Interest;    Ready- 
reckoners 
Arithmetical     instruments     see    Mathematical 

instruments 
Arm 

See  also  Anatomy;  Artificial  limbs 
Armada,  1588 

See  also  England  —  History  —  Elizabe- 
than period;  England  —  Histor)%  Naval; 
Spain  —  History —  1479-1700;  Spain  — 
History,  Naval 
Armaments  see  Armies ;  Disarmament ;  Navies  ; 
also  names  of  countries,  subheads  Army  and 
Navy 
Armatures 

See  also  Commutators;  Dynamos;  Elec- 
tromagnets 


Armenian  language 

See  also  Aryan  languages;  Oriental 
languages 

Armies 

See  also  Army  life;  Disarmament;  Mer- 
cenary troops;  Militarism;  Military  art  and 
science;  Military  hygiene;  Military  maneu- 
vers; Military  service;  Militia;  Navies; 
Recruiting  and  enlistment;  Soldiers;  War; 
also  names  of  countries,  subhead  Army 

Arminianism 

Armor  see  Arms  and  armor 
Armor  plate 

See  also  Armored  vessels;  Coast  defense; 
Nickel  steel 

Armored  concrete  see  Concrete,  Reinforced 
Armored  vessels 

See  also  Armor  plate;  Navies;  Warships 


Armories 

See  also  Arsenals;  Military  architecture 

Arms  (anatomy)  see  Arm 

Arms,  Coats  of,  see  Heraldry 

Arms  and  armor 

See  also  Artillery  ;  Bayonets  ;  Boomerangs  ; 
Bow  and  arrow;  Firearms;  Guns;  Helmets; 
Indians  —  Implements  and  weapons;  Ord- 
nance; Pistols;  Rifles;  Swords;  Throwing 
sticks 

Army  see  Armies;    Military   art   and   science; 
also  names  of  countries,  subhead  Army 

Army  canteens  see  Canteens  (army) 


Refer  from  Constitutional  history;  Democ- 
racy; Equality;  Government;  Nobility  (s) ; 
Peerage 

Refer  from  Interest;  Mathematics;  Mental 
arithmetic  (s) ;  Numbers;  Oral  arithmetic  (s) ; 
Weights  and  measures 


Refer  from  Accounting;  Business  arith- 
metic (s) ;  Cambistry  (s) ;  Commercial  arith- 
metic (s) 


Refer  from  Anatomy;  Arms  (anatomy)  (s) 

Refer  from  England  —  History  —  Elizabe- 
than period;  England- — History,  Naval; 
Naval  battles  ;  Spain  —  History  —  1479-1700; 
Spain  —  History,  Naval;  Spanish  armada  (s) 


Refer  from  Dynamos;  Electric  apparatus  and 
appliances;  Electric  armatures  (s) ;  Electric 
engineering;  Electric  motors;  Electricity; 
Electromagnets 


Refer     fro  m 
languages 


Aryan     languages;     Oriental 


Refer  from  Armaments  (s) ;  Army  (s) ; 
Disarmament;  Militarism;  Military  art  and 
science;  Military  power  (s) ;  Navies;  Soldiers; 
Standing  army  (s) ;  War 


Refer     from      Calvinism;      Predestination; 
Theology 


Refer  from  Armored  vessels;  Coast  defense; 
Naval  art  and  science;  Nickel  steel;  Steel; 
Warships 


Refer  from  Armor  plate;  Iron-clad  vessels 
(s) ;  Ironclads  (s) ;  Naval  art  and  science; 
Navies;  Shipbuilding;  Ships;  Warships 

Refer  from  Arsenals;  Military  architecture 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Armor  (s) ;  Bayo- 
nets; Costume,  Military  (s) ;  Firearms; 
Heraldry;  Military  art  and  science;  Military 
costume  (s) ;  Swords;  Weapons  (s) 


23 


Army  life 

See  also  Military  service;  Soldiers 

Army  of  the  Cumberland 

See  also  U.  S.  —  History  —  Civil  war 


Army  of  the  Potomac 

See  also  Peninsular  campaign, 
—  History  —  Civil  war 


1862;  U.  S. 


Aromatic    plant    products    see    Essences    and 

essential  oils 
Arrest 

See    also  Bail;    Constables;    Extradition; 
Habeas  corpus;  Sheriffs 
Arrow-heads  see  Arrowheads 
Arrowheads 

See  also   Bow  and   arrow;   Indians  —  An- 
tiquities 
Arrows  see  Bow  and  arrow 
Arsenals 

See  also  Armories;  Military  architecture; 
also  names  of  cities,  subhead  Arsenals 
Arsenic 
Art 

See  also  Anatomy,  Artistic;  Animal  paint- 
ing and  illustration  ;  Antiques;  Archaeology; 
Architecture;  Art  and  morals;  Art  forgeries; 
Art  in  literature;  Art  societies;  Artists; 
Arts  and  crafts,  and  references  under  that 
subject;  Brasses;  Bric-a-brac;  Bronzes; 
Caricature  and  cartoons;  Carving  (art 
industries);  Children  in  literature  and  art; 
Christian  art  and  symbolism;  Classicism; 
Collectors  and  collecting;  Composition  (art) ; 
Costume  ;  Decoration  and  ornament ;  Design, 
Decorative  ;  Drawing  ;  Engraving ;  Esthetics  ; 
Etching;  Frescoes;  Gems;  Glyptics;  House 
decoration;  Idealism  in  art;  Illustration  of 
books  ;  Impressionism  (art) ;  Indians  —  Art ; 
Industrial  arts  ;  Landscape  gardening;  Lith- 
ography; Aladonnas;  ISIinialure  painting; 
Mosaics;  Municipal  art;  Mural  painting  and 
decoration;  Music;  Naturalism  in  art;  Nude 
in  art;  Numismatics;  Painting;  Pastel; 
Photography;  Pictures;  Portraits;  Posters; 
Preraphaelitism  ;  Proportion  (art) ;  Realism 
in  art ;  Sculpture;  Silhouettes;  Stained  glass ; 
Symbolism;  Women  in  literature  and  art; 
also  names  of  cities,  subhead  Art 

American 

Scif  a/jo  Architecture,  American;  Paint- 
ing, American;  Sculpture,  American 

Ancient 

See  also  Archaeology;  Architecture, 
Ancient;  Art,  Primitive;  Classical  antiq- 
uities; also  Art,  Greek;  Art,  Roman; 
etc. 

Appreciation 

See  also  Art  —  Criticism;  Art  —  Study 
and  teaching;  Esthetics 


Refer  from  Armies  ;  Military  life  (s) ;  Soldiers ; 
U.  S.  —  Army 

Refer  from  Cumberland,  Army  of  the  (s) ; 
U.  S.  —  History  —  Civil  war;  U.  S.  —  His- 
tory—  Civil  war  —  Campaigns  and  battles; 
U.  S.  —  History  —  Civil  war  —  Regimental 
histories 

Refer  from  Peninsular  campaign,  1862; 
Potomac,  Army  of  the  (s) ;  U.  S.  —  History  — 
Civil  war;  U.  S.  —  History- — Ci\il  war  — 
Campaigns  and  battles;  U.  S.  —  History  — 
Civil  war  —  Regimental  histories 


Refer  from  Bail;  Constables;  Criminal  law; 
Imprisonment  (s) ;  Sheriffs 


Refer  from   Archaeology;    Arrow-heads    (s) ; 
Bow  and  arrow;  Indians  —  Antiquities 


Refer  from  Armories;  Firearms;  Military 
architecture;  Ordnance 

Refer  from  Chemical  elements;  Poisons 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Arts,  Fine  (s) ; 
Arts  and  crafts;  Christian  art  and  symbolism; 
Civilization;  Composition  (art);  Decoration 
and  ornament;  Design,  Decorative;  Esthetics; 
Fine  arts  (s) ;  Graphic  arts  (s) ;  Iconogra- 
phy (s) ;  Painting;  Sculpture 


Refer  from  American  art  (s) ;  U.  S.  —  Art  (s) 
U.  S.  —  Fine  arts  (s) 

Refer  from  Ancient  art  (s;  ;  Archaeology 


Refer  from  Appreciation  of  art  (s)  ;  Art  — 
Criticism;  Art  —  Stud_\-  and  leaching;  Es- 
thetics 


24 


Art  —  Continued 

Christian,  see  Christian  art  and  symbolism 

Criticism 

See  also  Art  —  Appreciation;  Esthetics 

Decorative,  see  Arts  and  crafts ;   Decora- 
tion and  ornament ;  Design,  Decorative 

Education,  see  Art  —  Study  and  teaching 

Exhibitions 

See  also  Art  —  Galleries  and  museums 

Galleries  and  museums 

iSV^  also  Art- — -Exhibitions;  Paintings; 
also  names  of  galleries,  e.g.   Louvre,  Ver- 
sailles (palace) ;  and  names  of  cities,  sub- 
head Galleries  and  museums 
Medieval 

Municipal,  see  Municipal  art 

Primitive 

See    also     Archaeology;     Indians  —  Art 

Renaissance 

See     also     Architecture,      Renaissance; 
Renaissance 
Study  and  teaching 

See  also  Art  —  Appreciation 


Art  anatomy  see  Anatomy,  Artistic 
Art  and  morals 

See  also  Nude  in  art 
Art  criticism  see  Art  —  Criticism 
Art  education  see  Art  —  Study  and  teaching 
Art  forgeries 

See  atso  Antiques,  Forged 


Art  galleries  see  Art  —  Galleries  and  museums 

Art  glass  see  Glass,  Ornamental 

Art  in  literature 

Art  in   the   schoolroom   see   Art  —  Study   and 

teaching;  School  decoration 
Art  industries  see  Arts  and  crafts;   Industrial 

arts 
Art  museums  see  Art  —  Galleries  and  museums 
Art  societies 
Arteries 

See  also  Blood;  Blood  vessels;  Veins 

Artesian  wells 

See  also  Boring;  Wells 

Arthropoda 

See  also   Arachnida ;    Crustacea;    Insects; 
In\-crtebratcs  ;  Myriapoda 
Arthurian  romances 
See  also  Grail 

Articles,  Thirty-nine,   see   Church  of  England 

—  Articles  of  religion 
Articulatifins  see  Joints 
Artificial  flowers 

See    also    Glass    flowers;    Paper    flowers; 

Wax  flowers 


Refer  from    Art  —  Appreciation;    Art    criti- 
cism (s) ;  Criticism;  Esthetics 


Refer  from  Art  —  Galleries  and  museums; 
Exhibitions;  Paintings;  Pictures 

Refer  from  Art — Exhibitions  ;  Art  galleries(s) ; 
Art  museums  (s) ;  Exhibitions;  Galleries 
(art)  (s) ;  Museums;  Paintings;  Pictures 

Refer  from  Medieval  art  (s) ;  Middle  ages  — 
Art  (s) 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Art,  Ancient; 
Ethnology;  Primitive  art  (s) 

Refer  from  Architecture,  Renaissance;  Ren- 
aissance; Renaissance  art  (s) 

Refer  from  Art  —  Appreciation  ;  Art  — Edu- 
cation (s) ;  Art  education  (s) ;  Art  in  the 
schoolroom  (s) 


Refer  from  Art;  Ethics;  Nude  in  art 


Refer  from  Antiques,  Forged;  Art;  Counter- 
feits; Forgeries  (s) ;  Forgery;  Forgery  of  works 
of  art  (s) ;  Fraud;  Imposture;  Paintings; 
Pictures;  Swindlers  and  swindling 


Refer  from  Art;  Literature 


Refer  from  Art;  Artists;  Societies 

Refer  from  Blood;  Blood  vessels;  Vascular 
system;  Veins 

Refer  from  Boring;  Hydraulic  engineering; 
Water  supply;  Wells 

Refer  from  Arachnida;  Crustacea;  Insects; 
Invertebrates;  Myriapoda 

Refer  from  Chivalry;  Grail;  Legends; 
Middle  ages  —  Literature;  Romances;  Round 
Table  (s) 


Refer  from  Fancy  work;   Flowers;   Flowers, 
Artificial  (s) ;  Millinery 


25 


Artificial  ice  see  Ice  — -  Manufacture 

Artificial  language  see  Language,  Artificial 

Artificial  limbs 

Artificial  stone  see  Stone,  Artificial 

Artillery 

See  also  Artillery  drill  and  tactics  ;  Gunnery  ; 
Military  art  and  science;  Naval  guns;  Ord- 
nance; Projectiles;  also  under  country,  e.g. 
U.  S. —  Army  —  Artillery.  For  volunteer 
regiments  in  the  U.  S.  see  under  name  of 
state,  e.g    New  York  artillery 

Artillery  drill  and  tactics 

See  also  Gunnery  ;  Tactics  ;  Target  practice 

Artistic  anatomy  see  Anatomy,  Artistic 

Artists 

See  also  Architects;  Art  societies;  Bo- 
hemianism;  Engravers;  Illustrators;  Musi- 
cians; Painters;  Sculptors;  Women  as 
artists 

Artists'  marks 

Arts,  Fine,  see  Art 

Arts,  Useful,  see  Industrial  arts 

Arts  and  crafts 

See  also  Art;  Basketwork;  Beadwork; 
Bookbinding;  Carving  (art  industries); 
China  painting;  Coppersmithing;  Decora- 
tion and  ornament;  Design,  Decorative; 
Domestic  arts;  Embroidery;  Enamel;  Fur- 
niture; Gesso;  Glass;  Goldsmithing;  Handi- 
craft; Illumination  of  manuscripts  and 
books;  Industrial  arts;  Inlay;  Ironwork; 
Jewelry;  Lace;  Lacquer;  Leather  work; 
Manual  training;  Metal  work;  Modeling; 
Mosaics*;  Needlework;  Pewter;  Pottery; 
Pyrography;  Repousse  work;  Rugs;  Shell- 
work;  Silversmithing;  Stencil  work;  Tap- 
estry; Weaving;  Wood  carving 

Aryan  civilization  see  Civilization,  Aryan 

Aryan  languages 

See  also  Armenian  language;  Celtic 
languages;  Germanic  languages;  Greek 
language;  Indo-Aryan  languages;  Iranian 
languages;  Latin  language;  Romance  lan- 
guages; Slavic  languages 

Aryans 

See  also  Caucasian  race;  Celts;  Civiliza- 
tion, Aryan;  Hindus;  Latin  races;  Sla\s; 
Teutonic  race 


Asbestos 

See  also  Geology,  Economic 

Ascension  of  Jesus  Christ  see  Jesus  Christ  — 

Resurrection  and  ascension 
Asceticism 

See  also  Fasting;  Hermits;  Monasticism 


Ash  Wednesday 

See  also  Lent 

Asiatic  cholera  see  Cholera,  Asiatic 


Refer  from  Arm;  Leg 


Refer  from  Arms  and  armor;  Batteries 
(military)  (s) ;  Coast  artillery  (s) ;  Coast  de- 
fense; Field  artillery  (s) ;  Firearms;  Gunnery; 
Guns;  Military  art  and  science;  Ordnance 


Refer  from  Artillery;  Drill  (military);   Gun- 
nery; Military  art  and  science;  Tactics 


Refer    from     Art;     Biography;     Engravers; 
Painters;  Sculptors 


Refer   from    Initials;    Marks,    Artists'     (s) ; 
Monograms 


Refer  from  Art;  Art,  Decorative  (s) ;  Art 
industries  (s) ;  Carving  (art  industries); 
China  painting;  Coppersmithing;  Crafts  (s) ; 
Decoration  and  ornament;  Design,  Decora- 
tive; Domestic  arts;  Enamel;  Gesso;  Gold- 
smithing;  Handicraft;  Illumination  of  manu- 
scripts and  books;  Industrial  arts;  Inlay; 
Ironwork;  Jewelry;  Leather  work;  Manual 
training;  Metal  work;  Modeling;  Mosaics; 
Pottery;  Pyrography;  Repousse  work;  Sil- 
versmithing; Wood  carving 


Refer  from  Armenian  language;  Celtic 
languages;  Germanic  languages;  Greek  lan- 
guage; Indo-Aryan  languages;  Indo-European 
languages  (s) ;  Indo-Germanic  languages  (s) ; 
Iranian  languages;  Language;  Latin  language; 
Romance  languages;  Slavic  languages 

Refer  from  Caucasian  race;  Celts;  Civiliza- 
tion, Aryan;  Ethnology;  Ethnology  —  Asia; 
Ethnology  —  Europe;  Hindus;  Indo-Euro- 
peans  (s) ;  Indo-Germanic  peoples  (s) ;  Latin 
races;   Slavs;  Teutonic  race 

Refer  from  Fireproofing;  Geology,  Econom- 
ic ;  Mineralogy 


Refer  from  Q.\\ViXQ\\  discipline;  Church  polity; 
Conduct  of  life;  Ethics;  Fanaticism;  Fasting; 
Hermits;  Monasticism 

Refer  from  Christian  year;  Fasts  and  feasts; 
I  cnt 


26 


Asiatic  languages  see  Oriental  languages 
Asiatic  literature  see  Oriental  literature 
Asphalt 

^ee  also  Geology,  Economic;  Pa\einents 

Aspiration  see  Ideals 
Assassination 

See     also      Anarchism      and      anarchists; 
Murder 
Assault 
Assaying 

See  also  Blowpipe;  Metallurgy;  Ores 


Assembly,  Right  of 

See  also  Liberty  of  speech;  Public  meet- 
ings 
Assessment  see  Taxation 
Assignments 

See  also  Attachment;  Bankruptcy;  Com- 
mercial law;  Liens 
Assimilation     see     Absorption      (physiolog>-) ; 

Metabolism;  Nutrition 
Associated  charities  see  Charity  organization 
Association  see  Cooperation 
Association  of  ideas 

See  also  Memory;  Psjxhology 

Associations    see    Corporations;    Gilds;    Labor 

unions ;  Societies 
Assurance  see  Insurance 
Assyrian  langauge 

See     also     Cuneiform     writing;      Semitic 

languages 
Assyrian     literature     see     Assyro-Babylonian 

literature 
Assyriology  see  Assyria  —  Antiquities 
Assyro-Babylonian  literature 

See     also     Cuneiform     writing;     Oriental 

literature 

Asteroids 

See  also  Astronomy 

Asthma 

See  also  Respiratory  organs  —  Diseases 

Astigmatism 

See  also  Eye  —  Diseases  and  defects 

Astrolabe 

See  also  Astronomical  instruments 
Astrology 

See  also  Occult  sciences 


Astronomers 
Astronomical  instruments 

See  also  Astrolabe;  Astronomical  photog- 
raphy; Astronomy,  Spherical  and  practi- 
cal; Chronograph;  Heliomctcr;  Ilellostat; 
Photochronoerapli ;  Sextant;  Spectroscope; 
Telescope;  Transit  (insirumcnl) 


Refer  from  Bitumen  (s) ;  Commercial  prod- 
ucts; Concrete;  Geology,  Economic;  Pave- 
ments; Pitch,  Mineral  (s) ;  Streets 

Refer  from  Conspiracies;  Crime  and  crimi- 
nals ;  Murder 

Refer  from  Criminal  law 

Refer  from  Analj'sis  (chemistry)   (s) ;   Blow- 
pipe;      Chemistry;       Chemistry  —  Analysis; 
Metallurgy;    Metals;    Mineralogy;    Ores; 
Prospecting 

Refer  from  Liberty;  Liberty  of  speech; 
Public  meetings;  Right  of  assembly  (s) 


Refer  from  Attachment;  Bankruptcy;  Com- 
mercial law;  Contracts;  Debt;  Law;    Trustees 


Refer  from  Ideas,  Association  of  (s)  ;  Mem- 
ory ;  Mental  association  (s) ;  Psychology 


Refer     from     Cuneiform     writing;      Semitic 
languages 


Refer  from  Assyrian  literature  (s) ;  Baby- 
lonian literature  (s) ;  Cuneiform  writing; 
Oriental  literature 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Planets;  Solar  sys- 
tem ;  Stars 

Refer  from  Medicine — -Practice;  Respira- 
tory organs  —  Diseases 


Refer    fro  i 
Sight 


E>'e  —  Diseases     and     defects; 


Refer  from  Astronomical  Instruments 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Dhination;  Fortune 
telling;  Hermetic  art  (s) ;  Horoscopes  (s) ; 
Occult  sciences;  Omens;  Planets;  Stars; 
Superstition;  Zodiac 

Refer  from  Astronom)';  Scientists 

Refer  from  Astrolabe;  Astronomy;  Astrono- 
my, Spherical  and  practical;  Chronograph; 
Hcliomcter;  Hellostat;  Instruments;  Optical 
instruments;  Scientific  apparatus  and  instru- 
ments; Sextant;  Telescope;  Transit  (instru- 
ment) 


27 


Astronomical  mythology 
Astronomical  observatories 

Astronomical  photography 

Si'f  also  Photochronograph 

Astronomy 

Sre  also  Aberration;  Almanacs;  Aster- 
oids; Astrology;  Astronomers;  Astronomi- 
cal instruments,  and  names  of  instruments; 
Astronomical  mythology;  Astronomical 
obser\atories ;  Astronomical  photography; 
Astrophysics;  Azimuth;  Bible  —  Astron- 
omy; Calendar;  Chronology;  Comets; 
Earth;  Eclipses;  Equinoxes;  Geodesy; 
Geography,  Mathematical;  Globes;  Gravi- 
tation; Latitude  and  longitude;  Mechanics, 
Celestial;  Meteorites;  Meteoritic  hypothe- 
sis; Meteors;  Milky  way;  Moon;  Nautical 
almanacs;  Nautical  astronomy;  Nebulae; 
Nebular  hypothesis;  Nutation;  Occulta- 
tions ;  Orbits;  Parallax;  Perturbation; 
Planetesimal  hypothesis;  Planets  [and  their 
names);  Planispheres;  Plurality  of  worlds; 
Satellites;  Seasons;  Solar  system;  Space; 
Spectra;  Spectrum  analysis;  Stars;  Sun; 
Tides;  Time;  Transits;  Universe;  Zodiac; 
Zodiacal  light 
— — Atlases 

St'e  also  Planispheres 

History 

Spherical  and  practical 

See  also  Aberration;  Astronomical 
instruments;  Azimuth;  Eclipses;  Latitude 
and  longitude;  Least  squares;  Nautical 
astronomy;  Navigation;  Nutation;  Occul- 
tations;  Parallax;  Refraction;  Time 
Astrophysics 

Si'e  also   Astronomy;   Spectrum   analysis; 
Stars ;  Sun 
Asylum,  Right  of 
See  also  Aliens 

Asylums 

See  also  Almshouses  ;Blind  —  Asylums 
and  education  ;  Charities  ;  Deaf  and  dumb  — ■ 
Asylums  and  education  ;  Homes  for  the  aged  ; 
Hospitals;  Inebriate  asylums;  Insane  hos- 
pitals; Orphans  and  orphan  asylums;  Poor; 
also  names  of  countries  and  cities,  subhead 
Hospitals  and  asylums 

Atavism  see  Heredity 

Athanasian  creed 

Atheism 

See     aiso     Agnosticism ;      Deism ;      God ; 
Materialism;   Natural  religion;  Skepticism; 
Theism 
Athletics 

See  also  Boxing;  College  athletics;  Fenc- 
ing; Games;  Gymnastics;  Jiu-jitsu ;  Olym- 
pic games;  Physical  education;  Rowing; 
Running;  School  athletics;  Skating;  Sports; 
Swimming;  Track  athletics;  Training; 
Walking;  Wrestling 


Refer  ]rom  -Astronuiu}' ;  Mj'liiology;  Nature 
myths 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Observatories,  As- 
tronomical (sj 

Refer  from  Astronomical  instruments;  As- 
tronomy; Photography;  Photography,  Astro- 
nomical (s) 

Refer  from  Asteroids;  Astrophysics;  Comets; 
Constellations  (s) ;  Earth;  Eclipses;  Equi- 
noxes; Geography,  Mathematical;  Globes; 
Gravitation ;  Heavens  (s) ;  Latitude  and  longi- 
tude; Mathematics;  Mechanics,  Celestial; 
Meteors;  Milky  way;  Moon;  Nebulae;  Nebu- 
lar hypothesis;  Occultations ;  Parallax; 
Physics;  Planets;  Satellites;  Science;  Sky  (s) ; 
Solar  physics  (s) ;  Solar  system;  Stars;  Sun; 
Tides  ;  Time  ;  Transits  ;  Universe  ;  Uranography 
(s) ;  Zodiac 


Refer  from  Atlases;  Star  atlases  (s) ;  Stars 


Refer  from  Aberration;  Astronomical  instru- 
ments; Azimuth;  Eclipses;  Geodesy;  Latitude 
and  longitude  ;  Least  squares ;  Nautical  astron- 
omy; Nutation;  Occultations;  Parallax;  Re- 
fraction; Spherical  astronomy  (s) ;  Time 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Solar  physics  (s) ; 
Stars ;  Sun 

Refer  from  Church  and  state;  Church  law; 
Extradition;  International  law;  Law;  Right 
of  sanctuary  (s) ;  Sanctuary  (s) 

Refer  from  Almshouses;  Charities;  Homes 
(institutions)  (s) ;  Hospitals;  Institutions, 
Charitable  and  philanthropic  (s) ;  Poor 


Refer  from  Catholic  church  —  Catechisms 
and  creeds;  Church  of  l'"ngland  —  Catechisms 
and  creeds;  Creeds;  Trinity 

Refer  from  Agnosticism;  Deism;  God; 
Natural  religion;  Philosophy;  Religion;  Skep- 
ticism ;  Theism 

Refer  from  Amusements;  College  athletics; 
Games;  Gymnastics;  Physical  education; 
Physical  training  (s) ;  Pla)- ;  Sports;  Track 
athletics;  Training 


28 


Atlantic  cable  see  Cables,  Submarine 
Atlantic  coast 

See  also  names  of  states   and  localities  of 
the  Atlantic  coast 
Atlases 

See    also    Astronomy  —  Atlases;    Bible  — 
Geography;  Geography;  Historical  atlases; 
Maps ;  also  names  of  countries,  etc.,  subhead 
Description  and  travel  —  Maps 
Atlatl  see  Throwing  sticks 
Atmosphere  see  Air;  Meteorology 
Atmospheric  electricity 

See  also  Auroras;  Lightning 


Atmospheric  nucleation 

See     also     Condensation 


.f 


gases 
Atomic  theory 

See    also    Atoms ; 
Chemistry,  Physical 
Atomic  weights 

See     also     Chemisti 


Ionization 
Chemistry  —  Histor\' ; 
y.     Physical  ;     Periodic 


law 
Atoms 

See  also  Atomic  theory;  Atomic  weights; 
Chemistr}- ;  Chemistry,  Physical;  Electrons; 
Ions;   Alatter;   .\Iolecules;   Physics;   Stereo- 
chemistry- 
Atonement 

See  also  Jesus  Christ 

Attachment 

See  also  Assignments;  Liens 

Attention 

See   also   Obser\ation ;    Psychology;    Psy- 
chology, Educational 


Attorneys  see  Agency;  Lawyers 

Auctions 

Auditing 

See  also  Accounting;  Bookkeeping 

Audition  see  Hearing 
Audubon  societies 

AuL'ur}'  see  Di\"ination 
Augustinians 

See  also  Monasticism 

Auricular  confession  see  Confession 
Aurora  borealis  see  Auroras 
Auroras 

See    also    Atmospheric    electricity;     Mag- 
netism, Terrestrial 


Auscultation 

See  also  Diagnosis 
Australian  ballot 
Austrian  literature 

.S"('('  also  (Jcrman  literature 
Austrian  succession,  War  of,  1740-1748 

See    also     Austria — ^  History ;     Europe 
History  —  1492- 1789;  France  —  History 


Refer  from  Geography;  Maps 


Refer  from  Air;  Auroras;  Electricity;  Elec- 
tricity, Atmospheric  (s) ;  Lightning;  Meteor- 
ology 

Refer  from  Air;  Condensation;  Meteorology; 
Xuclcation,  Atmospheric  (s) 

Refer  from  Atoms;  Chemistry;  Chemistry  — 
History;  Chemistry,  Physical;  Matter 

Refer  from  Atoms;  Chemical  elements; 
Chemistry;  Chemistry,  Physical 

Refer  from  Atomic  theory;  Chemistry; 
Chemistry,  Physical;  Matter;  Molecules; 
Physics;  Stereochemistry 


Refer  from  Jesus  Christ;  Jesus  Christ  — 
Atonement  (s) ;  Sacrifice ;  Salvation  ;  Theology 

Refer  from  Assignments;  Commercial  law; 
Garnishment  (s)  ;  Law;  Liens;  Property 

Refer  from  Apperceptit)n  ;  Concentration  (s) ; 
Memory;  Mental  discipline;  Psychology; 
Psychology,  Educational;  Thought  and  think- 
ing 

Refer  from  Business;  Commerce;  Sale 

Refer  frov)  Accounting;  Bookkeeping;  Busi- 
ness; Commercial  law;  Finance 

Refer  from  Birds  —  Protection 


Refer    from     Monasticism;     St.     Augustine, 
Order  of  (sj 


Refer  from  Atmospheric  electricity;  .Aurora 
borealis  (s) ;  Magnetism,  Terrestrial;  Meteor- 
ology; Northern  lights  (s) ;  Polar  light  (s) ; 
Zodiacal  light 

Refer  from  Chest;  Diagnosis;  Heart;  Lungs 
Refer  from  Ballot;  Elections 

Refer  from  German  literature 

Refer  from  Austria  —  History;  Europe  — 
History —  1492-1789;     France  —  History  — 


29 


Bourbons;  Germany 
1815;  Italy  —  History 
—  History  —  1700- 


History  —   1740- 
I559~i789;  Spain 


Authority  (in  religion) 

St-c'    also    Belief;    Bible  —  Evidences    and 
authority;     Catholic     church  —  Authority; 
Faith  ;  Popes  —  Authority  and  supremacy 
Authors 

St'e  also  Anonyms  ;  Authorship  ;  Bibliog- 
raphy; Copyright;  Dramatists;  Essayists; 
Historians;  Humorists;  Literature;  Nat- 
uralists; Novelists;  Poets;  Pseudonyms; 
Scientists;  Women  as  authors 

American 

See    also     American     literature;     Poets, 
American 
Authorship 

See      also      Authors ;      Book      dedication ; 
Collaboration;        Copyright;       Journalism; 
Plagiarism;     Plots     (drama,     novel,     etc.); 
Short  stories  ;  \'ersification 
Autobiography 

Autoboats  see  Motor  boats 
Autocars  see  Automobiles 
Autographs 

See  also  Manuscripts 


Automatism 

See  also  Consciousness 

Automobile  racing 
Automobile  stories 
Automobile  touring 

Automobiles 

See  also  Automobile  racing;  Automobile 
stories  ;  Automobile  touring  ;  Garages  ;  Motor 
cycles;  Motors;  Speed;  Tires 


Automobiling  see   Automobile   touring;   Auto- 
mobiles 
Autopsy 


Autosuggestion  see  Suggestion 
Autumn 

See  also  Seasons 
Autumnal  catarrh  see  Hay  Fever 

Auxiliary  schools 

See    also    Children,    Abnormal    and    back- 
ward ;  Defectives 
Avalanches 

See  also  Landslides;  Mountains 

Avarice 

See  also  Egoism;  Misers 

Avesta 

See  also  Parsecs;  Zoroastrianism 

Aviation  see  Aeronautics 


Bourbons  ;  Germany  —  History  —  1740-1815  ; 
Italy  —  History  —  1559-1789;  Spain  — 
History  —  1700- ;  War  of  the  Austrian  succes- 
sion (s) 

Refer  from    Belief;    Religion;    Religious   au- 
thority (s) ;  Theology 


Refer  from  Authorship;  Biography;  Dram- 
atists; Essayists;  Historians;  Humorists; 
Literary  men  (s) ;  Literature;  Novelists; 
Poets ;  Writers  (s) 


Refer  from  American  authors  (s) ;  American 
literature;  U.  S.  • —  Biography 

Refer  from  Authors;  Copyright;  Journalism; 
Literature;  Writing;  Writing  for  the  press  (s) 


Refer  from  Biography;  Histor}- ;  Memoirs  (s) 


Refer  from  Biography;  Collectors  and 
collecting;  Handwriting  (s) ;  Signatures  (s) ; 
Writing 

Refer  from  Animal  intelligence;  Conscious- 
ness ;  Psychology 

Refer  from  Automobiles;  Racing  (s) ;  Sports 

Refer  from  Automobiles;  Fiction 

Refer  from  Automobiles  ;  Automobiling  (s) ; 
Motoring  (s) ;  Voyages  and  travels 

Refer  from  Autocars  (s) ;  Automobiling  (s) ; 
Carriages;  Cars;  Electric  carriages  (s) ;  Horse- 
less carriages  (s) ;  Locomotion;  Alanufactures  ; 
Motor  carriages  (s) ;  Motor  vehicles  (s) ; 
Motoring  (s) ;  Motors;  Tires;  Transporta- 
tion ;  Vehicles 


Refer  from  Anatomy;  Death;  Dissection; 
Medical  jurisprudence;  Medicine;  Pathology; 
Post-mortem  examinations  (s) ;  Surgery 


Refer  from  Fall  (s)  ;  Seasons 


Refer  from    Children,    Abnormal    and    back- 
ward; Defectives;  Education;  Schools 

Refer  from  Landslides;  Mountains;  Snow 

Refer  from    Conduct    of   life;    Covetousness 
(s) ;  Egoism;  Ethics;  Misers 

Refer    from     Parsees;     Persian     literature; 
Sacred  books;  Zend-Avesta  (s) ;  Zoroastrianism 


30 


Aviators  see  Aeronauts 

Awards  see  Arbitration  and  award 

Axioms 

See  also  Geometry 

Axles 

See  also  Bearings  (machinery) ;  Wheels 
Azimuth 

See  also   Astronomy,  Spherical  and  prac- 
tical 
Aztecs 

See    also    Indians    of    Mexico;    Mexico  — 
Antiquities;  Toltecs 
Babies  see  Infants 
Babism 

See  also  Mohammedanism 

Baby  see  Infants 

Babylonian    literature    see    Assyro-Babylonian 
literature 

Baccalaureate  sermons  see  College  sermons 

Bachelors 

Bachelor's  degrees  see  Degrees,  Academic 

Bacilli     see     Bacteriology;     Germ     theory    of 
disease 

Backbone  see  Spine 

Backgammon 

Backward    children    see    Children,    Abnormal 
and  backward 

Bacon-Shakespeare    controversy     see     Shake- 
speare, William  —  Authorship 

Bacon's  rebellion,  1676 

See  also  U.  S. —  History  —  Colonial  period  ; 
Virginia  —  History 

Bacteria  see  Bacteriology 

Bacteriology 

See  also  Dairy  bacteriology;  Dust;  Fer- 
mentation; Germ  theory  of  disease;  Im- 
munity; Microscope  and  microscopy;  Pu- 
trefaction; Soil  bacteriology;  Water  — 
Analysis 

Agricultural 

See  also  Dairy  bacteriology;  Nitrifica- 
tion; Plants  —  Diseases;  Soil  bacteriolo- 
gy; also  names  of  crops,  subhead  Diseases 
and  pests,  e.g.  Fruit  —  Diseases  and 
pests 
Badges  of  honor  see  Decorations  of  honor; 
Insignia ;  Medals 

See  also  Packing  for  shipment 

Bagpipes 

See    also     Music  —  Scotland;     Wind     in- 
struments 
Bahaism  see  Babism 
Bail 

See  also  Arrest;  Guaranties  and  sureties 

Bailments 

See     also     Agency;      Baggage;     Carriers; 
Commercial  law;  Liens;  Negligence;  I'awn- 
broking;  Warclunises 
Bakers  and  bakeries 

See  also  Baking 


Refer  from    Geometry;    Mathematics;    Phi- 
losophy; Trulli 

Refer  from  Wheels 

Refer  from  Astronomy;   Astronomy,   Spher- 
ical and  practical;  Geodesy 

Refer  from    Indians   of   Mexico;    Mexico  — 
Antiquities;  Toltecs 


Refer    from     Bahaism     (s) ;     Behaism     (s) ; 
Mohammedanism;  Religions 


Refer  from  Celibacy;  Men 


Refer  from  Games 


Refer  from    U.   S. —  History  —  Colonial    pe- 
riod; Virginia  —  History 


Refer  from  Bacilli  (s) ;  Bacteria  (s) ;  Biology; 
Botany;  Contagion  and  contagious  diseases; 
Disease  germs  (s) ;  Dust ;  Fermentation  ;  Fungi ; 
Germ  theory  of  disease;  Germs  (s) ;  Medicine; 
Microbes  (s) ;  Micro-organisms  (s) ;  Microscope 
and  microscopy;  Parasites;  Patholog}' ;  Putre- 
faction; Water  —  Analysis 

Refer  from  Agricultural  bacteriology  (s) ; 
Agriculture;  Dairy  bacteriology;  Plants  — 
Diseases;  Soil  bacteriology;  Soils 


Refer  from    Bailments;    Carriers;    Luggage 
(s) ;  Railroads  —  Baggage  (s) ;  Tra\  tl 

Refer  from   Music — Scotland;   Wind   instru- 
ments 


Refer  from  Arrest;  Criminal  law;  (Guaranties 
and  sureties ;  Law 

Refer  from  Agency;  Carriers;  Commercial 
law;  Contracts;  Guaranties  and  sureties; 
Law;    Negligence;   Pawnbroking;   Warehouses 


Refer  from  Baking;  I'ood 


31 


Baking 

See    also     Bakers     and     bakeries;     Bread; 
Cake;  Cookery;  Ovens;  Pastry 
Baking  powder 
Balance  of  power 

Sre    also    Eastern    question    (Near    East)  ; 
Europe  —  Politics;  International  relations 
Balance  of  trade 

See  also  Commerce ;  Tariff;  Tariff  question 


Baldness 

See  also  Hair 
Balkan   question   see   Eastern    question    (Neai 

East) 
Ball      see      Baseball;      Basket-ball;      Cricket; 

Football;  Handball 
Ball  bearings  see  Bearings  (machinery) 
Ballads 

See  also  Chapbooks  ;  Folk  songs;  Legends; 
Lyric  poetry;  Poetry;  Songs 

American 

See  also  American  poetry;  Ballads, 
English;  Songs,  American 

English 

See  also  Ballads,  American;  Ballads, 
Irish;  Ballads,  Scottish;  English  poetry; 
Songs,  English 

Irish 

See  also  Ballads,  English;  Irish  poetry; 
Songs,  Irish 

Scottish 

See  also  Ballads,  English  ;  Scottish  po- 
etry;  Songs,  Scottish 


Ballet 

See  also  Dancing;  Pantomime 
Ballistics 

See     also     Gunnery;     Ordnance;     Photo- 
chronograph;  Projectiles;  Shooting 
Balloonists  see  Aeronauts 
Balloons 

See  also  Aeronautics;  Airships 

Dirigible,  see  Airships 

Ballot 

See     also     Australian     ballot ;     Elections ; 
Suffrage;  Voting  machines 
Balls  (parties) 

See  also  Cotillion;  Dancing;  Masquerades 

Balustrades  see  Railings 

Bamboo 

Bandages  and  bandaging 

See  also  First  aid  in  illness  and  injury; 
Surgery 

Bandaging  see  Bandages  and  bandaging 

Banditti  see  Brigands  and  robbers 

Bands  (music) 

See  also  Conducting  (music);  Instrumen- 
tation and  orchestration;  Military  music; 
Orchestras;  Wind  instruments 


Refer  from  Bakers  and  bakeries;  Bread; 
Cake;  Cookery;  Ovens;  Pastry 

Refer  from  Chemistry,  Technical;  Cookery 

Refer  from  Eastern  question  (Near  East) ; 
Europe  —  Politics;  International  relations 

Refer  from  Commerce;  Economics;  Ex- 
change; Tariff;  Tariff  question;  Trade,  Bal- 
ance of  (s) 

Refer  from  Hair;  Head 


Refer  from  Carols;  Chapbooks;  Folk  songs; 
Legends;  Literature;  Lyric  poetry;  Poetry; 
Songs 

Refer  from  American  ballads  (s) ;  American 
literature;  American  poetry;  American  songs 
(s) ;  Ballads,  English;  Songs,  American 

Refer  from  Ballads,  American ;  Ballads, 
Irish;  Ballads,  Scottish;  English  ballads  (s) ; 
English  literature;  English  poetry;  English 
songs  (s) ;  Songs,  F^nglish 

Refer  from  Ballads,  English;  Irish  ballads 
(s) ;  Irish  literature;  Irish  poetry;  Irish 
songs  (s) ;  Songs,  Irish 

Refer  from  Ballads,  English  ;  Scotch  ballads 
(s) ;  Scottish  ballads  (s) ;  Scottish  literature; 
Scottish  poetry ;  Scottish  songs  (s) ;  Songs, 
Scottish 

Refer  from  Dancing;  Pantomime;  Theater 

Refer  from  Gunnery;  Ordnance;  Photo- 
chronograph;  Projectiles;  Shooting 


Refer  from  Aeronautics;  Airships 


Refer  from  Elections;  Government;  Politics; 
Short  ballot  (s) ;  Suffrage;  Voting  (sj 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Cotillion;  Dancing; 
Entertaining;  Masquerades;  Parties  (sj 

Refer  from  Furniture;  Grasses;  Woodwork 

Refer  from  Bandaging  (s) ;  First  aid  in  illness 
and  injury;  Surgery 


Refer  from  Conducting  (music) ;  Instrumental 
music;  Military  music;  Music;  Orchestras; 
Wind  instruments 


32 


Bandy  see  Hockey 

Banishment  see  Exile;  Penal  colonies 

Bank  deposit  guaranty  see  Banks  and  banking 

—  Guaranty  of  deposits 
Bank  notes 

See    also    Banks    and    banking;    Counter 

feits;  Legal  tender;  Paper  nione)- 

Bankers 

Banking  see  Banks  and  banking 
Bankruptcy 

See   also    Assignments;    Commercial    law 
Debt :  Receivers 


Banks  and  banking 

See  also  jVgricultural  credit;  Bank  notes; 
Bankers;  Building  and  loan  associations; 
Checks;  Clearing  houses;  Credit;  Dis- 
count; Economics;  Exchange;  Finance; 
Foreign  exchange;  Interest;  Land  banks; 
Money;  National  banks;  Pawnbroking; 
Postal  savings  banks  ;  Savings  banks  ;  School 
savings  banks;  Stock  exchange;  Stocks; 
Trust  companies;  Vaults;  also  names  of 
cities,  subhead  Banks 
Guaranty  of  deposits 

Law 

U.  S. 

See  also  National  banks 

Banners  see  Flags 

Banquets  see  Dinners  and  dining 

Baptism 

See     'also      Baptismal      fonts;      Baptists; 

Close  communion ;  Jesus  Christ  —  Baptism  ; 

Regeneration  (theology) ;  Sacraments 


Infants 

See   also    Infant    salvation;  Predestina- 
tion 
Baptismal  fonts 

See  also  Church  furniture 

Baptists 

See    also    Anabaptists;     Baptism;     Close 
communion;     Congregationalism;     German 
Baptist     brethren;     Mennonites;      Seventh- 
day  Baptists 
Bar  see  La\v}'ers 
Barbarian  invasions  of  Rome 

See  also  Goths;  Huns;  Italy  — History  — 
To  1559;  Migration  of  nations;  Rome  — 
History  —  Empire;  Vandals 

Barbary  corsairs  see  Pirates 
Barbed  wire  see  Fence  wire 
Barbizon  school 

See  also  Painting,  French 

Bards 

See  also  Celtic  literature;  Meistersingers ; 
Minnesingers;    Minstrels;    Troubadours; 
Trouveres 


Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Counter- 
feits; Engraving;  Money;  National  bank 
notes  (s) ;  National  banks;  Paper  money 

Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Biography 


Reler  from  Assignments;  Commerce;  Com- 
mercial law;  Corporations;  Debt;  Failure 
(in  business)  (s) ;  Finance;  Insolvency  (s) ; 
Law;  Partnership;  Receivers 

Refer  from  Agricultural  banks  (s) ;  Bank 
notes;  Banking  (s) ;  Bills  of  credit  (s) ;  Bills 
of  exchange  (s) ;  Bimetallism  ;  Capital ;  Checks  ; 
Clearing  houses  ;  Commerce  ;  Credit ;  Discount ; 
Economics;  Finance;  Government  banking 
(s) ;  Interest;  Investments;  Land  banks; 
Money;  National  banks;  Paper  money; 
Savings  banks;  Stock  exchange;  Trust  com- 
panies ;  Wealth 


Refer    from     Bank     deposit     guaranty 
Guaranty  of  bank  deposits  (s) 
Refer  from  Commercial  law 


(s); 


Refer  from  Aloney  — 
State  banks  (s) ;  U.  S. 


U.  S. ;  National  banks; 
—  Banks  (s) 


Refer  from  Baptists;  Christening  (s) ; 
Christian  antiquities;  Church  membership; 
Church  polity;  Immersion,  Baptismal  (s) ; 
Regeneration  (theology) ;  Rites  and  ceremonies  ; 
Sacraments;  Theology 

Refer  from  Infant  baptism  (s) ;  Infant 
sah'ation 

Refer  from  Baptism;  Church  furniture; 
Fonts  (s) 

Refer  from  Anabaptists;  Baptism;  Close 
communion;  Congregationalism;  Sects 


Refer  from  Goths  ;  Huns  ;  Italy  —  History  — 
To  ISS9)  Invasions  of  Rome,  Barbarian  (s) ; 
Migration  of  nations;  Rome  —  History  — 
Empire;  Vandals 


Refer  from    Landscape    painting;    Painting, 
French 

Refer    from     Celtic     lileralure;      Minstrels; 
Poetry ;  Poets 


33 


Bark 

See  also  Botany,  Structural ;  Trees  ;  Wood 
Barley 

See  also  Grain 
Bams  and  stables 

See  also  Farm  buildings;  Garages;  Horse 

Barometer 

See  also  Meteorological  instruments 

Baronage  see  Peerage 
Baronetage  see  Peerage 
Barons'  war,  1263-1267 

See    also    England  —  History  —  Plantag- 
enets 
Barracks 

See  also  Military  architecture 
Barrels  see  Cooperage 
Barristers  see  Lawyers 
Barrows  see  Mounds  and  mound  builders 
Bartholomew,  St.,  Massacre  of,  see  St.  Barthol- 
omew's day,  Massacre  of 
Bas-relief 

See    also    Carving    (art    industries) ;    Sar- 
cophagi; Sculpture;  Wood  carving 
Baseball 

See  also  College  athletics 

Basilicas 

See  also  Architecture;  Church  architecture 
Basket-ball 

See  also  College  athletics 

Basket  making  see  Basketwork 
Basketry  see  Basketwork 
Basketwork 

See  also  Indians  —  Industries 


Basques 

Bat  see  Bats 

Bathing  see  Baths  and  bathing 

Baths,  Public 

Baths  and  bathing 

See   also   Baths,   Public;    Di\ing;    Hydro- 
therapy; Swimming 


Batrachia  see  y\mphibia 

Bats 

See  also  Mammals 

Batteries     (electric)     see     Electric     batteries; 

Storage  batteries 
Batteries  (military)  see  Artillery 
Battle,  Wager  of,  see  Wager  of  battle 
Battle  cries 

Battle-ships  see  Warships 
liattlc-songs  see  War  songs 
Battlefield  relief 

See  also   First   aid   in   illness   and   injury; 

Hospitals,     Military;     Medicine,     Military; 

Military     hygiene;      Red     cross;      Surgery, 

Military 


Refer  from  Botany,  Structural;  Trees;  Wood 
Refer  from  Grain 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Cattle;  Domestic 
animals;  Farm  buildings;  Horse;  Live  stock; 
Stables  (s) 

Refer  from  Air;  Aneroid  barometer  (s) ; 
Meteorological  instruments;  Physics;  Sur- 
veying instruments 


Refer  from    England  —  History  —  Plantag- 
enets 

Refer  from  Military  architecture 


Refer  from  Carving  (art  industries);  Decora- 
tion and  ornr.ment;  Sculpture 

Refer  from  Ball  (s) ;  College  athletics  ;  Games  ; 
School  athletics 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Church  architecture 

Refer    from     Ball     (s) ;     College     athletics; 
Games;  School  athletics 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Basket  making 
(s) ;  Basketry  (s) ;  Domestic  arts;  Indians  — 
Industries;  Alanual  training;  Weaving 

Refer  from  Ethnology  —  France;  Ethnology 
—  Spain;  France  —  History 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Baths  and  bathing; 
Municipal  improvement ;  Public  baths  (s) 

Refer  from  Archaeolog>- ;  Bathing  (s) ;  Clean- 
liness; Hydrotherapy;  Hygiene;  Sea  bathing 
(s) ;  Seashore;  Swimming;  Therapeutics;  Toi- 
let ;  Turkish  baths  (s) ;  VVater 


Refer  from  Bat  (s) ;  Cheiroptera  (s) ;  Chirop- 
tera  (s) ;  Mammals 


Refer  from  Cries  (s) ;  War  cries  (s) ;  Veils 


Refer  from  First  aid  in  illness  and  injury; 
Hospitals,  Military;  Medicine,  Military;  Mili- 
tary hygiene;  Red  cross;  Relief  work  (s) ; 
Surgery,  Military 


34 


Battles 

See    also    Imaginary    wars    and  battles; 
Massacres;  Military  history;  Naval  battles ; 
Sieges;   also  names  of  battles,   e.g.   Gettys- 
burg,   Battle  of;    Waterloo,   Battle  of;  and 
names  of  generals,  wars,  etc. 
Battleships  see  Warships 
Bayeux  tapestry 
Bayonets 

See  also  Arms  and  armor 
Bays  and  gulfs 
Beaches 

See     also     Dunes;     Physical     geography; 
Seashore 
Beacons 

.SV^  also  Lighthouses 
Beads 

See  also  Beadwork;  Rosary;  Wampum 
Beadwork 

See  also  Beads;  Indians  —  Industries 


Beams  see  Girders 

Bear  see  Bears 

Bearing  reins  see  Checkreins 

Bearings  (machinery) 

See  also  Friction;   Lubrication  and  lubri- 
cants ;  Alachine  design 

Bears 

See  also  Carnivora 

Beasts     see     Animals;     Bestiaries;     Domestic 

animals ;  Zoology 
Beasts  of  prey  see  Carnivora 
Beatitudes 

See      also      Bible  —  New      Testament  — 

Matthew;  Sermon  on  the  mount 
Beautiful,  The,  see  Esthetics 
Beauty  see  Beauty,  Personal;  Esthetics 
Beauty,  Personal 

See     also     Cosmetics;     Costume;     Hair; 

Hand;  Skin;  Teeth;  Toilet 

Beaux  see  Dandies 

Becquerel  rays  see  Radioactivity 

Bedouins 

See  also  Arabia;  Arabs;  Nomads 
Beds 

See  also  Furniture 
Bee  see  Bees 
Beef 

See  also  Meat;  Packing  industry 
Beer 

See  also  Ale;  Brewing;  Liquors;  Malt 
Bees 

See  also  Honey;  Hymenoptera ;  Wax 

Beet  see  Beets  and  beet  sugar 
Beet  sugar  see  Beets  and  beet  sugar 
Beetles 

SV^  also  Insects;  Scarabs;  Weevils 

Beets  and  beet  sugar 

See  also  Sugar;  Vegetables 


Refer  from  History;  Military  art  and  science; 
Military  history;  Naval  battles;  Sieges;  War 


Refer  from  Tapestry 

Refer  from  Arms  and  armor;  Guns 
Refer  from  Gulfs  (s) ;  Physical  geography 

Refer  from  Geology;  Physical  geography; 
Seashore 

Refer  from  Life-saving;  Lighthouses;  Navi- 
gation ;  Signals 

Refer  from  Beadwork;  Jewelry 

Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Beads;  Fancy 
work;  Indians  —  Industries;  Needlework; 
Weaving 


Refer  from  Axles;  Ball  bearings  (s) ;  Friction; 
Journals  (machinery)  (s) ;  Lubrication  and 
lubricants;  Machine  design;  IMachinery 

Refer  from  Bear  (s)  ;  Carnivora;  Hunting; 
Ursidae  (s) 


Refer  from   Bible;   Bible  —  New  Testament 
-  ^latthcw;  Sermon  on  the  mount 


Refer  from  Beauty  (s) ;  Complexion  (s) ; 
Cosmetics;  Face;  Hygiene;  Personal  beauty 
(s) ;  Toilet;  Women 


Refer  from  Arabia;  Arabs;  Nomads 
Refer  fro  m  Furniture 

Refer  from  Cattle;  Meat;  Packing  industry 

Refer  from  Ale;  Brewing;  Liquors;  Malt 

Refer  from   Agriculture;   Apiaries    (s) ;    Api- 
culture (s) ;  Bee  (s) ;  Honey;  Hymenoptera 


Refer  from  Colcoptera  (s) ;  Insects;  Insects, 
Injurious  and  beneficial;  Weevils 

Refer  from  Beet  (s) ;  Beet  sugar  (s) ;  Sugar; 
Sugar  beet  (s) ;  Vegetables 


35 


Begging 

See  also  Charity;  Poor;  Tramps 
Behaism  see  Babism 
Behavior  see  Conduct  of  life;  Etiquet 
Being 

See  also  Metaphysics;  Reality 

Belgian  hares 

See  also  Hares 
Belief 

See  also  Agnosticism;  Authority  (in 
religion);  Certainty;  Creeds;  Faith;  Ra- 
tionalism; Religions;  Sects;  Skepticism; 
Truth 

Bell  buoys  see  Buoys 
Bell  founding  see  Bells 
Belles-lettres  see  Literature 
BeUs 

See  also  Chimes  and  chiming;  Electric 
bells 

Belting 

See  also  Machine  design ;  .Power  trans- 
mission; Pulleys;  Rope  driving;  Shafting 

Benedictines 

See  also  Cistercians;  Monasticism 
Benefit  of  clergy 

Benefit  societies 

See  also  Building  and  loan  associations; 
Insurance,  Industrial;  Insurance,  Life;  Labor 
unions;  Odd  Fellows;  Secret  societies 


Benevolence    see    Altruism;    Charity;    Philan- 
thropy ;  Poor 

Benevolent     societies     see     Benefit     societies ; 
Charitable  societies 

Bengali  language 

See  also  Indo-Aryan  languages 

Bequests    see    Gifts;     Inheritance;     Legacies: 
Wills 

Berbers 

See  also  Barbary  States;  Hamites 

Berries 

See  also  Fruit;  also  names  of  berries,   e.g. 
Strawberries 
B«rtillon  system 

See    also    Anthropometry;    Finger    prints; 
Identification 
Bessemer  process 
See  also  Steel 
Best    books    see    Books    and     reading  —  Best 

books 
Bestiaries 

See  also  Animal  lore 

Beton  see  Concrete 

Betterment,   Industrial,   see   Industrial    better- 
ment 


Refer  from  Mendicity  (s) ;  Poor;  Tramps 


Refer  from  Infinite;  Metaphysics;  Ontology 
(s) ;  Philosophy;  Reality 

Refer  from  Hares;  Rabbits 

Refer  from  Authority  (in  religion) ;  Certainty ; 
Conviction  (s) ;  Doubt  (s) ;  Faith;  Intellect; 
Knowledge;  Metaphysics  ;  Opinion  (s) ;  Philos- 
ophy; Psychology;  Religion;  Religious  be- 
lief (s) ;  Theology;  Truth 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Bell  founding  (s) ; 
Campanology  (s) ;  Chimes  and  chiming; 
Church  bells  (s) ;  Ringing  (s) 

Refer  from  Chain  belting  (s) ;  Machine 
design;  Machinery;  Power  transmission;  Pul- 
leys; Rope  driving;  Shafting 

Refer  from  Cistercians;  Monasticism 
Refer   from    Church    law;    Church     polity; 
Clergy;  Law 

Refer  from  Benevolent  societies  (s) ;  Building 
and  loan  associations;  Cooperation;  Fraternal 
insurance  (s) ;  Fraternities,  Benevolent  (s) ; 
Friendly  societies  (s) ;  Insurance;  Insurance. 
Fraternal  (s) ;  Insurance,  Industrial;  Insurance, 
Life  ;  Labor  and  laboring  classes ;  Labor  unions  ; 
Mutual  aid  societies  (s) ;  Mutual  benefit  socie- 
ties (s) ;  Secret  societies;  Societies;  Thrift 


Refer  from  Indo-Aryan  languages 


Refer  from    Barbary    States;     Ethnology  — 
Africa  ;  Hamites 

Refer  from    Fruit;    Small    fruit    (s);    Straw- 
berries 

Refer    from     Anthropometry;     Crime     and 
criminals;  Finger  prints;  Identification 

Refer  from  Steel 


Refer  from  Animal  lore;  Beasts  (s) ;  i'ables; 
Literature 


36 


Betterments     see     Real     estate;     Single     tax; 

Unearned  increment 
Betting 

See  also  Gambling;  Probabilities 


Bevel  gearing  see  Gearing 
Beverages 

See  also  Chocolate;  Cider;  Cocoa;  Coffee; 
Drinking  customs  ;  Food  ;  Liquors,  and  names 
of   liquors;    Milk;    Mineral    waters;    Stimu- 
lants; Tea;  Temperance;  Water 
Bezique 

See  also  Cards 
Bhang  see  Hashish 
Bible 

Text,  arranged  alphabetically  by  lan- 
guage, the  English  translations  arranged 
chronologically 

Selections     [from     both     Old     and     New 

Testaments] 
Bible  [as  subject] 

See  also  Angels;  Apostles;  Beatitudes; 
Bible  and  science;  Bible  in  the  schools; 
Bible  societies  ;  Christianity  ;  Church  history  ; 
Commandments;  Creation;  Deluge;  Fall 
of  man ;  God;  Jesus  Christ;  Jews;  Lord's 
prayer;  Miracles;  Parables;  Patriarchs; 
Prophets;  Religion  and  science;  Revelation; 
Saints;  Sermon  on  the  mount;  Theology 

Animals,  see  Bible  —  Natural  history 

Antiquities 

See  also  Bible  —  History;  Christian 
antiquities;  Jews  —  Antiquities;  Pales- 
tine —  Antiquities 

Astronomy 

see   Bible  —  Evidences   and 


see     Bible  —  Evidence 


md 


Authenticity 
authority 
— Authorship, 
authority 
— Bibliography 

See  also  Bible  —  Manuscripts;  Bible  — 
Versions 
— Biography 

See  also  Bible  —  History;  Saints 

— Birds,  see  Bible  —  Natural  history 
— Botany,  see  Bible  —  Natural  history 
— Canon 

See    also    Bible  —  Evidences    and     au- 
thority; Bible  —  Inspiration 

— Catechisms,  see  Bible  —  Question     books; 

Catechisms 
— Chronology 

See  also  Bible  —  History 

— Coins,  see  Bible  —  Numismatics 

— Colportage,    see    Bible  —  Publication    and 

distribution 
— Commentaries     [with     or    without     text. 
Commentaries    with    text    should    be 
entered  also  with  texts  of  the  Bible) 
See    also    Bible  —  Criticism    and    inter- 
pretation;    also    names    of   separate    books 
and  parts  of  the  Bible 


Refer  from  Book-making  (betting)  (s) : 
Bookmaking  (betting)  (s) ;  Gambling;  Sports: 
Wagers  (s) 


Refer  from  Chocolate;  Cider;  Cocoa  ;  Coffee ; 
Diet;  Drinks  (s) ;  Food;  Liquors;  Manufac- 
tures;  Mineral  waters;  Stimulants;  Tea;  Tem- 
perance 


Refer  from  Cards 


Refer  from  Christianity;  Church  history; 
God;  Holy  Scriptures  (s) ;  Jesus  Christ; 
Jewish  literature;  Jews;  Religion;  Revelation; 
Sacred  books;  Scriptures  (s) ;  Theology 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Bible  —  History; 
Biblical  archaeology  (s) ;  Christian  antiquities; 
Jews  —  Antiquities;  Palestine  —  Antiquities 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Bi'ble  —  Science 


Refer    from     Bible  —  History;     Biography; 
Saints 


Refer  from  Bible  —  Criticism  and  interpre- 
tation; Bible  —  Evidences  and  authority; 
Bible  —  Inspiration  ;  Canon  (Bible)  (s) 


Refer   from    Bible  —  History;    Chronology, 
Biblical  (s) ;  Chronology,  Historical 


Refer  from   Bible  —  Criticism   and   inlcrpre- 
talion;  Commentaries  (s) 


37 


Bible  —  Continued 
Concordances 

Credibility,     see     Bible  —  Evidences     and 

authority 

Criticism  and  interpretation 

See  also  Bible  —  Canon;  Bible  —  Com- 
mentaries; Bible  —  Evidences  and  au- 
thority; Modernism 


-Dictionaries 

-Distribution,  see  Bible  —  Publication  and 

distribution 
-Editions,  see  Bible  —  \'ersions 
-Ethnology 

See    also    Hittites ;    Jews  —  F"thnolog\-; 
Jews  —  Lost  tribes 
-Evidences  and  authority 

See    also     Bible  —  Canon;     Bible  —  In- 
spiration ;  Christianity  —  E\idences 


-Geography 

See    also    Palestine 
tra\el 


Description     and 


-Hermeneutics,   see    Bible  —  Criticism   and 

interpretation 
-Higher    criticism,     see     Bible  ■ —  Criticism 

and  interpretation 
-History 

See   also    Bible  —  Antiquities;    Bible  — 
Biography;     Bible  —  Chronology ;     Bible 

—  Stories  ;  Bible  —  Old  Testament  —  His- 
torical books;  Jews  —  History;   Palestine 

—  History.       For  history  of  editions  and 
versions  see  Bible  —  Versions 

-Illustrations,    see    Bible  —  Pictorial    illus- 
trations 

-Inspiration 

See  also   Bible  —  Canon;    Bible  —  Evi- 
dences and  authority 

-Interpretation,  see  Bible  —  Criticism   and 
interpretation 

-Introductions 

-Language,  style,  etc.,  see  Bible  —  Literary 
character 

-Literary  character 


-Literary  history,  see  Bible  —  Versions 
-Manuscripts 

-Medicine,  hygiene,  etc. 
-Miscellaneous 

-\I(jney,  see  Bible  —  Numismatics 
-Music 

See  also  Music  —  Jews 

-Natural  history 
-Numismatics 


Refer  from  Concordances  (s) 


Refer  from  Bible  —  Commentaries;  Bible  -  — 
Hermeneutics  (s) ;  Bible  —  Higher  criticism 
(s) ;  Bible  —  Interpretation  (s) ;  Bible  —  Tex- 
tual criticism  (s) ;  Criticism;  Exegesis  (s) ; 
Hermeneutics  (s) ;  Higher  criticism  (sj 


Refer  from  Ethnology;  Jews  —  Ethnology 


Refer  from  Authority  (in  religion);  Bible  — 
Authenticity  (s) ;  Bible  —  Authorship  (s) ; 
Bible  —  Canon;  Bible  —  Credibility  (s) ;  Bible 
—  Criticism  and  interpretation;  Bible  —  In- 
spiration; Christianity  —  Evidences  ;■  Eviden- 
ces of  the  Bible  (s) 

Refer  from  Atlases;  Geograph}-,  Ancient; 
Geography,  Biblical  (s);  Palestine  —  De- 
scription and  travel 


Refer  from  Bible — -Antiquities;  Bible — • 
Biography;  Bible  —  Chronology;  History,  An- 
cient;   Jews  —  Plistory  ;    Palestine — History; 

Sacred  history  (s) 


Refer    from     Bible  —  Canon;     Bible 
dences  and  authority;  Inspiration 


-Evi- 


Refer  from  Bible  —  Language,  style,  etc.  (s) ; 
Bible  —  Poetry    (s) ;    Bible    as    literature    (s) ; 

Literature 

Refer  from    Bible —  Bibliography;    Bible  — 
Versions 

Refer  from  Hygiene;  Mediciiie 


Refer  from  Church  music;  Music;  Music  — 
Jews 

Refer  from  Bible  —  Animals  (s) ;  Bible  — 
Birds  (s) ;  Bible  —  Botany  (s) ;  Bible  —  Science; 
Botany  of  the  Bible  (s) ;  Natural  history 

Refer  from  Bible  —  Coins  (s) ;  Bible  —  Mon- 
ey (s) ;  Numismatics 


38 


Bible  —  Continued 

Paraphrases 

Pictorial  illustrations 

See  also  Names  of  Bible  characters  and 
Biblical  subjects,  e.,e.   Jesus   Christ   in   art 
Poetry /f^"  Bible  —  Old  Testament — Poet- 
ical books;    Bible  —  Literary  character 

Prophecies 

See     also     Bible  —  Old     Testament  — 
Prophetical  books;  Prophets 

Psychology 

Publication  and  distribution 

See  also  Bible  societies 


-Question  books 

See  also  Catechisms 


Revision 

See  also  Bible 


Versions 


Science 

See   also    Bible  —  Astronomy;    Bible  — 
Natural  history 

Stories 

Study  and  teaching 

See  also  Sunday  school  lessons;  Sunday 
schools 

Textual    criticism,    see    Bible  — Criticism 

and  interpretation 

Theology,  see  Theology 

Translations,  see  Bible  —  Versions 

Versions 

5^1?  also  Bible  — •  Manuscripts;  Bible  — 
Revision 


Bible  —  Old  Testament 

Subdivided  like  the  Bible.  The  books  are 
arranged  here  in  canonical  order,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  A.  L.  A.  rule.  Alphabetical 
arrangement  under  Bible  —  Old  Testament 
and  Bible  —  New  Testament  may  be 
adopted  by  libraries  which  find  it  more 
convenient.  Reference  should  be  made 
from  the  name  of  each  book  in  the  main 
alphabet 

See  also  Talmud 


-Historical  books 
-Octateuch 
-Hexateuch 
-Pentateuch 
-Poetical  books 


-Prophetical  books 
-Genesis 

See    also    Creation;    Deluge;    Eden; 
Fall  of  man;  Patriarchs 
-Exodus 

See  also  Commandments 


Refer  from  Bible  —  Illustrations   (s)  ;   Chris- 
tian art  and  symbolism 


Refer  from  Prophecies;  Prophets 


Refer  from  Biblical  psychology  (s) ;  Psy- 
chology, Biblical  (s) 

Refer  from  Bible  —  Colportage  (s) ;  Bible  — 
Distribution  (s) ;  Bible  houses  (s) ;  Bible 
societies;  Colportage  (s) ;  Missions;  Tract 
societies 

Refer  from  Bible  —  Catechisms  (s) ;  Cate- 
chisms; Sunday  school  lessons 

Refer  from  Bible  —  Versions;  Revision  of 
the  Bible  (s) 


Refer  from  Bible  —  History;  Bible  stories  (s) 

Refer  from  Bible  classes  (s) ;  Bible  study  (s) ; 
Religious  education*    Sunday    school    lessons; 

Sunday  schools 


Refer  from  Bible  —  Bibliography;  Bible  — 
Editions  (s) ;  Bible  —  History;  Bible  —  Lit- 
erary history  (s) ;  Bible  —  Revision;  Bible  — 
Translations  (s) 


Refer  from  Hebrew  literature;  Jews  —  Re- 
ligion; Old  Testament  (s) 

Refer  from  Bible  —  History 

Refer  from  Octateuch  (s) 

Refer  from  Hexateuch  (s) 

Refer  from  Pentateuch  (s) 

Refer  from  Bible  —  Poetry  (s) ;  Hebrew 
poetry 

Refer  from  Bible  —  Prophecies 

Refer  from  Creation;  Deluge;  Eden;  Fall 
of  man ;  Patriarchs 

Refer  from  Commandments 


39 


Bible  —  Old  Testament  —  Continued 
Leviticu  s 

See  also  Mosaic  law  Refer  from  Mosaic  law 

Numbers 

Deuteronomy 

See  also  Ivlosaic  law  Refer  from  Mosaic  law 

Joshua 

Judges 

Ruth 

Samuel  i,  2 

Kings  I,  2 

Chronicles  i,  2 

Ezra 

Nehemiah 

Esther 

Job 

Psalms  Refer  from  Psalmody  (s) ;  Psalter  (s) 

Proverbs  Refer  from  Proverbs 

Ecclesiastes 

Song  of  Solomon  Refer  from  Canticles  (s) 

Isaiah 

Jeremiah 

Lamentations 


Ezekiel 

Daniel 

Hosea 

Joel 

Amos 

Obadiah 

Jonah 

Micah 

Nahum 

Habakkuk 

Zephaniah 

Haggai 

Zechariah 

Malachi 

Apocrypha  Refer  from  Apocrypha  (s) 

Esdras 

— Tobit 

Judith 

Wisdom  of  Solomon 

Ecclesiasticus 

Baruch 

Song  of  the  three  children 

Susanna 

Bel  and  the  dragon 

Prayer  of  Manasses 

-Maccabees  i,  2,  3,  4 


Other    apocryphal    books    in  alphabetic 

order,  as  :  y\dam,  Enoch,  Jasher 
Bible  —  New  Testament   [see  note  under  Old 
Testament] 
See     also     Apostles;     Church     history —  Refer    from     Apostles;     Church     liistory  — 

Early  church  —  Apostolic  ;  Jesus  Christ  Early    church  —  Apostolic;     I''.vangelisis     (s) ; 

Gospels  Jesus  Christ;  New  Testament  (s) 

S(V'  a/io  Jesus  Christ ;  Jesus  Christ —  Refer   from    Gospels     (s) ;    Jesus     Clirist  — 

Teaching;  Parables  Teaching;  Parables;  Synoptic  Gospels  (s) 

Harmonies  Refer  from  Harmony  of  the  Gospels  (s) 

Epistles  Refer  from  Pauline  epistles  (s) 

Matthew 

See   also    Beatitudes;    Lord's    prayer;  Refer     from      Beatitudes;      Lord's      pra\er; 

Sermon  on  the  mrnint  Sermon  on  the  mount 


-Mark 
-Luke 

See  also  Lord's  prayer  Refer  from  Lord's  prayer 

40 


Bible  —  New  Testament  —  Continued 

John 

Acts 

Romans 

Corinthians  i,  2 

Galatians 

Ephesians 

Philippians 

Colossians 

Thessalonians  i,  2 

Timothy  i,  2 

Titus 

— — - — Philemon 

Hebrews 

James 

Peter  i,  2 

Epistles  of  John 

Jude 

Revelation 

See  also  Apocalyptic  literature 


-Apocryphal  books 

See  also  Apostolic  constitut  ons 


Bible  and  science 

See  also  Religion  and  science 

Bible      as     literature      see      Bible  —  Literary 

character 
Bible  classes  see  Bible  —  Study  and  teaching; 

Sunday  schools 
Bible     houses     see     Bible  —  Publication     and 

distribution 
Bible  in  the  schools 

See    also    Church    and    education;    Public 

schools  a'nd  religion 

Bible  societies 

See  also  Bible  —  Publication  and  distribu- 
tion 

Bible  stories  see  Bible  —  Stories 

Bible  study  see  Bible  — ■  Study  and  teaching 

Biblical  archaeology  see  Bible  —  Antiquities 

Biblical  psychology  see  Bible  —  Psychology 

Biblical  theology  see  Theology 

Bibliography 

See  also  Anonyms ;  Archi\-es  ;  Block  books  ; 
Book  collecting ;  Book  rarities ;  Bookbinding ; 
Bookplates;  Books;  Books  and  reading; 
Cataloging;  Catalogs;  Catalogs,  Library; 
Classification;  Errors  and  blunders;  Lit- 
erary; Incunabula;  Indexes;  Indexing; 
Libraries;  Literature;  Manuscripts;  Period- 
icals—  Indexes;  Pseudonyms;  Reference 
books;  Titles  of  books;  also  names  of  litera- 
tures, as  American  literature,  and  names 
of  persons,  places  and  subjects,  subhead 
Bibliography 

Best    books,    see    Books    and    reading  — 

Best  books 

Rare  books,  see  Book  rarities 

Bibliomania  see  Book  collecting 

I)ibli<iphily  see  Book  collecting 

Bicycles  and  tricycles 

See  also  Cycling;  Motor  cycles;  Tires 


Refer    from    Apocalypse     (s) ;     Apocalyptic 
literature 

Refer  from  Apocryphal  books   (New  Testa- 
ment) (s) ;  Church  history  —  Early  church 

Refer  from  Bible;  Geology  and  the  Bible  (s) ; 
Religion  and  science;  Science  and  the  Bible  (s) 


Refer  from  Bible;  Church  and  education; 
Education;  Public  schools;  Public  schools  and 
religion;  Religious  education 

Refer  from  Bible;  Bible  —  Publication  and 
distribution ;  Societies 


Refer  from  Authors;  Books;  Books  and  read- 
ing; Catalogs;  Catalogs,  Library;  Libraries; 
Library  science;  Literary  history  (s) ;  Litera- 
ture 


Refer  fro) 
pedes  (s) 


Cycling;   Tricycles    (s) ;    Veloci- 


41 


Bicycling  see  Cycling 

Big  game  see  Game;  Hunting 

Bill-boards  see  Billposting 

Bill-posting  see  Billposting 

Billboards  see  Billposting 

Billiards 

Billposting 

See  also  Advertising;  Posters 

Bills  of  credit  see  Banks  and  banking;  Credit; 
Money;  Paper  money 

Bills    of    exchange    see    Banks    and    banking; 
Credit;  Exchange;  Money;  Paper  money 

Bills  of  fare  see  Menus 

Bimetallism 

iSV^  also  Banks  and  banking;  Coinage; 
Finance  ;  Gold  (as  money) ;  Money ;  Precious 
metals;  Silver  (as  money) 

Binders  see  Harvesting  machinery 

Binding  see  Bookbinding 

Biograph  see  Moving  pictures 

Biography 

See  also  Abolitionists;  Actors;  Aeronauts; 
Anecdotes;  Archaeologists;  Architects; 
Artists;  Authors;  Autobiography;  Auto- 
graphs ;  Bankers  ;  Bible  —  Biography ;  Book- 
sellers and  bookselling;  Brigands  and  rob- 
bers; Capitalists  and  financiers;  Chancellors, 
Lord;  Chief  justices;  Christian  biography; 
Classical  biography;  Clergy  —  Biography; 
Conjurors;  Crime  and  criminals;  Dentists; 
Diplomatic  memoirs;  Diplomats;  Educa- 
tors; Electricians;  Emperors;  Engineers; 
Engravers;  Epitaphs;  Executioners;  Ex- 
plorers; Genealogy;  Governors;  Heraldry; 
Hermits;  Heroes;  Historians;  History; 
Humorists;  Indians- — Biography;  Inven- 
tors; Judges;  Kings  and  rulers;  Lawyers; 
Librarians;  Loyalists,  American;  Manufac- 
turers; Mechanics  (persons);  Merchants; 
Military  biography;  Millionaires;  Ministers 
of  state;  Musicians;  Naturalists;  Naval 
biography;  Obituaries;  Orators;  Peerage; 
Pharmacists;  Philanthropists;  Philoso- 
phers; Physicians  and  surgeons;  Pilgrim 
fathers;  Popes  —  Biography;  Portraits; 
Presidents;  Princes  and  princesses;  Printers; 
Prophets;  Queens  and  empresses;  Reform- 
ers; Regicides;  Scientists;  Shoemakers; 
Statesmen;  Table-talk;  Tailors;  Teachers; 
Thieves;  Travelers;  Women  —  Biography; 
also  names  of  countries  and  cities,  subhead 
Biography 

Biological  chemistry  see  Physiological  chemis- 
try 

Biological  laboratories 

Biology 

.SVi?  also  Acclimatization;  Adaptation 
(biology);  Anatomy;  Bacteriology;  Bio- 
logical laboratories;  Botany;  Cells;  Color 
of  animals  ;  Color  of  plants  ;  Death  ;  Ecolog)' ; 
Electrophysiology  ;  Embryology;  Enzymes; 
Evolution;  Heredity;  Hermaphroditism; 
Hybridization  ;  Hygiene  ;  Irritability;  Kar- 
yokinesis  ;  Life  —  Origin  ;  Longevity  ;  Marine 


Refer  Jrom  Games 

Refer  from  Advertising;  Bill-boarda  (s)  ; 
Bill-posting  (s)  ;  Billboards  (sj ;  Municipal 
improvement;  Posters 


Refer  from  Coinage;  Finance;  Gold  (as 
money) ;  Joint  standard  (s) ;  Mone}- ;  Silver 
(as  money) 


Refer  from   Contemporaries   (s) ;  Genealogy; 
History;  Lives  (s) ;  Memoirs  (sj 


Refer  from  Biology;  Laboratories 

Refer  from  Botany;  Ceils;  Death;  Embry- 
ology; Evolution;  Heredity;  Life;  Life  — 
Origin;  Morphology;  Natural  histor}';  Philos- 
ophy; Physiology;  Protoplasm;  Regeneration 
(biology);  Reproduction;  Science;  Zoology 


42 


biology;  Metabolism;  Microscope  and  mi- 
croscopy; Mimicry  (biology);  Morphology; 
Natural  history;  Parasites;  Parthenogene- 
sis; Physiology;  Plankton;  Protoplasm; 
Regeneration  (biology);  Reproduction;  Sex; 
Species;  Spontaneous  generation;  Varia- 
tion (biology);  V'italism;  Zoology 

Biomagnetism  see  Animal  magnetism 

Bionomics  see  Ecology 

Bioplasm  see  Protoplasm 

Biplanes  see  Aeroplanes 

Bird  day 

Bird-song  see  Birds  —  Song 

Birds 

See  also  Bird  day;  Birds'  eggs;  Cage 
birds;  Falconry;  Feathers;  Flight;  Game 
birds;  Nests;  Poultry;  Taxidermy;  Verte- 
brates; Water  birds;  Wings;  also  names  of 
birds,  e.  g.  Canaries,  Eagles,  Ostriches, 
Parrots,  Pigeons,  Robins,  Sparrows 

Fossil 

Migration 

See  also  Animals  —  Migration 

Protection 

See  also  Audubon  societies;  Game  laws; 
Game  protection 

Song 

Stories 

U.  S. 

Useful  and  injurious 

Birds    and    agriculture    see    Birds,    Useful    and 

injurious 
Birds'  eggs    • 

Sec  also  Birds 
Birds'  nests  see  Nests 
Birth  rate 

See  also  Vital  statistics 

Birth  records  see  Vital  records 
Birth  stones 

Birthday  books 
Birthdays 

See  also  Anniversaries ;  Birthday  books 
Bishops 

See  also  Apostolic  succession  ;  Archbishops  ; 
Catholic  church  —  Clergy;  Church  of  Eng- 
land —  Clergy;  Church  polity;  Episcopacy; 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  —  Clergy; 
Ordination;  Protestant  Episcopal  church 
in  the  U.  S. —  Clergy 


Refer  from  Birds;  Holidays 


Rejer from  An'\n\a.\s;  Birds'  eggs;  Canaries; 
Eagles;  Flight;  Nature  study;  Nests ;  Ornith- 
ology (s) ;  Ostriches  ;  Parrots  ;  Pigeons  ;  Robins  ; 
Sparrows;  Vertebrates;  Water  birds;  Wings; 
Zoology 

Refer  Jrom  Paleontology 

Refer  from  Animals  —  Migration;  Migra- 
tion of  birds  (s) 

Refer  from  Protection  of  birds  (s) 

Refer  from  Bird-song  (s) ;  Song  of  birds  (s) 

Refer  from  Animals  —  Stories 

Refer  from  U.  S. —  Birds  (s) ;  U.  S. —  Ornith- 
ology (s) ;  Zoology  — ■  U.  S. 

Refer  from  Agricultural  pests;  Agriculture; 
Birds  and  agriculture  (s) ;    Zoology,  Economic 


Refer  from  Birds;  Eggs;  Nests;  Oology  (s) 


Refer  from  Children;  Population;  \'ital 
statistics 

Refer  from  Charms;  Natal  stones  (s)  ; 
Precious  stones 

Refer  from  Birthdays 

Refer  from  Anniversaries;  Days 

Rrfer  from  Apostolic  succession  ;  Archbishops  ; 
Catholic  church  —  Biography  ;  Catholic  church 
— -Clergy;  Christian  biography;  Church  of 
England  —  ]5iography;  Church  of  I^ngland 
— -Clergy;  Episcopacy;  Methodist  Episcopal 
church;  Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the 
U.  S.—  Clergy. 


Bison 

See  also  Ungulata 
Bites,  Venomous,  see  V^enom 
l>itumen  see  Asphalt 
Bituminous  coal  see  Coal 
Bivalves 

See  also  Mollusks;  Oysters 

Black  art  see  Witclicraft 


Refer  from  Buffalo,  American  (s) ;  Ungulata 


Refer  from    Accphala     (s) ;    Lamellibranchi- 
ata  (s) ;  Mollusks;  0\-stcrs 


43 


Black  death 

Sre  also  London  —  Epidemics;  Plague 


Black  Hawk  war,  1832 

See    also     Illinois  —  History;     Indians  — 
Wars  ;  U.  S. —  History  —  1815-1861 
Black  lead  see  Graphite 
Blackfoot  Indians 

See  also  Algonquian  Indians 

Blacking 
Blacklisting 

See  also  Bo\'Cott ;   Employers'  associations 


Blacksmithing 

See  also  Forging;  Horseshoeing;  Ironwork; 
Welding 
Blankets 

See  also  Indians  —  Industries 

Blast  furnaces 

See     also     Blowing     engines;     Cast     iron; 
Cupola  furnaces;  Slag 
Blasting 

See  also  Explosives;  Mines,  IMilitary; 
Mining  engineering;  Quarries  and  quarrying 

Bleaching 

See  also  Cleaning;  Drying;  Dyes  and  dye- 
ing_ 
Bleeding  see  Bloodletting;  Hemorrhage 
Blind 

See  also  Color  blindness ;  Defectives 

Asylums  and  education 

Books  for  the 

Blindness  see  Blind 
Blizzards  see  Storms 
Block  books 

See  also  Printing;  Wood  engraving 

Block  signal  system  see  Railroads  —  Signals 
Blockade 

See  also  International  law;  Neutrality 

Blood 

See  also  Arteries;  Blood  vessels;  Blood- 
letting; Heart;  Hemorrhage;  Ph)-siological 
chcmistr)';  Physiology;  Sphygmograph ; 
Veins 

Blood  vessels 

See  also  Arteries;  Blood;  Heart;  Vascular 
system ;  Veins 
Bloodletting 

See  also  Cupping 


Blowers  see  Fans,  Mechanical 
Blowing  engines 

See  also  IMast  furnaces 


Refer  from  Contagion  and  contagious  dis- 
eases ;  England  —  History  —  Plantagenets  ; 
Epidemics;  London — Epidemics;  Aledicine 
—  Practice;  Plague 

Refer  from  Illinois — History;  Indians  — 
Wars;  U.  S. —  History —  1815-1861 


Refer  from  Algonquian  Indians 

Refer  from  Boots  and  shoes;  Leather 

Refer  from  Boycott ;  Emplo}-ers'  associations  ; 
Labor  laws;  Labor  unions;  Strikes  and  lock- 
outs 

Refer  from  Forge  work  (s) ;  Forging;  Horse- 
shoeing; Industrial  arts;  Ironwork 

Refer  from  Indians  —  Industries;  Textile 
industry  and  fabrics;  Wea\-ing 

Refer  from  Blowing  engines;  Furnaces;  Iron; 
Metallurgy;  Slag;  Smelting;  Tuyeres  (s) 

Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Engineering; 
Iilxplosives ;  Mines,  Military;  Mining  engineer- 
ing; Quarries  and  quarrying;  Stone;  Tunnels 

Refer  from  Cleaning;  Dyes  and  dyeing; 
Textile  industry  and  fabrics 


Refer  from  Blindness  (s) ;  Defectives;  Eye; 
Eye  —  Diseases  and  defects;  Sight 

Refer  from  Asylums;  Charities;  Charities, 
Medical;  Education;  Homes  (institutions)  (s) 

Refer  from  Books  for  the  blind  (s) 


Refer  from  Bibliography ;  Books  ;  Incunabula  ; 
Printing;  Wood  engraving;  Xylography  (s) 


Refer  from  International  law;  Naval  art 
and  science;  Neutrality;  War 

Refer  from  Arteries;  Blood  vessels;  Circula- 
tion of  the  blood  (s) ;  Ha^matology  (s) ;  Heart; 
Hematology  (s) ;  Pathology;  Physiological 
chemistry;  Ph>-siolog)- ;  Vascular  s\-stem; 
Veins 

Refer  from  Arteries;  Blood;  Heart;  \'ascular 
system ;  Veins 

Refer  from  Bleeding  (s) ;  Blood;  Cupping; 
Hemorrhage  ;  Phlebotomy  (s) ;  Surgery  ;  Thera- 
peutics ;  Venesection  (s) 


Refer  from  Blast  furnaces;  Engines;  Mechan- 
ical draft 


44 


Blowpipe 

Sfc  also  Assaying;  Chemistry  —  Analysis  ; 
Mineralogy;  Welding 

Blue  glass  cure  see  Phototherapy 
Blue  language  see  Bolak 
Blue  laws 

Blue  prints 

See  also  Photography  —  Printing  processes 


Blunders 

See     also     Anecdotes;      Errors,     Popular; 
Errors  and  blunders,  Literary 
Boarding  schools  see  Private  schools 
Boards  of  health  see  Health  boards 
Boards  of  trade 

See  also  under  names  of  cities 

Boat    building   see   Boats    and    boating;    Ship- 
building; Yachts  and  yachting 

Boating  see  Boats  and  boating 

Boats  and  boating 

Se'  also  Aquatic  sports;  Canal  boats; 
Canoes  and  canoeing;  Fire  boats;  House 
boats;  Ice  boats;  Lifeboats;  Motor  boats; 
Navigation;  Rowing;  Sailing;  Ships;  Skip- 
jacks; Steam  launches;  Submarine  boats; 
Torpedo  boats;  Yachts  and  yachting 

Bod}',  Human,  see  Anatomy;  Physiology 

Body  and  mind  see  Alind  and  body 

Boer  war,   1899-1902,  see  South  African    war, 
1899-1902 

Boers 

See  also  South  African  war,  1 899-1902; 
Transvaal 

Bog  fuel  see  Briquets  ;  Peat 

Bogs  see  Alarshes 

Bohemian  brethren  see  Moravians 

Bohemian  language 

See  also  Slavic  languages 

Bohemian  literature 

See  also  Slavic  literature 

Bohemianism 

Bohemians  in  the  U.  S. 

Se.'  also  Sla\s  in  the  U.  S. 

Boiler  explosions 
Boiler  scale 

See  also  Feed  water 

Boiler  tests  see  Boilers  —  Testing 
Boilers 

See   also    Boiler   explosions;    Boiler   scale; 

Feed  water;  Fuel;  Injectors;  Safety  valves; 

Steam;  Steam  engines 

Marine 

See   also    Marine   engineering;    Marine 

en<'incs 


-Testing 


Refer  from  Analysis  (chemistry)  (s) ;  Assay- 
ing; Chemical  apparatus;  Chemistry  —  Analy- 
sis; Metals;  Mineralogy;  Welding 


Refer  from  Connecticut  —  Law;  Law;  Puri- 
tans 

Refer  from  Architectural  drawing;  Cyano- 
type  (s) ;  Photography;  Photography —  Print- 
ing processes 

Refer  from  Anecdotes;  Errors,  Popular; 
Errors  and  blunders,  Literary;  Mistakes  (s) 


Refer   from    Business;    Chambers    of    com- 
merce (s) ;  Commerce;  Trade,  Boards  of  (s) 


Refer  from  Aquatic  Sports;  Boat  build- 
ing (s) ;  Boating  (s) ;  Canoes  and  canoeing; 
Locomotion;  Navigation;  Rowing;  Sailing; 
Shipbuilding;  Ships;  Sports;  Yachts  and 
yachting 


Refer  from  Transvaal 


Refer  from  Czechic  language  (s) ;  Slavic 
languages 

Refer  from  Czechic  literature  (s) ;  Slavic 
literature 

Refer  from  Artists;  City  life;  Manners  and 
customs 

Refer  from  Slavs  in  the  U.  S. ;  U.  S. —  For- 
eign population 

Refer  frorn  Accidents;  Boilers;  Explosions 

Refer  from  Boilers;  Chemistry,  Technical; 
Feed  water;  Pipe 


Refer  from  Feed  water;  Furnaces;  Heating; 
Injectors;  Mechanical  engineering;  Power 
plants,  Steam ;  Safety  valves;  Steam;  Steam 
boilers  (s) ;  Steam  engines 

Refer  from  Marine  boilers  (s) ;  Marine  en- 
gineering; Marine  engines;  Naval  boilers  (s) ; 
Steam  na\'igaiion;  Steamboats 

Refer  from  Boiler  tests  (s) ;  Testing  (s) 


45 


Boiling  points 

See  also  Chemistry,  Physical;  Distillation 

Bolak 

Boll  weevil 

See  also  Cotton  —  Diseases  and  pests 


Bolts  and  nuts 

See  also  Machine  design 

Bond  servants  see  Indentured  servants 
Bonding  companies  see  Guaranties  and  sureties 
Bonds 

See  also  Corporations;  Debts,  Public; 
Finance;  Guaranties  and  sureties;  Invest- 
ments; Securities;  Stocks 


Bone  black  see  Animal  charcoal 
Bone  implements 

See      also       Indians  —  Implements       and 
weapons 
Bone  products 

See  also   Animal   charcoal ;   Animal   prod- 
ucts;  Glue;  Phosphates 
Bones 

See  also  Anatomy;  Bone  products;  Dis- 
locations; Fractures;  Joints;  Skeleton; 
Skull ;  Spine 

Diseases 

Book    auctions    see    Book    prices ;    Booksellers 

and  bookselling 
Book  clubs 
Book  collecting 

See  also  Book  rarities;  Bookplates; 
Libraries,  Private 

Book  covers 

See  also  Bookbinding;  Design,  Decorative 

Book  dedication 

Book  illustration  see  Illustration  of  books 
Book-making     (betting)     see    Betting;     Horse 

racing 
Book-plates  see  Bookplates 
Book  prices 

See  also  Booksellers  and  bookselling 

Book  rarities 

See  also  Book  collecting;  Incunabula 


Book    repairing    see    Books  — ■  Repairing    and 

preserving 
Book  reviews 

See   also    Books    and    reading;    Criticism; 
Literature —  Ilistorv  and  criticism 


Book   sales   see   Book   prices;    Booksellers   and 

bookselling 
Book  shelves  see  Shelving  (for  books) 


Refer  from  Chemistry,  Physical;  Heat; 
Liquids;  Solution  (chemistry);  Temperature 

Refer  from  Blue  language  (s) ;  Language, 
Artificial ;  Langue  bleue  (s) 

Refer  from  Cotton  —  Diseases  and  pests; 
Cotton-boll  weevil  (s) ;  Mexican  boll  weevil  (s) ; 
Mexican  cotton-boll  wee\il  (s)  ;  Weevils 

Refer  from  Hardware;  Machine  design; 
Nuts  (machinery)  (s) 


Refer  from  Contracts;  Corporations;  Fi- 
nance; Guaranties  and  sureties;  Invest- 
ments; Municipal  bonds  (s) ;  Municipal 
finance;  Negotiable  instruments;  Securities; 
Stocks 


Refer     from      Implements,      utensils,      etc.; 
Indians  —  Implements  and  weapons;  Tools 

Refer  from   Animal   charcoal;   Animal   prod- 
ucts; Bones;  Glue;  Phosphates 

Refer  from    Anatomy;    Dislocations;    Frac- 
tures; Osteology  (s) ;  Skeleton;  Surgery 

Refer  from  Medicine —  Practice 


Refer  from  Clubs;  Libraries 

Refer  from  Bibliography;  Bibliomania  (s) ; 
Bibliophily  (s) ;  Book  rarities;  Collectors  and 
collecting;  Libraries;  Libraries,  Private 

Refer  fro7n  Bookbinding;  Cover  design  (s) ; 
Design,  Decorative 

Refer  from  Authorship;  Dedication  of 
books  (s) 


Refer  from  Book  auctions  (s) ;  Book 
sales  (s) ;  Booksellers  and  bookselling;  Prices 

Refer  from  Bibliograph)- ;  Bibliography  — 
Rare  books  (s) ;  Book  collecting;  Incunabula; 
Rare  books  (s) 


Refer  from  Appraisal  of  books  (s) ;  Books  — 
Appraisal  (s) ;  Books  and  reading;  Criticism; 
Isvaluation  of  literature  (s) ;  Literature  — - 
History  and  criticism;  Publishers  and  publish- 
ing ;  Reviews  (s) 


46 


Book  stacks  see  Shehing  (for  books) 

Book  titles  see  Titles  of  books 

Book    trade   see    Booksellers    and    bookselling; 

Publishers  and  publishing 
Book-worms  see  Bookworms 
Bookbinding 

See  also  Book  covers ;  Marbling 


Bookcases  see  Shelving  (for  books) 
Bookkeeping 

Sfi'   also   Accounting;    Auditing;    Business 

education;    Card    s\'stcm    in    business;    Cost 

accounting;  Municipal  accounts 
Bookmaking     (betting)     see     Betting;     Horse 

racing 
Bookplates 

Books 

See  also  Bibliography;  Block  books; 
Bookbinding;  Bookplates;  Books  and  read- 
ing; Booksellers  and  bookselling;  Book- 
worms; Cataloging;  Catalogs,  Library; 
Chained  books;  Classification;  Colophons; 
Copyright;  Illumination  of  manuscripts 
and  books;  Illustration  of  books;  Libraries; 
Literature;  IV'Ianuscripts ;  Reference  books; 
Printing;  Prohibited  books;  Publishers  and 
publishing ;  Shelving  (for  books) ;  Textbooks  ; 
Title-pages;  Titles  of  books;  Writing;  also 
headings  beginning  Book 

Appraisal,  see  Book  reviews;    Books    and 

reading;  Books  and  reading — Best 
books;  Criticism;  Literature  —  History 
and  criticism 

Repairing  and  preserving 

See  also  Bookworms 
Books  and  reading 

See  also  Bibliography;  Book  reviews; 
Books;  Children's  literature;  Fiction  in 
libraries;  Libraries;  Literature;  Prohibited 
books;  Reference  books 

Best  books 

See  also  Children's  literature 


Books  for  the  blind  see  Blind,  Books  for  the 
Booksellers  and  bookselling 

See   also    l?ook    j^ricos ;    Catalogs,  Booksel- 
lers';  Copyright;  Publishers  and  publishing 


Booksellers'     catalogs     see     Catalogs,      Book 

sellers' 
Bocjksclling  see  Booksellers  and  bookselling 
Bookworms 

See  also  Books  —  Repairing  and  prescr\  - 

ing 

Boomerangs 

Boone's  trail  see  Wilderness  road 
Boots  and  shoes 

See  also  Blacking;  Leather;  Shoemakers 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Bibliography; 
Binding  (s) ;  Book  covers;  Books;  Industrial 
arts;  Library  science 


Refer  from  Accounting;  Arithmetic,  Commer- 
cial;  Auditing;  Business;  Business  education; 
Commerce 


Refer  from  Bibliography;  Book  collecting; 
Book-plates  (s) ;  Books ;  Ex  libris  (s) 

Refer  from  Bibliography;  Books  and  read- 
ing; Copyright;  Libraries;  Literature;  Pale- 
ography; Printing;  Publishers  and  publishing; 
VVriting 


Refer  from  Book  repairing  (s) ;  Bookworms 

Refer  from  Appraisal  of  books  (s) ;  Bibli- 
ography; Book  reviews;  Books;  Books  — 
Appraisal  (s) ;  Choice  of  books  (s) ;  Education  ; 
Evaluation  of  literature  (s) ;  Libraries;  Litera- 
ture; Reading;  Self-culture 

Refer  from  Appraisal  of  books  (s) ;  Best 
books  (s) ;  Bibliography  —  Best  books  (s) ; 
Books  —  Appraisal  (s) ;  Evaluation  of  litera- 
ture (s) 


Refer  from  Biography;  Book  auctions  (s) ; 
Book  prices;  Book  sales  (s) ;  Book  trade  (s) ; 
Books;  Bookselling  (s) ;  Commerce;  Copy- 
rigiit;  Literature;  Publishers  and  publishing 


Refer  from  Book-worms  (s) ;  Books;  Books  — 
Repairing  and  prcscr\ing;  Insects,  Injurious 
and  beneficial 

Refer  from  vXrnis  and  armor 


Refer  from  Costume;  Foot;  Leather;  Manu- 
factures ;  Shoes  (s) 


47 


Bordeaux  mixture 

St'i'  also  Fungicides;  Spraying 
Border  life  see  Frontier  and  pioneer  life 

Borders  of  Scotland 


Boring 

See     also     Artesian 
Shaft  sinking 


wells 


Rock     drills; 


Boring     (metal     working,     etc.)     see     Drilling 

(perforating) 
Boroughs 

See      also      Cities;      Local      government; 
Municipal       corporations;       Representative 
government  and  representation;  Towns 
Bosjesmen  see  Bushmen 
Boss  rule 

See  also  Graft;  Political  corruption 


Bossism  see  Boss  rule 
Boston  massacre,  1770 

See  also  U.  S.  —  History 
Causes 


Revolution  — 


Boston  tea  party,  1773 

See     also     U.    S.  — 
—  Causes 


History  —  Revolution 


Botanical    chemistry    see    Plants  —  Chemistry 
and  nutrition 

Botanical  gardens 

See  also  Gardens;  Parks 

Botanical  museums 

Botanical  nomenclature  see  Botany  —  Nomen- 
clature 

Botanical  societies 

Botanists 

See  also  Naturalists 

Botanizing    see    Plants  —  Collection  and  pres- 
ervation 

Botany  [for  systematic  works  and  those  dealing 
with  botany  as  a  science] 
See  also  Alpine  plants;  Annuals  (plants); 
Aquatic  plants;  Bacteriology;  Biology; 
Botanists;  Buds;  Bulbs;  Cells;  Climbing 
plants;  Color  of  flowers;  Cryptogams; 
Desert  vegetation;  Evolution;  Fertilization 
of  plants;  Floriculture;  Flow-ers ;  Forests 
and  forestry;  F'ossil  plants;  Fruit;  Garden- 
ing; Geographical  distribution  of  animals 
and  plants;  Hybridization;  Insectivorous 
plants;  Leaves;  Medical  botany;  Mendel's 
law;  Microscope  and  microscopy;  Natural 
history;  Nature  study;  Parasites;  Phanero- 
gams; Plants;  Seedlings;  Seeds;  Shrubs; 
Trees;  Tropical  plants;  Variation  (biology); 
Vegetables;  Weeds;  also  headings  beginning 
Botanical  and  Plant,  and  names  of  plants, 
and  of  divisions,  orders,  etc.,  of  the  vegetable 
kingdom;  also  names  of  cities,  subhead 
Botany 

Agricultural,  see  Botany,  Economic 

Anatomy,  see  Botan}-,  Structural 


Refer  from  Fungicides;  Spraying 


Refer  from  Scotland ;  Scottish  borders  (s) ; 
Scottish  marches  (s) 

Refer  from  Artesian  wells;  Civil  engineering; 
Diamond  drilling  (s) ;  Drilling  (earth  and 
rock)  (s) ;  Engineering;  Hydraulic  engineering; 
Mining  engineering;  Rock  drills;  Shaft  sink- 
ing; Wells 


Refer  from  Cities;  Local  government;  Mu- 
nicipal corporations;  Representative  govern- 
ment and  representation ;  Towns 


Refer  from  Bossism  (s) ;  Political  bosses  (s) : 
Political  corruption;  Politics 


Refer  from  Boston  —  History;  ^lassacres  ; 
Massachusetts  —  History  ;  U.  S.  —  History  — 
Revolution  —  Causes 

Refer  from  Boston — History;  Taxation  — 
U.  S. ;  Tea  ;  U.  S.  —  History  —  Revolution  — 
Causes 


Refer  from  Gardens;  Parks 
Refer  from  Museums 


Refer  from  Scientific  societies;  Societies 
Refer  from  Botany;  Naturalists;  Scientists 


Refer  from  Ax\n-\Jii[s  (plants);  Biology;  Buds; 
Cryptogams;  Flora  (s) ;  Flowers;  Gardening; 
Insectivorous  plants;  Leaves;  Natural  history; 
Nature;  Nature  study;  Phanerogams;  Plants; 
Science;  Shrubs;  Trees;  Vegetable  kingdom  (s) 


48 


Botany  —  Continued 
Classification 

See  also  Botany 


Nomenclature 


-Ecology,  see  Ecology 
-Economic 

•S^^  also  Agricultural  products,  and 
names  of  products;  Forest  products,  and 
names  of  products;  Grasses;  Medical 
botany;  Plants,  Cultivated;  Poisonous 
plants ;  Weeds 
-Embryology 

See  also  Cells;  Germinaticin ;  Seeds 

-Fossil,  see  Fossil  plants 
-Geographic,     see     Geographical     distribu- 
tion of  animals  and  plants 
-Histology,  see  Botany,  Structural 
-History 

-Medical,  see  Medical  botany 
-Morphology,  see  Botany,  Structural 
-Nomenclature 


-Organography,  see  Botany,  Structural 

-Pathology,  see  Plants  —  Diseases 

-Physiology 

See  also  Botany — Embryology;  Bot- 
any, Structural;  Climbing  plants;  Color 
of  flowers;  Color  of  plants;  Fermenta- 
tion; Fertilization  of  plants;  Galls  (bot- 
any); Germination;  Insectivorous  plants; 
Metabolism;  Phosphorescence;  Plants  — 
Chemistry  and  nutrition;  Plants,  Effect 
of  ch'emicals  on;  Plants — Movements; 
Roots 

-Structural 

See  also  Bark;  Botany  —  Physiology; 
Cells;  Flowers;  Leaves;  Roots;  Seeds 


Study  and  teaching 

U.  S. 

Botany    of     the     Bible     see     Bible — Natural 

history 
Boulders 

See  also  Drift;  Glaciers;  Moraines 

Boundaries 

See   also   Frontiers;    Northeast    boundary 
of  the  U.   S. ;   Northwest   boundary  of  the 
U.   S.;  also  names  of  countries,   states   and 
cities,  subhsad  Boundaries 
Bounties 

See  also  Subsidies 

Military 

See  also  Recruiting  and  enlistment 


Refer   from    Classification;    Plants  —  Classi- 
fication (s) 


Refer  from  Agricultural  botany  (s) ;  Agri- 
cultural products;  Agriculture;  Botany,  Agri- 
cultural (s) ;  Economic  botany  (s) ;  Forest 
products;  Medical  botany;  Plants,   Useful  (s) 


Refer    from     Botany — Physiology;     Cells; 
Embryology;  Plant  embryology  (s) ;  Seeds 


Refer  from  Botanical  nomenclature  (s) ; 
Botany — Classification;  Names;  Nomen- 
clature fs) ;  Plant  names  (s) ;  Plants  — 
Names(sj;  Terminology  (s) 


Refer  from  Botany,  Structural;  Climbing 
plants;  Color  of  flowers;  Color  of  plants; 
Fertilization  of  plants;  Germination;  In- 
sectivorous plants;  Metabolism;  Physiologi- 
cal botany  (s) ;  Physiology  of  plants  (s) ; 
Plant  physiology  (s) ;  Plants  —  Chemistry 
and  nutrition;  Plants  —  Habits  (s) ;  Plants  — 
Movements;  Plants  —  Physiology  (s) ;  Vege- 
table physiology  (s) 

Refer  from  Anatomy  of  plants  (s) ;  Bark; 
Botany  —  Anatomy  (s) ;  Botany — Histol- 
ogy (s) ;  Botany  —  Morphology  (s) ;  Botany 
—  Organography  (s) ;  Botany  —  Physiology; 
Cells;  Histology;  Leaves;  Morphology;  Mor- 
phology of  plants  (s) ;  Organography  (s) ; 
Plant  anatomy  (s) ;  Plant  morphology  (s) ; 
Plants  —  Anatomy  (s) ;  Plants — Morphol- 
ogy (s) ;  Roots;  Structural  botany  (s) ;  Wood 


Refer  from   Natural  history  —  U.   S. 
—  Botany  (s) ;  U.  S. —  Flora  (s) 


U.   S. 


Refer  from  Bowlders  (s) ;  Drift;  Errat- 
ics (s) ;  Geology;  Glaciers;  Moraines 

Refer  from  Frontiers;  Geograpln-;  Geog- 
raphy, Political  (s) ;  History;  International 
law 


Refer  from  Compensation  (s) ;  Rewards 
(prizes,  etc.) ;  Subsidies 

Refer  from  Military  art  and  science;  Mili- 
tary bounties  (s) ;  Pensions;  Recruiting  and 
enlistment 


49 


Bow  (music)  see  Stringed  instruments;  \'io!in 
Bow  and  arrow 

Sec  also  Archery;  Arrowheads 

Bowed  instruments  see  Stringed  instruments 

Bowlders  see  Boulders 

Bowling 

Bows  see  Bow  and  arrow 

Box  making 

Boxers 

See  also  China  —  History;  Eastern  ques- 
tion (Far  East) ;  Alissions  —  China 

Boxing 

Boy  see  Boys 

Boy  choirs  see  Choirs 

Boy  scouts 

Boycott 

See  also  Blacklisting;  Consumers'  leagues; 
Labor  unions;  Strikes  and  lockouts 

Boys 

See  also  Apprentices;   Boy  scouts;   Boys' 
clubs;    Child    labor;    Children;    Education; 
Juvenile     delinquency;     Newsboys;     School 
children;  Truancy;  Young  men;  Youth 
Boys'  clubs 

See  also  Boy  scouts 
Bracelets 

See  also  Jewelry 
Brachiopoda 

See  also  Invertebrates 
Brachygra.phy  see  Shorthand 
Brahmanism 

iSt'i?    also    Buddhism;    Caste;    Hinduism; 
India —  Religion;  Vedanta;  Vedas 
Braidism  see  Hypnotism 
Brain 

See  also  Aphasia;  Apoplexy;  Dreams; 
Fatigue,  Mental;  Feeble-minded;  Head; 
Idiocy;  Insanity;  Intellect;  Memory;  Men- 
tal diseases;  Meningitis;  Mind  and  body; 
Nervous  system;  Paralysis;  Phrenology; 
Psychology;  Psychometry ;  Sleep;  Tre- 
phining 
Brakes 

See  also  Air  brakes;  Safety  devices 

Brandy 

See  also  Distillation  ;  Liquors 
Brass 

See  also  Alloys;  Brasses 

Brass  instruments  see  Wind  instruments 
Brasses 


Bravery  see  Courage 

Brazing  see  Solder  and  soldering 

Bread 

See    also    Baking;    Cooker\' ;     I'lour    and 
flour  mills 
Bieadstuffs  see  Grain 
Breakfast  foods  see  Cereals,  Prepared 


Refer    from     Archery;     Arms     and     armor; 
Arrowheads;  Arrows  (s) ;  Bows  (sj 


Refer  from  Games;  Ten  pins  (s) ;  Tenpins  (s) 
Refer  from  Manufactures 

Refer  from  China  —  History;  Eastern  ques- 
tion (Far  East);  Missions  —  China;  Secret 
societies 

Refer  from  Athletics;  Fighting  (s) ;  Prize 
fighting  (s) ;  Pugilism  (s) ;  Sparring  (s) ;  Sports 

Refer  from  Boys;  Boys'  clubs;  Scouts  and 
scouting 

Refer  from  Blacklisting;  Labor  and  capital; 
Labor  laws;  Labor  unions;  Strikes  and  lock- 
outs 

Refer  from  Boy  (s) ;  Children;  Conduct  of 
life;  Young  men;  Young  people  (s) ;  Youth 


Refer  from  Boys;  Clubs;  Social  settlements 

Refer  from  Jewelry 

Refer  from  Invertebrates;  Marine  zoology 


Refer  from    Buddhism;    Caste;    Hinduism; 
India  —  Religion  ;  Religions 


Refer  from  Head;  Insanity;  Intellect;  Men- 
tal diseases;  Mental  physiology  (s) ;  Mind  and 
body;  Nervous  system;  Physiology;  Psy- 
chology; Psychology,  Physiological;  Skull 


Refer  from  Air  brakes;  Railroads;  Railroads 
—  Equipment  and  supplies;  Safely  devices 

Refer  from  Alcohol;  Distillation;  Liquors 

Refer  from  Alloys;  Copper;  Metals;  Slieet- 
metal  work ;  Zinc 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Art;  Brass;  Epi- 
taphs; Inscriptions;  Metal  work;  Monumental 
brasses  (s) ;  Monuments;  Tombs 


Refer  from  Baking;  Cookery;  Food 


50 


Breakfasts 

See    also     Cereals,     Prepared;     Cookery; 
Menus 
Breakwaters 

See  also  Ci\il  engineering;  Jetties;  Piles 
and  pile  driving 

Breathing 

See     also     Chest;      Lungs;     Physiolog}' ; 
Respiratory     organs;     Singing     and     voice 
culture;  \^oicc ;  Yawning 
Breeding 

See    also     Domestic     animals;     Eugenics; 
Heredity;  Hybridization;  Live  stock;  Men- 
del's law;  Plant  breeding 
Breton  club  see  Jacobins 
Breviaries 

See  also  Catholic  church  —  Liturgy  and 
ritual;  Liturgies 

Brewing 

See  also  Ale;  Beer;  Chemistr}',  Technical; 
Enzymes;  Liquors;  Malt 

Bribery 

See  also  Graft;  Political  corruption 

Bric-a-brac 

See      also      Decoration      and      ornament; 
Pottery 
Bricklaying 

See  also  Masonry 
Bricks 

See  also  Bricklaying;  Building  materials; 
Clay;     Clay    industries;     Masonry;     Pave- 
ments ;  Tiles 
Bridal    customs    see    Marriage    customs    and 

rites;  Weddings 
Bridge  (game)  see  Bridge  whist 
Bridge  whist 

See  also  Cards  ;  Whist 
Bridges 

See  also  Arches  ;  Cables ;  Civil  engineering ; 
Culverts;  Drawbridges;  Girders;  Graphic 
statics;  Alasonry;  Military  bridges;  Strains 
and  stresses;  Trestles;  I'russes;  also  names 
of  cities,  subhead  Bridges 


Foundations  and  piers 

See  also  Caissons;  Cofferdams 

Brigands  and  robbers 

See     also     Dacoits;     Outlaws;     Thieves; 

Thugs 

Briquets 

See  also  Fuel 

Briticisms 

British  in  India 

See  also  I*"astern  question  (Centra!  Asia) ; 
India  —  History 
British  literature  see  English  literature;   Irish 
literature;  Scottish  literature 


Refer  from  Cookery;  Eating;  Home  econom- 
ics; Meals  (s) ;  Menus;  Table 

Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Engineering; 
Harbors;  Hydraulic  engineering;  Jetties;  Piles 
and  pile  driving 

Refer  from  Lungs;  Physiology;  Respira- 
tion (s) ;  Respiratory  organs;  Singing  and 
voice  culture 

Refer  from  Animals —  Breeding  (s) ;  Cattle; 
Domestic  animals;  Heredity;  Live  stock; 
Stock  breeding  (s)  ;  Thremmatology  (s) 


Refer  from  Catholic  church —  Breviaries  (s) ; 
Catholic  church  —  Liturgy  and  ritual; 
Liturgies;  Prayer  books 

Refer  from  Ale;  Beer;  Chemistry,  Techni- 
cal; Fermentation;  Industrial  arts;  Liquor 
traffic;  Liquors;  Malt 

Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Elections; 
Graft;  Political  corruption;  Political  ethics 

Refer  from  Art;  Decoration  and  ornament; 
House  decoration ;  Pottery 

Refer  from  Bricks;  Building;  Masonry 

Refer  from  Building  materials;  Clay;  Clay 
industries;  Masonry;  Pavements;  Tiles 


Refer  from  Bridge  (game)  (s) ;  Cards;  Whist 

Refer  from  Arches;  Architecture;  Civil 
engineering ;  Culverts  ;  Drawbridges ;  Engineer- 
ing; Girders;  Graphic  statics;  Masonr\'; 
Railroad  bridges  (s) ;  Railroads;  Railroads  — 
Construction;  Steel  construction;  Strains  and 
stresses;  Suspension  bridges  (s) ;  Trestles; 
Trusses;  Viaducts  (s) 

Refer  from  Caissons;  Cofferdams;  Founda- 
tions; Hydraulic  engineering;  Piers  (s) 

Refer  from  Banditti  (s) ;  Biography;  Crime 
and  criminals;  Highwaymen  (s) ;  Kidnapping; 
Outlaws;  Robbers  (s) ;  Thie\cs 

Refer  from  Bog  fuel  (s) ;  Coal;  Fuel;  Lig- 
nite; Peat 

Refer  from  English  language;  English  lan- 
guage—  Dialects;  Idioms,  English;  Slang 

Refer  from  English  in  India  (s) ;  India  — 
I  lis  lory 


51 


British  museum 

British  poetry  see  English  poetry  ;  Irish  poetr)' ; 

Scottish  poetry 
Britons 

See  also  Celts ;  Druids ;  England  —  History 
—  To  1066 
Broadsword  see  Swords 
Brokers  and  factors 

See  also  Agency,  Stock  exchange 

Bronchitis 

See    also    Cough;    Respiratory    organs  — 
Diseases ;  Throat 

Bronze 

See  also  Alloys  ;  Bronzes ;  Bronzing 
Bronze  age 

See  also  Archaeology;  Copper  age 
Bronzes 


Bronzing 

See  also  Metal  coloring 

Brooches 

See  also  Jewelry 
Brook  Farm 

Brook  life  see  Fresh-water  life 

Brook  trout  see  Trout 

Broom  drill  see  Drills  and  marches 

Brooms  and  brushes 

Brotherhoods 

See  al'so  Monasticism  ;  Religious  orders 

Brothers  of  Christ  see  Christadelphians 
Brownists 

See    also    Congregationalism;    Dissenters; 
Pilgrim  fathers 
Brushes  see  Brooms  and  brushes 
Brutes  see  Animals  —  Treatment ;  Zoology 
Bryology  see  Mosses 
Bryophytes  see  Cryptogams;  Mosses 
Bryozoa  see  Polyzoa 
Bubbles,  Soap,  see  Soap  bubbles 
Bubonic  plague  see  Plague 
Buccaneers 

See  also  Filibusters ;  Pirates 


Bucket  shops  see  Speculation 
Bucolic  poetry  see  Pastoral  poetry 
Buddha  see  Buddhism 
Buddhism 

See  also  Brahmanism  ;  Hinduism  ;  India  — 
Religion;  Lamaism;  Theosophy 


Esoteric,  see  Theosophy 

Budget    see    names    of    countries    and    cities, 

subhead  Finance 
Buds 

See  also  Botany 

Buffalo,  American,  see  Bison 


Refer   from    London  —  Galleries     and     mu- 
seums ;  London  —  Libraries 


Refer     from     Celts;      Druids;      Englaud — ■ 
History  —  To  1066 


Refer  from  Agency;  Agents  (s) ;  Commercial 
law;  Factors  (s) ;  Stock  exchange 

Refer  from  Cold  (disease);  Cough;  A'ledicine 
—  Practice;    Respiratory    organs  —  Diseases; 

Throat 

Refer  from  Alloys;  Copper;  Metals;  Tin 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Copper  age 

Refer    from     Archaeology;     Art;     Bronze; 

Decoration     and     ornament;      Metal     work; 

Sculpture 

Refer  from    Bronze;    Decoration    and    orna- 
ment; Metal  coloring;  Plating 

Refer  from  Jewelry 

Refer     from      Communism;      Cooperation; 
Transcendentalism 


Refer  from  Brushes  (s) ;  Sweeping 

Refer    from     Church     polit}";     Monasticism; 
Religious  orders 


Refer  from   Congregationalism;    Dissenters; 
Pilgrim  fathers;  Sects 


Refer  from  Filibusters;  Freebooters  (s) ; 
Naval  battles;  Naval  history;  Pirates;  Voy- 
ages and  travels;  West  Indies  —  History 


Refer  from  Brahmanism;  Buddha  (s) ; 
China  ^ — ^  Religion  ;  Confucianism;  Hinduism; 
India- — ^  Religion  ;  Lamaism;  Monasticism; 
Religions 


Refer  from  Botany;  Flowers 


52 


Bugle  calls 

See  also  Military  music 

Bugs  see  Hemiptera;  Insects 

Buhlwork  see  Inlay 

Building 

See  also  Acoustics  of  buildings;  Arches; 
Architecture;  Bricklaying;  Building  mate- 
rials; Building  stones;  Carpentry;  Ceilings; 
Chimneys;  Civil  engineering;  Concrete  con- 
struction ;  Doors  ;  Engineering  ;  Fire  escapes  ; 
Fireproof  construction;  Floors;  Founda- 
tions; Girders;  Graphic  statics;  Hardware; 
Heating;  House  painting;  Alasonry;  Plaster 
and  plastering;  Plumbing;  Roofs;  Sanitary 
engineering;  Scaffolding;  Shoring  and  under- 
pinning; Skylights;  Stair  building;  Steel 
construction;  Strains  and  stresses;  Strength 
of  materials;  Trusses;  Vaulting;  Ventila- 
tion; Walls;  Windows 

Contracts  and  specifications 


Estimates 

Materials,  see  Building  materials 

Specifications,    see    Building  —  Contracts 

and  specifications 
Building  and  loan  associations 
See  also  Benefit  societies 


Building    contracts    see    Building  — •  Contracts 
and  specifications 

Building  latvs 

See  also  Fire  escapes;  Fireproof  construc- 
tion; Tenement  houses 

Building  materials 

See  also  Bricks;  Building  stones;  Cement; 
Concrete;  Concrete,  Reinforced;  Fireproof 
construction;  Glass;  Iron;  Plaster  and 
plastering;  Steel;  Stone;  Stone,  Artificial; 
Strength  of  materials;  Stucco;  Terra  cotta ; 
Tiles;  Timber;  Wood 

Building  stones 

See  also  Building  materials;  Geology, 
Economic;  Granite;  Limestone;  Marble; 
Masonry;  Quarries  and  quarrying;  Sand- 
stone; Slate;  Stone;  Stonecutting 

Buildings,    Dampness    in,    see    Dampness    in 
buildings 

Buildings,  Portable,  see  Portable  buildings 

Buildings,  Public,  see  Public  buildings 

Bulbs 

See  also  Floriculture 

Bulkheads 

See  also  Shipbuilding 

Bull  fights  see  Bullfights 

Bulletins,  Library,  see  Library  bulletins 

Bullets  see  Projectiles 

Bullfights 

See  also  Mexico  —  Social  life  and  customs; 
Spain  — •  Social  life  and  customs 

Bullion  see  Coinage;  Money;  Precious  metals 


Refer  from  Military  art  and  science;  Military 
music;  Signals;  Trumpet  calls  (s) 


Refer  from  Arches;  Architecture;  Carpentry; 
Civil  engineering;  Construction  (s) ;  Engineer- 
ing; Floors;  Foundations;  Girders;  Industrial 
arts;  Masonry;  Plaster  and  plastering;  Roofs; 
Scaffolding;  Shoring  and  underpinning;  Steel 
construction;  Strains  and  stresses;  Strength 
of  materials;  Trusses;  Walls 


Refer  from  Building  —  Specifications  (s) ; 
Building  contracts  (sj ;  Contracts;  Specifica- 
tions (building)  (s) 

Refer  from  Estimates  (s) 


Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Benefit 
societies;  Cooperation;  Cooperative  banks  (s) ; 
Cooperative  building  associations  (s) ;  Corpo- 
rations; Investments;  Loan  associations  (s) ; 
Provident  loan  associations  (s) ;  Savings  banks 


Refer  from  Fireproof  construction;  Hygiene, 
Public;  Law;  Alunicipal  improvement 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Bricks;  Building; 
Building — Materials  (s) ;  Building  stones; 
Cement;  Concrete;  Concrete,  Reinforced; 
Engineering;  Engineering  materials  (s) ; 
Strength  of  materials;  Timber 


Refer  from  Building;  Building  materials; 
Geology,  Economic;  Granite;  Limestone; 
Marble;  Masonry;  Quarries  and  quarrying; 
Sandstone;  Stone;  Stonecutting;  Stones  (s) 


Refer  from  Botany;  Floriculture 
Refer  from  Shipbuilding;  Steamboats 


Refer  from  Bull  fights  (s) ;  Fighting  (s) 
Mexico  —  Social  life  and  customs;  Spain  — 
Social  life  and  customs;  Sports 


53 


Bulls,  Papal 

See  also  Popes 

Bungalows 


Bunker  Hill,  Battle  of 

See  also  U.  S.  —  History 


Rev'olution 


Buoys 
Bureaucracy 

Burglary 

See  also  Larceny 

Burial 

See  also  Catacombs ;  Cemeteries ;  Crema- 
tion; Embalming;  Epitaphs;  Funeral  rites 
and  ceremonies;  Monuments;  Mounds  and 
mound  builders;  Alummies;  Sarcophagi; 
Tombs;  Urn  burial 

Premature 

Buried  treasure  see  Treasure-trove 
Burlesques 

See  also  Comedy;  Parodies 
Burning  the  dead  see  Cremation 
Burns  and  scalds 

See  also  First  aid  in  illness  and  injury 

Burnt  leather  see  Pyrography 
Burnt  wood  work  see  Pyrography 
Burying  grounds  see  Burial;  Cemeteries 
Bushmen  • 

Business 

See  also  Accounting;  Advertising;  Auc- 
tions; Auditing;  Boards  of  trade;  Book- 
keeping; Business  depr^sion ;  Business 
education;  Business  ethics;  Card  system  in 
business;  Cash  registers;  Commerce;  Com- 
mercial law;  Commercial  travelers;  Compe- 
tition; Corporations;  Credit;  Department 
stores;  Economics;  Exchange;  Finance; 
Forms  (in  law);  Instalment  plan;  Joint- 
stock  companies;  Mail  order  business; 
Manufactures;  Markets;  Merchants; 
Money;  Occupations;  Office  supplies; 
Panics;  Peddlers  and  peddling;  Profession, 
Choice  of;  Profit;  Promoting;  Prosperity; 
Real  estate  business ;  Salesmanship;  Scien- 
tific management;  Signs;  Stock  exchange; 
Success;  Trust  companies;  Warehouses; 
Wealth;  Window  dressing 

Business  arithmetic  see  Arithmetic,  Commer- 
cial 

Business  correspondence  see  Commercial  cor- 
respondence 

Business  depression 

See  also  Panics 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Papal  bulls  (s) ; 
Popes 

Refer  from  Architecture,  Domestic;  Archi- 
tecture, Rural  (s) ;  Cottages;  Country  houses; 
Rural  architecture  (s) 

Refer  from  U.  S.  —  History  —  Revolution 
—  Campaigns  and  battles 

Refer  from  Bell  buoys  (s) ;  Harbors;  Navi- 
gation 

Refer  from  Civil  service;  Government 


Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Larceny; 
Thieves 

Refer  from  Archaeology ;  Burying  grounds  (s) ; 
Cemeteries;  Christian  antiquities;  Death; 
Funeral  riles  and  ceremonies;  Graves  (s) ; 
Hygiene,  J-'ublic;  Interment  (s) ;  Manners  and 
customs  ;  Alortuary  customs  (s) ;  Sepulture  (s)  ; 
Tombs 

Refer  from  Premature  burial  (s) ;  Suspended 
animation 


Refer  f)om  Comedy;  Humor;  Parodies 


Refer  from  Accidents;  First  aid  in  illness  and 
injury ;  Scalds  (s) 


Refer  from  Bosjesmen  (s) ;  Ethnology  — 
Africa;  Hottentots 

Refer  from  Accounting;  Advertising;  Com- 
merce; Commercial  law;  Economics;  Indus- 
trial arts;  Merchants;  Money;  Occupations; 
Profession,  Choice  of;  Salesmanship  ;  Stores  (s) ; 
Success;  Trade  (s) ;  Wealth 


Reier  from  Business;  Commerce;  Commer- 
cial crises  (s) ;  Crises,  Commercial  (s) ;  Econom- 
ics ;  Finance;  Hard  limes  (s);  Industrial 
depression  (s) ;  Panics;  Prosperity 


54 


Business  education 

See  also  Accounting;  Bookkeeping;  Com- 
mercial   correspondence;    Commercial    law; 
Penmanship;  Siiorthand  ;  Typewriting 
Business  ethics 

See  also   Competition;    Honesty;    Honor; 
Wealth 

Business  law  see  Commercial  law 
Busy  work 

See   also    Cardboard    construction ;    Paper 
work 

Butchering    see    Slaughtering    and    slaughter- 
houses 
Butter 

See  also   Dairy  products;  Dairying;  Oleo- 
margarine 
Butterflies 

See  also  Caterpillars  ;  Lepidoptera 
Buttons 

By-products  see  Waste  products 
Byzantine  empire 

Si'e  also   Constantinople;    Middle   ages  — 
History 


Cabala 

See  also  Occult  sciences 


Cabbala  see  Cabala 

Cabinet  organ  see  Reed  organ 

Cabinet  system 


Cabinet  work 

See     also      Decoration      and      ornament; 
Furniture;  Turning 

Cabins,  Log,  see  Log  cabins 
Cable  codes  see  Telegraph  codes 
Cable  railroads 

See  also  Alountain  railroads 


Cables 

See     also     Cable     railroads;     Cableways; 
Chains;  Electric  cables;  Rope;  Wire 
Submarine 


Cableways 

iS^^  also  Conveying  machinery;  Suspended 
railways;  Telpherage 

Cabs  see  Carriages 

Caesarism  see  Despotism;  Imperialism 

Caesars  see  Roman  emperors 

Cafes  see  Restaurants 

Caffres  see  Kafirs 

Cage  birds 

See  also  Canaries 


Refer  from  Bookkeeping;  Business;  Commer- 
cial education  (sj ;  Commercial  schools  (s) ; 
Education 

Refer  from  Business;  Commercial  ethics  (s) ; 
Conduct  of  life  ;  Ethics  ;  Ethics,  Commercial  (s) ; 
Honesty;  Honor;  Merchants 


Refer  from  Children;  Education,  Elemen- 
tary; Manual  training;  Seat  work  in  schools  (s) ; 
Teaching 


Refer  from  Dairv  products;  Dairj'ing;  Food; 

Milk 

Refer  from  Caterpillars;  Lepidoptera 
Refer  from  Clothing;  Alanufactures 


Refer  from  Constantinople;  Eastern  em- 
pire (s) ;  Greek  empire  (s) ;  Middle  ages  —  His- 
tory; Rome — History — Empire;  Turkey  — 

History 

Refer  from  Cabbala  (s) ;  Hebrew  literature; 
Jewish  literature  ;  Jews  —  Religion  ;  Kabala(s) ; 
Kabbala  (s) ;  Mysticism;  Occult  sciences; 
Theosophy 


Refer  from  Constitutional  history;  Govern- 
ment; Representative  government  and  rep- 
resentation 

Refer  from  Carpentry;  Decoration  and 
ornament;  Furniture;  Industrial  arts;  Wood- 
work 


Refer  from  Cables;  Mountain  railroads; 
Railroads;  Railroads,  Cable  (s) ;  Street  rail- 
roads 

Refer  from  Bridges;  Manufactures;  Power 
transmission;  Rope;  Wire 

Refer  from  Atlantic  cable  (s) ;  Electric 
cables;  International  law;  Pacific  cable  (s); 
Submarine  cables  (s) ;  Submarine  telegraph  (s) ; 
Telegraph;  Telegraph,  Submarine  (s) 

Refer  from  Cables;  Con\eying  machinery; 
Ropeways  (s) ;  Suspended  railways;  Tel- 
pherage 


Refer     from 
animals;  Pets 


Birds;      Canaries;      Domestic 


55 


Caisson  disease 


Caissons 

See  also  Bridges  —  Foundations  and  piers; 
Caisson   disease;    Compressed    air;    Founda- 
tions 
Cake 

See  also  Baking 
Calculating  machines 

See  also  Slide  rule;  Tabulating  machines 


Calculation  —  Aids,  see  Calculating  machines; 
Mathematics  —  Tables,  etc. ;  Ready-reckon- 
ers 

Calculators  see  Calculating  machines;  Ready- 
reckoners 

Calculus 

See    also     Algebra;     Cur\-es;     Equations; 
Functions 


Calendar 

See     also     Christian     year;     Chronology; 
Time ;  Year 
Calendars 

See     also      Almanacs;      Daily      readings; 
Yearbooks 
Calico  printing 

See  also  Dyes  and  dj'eing;  Textile  design 

Califs  see  Caliphs 
Caliphs 

See  also  Bagdad;  Mohammedanism 


Calisthenics    see    G\'mnastics;     Physical    edu- 
cation 

Calligraphy  see  Penmanship 

Callisthenics    see    Gymnastics;    Physical    edu- 
cation 

Caloric  see  Heat 

Caloric  engines  see  Air  engines 

Calorimeters  and  calorimetry 
See  also  Animal  heat;  Heat 

Calumny  see  Libel  and  slander 

Calvinism 

See  also  Antinomianism;  Arminianism; 
Congregationalism;  New  England — -Re- 
ligious history;  Orthodoxy;  Predestination; 
Presbytcrianism  ;  Puritans 

Cambistry  see  Arithmetic,    Commercial;    For- 
eign exchange;  Weights  and  measures 

Cambrian  period  see  Geology,  Stratigraphic  — 
Cambrian  ;    Paleontology  —  Cambrian 

Cameos 

See  also  Gems 

Cameras 

See  also  Photography 
Camisards 

See  also  Ccvcnnes;  France — Religious 
history;  Huguenots 


Refer  from  Caissons;  Compressed  air;  Com- 
pressed air  disease  (s) ;  Occupations  —  Dis- 
eases and  hygiene 

Refer  from  Bridges  —  Foundations  and  piers; 
Foundations;  Hydraulic  engineering 


Refer  from  Baking;  Cookery 

Refer  from  Arithmetic;  Arithmetic,  Com- 
mercial ;  Calculation — Aids  fs) ;  Calculators  (s) ; 
Machinery;  Mathematical         instruments; 

Mathematics 


Refer  from  Algebra;  Analysis  (mathemat- 
ics) (s) ;  Differential  calculus  (s) ;  Fluxions  (s) ; 
Functions;  Infinitesimal  calculus  (s) ;  Inte- 
gral calculus  (s) ;  Mathematics;  \"ariations 
(calculus)  (s) 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Chronology;  Gre- 
gorian calendar  (s) ;  Time;  Year 

Refer  from  Almanacs;  Yearbooks 


Refer    from     Dyes     and     dyeing;     Printing; 
Textile  industry^  and  fabrics 


Refer  from  Califs  (s) ;  Kalifs  (s) ;  Khalifs  (s) ; 
Kings  and  rulers;  Mohammedanism;  Sar- 
acens ;  Sovereigns  (s) 


Refer    from     Fuel;     Heat;     Steam    engines: 
Thermometer 


Refer  from  Congregationalism;  New  Eng- 
land—  Religious  history;  Orthodoxy;  Pre- 
destination; Presbytcrianism;  Theology 


Refer  from  Carving  (art  industries);  Gems; 
Jewelry 

Refer  from  Photography 

Refer   from    Cevennes  ;    France — Religious 
history;  Huguenots 


56 


Camorra 

See  also  Italy  —  Politics  ;  Mafia 


Camp  meetings 
Campagna  di  Roma 


Campaign  funds 


Campaign  literature 

See  also  Silver  (as  money)  ;  Tariff  question  ; 
U.  S.  —  Politics 
Campaign  songs 

Campaigns,  Presidential,  see  Elections —  U.  S. ; 

Presidents  —  U.  S. —  Election 
Campanology  see  Bells 
Campbellites  see  Disciples  of  Christ 
Camping 

See  also  Outdoor  life;  Tents 

Camps  (military) 

See  also  Concentration  camps 
Cams 

See  also  Machine  design 

Canada  —  History 

To  1763  (New  France) 

iS^^    also     French     and     Indian     war; 
French  in  America 

1763-1867 

See  also  Canada  —  History  —  Rebel- 
lion,"iS^y-iR^S 

Rebellion,  1837-1838 

See   also   Canada — History — 1763- 
1867 

1867- 

See  also  Fenians  (society) 
Canadian  literature 

See  also  Canadian  poetry 


Canadian  Northwest  see  Northwest,  Canadian 
Canadian  poetry 

See  also  Canadian  literature 

Canadian  rebellion,   1837-1838,  see  Canada  — 
History —  Rebellion,  1837-1838 

Canadians  in  the  U.  S. 

Canal  boats 

Canal  locks  see  Canals  —  Locks 

Canals 

See  also  Aqueducts;  Canal  boats;  Ci\'il 
engineering;  Embankments;  Hydraulic  en- 
gineering; Inland  navigation;  Irrigation 
canals;  Ship  canals;  Waterways;  also 
names  of  canals,  e.g.  Panama  canal 

Locks 

U.  S. 

See  also  Waterways  —  U.  S. 


Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals  —  Italy; 
Italy — Politics;  Mafia;  Naples;  Secret  so- 
cieties 

Refer  from  Revivals 

Refer  from  Italy  —  Description  and  travel ; 
Roman  Campagna  (s) ;  Rome  (city) — Cam- 
pagna (s) 

Refer  from  Civil  service;  Elections;  Elec- 
tions—  U.S.;  Political  corruption;  Political 
parties;  Politics;  Publicity;  U.  S. —  Politics 

Refer  from  Political  parties;  Politics;  U.  S. — 
Politics 

Refer  from  Political  songs  (s) ;  Songs ; 
Songs,  American  [etc  ] 


Refer    from     Amusements;     Country     life; 
Outdoor  life;  Sports;  Tents;  Vacations 

Refer  from  Military  art  and  science 

Refer    from     Machine     design;     Mechanical 
movements 


Refer  from  French  in  .\merica  ;  New  France  (s) 


Refer    from    Canada  —  History  —  Rebel- 
lion,"1837-1838 

Refer  from  Canada  —  History —  1 763-1867; 
Canadian  rebellion,  1837-1838  (s) ;  French- 
Canadians 

Refer  from  Fenians  (society) 

Refer  from  American  literature;  Canadian 
poetry;  English  literature;  French-Canadian 
literature  (s) 


Refer    from     American     poetry;     Canadian 
literature;  English  poetry 


Refer  from  V.  S. —  Foreign  population 
Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Canals 


Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Commerce; 
Engineering;  Hydraulic  engineering;  Inland 
navigation;  Transportation;  Water  supply; 
Waterwajs 

Refer  from  Canal  locks  (s) ;  Locks  (canals)  (s) 


Refer  from    V.   S. —  Canals   (s) ;   \\'aterways 
—  U.  S. 


57 


Canaries 

See  also  Birds;  Cage  birds 

Cancer 

Candles 
Candlesticks 

Candy  see  Confectionery 

Caning  of  chairs  see  Chair  caning 

Canned    food    see    Canning    and     preserving; 

Pactcing  industry 
Cannibalism 

See  also  Africa  —  Description  and  tra\el  ; 

Pol\-nesia 
Canning  and  preserving 

See  also  Cookery;  Food  preservation  and 

preservatives 


Cannon  see  Guns;  Ordnance 
Canoeing  see  Canoes  and  canoeing 
Canoes  and  canoeing 

See  also  Boats  and  boating 


Canon  (Bible)  see  Bible  —  Canon 
Canon  (music) 

See    also    Counterpoint;    Fugue;  Alusical 
form 

Canon  law  see  Church  law 
Canonization 

See  also  Saints 

Canons,  Apostolic,  see  Apostolic  canons 

Cantatas 

Canteens  (army) 

Canterbury  cathedral 

See  also  Cathedrals  —  England 

Canticles  see   Bible  —  Old   Testament  —  Song 

of  Solomon 
Caoutchouc  see  Rubber 
Cap  and  gown  see  Costume,  Academic 
Capillarity 

See  also  Hydrostatics;  Liquids;  Splashes 

Capital 

See  also   Banks  and   banking;   Capitalists 

and      financiers;      Commerce;      Economics; 

Interest;   Investments;   Labor  and   capital; 

Money;  Monopolies;  Profit;  Trusts;  Wealth 

Capital  and  labor  see  Labor  and  capital 

Capital  punishment 

See     also      Electrocution;      Executioners; 
Guillotine;  Lynch  law 

Capitalists  and  financiers 

See  also  Alillionaircs 

Capitalization 

See  also  Cataloging 

Capitalization      (finance)      see     Corporations; 
Promoting;  Railroads  —  Finance;  Securities 
Caps  and  gowns  see  Costume,  Academic 


Refer  from  Birds;  Cage  birds 
Refer    from     Carcinoma     (s) ;     Medicine  — 
Practice;  Tumors 

Refer  from  Lighting;  Manufactures 
Refer  from  Furniture;  House  decoration 


Refer  from  Anthropophagy  (s) ;  Ethnology; 
Food;  Man;  Manners  and  customs 

Refer  from  Canned  food  (s) ;  Cookery; 
Domestic  arts;  Food  preservation  and  pre- 
servatives; Fruit;  Industrial  arts;  Preserv- 
ing (s) 


Refer  from  Aquatic  sports;  Boats  and  boat- 
ing; Canoeing  (s) ;  Navigation;  Rowing; 
Sailing;  Sports 


Refer  from  Composition  (music);  Counter- 
point; Fugue;  Music  —  Theory;  Musical 
form 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Church  history; 
Rites  and  ceremonies;  Saints 

Refer  from  Music;  Oratorios 
Refer  from  Army  canteens  (s) ;  Liquor  prob- 
lem ;  Liquor  traffic  ;  Temperance ;  U.  S. —  Army 

Refer  frovi  Canterbury,  Eng.  ;  Cathedrals  — 
England 


Refer  from.  Hydrostatics;   Liquids;   Matter; 

Physics 

Refer  from  Commerce;  Economics;  Finance; 
Income;  Labor  and  capital;  Money;  IMonopo- 
lies ;  Profit;  Property;  Trusts;  Wealth 


Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Criminal 
law  ;  Death  penalty  (s) ;  Ethics  ;  Executions  (s) ; 
Hanging  (s) ;  Murder;  Punishment 

Refer  from  Biography;  Capital;  Finance; 
Financiers  (s) ;  Millionaires;  Wcallli 

Refer  from  Cataloging;  Printing;  Writing 


58 


Captivity   among   the   Indians   see   Indians  — 

Capti\ities 
Capuchins 

See  also  Franciscans;  Monasticism 
Car  building  see  Cars 
Car  couplings 

Car  heating,  lighting  and  ventilation 


Car  lighting  see  Car  healing,  lighting  and 
ventilation 

Car  shops  see  Railroads  —  Shops 

Car  ventilation  see  Car  heating,  lighting  and 
ventilation 

Car  wheels 

Carbines  see  Rifles 

Carbon 

See  also  Charcoal;  Chemistry,  Organic; 
Coal;  Coke;  Diamonds;  Electric  light  car- 
bons ;  Graphite 

Carbonari 

Sri?  also  Italy — History —  1815-;  Italy 
—  Politics 

Carboniferous  period  see  Geology,  Strati- 
graphic  —  Carboniferous  ;  Paleontology  — 
Carboniferous 

Carbons  (electric  light)  see  Electric  light 
carbons 

Carcinoma  see  Cancer;  Tumors 

Card  catalogs  see  Catalogs,  Card 

Card  system  in  business 

See  also  Accounting;  Catalogs,  Card 


Cardboard  construction 


Cardinals 

See  also  Catholic  church 


Clergy 


Cards 

See  also  Bezique ;  Bridge  whist;  Cribbage; 
Euchre  ;  Fortune  telling ;  Gambling ;  Games  ; 
Poker;  Skat  (game);  Solitaire;  Whist 

Caricature  and  cartoons 

See  also  Humor;  Alimicry;  Satire 


Carlists 

Sre  also  Spain  —  History  —  1700- 
Carmelites 
Carnations 

See  also  Floriculture 
Carnivals  see  Festivals 
Carnivora 

See  also  Bears  ;  Cats  ;  Dogs  ;  Foxes  ;  Lions  ; 
Mammals;  Seals  (animals);  Tigers;  Wolves 

Carnivorous  plants  see  Insectivorous  plants 
Carols 

See  also  Ballads;  Songs 


Refer  from  Franciscans;  Monasticism 

Refer  from.  Cars;  Couplings  (s) ;  Railroads  — 
Equipment  and  supplies;  Safety  devices 

Refer  from  Car  lighting  (s) ;  Car  ventila- 
tion (s) ;  Cars;  Heating;  Lighting;  Railroads 
—  Equipment  and  supplies;  Ventilation 


Refer  from  Cars;  Wheels 


Refer  froyn    Chemical   elements;    Chemistry, 
Organic 


Refer  from   Italy  —  History —  1815-;   Italy 
— -  Politics;  Secret  societies 


Carpenters'  square  see  Square  (instrument) 


Refer  from  Accounting;  Bookkeeping;  Busi- 
ness; Catalogs,  Card;  Drafting  room  practice; 
Indexes;  Office  supplies 

Refer  from  Busy  work;  Kindergarten; 
Manual  training 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  —  Biography; 
Catholic  church  —  Clergy;  Christian  biogra- 
phy; Church  polity 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Bezique;  Bridge 
whist;  Cribbage;  Entertaining;  Euchre;  For- 
tune telling;  Gambling;  Games;  Playing- 
cards  (s) ;  Poker;  Skat  (game);  Whist 

Refer  from  Art;  Cartoons  (s) ;  Drawing; 
Grotesque;  Humor;  Illustration  of  books; 
Journalism;  Mimicry;  Pictures;  Satire 

Refer  from  Spain  —  History —  1700- 
Refer from  Nuns;  Sisterhoods 

Refer  from  Floriculture;  Flowers 


Refer  from  Bears;  Beasts  of  prey  (s) ; 
Cats;  Dogs;  Foxes;  Lions;  Mammals;  Seals 
(animals);  Tigers;   \Volvcs 


Refer  from  Christmas;  Christmas  carols  (s) ; 
Christmas  poetry;  Church  music;  Easter; 
Folk  songs;  Music;  Songs 


59 


Carpentry 

Sfe  also  Building;  Cabinet  work;  Cars; 
Doors;  Floors;  Lathes;  Moldings;  Railings; 
Roofs;  Rustic  woodwork;  Scaffolding;  Slide 
rule;  Square  (instrument);  Stair  building; 
Tools;  Turning;  Wood  car\'ing;  Woodwork; 
Woodworking  machinery 
Carpetbag  rule  see  Reconstruction 
Carpets 

See    also     House     decoration;     Linoleum; 
Rugs;  Sweeping;  Weaving 
Carriage  painting 

See  also  Painting,  Mechanical 

Carriages 

See  also  Ambulances;  Automobiles; 
Chariots;  Coaches  and  coaching;  Omni- 
buses ;  Vehicles ;  W'heels 

Carrier  pigeons  see  Pigeons 

Carriers 

See  also  Baggage;  Bailments;  Commerce; 
Commercial  law;  Communication;  Demur- 
rage; Express  companies;  Freight;  Inter- 
state commerce;  Navigation;  Negligence; 
Omnibuses;  Postal  service;  Railroads; 
Shipping;  Transportation 

Cars 

See  also  Air  brakes;  Automobiles;  Car 
couplings ;  Car  heating,  lighting  and  ven- 
tilation; Car  wheels;  Carriages;  Railroads 
—  Rolling  stock;  Sleeping  cars 

Cartels    (economics)    see   Combination,    Indus- 
trial ;  Trusts 
Cartesian  philosophy  see  Descartes,  Rene 
Carthusians 

See  also  Monasticism 
Cartography  see  Charts;  Maps 
Cartoons  see  Caricature  and  cartoons 
Carving  (art  industries) 

See    also     Arts     and     crafts;     Bas-relief; 
Cameos;  Glyptics;  Ivory;  Sculpture;  Wood 
carving 
Carving  (meat,  etc.) 
See  also  Cookery 

Caryokinesis  see  Karyokinesis 
Cases  of  conscience  see  Conscience 
Cash  registers 

Casks  see  Cooperage 
Cast  iron 

See  also  Foundry  work;  Iron 

Castaways 

See  also  Shipwrecks 

Caste 

See  also  Brahmanism;  India — Social 
life  and  customs 

Casting  see  Foundry  work;  Plaster  casts 
Castles 

See  also  Architecture;  Military  architec- 
ture; also  names  of  castles 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Building;  Indus- 
trial arts  ;  Joinery  (s) ;  Manual  training ;  Tools  ; 
Woodwork 


Refer  from  Floors;  House  decoration;  Rugs; 
Textile  industry  and  fabrics;  Weaving 

Refer  from  Painting,  Mechanical;  Wagon 
painting  (s) 

Refer  from  Cabs  (s) ;  Cars;  Coaches  and 
coaching;  Locomotion;  Manufactures;  Trans- 
portation; Vehicle*;  Wagons;  Wheels 


Refer  jrom  Bailments;  Commerce;  Com- 
mercial law;  Common  carriers  (s) ;  Communi- 
cation; Demurrage;  Express  companies; 
Freight;  Law;  Public  service  corporations; 
Railroads;  Shipping;  Transportation 


Refer  from  Car  building  (s) ;  Carpentry; 
Manufactures;  Passenger  coaches  (s) ;  Rail- 
roads; Railroads  —  Cars  (s) ;  Railroads  — 
Equipment  and  supplies;  Railroads  —  Rolling 
stock;  Street  cars  (s) ;  Vehicles 


Refer  from  Monasticism 


Refer  from  Art;  Arts  and  crafts;  Bas-relief; 
Decoration  and  ornament;  Design,  Decora- 
tive; Sculpture;  Wood  carving 

Refer  from  Cookery;  Dinners  and  dining; 
Home  economics;  Meat;  Table 


Refer    from    Accounting;     Business;     Office 
supplies 


Refer  from  Blast  furnaces;  Foundry  work; 
Iron;  Pig  iron  (s) 

Refer  from  Adventure;  Crusoe  stories  (s) ; 
Shipwrecks 

Refer  from  Brahmanism;  Class  distinction; 
Hinduism;  India  —  Social  life  and  customs; 
Manners  and  cugtoms;  Sociology 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Architecture;  Ar- 
chitecture, Medieval;  Chateaux  (s) ;  ]*"orti- 
ticatiun;  Military  architecture;  Palaces 


60 


Castles —  Continued 
England 

See     also      Warwick      casllc ;      Windsor 

castle 
Casts,  Plaster,  see  Plaster  casts 
Casuality  insurance,  see  Insurance,  Casualty- 
Casuistry  see  Conscience 
Cat  see  Cats 

Catabolism  see  Metabolism 
Catacombs 

See  also  Church  history —  Early  church 


Cataloging 

See     also     Alphabeting;     Capitalization; 
Classification;  Colophons;  Errors  and  blun- 
ders,  Literary;   Indexing;    Library   science; 
Titles  of  books 
Catalogs 

See    also    Bibliography;    Cataloging;    In- 
dexes;   also   subjects    of   which    catalogs  are 
made 
Booksellers' 

Card 

See  also  Card  system  in  business;  Cata- 
loging; Catalogs,  Library 
Library 

See  also  Bibliography;  Catalogs,  Card 


Publishers' 

Catalysis 

See  also  Chemistry,  Physical ;  Colloids 

Cataracts  see  Waterfalls 
Catarrh 

See     also     Cold     (disease);     Hay     fever; 
Respiratory  organs  —  Diseases 

Catechisms 

See  also  Bible — Question  books;  Creeds; 
also  names  of  churches,  subhead  Catechisms 
and  creeds 
Catering 

See  also  Menus;  Table 

Caterpillars 

See  alio  Butterflies;  Lepidoptera  ;  Moths 

Cathedrals 

See    also    Architecture,    Gothic;    Church 
architecture;  also  names  of  cathedrals 


England 

See  also  Canterbury  cathedral 

Cathode  rays 

See  also  Electric  discharges  througli  gases; 
Electrons ;  X  rays 


Refer  from  Warwick  castle;  Windsor  castle 


Catholic  apostolic  church 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Burial;  Caves; 
Cemeteries;  Christian  antiquities;  Christian 
art  and  symbolism;  Church  history- — ^  Early 
church ;  Tombs 

Refer  from  Alphabeting;  Bibliography; 
Books;  Capitalization;  Catalogs;  Catalogs, 
Card  ;  Classification  ;  Indexing ;  Library  science 


Refer  from  Bibliography;  Indexes 


Refer  from  Booksellers  and  bookselling; 
Booksellers'  catalogs  (s) 

Refer  from  Card  catalogs  (s) ;  Card  system 
in  business;  Catalogs,  Library 

Refer  from  Bibliography;  Books;  Catalogs, 
Card;  Finding  lists  (s) ;  Libraries;  Library 
catalogs  (s) 

Refer  from  Publishers  and  publishing;  Pub- 
lishers' catalogs  (s) 

Refer  from  Chemistry;  Chemistry,  Physical; 
Colloids;  Contact  action  (s) 


Refer  from  Cold  (disease);  Hay  fever;  Medi- 
cine— -Practice;  Nose;  Respiratory  organs  — 
Diseases 

Refer  from  Bible  —  Catechisms  (s) ;  Bible  — 
Question  books;  Creeds;  Theology 


Refer  from  Cookery;  Menus;  Restaurants; 
Table 

Refer  from  Butterflies;  Insects;  Lepidoptera; 
Moths 

Refer  from  Abbeys;  Architecture;  Architec- 
ture, Gothic;  Architecture,  Medieval;  Catholic 
church;  Christian  art  and  symbolism;  Church 
architecture;  Church  history;  Church  of  Eng- 
land 

Refer  from  Canterbury  cathedral 


Refer  frotn  Electric  discharges  through 
gases  ;  Electrons  ;  Kathode  rays  (s) ;  Radiation ; 
Radioactivity;  X  rays 

Refer  from  Irvingitcs  (s) ;  Sects 


6i 


Catholic  church 

See  also  Abbeys;  Absolution;  Apostolic 
succession;  Bulls,  Papal;  Canonization; 
Cathedrals;  Celibacy;  Church  and  state; 
Confession  ;  Convents  and  nunneries  ;  Episco- 
pacy; Excommunication;  Fasts  and  feasts; 
Fathers  of  the  church;  Greek  church; 
Immaculate  conception;  Indulgences;  In- 
fallibility; Inquisition;  Interdict;  Jansen- 
ists;  Jesuits;  Lent;  Mary,  Virgin;  Mass; 
Miracles;  Modernism;  Monasteries;  Mo- 
nasticism;  Oxford  movement;  Penance;  Per- 
secution; Pilgrimages;  Popes;  Protes^'ant- 
ism;  Purgatory;  Religious  liberty;  Reli- 
gious orders;  Ritualism;  Rosary;  Sacra- 
ments; Saints;  Shrines;  Sisterhoods;  Tran- 
substantiation  ;  Ultramontanism  ;  Vatican 

Authority 

See  also  Popes  —  Authority  and  su- 
premacy 

Biography 

See  also  Archbishops;  Bishops;  Cardi- 
nals; Catholic  church  —  Clergy;  Fathers 
of  the  church;  Priests;  Saints 

Breviaries,  see  Breviaries 

Catechisms  and  creeds 

See  also  Apostles'  creed;  Athanasian 
creed ;  Nicene  creed 

Clergy 

See  also  Apostolic  succession ;  Arch- 
bishops;  Bishops;  Cardinals;  Catholic 
church  —  Directories;  Celibacy;  Episco- 
pacy; Monasticism;  Priests 

Councils,  see  Councils  and  synods 

Creeds,   see   Catholic   church  —  Cate- 
chisms and  creeds 

Dictionaries 

— — Directories 

Doctrinal  and  controversial  works 

Education 

See  also  Church  and  education  ;  Church 
schools 

Government 

See  also   Excommunication 

History 

See  also  Church  history;  Councils  and 
synods;      Counter-reformation;      Jansen- 
ists  ;      Popes  —  History;      Popes  —  Tem- 
poral power;   Reformation;   Schism,  The 
great  western,  1378-1417;  Vatican  council 
Infallibility,    see    Catholic    church — Au- 
thority; Popes — Infallibility 
— =-Liturgy  and  ritual 

See    also     Bre\iarics;     Chants;     Mass; 
Missals ;  Ritualism 
— — Missions 

See  also  Indians  —  Missions;  Jesuits  — 
Missions 

Name 

Orders,     see     Catholic     church  —  Clergy; 

Religious  orders 

Periodicals 

Popes,  see  Popes 

Ritual,  see  Catholic  church  —  Liturgy  and 

ritual 


Refer  from  Church  and  state;  Church  of 
England  ;  Episcopacy  ;  Holy  See  (s) ;  Papacy  (s) ; 
Popes;  Protestantism;  Roman  Catholic 
church  (s) ;  Romanism  (s) ;  Sects;  Ultramon- 
tanism ;  Vatican 


Refer  from  Authority  (in  religion);  Catholic 
church  —  Infallibility  (s) ;  Infallibility;  Popes 
—  Authority  and  supremacy 


Refer  from  Catholic  church  —  Creeds  (s) 


Refer  from  Apostolic  succession  ;  Archbishops ; 
Bishops;  Cardinals;  Catholic  church — Biog- 
raphy;  Catholic  church  —  Orders    (s) ;  Priests 


Refer  from  Catholic  church  —  Clergy 


Refer    from     Catholic     church  —  Social     re- 
lations; Church  and  education 


Refer    from     Church    history;    Counter-ref- 
ormation; Reformation;  Popes  —  History 


Refer  from  Breviaries;  Catholic  church  — 
Ritual  (s) ;  Liturgies;  Mass;  Alissals ;  Ritual- 
ism 

Refer  from  Jesuits —  Missions;  Missions 


62 


Catholic  church — Continued 
Social  relations 

See  also  Catholic  churcli  —  Education; 
Socialism  and  Catholic  church 

Statistics 

Catholic    church    and    socialism    see    Socialism 

and  Catliolic  churcli 
Catholic  church  in  England 

See  also  Catholic  emancipation;  England 
—  Religious  history;  Gunpowder  plot 
Catholic  church  in  France 

Sre  also  France  —  Religious  history 

Catholic  emancipation 

See  also  Catholic  church  in  England 

Catholic  literature 
Cats 

See  also  Carnivora;  Domestic  animals 

Cat's  cradle  see  String  figures 
Cattle 

See  also  Barns  and  stables  ;  Beef ;  Breeding  ; 
Cowboj's ;  Cows;  Dairying;  Feeding  and 
feeding  stuffs;  Horns;  Live  stock;  Oxen; 
Ungulata 

Diseases 

See      also     Tuberculosis      in      animals; 
Veterinary  medicine 
Transportation,   see   Animals —  Transpor- 
tation 
Caucasian  race 

See  also  Aryans 
Caucus 

See    also     Elections;     Nominations;     Pri- 
maries * 
Causation 

See  also  Metaphysics ;  Teleology 

Cause  and  effect  see  Causation 

Cavalry 

See  also  Cavalry  drill  and  tactics;  Horse; 
Military  art  and  science;  also  under  country, 
e.g.  U.  S. —  Army  —  Cavalry.  For  volun- 
teer regiments  in  the  U.  S.,  see  under  name 
of  state,  e.g.  New  York  cavalry;  also 
United  States  volunteer  cavalry,  for  volun- 
teer regiments  recruited  at  large 

Cavalry  drill  and  tactics 

See  also  Horse ;  Tactics 

Cave  dwellers 

See  also  Archaeology 


Cave  fauna 

Cave  men  see  Cave  dwellers 
Caves 

.SV''     also     Catacombs;     Cave     dwellers; 

Ca\c  fauna;  Chultuncs 
Ceilings 

See   also   Mural    painting   and    decoration; 

Plaster  and  plastering 
Celebrations      see     y\nniversaries ;      Festivals; 

Holidays;    also    names    of    cities,    subheads 

Centennial  celebrations,  etc.,  and  Festivals 


Refer  from  Christian  sociology 


Refer  from  Catholic  emancipation;  England 
—  Religious  history 

Refer     from      France — Religious      history; 
Galilean  church  (s) 

Refer   from    Catholic    church    in    England; 
Emancipation  (s) ;  Religious  liberty 

Refer  from  Literature;  Religious  literature 

Refer  from    Carnivora;    Cat    (s) ;    Domestic 
animals ;  Pets 


Refer     from     Cows;     Dairying;     Domestic 
animals;  Live  stock;  Oxen;  Ungulata 


Refer  from  Animals  —  Diseases;  Veterinary 
medicine 


Refer  from  Aryans 

Refer    from    Elections;     Nominations;     Pri- 
maries 

Refer  from     Cause     and    effect     (s) ;     Final 
cause  (s) ;  God;  Metaphysics;  Philosophy 


Refer  from  Military  art  and  science 


Refer  from  Cavalry ;  Drill  (military);  Mili- 
tary art  and  science;  Tactics 

Refer  from  Anthropology;  Archaeology; 
Cave  men  (s) ;  Caves;  Ethnology;  Man  — 
Origin  and  antiquity;  Troglodytes  (s) 

Refer  from  Caves;  Zoology 


Refer     from      Archaeology;     Grottoes     (s) ; 
Physical  geography;  Speleology  (s) 

Refer  from   Architecture;    Building;    Plaster 
and  plastering;  Roofs 


63 


Celestial  mechanics  see  Mechanics,  Celestial 
Celibacy 

See    also    Bachelors;    Monasticism ;    Spin- 
sters 


Cell,  Voltaic,  see  Electric  batteries 

Cello  see  Violoncello 

Cells 

See  also  Biology;  Botany —  Embryology; 

Botany,  Structural ;  Embryology ;  Histology ; 

Karyokinesis  ;  Osmosis;  Phj'siological   chem- 

istr)-;  Protoplasm;   Protozoa;   Regeneration 

(biology) 
Celluloid 

See  also  Cellulose;  Guncotton 

Cellulose 

See  also  Celluloid;  Guncotton;  Paper; 
Wood  pulp 

Celtic  folklore  see  Folklore,  Celtic 
Celtic  languages 

See   also    Aryan    languages;    Cornish    lan- 
guage;    Gaelic    language;     Irish     language; 
Welsh  language 
Celtic  legends  see  Legends,  Celtic 
Celtic  literature 

See  also  Bards;  Gaelic  literature;  Irish 
literature  (Celtic) ;  Welsh  literature 

Celtic  mythology  see  Mythology,  Celtic 
Celts 

See  also  Aryans;   Britons;  Druids;   Folk- 
lore, Celtic ;  Gauls  ;  Legends,  Celtic ;  Picts 
Cement    . 

See  also  Adhesives ;  Building  materials; 
Concrete;  Geology,  Economic;  Glue;  Lime; 
Pavements;  Stucco 


Cemeteries 

See  also  Burial;  Catacombs;  Eminent 
domain;  Epitaphs;  Landscape  gardening; 
Tombs;  also  names  of  cities,  subhead 
Cemeteries 

National 

Cenozoic    era    see    Geology,     Stratigraphic  — 
Cenozoic;  Paleontology —  Cenozoic 

Censorship    of   the    press    see    Liberty    of    the 
press;  Prohibited  books 

Census 

See  also  Statistics;  Tabulating  machines; 
Vital  statistics;  also  names  of  countries, 
and  cities,  subhead  Census 

Centenarians  see  Longevity 

Centennials     see     names     of     cities,     subhead 
Centennial  celebrations,  etc. 

Central  power  stations  see  Power  plants 

Central  states  see  Middle  states 

Centralization   of   schools   see   Schools  —  Cen- 
tralization 

Centrifugal  fans  see  Fans,  Mechanical 

Centrifugal  force 

See  also  Gravitation 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Catholic  church 
—  Clerg)' ;  Chastil}';  Church  history;  Churcli 
polity;  Clergy;  Marriage;  Monasticism; 
Priests ;  Theology 


Refer  from  Biology;  Botany;  Botany  — 
Embryology  ;  Botany,  Structural ;  Cytology(s) ; 
Embryology;  Histology;  Morphology;  Physi- 
ological chemistry;  Protoplasm;  Regener- 
ation (biology) ;  Zoology 

Refer  from  Cellulose;  Chemistry.  Technical; 
Guncotton 

Refer  from  Celluloid;  Chemistry,  Technical; 
Guncotton;  Paper;  Plants  —  Chemistry  and 
nutrition;  Wood  pulp 


Refer  from  Aryan  languages;  Cornish  lan- 
guage; Gaelic  language;  Irish  language;  Kel- 
tic languages  (s) ;  Welsh  language 


Refer  from  Bards;  Gadhelic  literature  (s) ; 
Gaelic  literature;  Irish  literature  (Celtic); 
Keltic  literature  (s) ;  Literature;  Welsh  litera- 
ture 

Refer  from  Aryans;  Britons;  Druids; 
Gaels   (s) ;  Gauls;  Kelts  (s) ;  Picts 

Refer  from  Adhesives;  Building  materials; 
Chemistry,  Technical;  Concrete;  Geology, 
Economic;  Hydraulic  cement  (s) ;  L'me; 
Masonry;  Mortar  (s) ;  Portland  cement  (s) ; 
Slag;  Stucco 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Burial;  Burying 
grounds  (s) ;  Churchyards  (s) ;  Eminent  do- 
main; Graves  (s) ;  Graveyards  (s) ;  Hygiene, 
Public;  Landscape  gardening;  Municipal  im- 
provement; Sanitation;  Tombs 

Refer  from  National  cemeteries  (s) 


Refer    from     Population;     Statistics;     Vital 
statistics 


Refer  from  Force  and  energy 


64 


Cephalopoda 

See  also  Mollusks 
Ceramics  see  Pottery 
Cereal  foods  see  Cereals,  Prepared 
Cereals  see  Cereals,  Prepared  ;  Grain 
Cereals,  Prepared 


Cerebral  hemorrhage  see  Apoplexy 

Cerebrospinal  meningitis  see  Aleningitis 

Ceremonies    see    Etiquet;    A'lanners    and    cus- 
toms; Rites  and  ceremonies 

Certainty 

See     also      Belief;      Faith;      Probabilities; 
Truth 

Certificates,     Teachers',     see    Teachers  —  Ex- 
aminations and  certificates 

Cervidae  see  Deer 

Cetacea 

See  also  Mammals;  Whales 

Chafing  dish 

Chain  belling  see  Belting 
Chained  books 
Chains 

See  also  Alachine  design 

Chair  caning 

Chairs 

See  also  Chair  caning;  Furniture 
Chalcography  see  Engraving 
Chalk 

See  also  Limestone 
Chalk  talks 

Challenger  expedition,  1872- 1876 
Chamber  music 

Chambers  of  commerce  see  Boards  of  trade 
Chance 

See  also  Probabilities 

Chancellors,  Lord 

Chancery 

See  also  Equity 

Chanteys  see  Sailors'  songs 
Chanties  see  Sailors'  songs 
Chanting 

See  also  Chants ;  Singing  and  voice  culture 
Chants 

See     also     Anthems;     Chanting;     Choral 
music;  Church  music;  Hymns 


Chap-books  see  Chapbooks 
Chapbooks 

See  also  Ballads 

Chapels 

See  also  Church  architecture 
Character 

See  also  Christian  life  and  character; 
Conduct  of  life,  and  references  under  that 
subject;    Ethics;    Graphology;    Ideals;    In- 


Refer  from  Mollusks 


Refer  from  Breakfast  foods  (s) ;  Breakfasts; 
Cereal  foods  (s) ;  Cereals  (s) ;  Cookery;  Food; 
Prepared  cereals  (s) 


Refer  from  Belief;  Conviction  (s) ;  Evidence; 
Faith;  Intellect;  Logic;  Philosophy;  Truth 


Refer  from  Mammals;  Marine  zoology; 
Whales 

Refer  from  Cookery 

Refer  from  Books 

Refer  from  Cables;  Machine  design;  Manu- 
factures 

Refer  from  Caning  of  chairs  (s) ;  Chairs; 
Industrial  arts 

Refer  from  Furniture 


Refer  from  Geology,  Economic;  Limestone 
Refer  from  Drawing;  Lectures  and  lecturing 
Refer  from  Scientific  expeditions 
Refer  from  Instrumental  music;  Music 


Refer  from  Fortune  (s) ;  Luck  (s) ;  Philoso- 
phy ;  Probabilities 

Refer  from  Biography;  Judges;  Lawyers; 
Lord  chancellors  (s) ;  Ministers  of  state 

Refer  from  Courts;  Equity;  Law;  Pleading 
and  practice 


Refer  from  Chants;  Singing  and  voice  culture 

Refer  /row  _  Anthems  ;  Catholic  church  — 
Liturgy  and  ritual;  Chanting;  Choral  music; 
Church  music;  Gregorian  chant  (sj ;  Gregorian 
music    (s);    Music;    Plain    chant    (s) ;    Plain 

song  (s) ;  Plainsong  (s) 

Refer  from  Ballads;  Chap-books  (s) ;  Folk- 
lore; Literature;  Periodicals 

Refer  from  Church  architecture 

Refer  from  Christian  life  and  character; 
Conduct  of  life;  Ethics;  Moral  education; 
Psychology;  Temperament 


dividuality;  National  characteristics;  Palm- 
istry; Personality;  Phrenology;  Physi- 
ognomy; Temperament 

Character  reading  see  Fortune  telling;  Graph- 
ology; Palmistry;  Phrenology;  Physiog- 
nomy; Psychometry  (character  reading, 
etc.) 

Characteristics,  National,  see  National  char- 
acteristics 

Charades 

See  also  Amateur  theatricals;  Puzzles 

Charcoal 

See  also  Animal  charcoal 
Charcoal  drawing 
Chariots 


Charitable  societies 

See  also  Charities 
Humane  societies 


Charity  organization; 


Charities 

See  also  Almshouses;  Asylums;  Blind  — 
Asylums  and  education  ;  Charitable  societies  ; 
Charity  organization;  Charity  schools; 
Children  —  Charities,  protection,  etc.; 
City  missions;  Creches;  Deaf  and  dumb  — 
Asylums  and  education;  Dispensaries;  Farm 
colonies;  Flower  missions;  Fresh  air  charity; 
Friendly  visiting;  Hospitals;  Insane  hos- 
pitals; Jews  —  Charities;  Mortmain; 
Nurses  and  nursing;  Orphans  and  orphan 
asylums;  Outdoor  relief;  Philanthropy; 
Poor;  Poor  laws;  Ragged  schools;  Salvation 
army ;  Sisterhoods  ;  Sisters  of  charity ;  Social 
settlements;  Social  work;  Vacant  lot  culti- 
vation; also  names  of  cities,  subheads  Char- 
ities and  Poor 

Medical 

See  also  Blind  —  Asylums  and  educa- 
tion; Deaf  and  dumb  —  Asylums  and 
education;  Dispensaries;  Hospitals; 
Inebriate  asylums;  Insane  hospitals; 
Missions,  Medical 

— u.  s. 

See  also  U.  S.  —  Hospitals  and  asylums 
Charity 

See  also  Altruism;  Charities;  Friendly 
visiting;  Kindness;  Love 

Charity,  Sisters  of,  see  Sisters  of  charity 
Charity  organization 

Sec  also  Charitable  societies;  Charities 

Charity  schools 

See  also  Orpihans  and  orphan  asylums; 
Ragged  schools 

Charlatanry  see  Quacks  and  quackery- 
Charlemagne     -  Romances 

Charms 

See  also  Amulets;  Birth  stones;  Swastika; 
Witchcraft 


Refer  from  Amateur  theatricals;  Amuse- 
ments; Drama;  Puzzles;  Riddles 

Refer  from  Carbon;  Fuel 
Refer  from  Drawing 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Carriages;  Military 
art  and  science;  Vehicles 

Refer  from  Benevolent  societies  (s) ;  Chari- 
ties ;  Charity  organization;  Humane  societies; 

Philanthropy;  Societies 

Refer  from  Almshouses;  Asylums;  Chari- 
table socieites;  Charity;  Charity  organization; 
Dependent  classes  (s) ;  Economics;  Friendly 
visiting;  Gifts;  Homes  (institutions)  (s) ; 
Hospitals;  Institutions,  Charitable  and  philan- 
thropic (s) ;  Outdoor  relief;  Philanthrop)'; 
Poor;  Public  institutions  (s) ;  Reform;  Relief 
work  (s) ;  Social  problems;  Social  work; 
Sociology 


Refer   from     Dispensaries;     Medical     chari- 
ties (s) ;  Medicine 


Refer  from  U.S.  —  Charities  (s) 

Refer  from  Almsgi\ing  (s) ;  Begging;  Benevo- 
lence (s) ;  Conduct  of  life;  Ethics;  Giving  (s) ; 
Love,  Philanthropy 


Refer  from  Associated  charities  (s) ;  Chari- 
table societies;  Charities;  Organized  chari- 
ty  (s) 

Refer  from  Charities;  Children  —  Charities, 
protection,  etc.;  Education;  Free  schools  (s) ; 
Orphans  and  orphan  asylums;  Schools 

Refer  from  Frencii  literature;  Middle  ages  — 
Literature;  Romances 

Refer  from  Amulets;  Demonology;  Evil  eye; 
Folklore;  Superstition;  Talismans  (s) ;  Witch- 
craft 


66 


Charters 

Si'e  also  Archives;  Corporations;  Magna 
charta;  Municipal  franchises;  also  names  of 
colonies,  states,  cities,  etc.,  subhead  Charters 


Chartism 

Chartography  sre  Charts;  Maps 
Charts 

See  also  Maps 

Chase,  The,  see  Hunting 
Chastity 

See  also  Celibacy 

Chateaux  see  Castles 

Chattel  mortgages  see  Alortgages 

Chattels  see  Personal  property;  Property 

Checkers 

Checkreins 

See  also  Harness 

Checks 

See  also  Banks  and  banking 
Cheerfulness 

See  also  Happiness;  Optimism 

Cheese 

See  also  Dairy  bacteriology;  Dairy  prod- 
ucts ;  Dairying 
Cheirognomy  see  Palmistry 
Cheiromancy  see  Palmistry 
Cheiroptera  see  Bats 
Cheirosophy  see  Palmistry 
Chemical  affinity 

See  also  Chemical  reaction 

Chemical  analysis  see  Chemistry  —  Analysis; 
also  subhead  Analysis  under  special  sub- 
jects, e.g.  Water  —  Analysis 

Chemical  apparatus 

See  also  Blowpipe;  Chemistry — Labora- 
tory manuals 


Chemical  effects  of  light  see  Photochemistry 
Chemical  elements 

See  also  Atomic  weights;  Metals;  Periodic 
law;  Valency;  also  names  of  elements,  e.g. 
Argon,  Arsenic,  Carbon,  Helium,  Nitrogen, 
0.x\'gen,  Radium,  Sulphur 
Chemical  engineering 

See   also    Chemistr)%   Technical;    Drying; 
Metallurgy;  Waste  products 

Chemical  geology  see  Geochemistry;   Geolog)', 

Economic;  Mineralogy;  Rocks 
Chemical  industries  see  Chemistry,  Technical 
Chemical  instruments  see  Chemical  apparatus 
Chemical  reaction 

See  also  Chemical  affinity;  Reagents 

Chemical  reagents  see  Reagents 
Chemical  societies 

Chemical  technology  see  Chemistr\',  Technical 


Refer  from  Archives;  Deeds;  Documents  (s) ; 
Government;  History — Sources;  Law; 
Manuscripts;  Municipal  charters  (s) ;  Munic- 
ipal government;  Paleography 

Refer  from  England  —  History  —  Victorian 
period ;  Labor  and  laboring  classes  —  England 


Refer    from     Cartography     (s) ;     Chartogra- 
phy (s) ;  Hydrography;  Alaps 


Refer  from    Ethics;    Marriage;    Purity    (s) ; 
Sexual  ethics;  Virtue;  Women 


Refer  from  Draughts  (s) ;  Games 

Refer  from   Animals  —  Treatment;    Bearing 
reins  (s) ;  Driving;  Harness;  Horse 

Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Money 

Refer  from   Conduct  of  life;   Contentment; 
Ethics;  Gladness  (s) ;  Happiness;  Optimism 

Refer  from  Dairy  bacteriology;  Dairy  prod- 
ucts; Dairying;  Milk 


Refer  from  Affinity,  Chemical  (s) ;  Chemical 
reaction;  Chemistry,  Physical 


Refer  from  Chemical  instruments  (s) ;  Chem- 
istry—  Apparatus  (s) ;  Chemistry — Labora- 
tory manuals;  Scientific  apparatus  and  instru- 
ments 


Refer  from  Elements,  Chemical  (s) 


Refer  from  Chemistry,  Technical;  Engineer- 
ing; Engineering,  Chemical  (s) ;  Industrial 
arts;  Industrial  chemistry  (s) ;  Metallurgy 


Refer   from    Chemical    affinity;    Chemistry, 
Physical;  Reaction,  Chemical  (s) ;  Reagents 


Refer  from  Scientific  societies 


67 


Chemistry 

St-e  also  Acids;  Agricultural  chemistry; 
Air;  Alchemy;  Alkalies;  Assaying;  Atomic 
theory;  Atomic  weights;  Atoms;  Catalysis; 
Color;  Combustion;  Condensation;  Crystal- 
lography; Dissociation;  Electrochemistry; 
Evaporation;  Fermentation;  Fire;  Gases; 
Geochemistry;  Ions;  Metallurgy;  Micro- 
chemistry;  Mineralogy;  Molecules;  Periodic 
law;  Pharmacy;  Photochemistry;  Photo- 
graphic chemistry;  Physics;  Ph}'siological 
chemistry;  Plants  —  Chemistry  and  nutri- 
tion; Poisons;  Radioactivity;  Reagents; 
Receipts;  Salts;  Sanitary  chemistry;  Solu- 
tion (chemistry);  Spectrum  analysis;  Stereo- 
chemistry ;  also  headings  beginning  Chemical, 
and  names  of  chemical  elements  and  sub- 
stances 

Agricultural,  see  Agricultural  chemistry 

Analysis 

Sec  also  Adulterations;  Assaying;  Blow- 
pipe; Electrolysis;  Eudiometer;  Micro- 
chemistry;  Mineralogy;  also  names  of 
substances  analyzed 

Animal,  see  Physiological  chemistry 

Apparatus,  see  Chemical  apparatus 

-Biological,  see  Physiological  chemistry 

Botanical,    see    Plants  —  Chemistry    and 

nutrition 
Dairy,  see  Agricultural  chemisti-y;   Dairy 

bacteriology 

Domestic,  see  Chemistry,  Household 

Experimental,    see    Chemistry  —  Labora- 
tory manuals 

Forensic,  see  Chemistry,  Legal 

History 

See    also    Alchemy;      Atomic     theory; 
Chemists 
Household 

See  also  Cleaning;  Cookery;  Food  — 
Analysis;  Food  adulteration  and  inspec- 
tion; Sanitary  chemistry;  Sanitation, 
Household 

Industrial,  see  Chemistry,  Technical 

Inorganic 

See   also   Alkalies;    Ammonia;    Metals; 
Mineralogy;  Rare  earths 
Laboratory  manuals 

See  also  Chemical  apparatus 


-Legal 

See    also    Medical 
sons 


jurisprudence;    Poi- 


-Mathematical,  see  Chemistry,  Physical 
-Medical,     see     Pharmacy;     Physiological 

chemistry 
-Organic 

See  also  Alcohol;  Alkaloids;  Carbon; 
Coal;  Es^sences  and  essential  oils;  Fer- 
mentation; Gas;  Physiological  chemistry; 
Plants  —  Chemistry  and  nutrition;  Pro- 
teins 


Refer  from  Acids;  Atoms;  Gases;  Molecules; 
Natural  history;  Physics;  Salts;  Science; 
Solution  (chemistry) 


Refer  fro 7)1  Adulterations;  Analysis  (chemis- 
try) (s) ;  Analytical  chemistry  (s) ;  Blowpipe; 
Chemical  analysis  (s) ;  Qualitative  analysis  (s) ; 
Quantitative  analysis  (s) ;  Titration  (s) ; 
Volumetric  analysis  (s) 


Refer  from  Alchemy;  Atomic  theory;  Chem- 


Refer  from  Chemistry,  Domestic  (s) ;  Food 
adulteration  and  inspection;  Home  economics; 
Household  chemistry  (s) ;  Sanitary  chemistry; 
Sanitation,  Household 


Refer  from  Alkalies;  Inorganic  chemistry  (s) ; 
Metals ;  Rare  earths 

Refer  from  Chemical  apparatus;  Chemistry, 
Experimental  (s) ;  Experimental  chemistry  (s) ; 
Experiments  (s) 

Refer  from  Chemistry,  Forensic  (s) ;  Forensic 
chemistry  (s) ;  Legal  chemistry  (s) ;  Medical 
jurisprudence;  Physiological  chemistry;  Poi- 
sons 


Refer    from     Alcohol;     Alkaloids;     Carbon; 
Fermentation;  Organic  chemisify  (s) ;  Proteins 


6S 


Chemistry  —  C  r  n : :  n  ued 

' Tii\':.y.:  c.::.'..   src  PhvsJolojncal  chemistiy 

— — r;-ii:n~iccu:icii],  sre  Pharmacy 

Photocraplhac,  site  Pfeotogrjipiiic  cihemistry 

Physical 

Srr  also  Atomic  tiheorj- ;  Atomic  xreights ; 
Atoms;  Boiliiag  points;  Catalysis;  Chemi- 
c-i]  air.r,i:y;  Cliemica]  reaction;  Colloids; 
C'%  5'i  ^'crarhv;  Dissociation;  Electro- 
Chen- ;.-:--:.  -■-■-----  .  :■  •  --  ^:---.  :.~,; 
Ucuc:^c:  g 

pC'illtS;        .\.. ;.        -;....;.: -  ^JC 

Uvc;  Phioiocliemastry ;  Physics;  Radio- 
activity; Soliation  (chc-r.-i'ftry) ;  Stereo- 
chcm:?iry;  Tih«rmc>"  :  Valency 

rhv5.i.  k-gical,  srf  T      ■        -  ..'.1  chemistry 

Sanitary,  see  Samitary  ciieniistry 

Technical 

Srr  aho  A'cetylene ;  Adukeraiioms ; 
AH'CoJiiol,  Denat^II^e^d;  Ammonia;  Animal 
products;  Baking  powder;  Boiler  scale; 
Bre-wing;  Celluloid;  Cellulose;  Cement; 
Chemica.1  engineering;  Clay  in^ustri'es; 
Coal-tar  colors;  Coal-tar  products;  Cor- 
rosion and  anti-corrosives;  Distillation; 
Dyes  and  dyeing;  Electrochemistry;  Es- 
sences and  essential  oils;  Explosives; 
Fermentation;  Fireworks;  Fuel;  Gas; 
Glass  manufacture;  Glucose;  Glue;  Gums 
and  resins;  Gunpowder;  Gutta-percha; 
Industrial  arts;  Ink;  Leather;  Matches; 
Metallurgy;  Oils  and  fats;  Paint;  Paper; 
Perfumery;  Petroleum;  Receipts;  Rub- 
ber; Soap;  Sugar;  Textile  industrj''  and 
fabrics;  V'arnish  and  varnishing;  Waste 
products;  Wood  distillation 

Chemists 

Srr  also  Chemistry  —  History ;  Pharma- 
cis's 

Chess 

Chest 

Sre  also  Anatomy;  Auscultation;  Heart; 
Lungs;  Respiratory  organs 

Chickens  srr  Poultry 

Chief  justices 

Srr  aho  Judges 

Child  labor 

Src  also  Apprentices;  Compulsory  edu- 
cation; Factory  system;  Hours  of  labor; 
Newsboys;  Sweating  system 


Child  life 

Srr  also  Children  in  Japan  [and  in  other 
countries] 
Child    saving    -^rr    ClTili'lrrn  — ■  Cliaruios-    pro- 
tection, etc. 
Child  study 

Srr  ,i,'.  p    Children;    Kindergarten;    Libra- 
ries. Children's;  Mothers'  clubs;  Plaj';  Psy- 
che u-cy.  Educational;  Youth 
Chi'.c. '-..-.od  srf  Child  life;  Children 
Children 

Srr    ais'O    Adoption;    Birth    rate;    Bovs; 
Bu<v   wr,Tkr   Child   bK-.r:    Child   life;   Child 


Rffcrf'  ■  --'  ~  theory;  Atomic  weights; 

Atoms ;'F  -         :.ts;  Catalysis;  Chemistry, 

Mathemai).-il  l,^  ;  Colloids;  Dissociation; 
Electrochemistry;  Electrolysis;  Liquefaction 
of  gases;  Liquid  air;  Molecules;  Osmosis; 
Periodic  law;  Photochemistry;  Physical  chem- 
istry (s);  Physics;  Solution  (chemistry); 
Stcreochemistrj' ;  Thermochemistry  (s) 


JRrfrr  from  Adulterations;  Animal  products; 
BreT(-ing;  Chemical  engineering;  Chemical 
industries  (s);  Chemical  technology  (s); 
Chemistr}\  Industrial  (s);  Clay  industries; 
Coal-tar  colors;  Coal-tar  products;  Distilla- 
tion; Dyes  and  dyeing;  Essences  and  essential 
oils;  Explosives;  Fermentation;  Gas;  Glass 
manufacture;  Glucose;  Gums  and  resins; 
Industrial  arts;  Industrial  chemistry  (s); 
Leather;  Manufactures;  Metallurgy;  Oils 
and  fats;  Paint;  Perfumery;  Soap;  Sugar; 
Technical  chemistry  (s) ;  Technology  ;  Textile 
industiry  and  fabrics 


Refer  from  Chemistry  —  History;  Pharma- 
cists ;  Sdcntists 
Refer  from  Games 


Refer  from  Anatomy;  Breathing 


Refer  from  Biography;  Judges;  Justices  (s); 
Lawyers 

Rrfer  from.  Boys;  Children;  Children  — 
Charities,  protection,  etc. ;  Children  — Employ- 
ment (s);  Children  —  Law;  Compulsory  edu- 
cation; Factory  laws;  Factory  system;  Girls; 
Hours  of  labor;  Labor  and  laboring  classes; 
Social  problems;  Sweating  system 

Rffrr from  Childhood  (si;  Children 


Refer  from  Children;  Education;  Kinder- 
garten; Mothers'  clubs;  Psychology;  Psychol- 
ogy, Educational ;  School  children  ;  Teaching 


Rrjrr    from     B. 
hood  (si ;  Conduc; 


study;      Child- 
.;ucation;  Family; 


Children — Continued 

study;  Education,  Elementary;  Eugenics; 
Family;  Fathers;  Foundlings;  Girls;  Hered- 
ity; Home;  Home  education;  lllegitimac\- ; 
Infants;  Juvenile  delinquency;  Kinder- 
garten; Libraries,  Children's;  Mothers; 
Orphans  and  orphan  asylums;  Parents; 
Play;  Playgrounds;  Precocity;  Prenatal 
influences;  School  children;  Sunday  schools; 
Twins;  Youth;  also  headings  beginning 
Children,  Children's 

Abnormal  and  backward 

See  also  Auxiliary  schools;   Defectives; 
Feeble-minded ;  Idiocy 


-Anecdotes  and  sayings 

-Backward,    see    Children,    Abnormal    and 

backward 
-Care  and  hygiene 

See  also  Children  —  Diseases;  Children 
—  Management;  Infants — Care  and  hy- 
giene; Medical  inspection  of  schools; 
Nurses  and  nursing;  School  hygiene; 
School  lunches 
-Charities,  protection,  etc. 

See  also  Charity  schools;  Child  labor; 
Creches;   Foundlings;   Fresh   air  charity; 
Humane   societies;   Orphans    and    orphan 
asylums;  Playgrounds 
-Diseases 

See  also  Children — Care  and  hygiene; 
Cholera    infantum;    Croup;    Diphtheria; 
Diseases  (s) ;  Measles;  Scarlet  fever 
-Education,    see    Education,    Elementary; 
Home    education;    Kindergarten;    also 
headings  beginning  School 
-Employment,  see  Child  labor 
-Health,  see  Children  —  Care  and  hygiene 
-Law 

See    also     Child     labor;     Curfew     law; 
Factory   laws;   Juvenile   courts;   Juvenile 
delinquency;  Labor  laws 
-Management 

See   also    Corporal    punishment;    Moral 
education 


Training,  see  Children  —  Management 

Children  in  art  see  Children  in  literature  and 


Girls;  Home;  Home  education;  Infants; 
Kindergarten;  Mothers;  Parents;  Sociology; 
Women;  Young  people  (s) ;  Youth 


Refer  from  Abnormal  children  (s) ;  Auxiliary 
schools;  Backward  children  (s) ;  Children, 
Backward  (s) ;  Defectives  ;  Education,  Elemen- 
tary; P'eeble-minded ;  Idiocy;  Juvenile  delin- 
quency; Mentally  deficient  children  (s) ; 
School    children 

Refer  from  Anecdotes;  Children's  sayings  (s) 


Refer  from  Children  —  Health  (s) ;  Children 
—  Diseases;  Diet;  Hygiene;  Infants  —  Care 
and  hygiene  ;  Nurses  and  nursing ;  Pediatrics  (s) 


Refer  from  Charities;  Child  saving  (s) ; 
Dependent  children  (s) ;  Foundlings;  Humane 
societies;  Orphans  and  orphan  asylums; 
Poor 

Refer  from  Children  —  Care  and  hygiene; 
Children's  diseases  (s) ;  Infants  —  Diseases  (s) ; 
Medicine —  Practice;  Pediatrics  (s) 


Refer  from  Children  —  Care  and  hygiene; 
Children  —  Training  (s) ;  Home  training  (s) ; 
Management  of  children  (s) ;  Aloral  educa- 
tion 


Children  in  Japan 

See  also  Japan  ^ — Social  life  and   customs 

Children  in  literature  and  art 

See  also  Children  in  poctr}' 

Children  in  poetry 

See  also  Children  in  literature  and  art 

Children's  books  see  Children's  litM-ature 
Children's  courts  see  Juvenile  courts 


Refer  from    Child    life;    Japan  —  Social    life 
and  customs 

Refer  from  Art ;  Children  in  art  (s) ;  Children 
in  poetry;  Literature 

Refer  from   Children   in    literature   and   art; 
Poetry;  Poetry  of  childhood  (s) 


Children's  crusade,  1212 

See  also  Crusades 
Children's  diseases  see  Children  —  Diseases 
Children's  libraries  see  Libraries,  Children's 
Children's  literature 

See  also  Children's  poetry;  Fairy  tales; 
Fiction  in  libraries :  Kindergarten  —  Stories  ; 
Libraries,  Children's;  Libraries  and  schools; 
Picture  books;  School  libraries;  Sunday 
school  libraries 

Children's  parties 
Children's  periodicals 
Children's  poetry 

See  also   Children's   literature;   Children's 
songs ;  Nursery  rhymes 
Children's    sayings    see    Children  —  Anecdotes 

and  sayings 
Children's  sermons 
Children's  songs 

See  also  Kindergarten  —  Games  and  songs  ; 
Nursery  rh}'mes 
Chills  and  fever  see  Malaria 
Chimes  and  chiming 
See  also  Bells 


Chiminc 


Ch 


and 


Chimney  sweeping 
Chimneys 

See   also   Chimney   sweeping;    Fireplaces; 
Heating;  Smoke;  Ventilation 
China  (porcelain)  see  Pottery 
China  painting 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts;  Pottery 

Chinaware.j-^<?  Pottery 
Chinch  bugs 

See  also  Hemiptera 

Chinese  immigration  see  Chinese  in  tlie  L^  S. 

[and  in  other  countries] 
Chinese  in  the  U.  S. 


Chinese-Japanese  war,  1894-1895 

See  also   China — -Hisior)';  Japan 
tory 


His- 


Chinese language 

See  also  Oriental  languages 
Chinese  literature 

See  also  Oriental  literature 
Chinese  philosophy  see  Philosophy,  Chinese 
Chinese    question    see    Eastern    question    (Far 

East);  China  —  Foreign  relations;  China  — 

History;  Chinese  in  the  U.  S. 
Chinese  scale  see  San  Jose  scale 
Chinese  shadows  see  Shadow  pantomimes 
Chinook  jargon 
Chirognomy  see  Palmistry 
Chirography  see  Penmanship;  Writing 
Chiromancy  see  Palmistry 
Chiropody 
Chiroplcra  see  Bats 
Chirosophy  see  Palmistry 


Refer  from  Crusades 


Refer  from  Books  and  reading;  Books  and 
reading — Best  books;  Children's  books  (s) ; 
Children's  poetry;  Fiction  in  libraries;  Ju- 
venile literature  (s) ;  Libraries,  Children's; 
Libraries  and  schools;  Literature;  Schools  and 
libraries  (s) ;  Stories  (s) 

Refer  from  Entertaining;  Parties  (s) 

Refer  from  Periodicals 

Refer  from  Children's  literature;  Nursery 
rhymes;  Poetry;  Poetry  of  childhood  (s) 


Refer  fro 7)1  Sermons 

Refer  from  Children's  poetry;  Songs 


Refer  from  Bells  ;  Chiming  (s)  ;  Church  music  ; 
Ringing  (s) 

Refer  from  Chimneys;  Sweeping 

Refer   from    Architecture;    Building;     Fire- 
places; Fires;  Heating;  Ventilation 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Decoration  and 
ornament;  Painting;  Pottery 


Refer   from    Hemiptera;    Insects,    Injurious 
and  beneficial 


Refer  from  Chinese  immigration  (s) ;  Chinese 
question  (s) ;  Race  problems  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S.  — 
Foreign  population;  U.  S. —  Foreign  relations 

—  China 

Refer  from  China  —  History;  Eastern  ques- 
tion (Far  East) ;  Japan  —  History 


Refer  from  Oriental  languages 
Refer  from  Oriental  literature 


Refer  from  Indians — •  Languages 


Refer  from  Foot 


Chivalry 

See  also  Arthurian  romances;  Civiliza- 
tion, Medieval;  Crusades;  Courts  of  love; 
Feudalism;  Heraldry;  Honor;  Knights  and 
knighthood;  Malta,  Knights  of;  Middle 
ages;  Romances;  Templars;  Teutonic 
knights;  Tournaments 
Chloroform 

See  also  Anesthetics 
Chocolate 

See  also  Beverages ;  Cocoa 

Choice  of  books  see  Books  and  reading 
Choice  of  profession  see  Profession,  Choice  of 
Choirs 

See     also     Church      music;      Conducting 
(music)  ;  Singing  and  voice  culture 

Cholera,  Asiatic 


Cholera  infantum 

Choral  music 

See    also    Chants;    Church    music.    For 
scores  see  Choruses  and  part  songs 
Choral  societies 

See  also  Musical  societies 

Choruses  and  part  songs 

See  also  Anthems;  Glees 


Chouans 

See  also  Vendcan  war 
Christ  see  Jesus  Christ 
Christadelphians 

Christendom  see  Christianit)- ;  Cliurcii   history; 
History 

Christening  see  Baptism 

Christian  antiquities 

See  also  Architecture,  Gothic;  Baptism; 
Bible — Antiquities;  Burial;  Catacombs; 
Christian  art  and  sj-mbolism;  Church  archi- 
tecture; Church  furniture;  Church  vest- 
ments; Fasts  and  feasts;  Funeral  rites  and 
ceremonies;  Lord's  supper;  A4arriage;  Rel- 
ics ;  Rites  and  ceremonies  ;  Shrines  ;  Tombs 

Christian  art  and  symbolism 

See  also  Art;  Bible — Pictorial  illustra- 
tions; Catacombs;  Cathedrals;  Christian 
antiquities;  Church  architecture;  Churcli 
decoration  and  ornament;  Church  furniture; 
Church  vestments;  Cross;  Fmblems ;  Jesus 
Christ  in  art;  Madonnas;  Rites  and  cere- 
monies; Saints  in  art;  Sarcophagi 

Christian  biography 

See  also  Apostles;  Apostolic  fathers; 
Archbishops;  Bishops;  Cardinals;  Clergy- — • 
Biography  ;  Fathers  of  the  church  ;  Hermits  ; 
Martyrs;  Missionaries;  Monaslicism;  Pil- 
grim fathers  ;  Popes  —  Biography  ;  Preaclicrs  ; 
Puritans;  Reformers;  Saints;  also  names  of 
churches,  subhead  Biography 


Refer  from  Civilization,  Medieval;  Crusades; 
Feudalism;  Heraldry;  Knight-errantry  (s); 
Knights  and  knighthood;  Middle  ages;  ^Iid- 
dle  ages  —  Social  life  and  customs;  Religious 
orders;  Templars;  Tourna-ments 


Refer  from  Anesthetics 

Refer  from    Beverages  ;    Cocoa  ;    Confection- 
ery;  Food 


Refer  from  Boy  choirs  (s) ;  Church  music; 
Conducting  (music);  M^sic;  Singing  and  \'oicc 
culture 

Refer  from  Asiatic  cholera  (s) ;  Contagion 
an-d  contagious  diseases;  Epidemics;  Medicine 
—  Practice;   Tropics  —  Diseases    and    hygiene 

Refer  from  Cliildren  — ■  Diseases 


Refer  from  Chants;  Church  music;  Music; 
Vocal  music  (s) 

Refer  from  Musical  societies;  Singing  and 
voice  culture;  Singing  societies  (s) 

Refer  from  Choral  music;  Glees;  Music  — 
Scores;  Part  songs  (s) ;  Quartets,  Vocal  (s) ; 
Songs 

Refer  from  French  revolution;  Vendean  war 

Refer  from  Brothers  of  Christ  (s) ;  Millen- 
nium; Second  ad\-ent;  Sects 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Bible  —  Antiqui- 
ties; Christian  art  and  symbolism;  Church 
antiquities  (s) ;  Church  ceremonies  (s) ; 
Church  polity;  Ecclesiastical  antiquities  (s) ; 
Rites  and  ceremonies 


^^/^r /row  Archaeology  ;  Architecture;  Art; 
Art,  Christian  (s) ;  Christian  antiquities; 
Christian  symbolism  (s) ;  Church  architecture; 
Church  decoration  and  ornament ;  Cross ;  lOc- 
clesiastical  art  (s) ;  Emblems;  Iconography  (s) ; 
Jesus  Christ  in  art;  Madonnas;  Painting; 
Religious  art  (s) ;  Sacred  art  (s) ;  Saints  in  art ; 
S}'mbolism 

Refer  from  Biography  ;  Church  biography  (s) ; 
Ecclesiastical  biography  (s) ;  Martyrs;  Mis- 
sionaries; Religious  biographj'  (s) 


7« 


Christian     character    see    Christian     life     and 

character 
Christian    church    (Disciples)    see   Disciples   of 

Christ 
Christian  doctrine  see  Theology 
Christian  education  see  Religious  education 
Christian  era 
Christian  ethics 

See    also    Christian    life    and     character; 

Conscience;  Ethics;  Sin;  Social  ethics 

Christian    evidences    see    Christianity  —  Evi- 
dences 

Christian  life  and  character 

See  also  Character;  Christian  ethics; 
Christian  work;  Conduct  of  life;  Conver- 
sion; Devotional  exercises;  Faith;  Good- 
ness; Monasticism;  Prayer;  Religious  edu- 
cation; Revivals;  Sanctification ;  Spiritual 
life 


Refer  from  Chronology 
Refer   from    Christian    life 


Conscience;     Ethics: 
Sin ;  Social  ethics 


Ethics, 


and    character; 
Christian     (s) ; 


Refer  from  Character ;  Christian  character  (s) ; 
Christian  ethics;  Christianity,  Practical  (s) ; 
Conduct  of  life;  Conversion;  Ethics;  Life; 
Personal  religion  (s) ;  Practical  theology  (s) ; 
Religion,  Personal  (s) ;  Religious  experience  (s) ; 
Sanctification;  Spiritual  life;  Theology,  Prac- 
tical (s) 


Christian  names  see  Names.  Personal 
Christian  perfection  see  Sanctification 
Christian  science 

See  also  Alental  healing 


Christian  socialism 

See  also  Christian  sociology 


Christian  sociology 

See  also  Catholic  church  —  Social  rela- 
tions;  Christian  socialism;  Christian  work ; 
Church;  Church  and  education;  Church 
work;  Institutional  churches;  Social  ethics; 
Social  problems;  Social  work 


Christian    symbolism    see    Christian    art    and 

symbolism 
Christian  union 

See  also  Evangelical  alliance 

Christian  work 

See     also     Christian     sociology;     Church 
work 


Refer  from  Absent  treatment  (s) ;  Faith 
cure;  Mental  healing;  Mind  and  body;  Sects; 
Suggestive  therapeutics;  Therapeutics 

Refer  from  Christian  sociology;  Church  and 
social  problems  (s)  ;  Socialism;  Socialism, 
Christian  (s) ;  Sociology 

Refer  from  Christian  socialism;  Christian 
work;  Christianity,  Practical  (s) ;  Christianity 
and  social  problems  (s) ;  Church;  Church  and 
social  problems  (s) ;  Church  work ;  Religion 
and  sociology  (s) ;  Social  ethics;  Social  prob- 
lems; Social  work;  Sociology;  Sociology, 
Christian  (s) 


Refer  from  Church;  Church  polity;  Church 
unity  (s) ;  Sects;  Union,  Christian  (s) 

Refer   from    Christian    life    and    character; 
Christian  sociology;  Church  work 


Christian  year 

See  also  Advent;  Ash  Wednesday; 
Christmas;  Easter;  Fasts  and  feasts;  Good 
Friday;  Holidays;  Holy  week;  Lent 

Christianity 

See  also  Apostles;  Bible;  Christianity 
and  other  religions;  Church  ;  Church  history, 
and  other  headings  beginning  Church; 
Civilization,  Christian;  Deism;  God;  Jesus 
Christ;  Miracles;  Missions;  Protestantism; 
Reformation;  Religion;  Sects;  Socialism 
and  Christianity;  Theism;  Theology;  also 
headings  beginning  Christian,  and  names  of 
Christian  churches  and  sects 


Refer  from  Advent;  Calendar;  Church  cal- 
endar (s);  Church  of  l'',ngland ;  Church 
year  (s) ;  Fasts  and  feasts;  Holy  week;  Lent; 
Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S. 

Refer  from  Bible;  Christendom  (s) ;  Church; 
Church  history;  Deism;  God;  Jesus  Christ; 
Natural  religion;  Philosophy;  Religion;  Re- 
ligions; Revelation;  Sociology;  Theism; 
Theology 


73 


fiiiiainciii  ;   I  lnlicUiyH  ;  Jcsuh  C'lii  isl         liiilli; 
M.-iKi ;  S.iijI.i  (  I.iiih;  aho  licadiiigti  b(•J^imlin^; 


Christianity       (.'oni  inucil 
Evidences 

iSi'f     (il'ii     I'.ihlc         l''.\  idciK  (•■;     ami     ail  h'lfiT    froiii     /\  pnli  i^^cl  Ii'H     (li);     I5il>|i-      -  Ivvi- 

lluiiily  ;  Mil  ai  liv;  ;   KcliyMun  ami  hi  iciuc  (Iciu'i'h  iiiicl  an  I  In  nil  y  ;  C'liiiNliaii  i\  hliiu  ch  (h)  ; 

MviiienccH    of    Cliiiuliunity    (s)  ;    MiiaJcHj  Uc- 
li).Miin 

IliHtoiy,  sff  C'liun  li  iiislnry 

• OiiKi'i.  J''**  Climi-li  liisliH  y     —  I'.ai  I  \   i  Inn  <  li 

J'raclical,  set"  C'lnisiiaii  lilc  ainl  i  haiai  in  ; 

C'luisiian  H()i-i()li)).'y 
I'i'i  mi  I  i '  I-,      W('     C'liiiiili      lii:,liii\  I'ail)' 

(  llll  I  c  ll 

Christianity  and  Other  religions  l\,j','r  from  Cliilsiiaiiiiy  ;  KdiKiDiis 

C'lii  i^ii  iaiiiiy     ami     su  icm  <•     .i/v     RclijMoii     ainI 

HI  iflll  f 

CliriHtianii  y  ami  Muial   pKililrmri   wv  (  liii-.ii.in 

H(H'iiil(i^;y 
CliriHliaiiiiy    ami    i.dtiaii.Hiii    \fe  Soi  ialisiu   an<l 

Cliriiitiaiiily 
Christmas 

.S'(V    iilui    ("aidhi;    C'liiiiili    <lci  oi  a  I  inn    aiul  Rrfrr    fraiii    Advi-nl  ;    Cliiihlian    )<-ai;    I'asls 

and     Ira.i;,;    lii.lidayi;    Jt-Mis    C'liii;.!  Uiitli; 

Sa  111  a  C'laii'i 
Cliii';!  ma.'i 
Cliiislma:i  iaii)l;i   frr  Ciniin 
Christmas  entertainments  ki]/-r  jium   iMiiiTUuiiiiiciiUi ;  Sunday  tttlniol 

eiileilaininenlH 
Christmas  gifts  Rrji-r  jm  m  ( !  i  I'l  s 

Christnia:;  plays  Rfjfr  jnnn  Diami 

Christmas  poetry 

.SVv  (//lo  (.'aiolii  Ri'lfr  jiinii   rodiy;    Kci  il  a  I  imih  ami   icadin^'i* 

Christmas  stories 

('111  i^lo|(i).'y    wv   )i",ii'i  (  'hrisl 
(  'liiniiial  i(  :.    wv'  (  'iilui 

Chromolithography 

Srr    iiho     ('nlm      \'iiii\iny;     (i/i.ii      piliii'.;  /w;//'/ //o  )// ( 'i  j|i  n  ;  ( 'i  iImi  |  .ii  n  I  i  iir  ;  1 .1 1  In  i^i  a  pliy 

l,illii)j.;i'apliy 
Clironi()|)ln)lt)Ki''ip''y  ■"'''  Cfdm   idii)i()j.M  ajiliy 
CliruMioHoincM  i/v  Karyoldiichin 
Chronograph 

Sff  nhd    A.'.l  1 1  iiM  niiic  a  I    1 II  ,1  MMiH  II I  ■.  ;     I'Iim  h'/'frr  j  id  in   As!  i  mn  iiiin  a  I   i  ii  J  i  n  iik'hI  fi  ;  'I'lim' 

1  o(  ll  r(inii).M  a|ili 
Chronology 

Sn-    (iImi    Alniaiiai   ,;    (   alcndai;    Cliiii.liaii  /w'/''''    /''"'"     A I  in  ,i  iiac  li  ;     Asl  1 1  im  nii  \   ;     (alrn 

era  ;  Time  ;  ^'t•al■  ilai;'iiinc;  \'car 

Mihii.al,  ^fe  HiM.         <  InnmJony 

Historical 

Sic'  aho   Hililc         C'lii  minliij-y  ;    llitiloi)  ;  lirjcr  jin  iii  Aniialii  (;.);   Dalivi  (h);   llihluiy 

also  naincH  ol   < unnl  lici,  i-,iil)lii-afl    llitihny 
- —  ('liiun(il()).;y 
CIirf)mi|iliol()t-M  ajdiy  \ir  Miiviii;.;  |i|iiiiir(i 

(-hiillunes  Rrji-r  Jnnn  Cave,;  ^'malall 

Church 

Sir    aho    Cliii.-.iiaii     HociDJo^'y  ;     C'lirinliaii  A?^'/r'r /a';///  ( 'liii:.l  iaii  mn  inluj^y  ;  ( 'In  i.i  iaiiil  y  ; 

union;  Cliriiilianil  y  ;  I  milil  nlii<nal  (  Iiiik  Ik'm  ;       'i'lii-olu^y 
also  iu'aditiKrt  \)i'\.'\\\\\\\\\.\  C'lnmli,  and   naincK 
of  climclicM  and  lai  in 

limtilnlional,  nw  I  nsl  ii  n  l  innal  i  Inm  In-i 
C'liiiK  ll  a(<i)niiU  MY  C'linii  li  Imam  >• 
Church  and  education 

Sn'    tiho     I'.il.li-    in     iIm-    talior,l,;    (alliMli.  krirr    j mm     WWAr    in    llic    HcliooU;    Catliolii- 

cliniili  I'aliualion;  (  linn  li  m  IimoI,  ;  I'lili  ilinnli  I'almalimi;  C'liriMtiaii  HiMii)|i)(.;y  ; 
lie  i((  IkjoIh  and  ii'liKion  ;  KcliKioin.  cdm  aiioii  ;  I'liiin  h  and  Hlfllc;  C'linnli  hcIiuuIh:  Dcinnnina- 
'l'lifo|i.).;y  -      Study  and  Icai  liin^;  limial  mcIiooIh  (n);   luimalion;    l-'alncal  inn   and 

cliuiili    (s);    Rtdi^'ion    and    cilmalinn    (s);    Kc- 
li^inUH  education 

74 


Cliurch  and  liealing  see  Emmanuel  mo\cmcnl; 
Medicine  and  religion 

Churcii     and    social    problems    see    Christian 
socialism;  Christian  sociology;  Church  work 

Church  and  state 

iS'iV  also  Asylum,  Right  of;  Catholic 
church;  Church  and  education;  Church  his- 
tory; Church  of  England —  I^stablishment ; 
Church  polity;  Church  property;  Liberty  of 
conscience;  Popes  —  Temporal  power;  Re- 
ligious liberty;  Socialism  and  Catholic 
church;  Socialism  and  Christianity;  Taxa- 
tion, Exemption  from 

Church  antiquities  see  Christian  antiquities 

Church  architecture 

See  also  Abbeys;  Architecture;  Architec- 
ture, Gothic;  Basilicas;  Cathedrals;  Chap- 
els; Christian  art  and  symbolism;  Church 
decoration  and  ornament ;  Crypts  ;  Mosques  ; 
Orientation  (architecture);  Spires  ;  Temples  ; 
Towers 

Chuich  attendance 

Church  bells  see  Bells 
Church  benefices  see  Church  property 
Church  biography  see  Christian  biography 
Church  calendar  see  Christian  j-ear;  Fasts  and 

feasts 
Church  census  see  Church  statistics 
Cliurch  ceremonies  see   Christian   antiquities; 
Fasts  and  feasts;  Liturgies;  Rites  and  cere- 
monies 
Church  costu-ne  see  Church  vestments 
Church  councils  see  Councils  and  s)'nods 
Church  decoration  and  ornament 

See  alio  Christian  art  and  symbolism ; 
Church  furniture;  Floral  decoration;  Rood 
screens 

Church  dedication 


Church  discipline 

See  also  Absolution;   Asceticism;   Church 
polity;   Confession;    Excommunication;    In- 
quisition; Interdict;  Monasticism;  Penance; 
Purgatory;  Simony 
Church  entertainments 

See   also   Entertainments;    Sunday   school 
entertainments 

Church  extension  see  Church  work;  Missions 
Church  fathers  see  Fathers  of  the  church 
Church  festivals  see  Fasts  and  feasts 
Church  finance 

See  also  Church   property;  Church   rates; 
Taxation,  Exemption  from;  Tithes 
Church  furniture 

See  also  Altars;  Baptismal  fonts;  Pulpits; 
Rood  screens;  Shrines 


Churcli  government  see  Church  polity 
Church  history 

See    also    Abbeys;    Apostolic    succession; 
Bible;   Canonization;   Cathedrals;   Catholic 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Church  history; 
Church  of  England  —  Establishment;  Church 
polity;  Disestablishment  (s) ;  Government; 
Liberty  of  conscience;  Persecution;  Religious 
liberty;  State  church  (s) 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Architecture, 
Ecclesiastical  (s) ;  Architecture,  Gothic; 
Basilicas;  Cathedrals;  Chapels;  Christian 
antiquities;  Christian  art  and  symbolism; 
Churches  (s) ;  Ecclesiastical  architecture  (s) ; 
Religious  art  (s) ;  Spires;  Temples 

Refer  from  Church  statistics;  Churchgo- 
ing  (s) ;  Public  worship  (s) ;  Sunday;  Worship 


Refer  from  Christian  art  and  symbolism; 
Christmas;  Church  architecture;  Church  orna- 
ment (s) ;  Decoration  and  ornament;  Floral 
decoration;  Interior  decoration  (s) 

Refer  from  Church  polity;  Churches  (s) ; 
Consecration  of  churches  (s) ;  Dedication  of 
churches  (s) ;  Rites  and  ceremonies 

Refer  from  Church  membership;  Church 
polity;  Discipline,  lOcclesiastical  (.") ;  Ex- 
communication; Penance 


Refer  from  Church  sociables  (s) ;  Church 
work;  Entertainments;  Sociables  (s) ;  So- 
cials (s) ;  Sunday  school  entertainments 


Refer  from  Church  accounts  (s) ;  Church 
property;  Church  rates;  Finance;  Tithes 

Refer  from  Altars;  Baptismal  fonts;  Chris- 
tian antiquities;  Christian  art  and  symbolism; 
Church  decoration  and  ornament;  Ecclesias- 
tical furniture  (s) ;  Furniture;  Pulpits 


Refer  from    Bible;    Catholic    church —  Ilis- 
torv  •    Christendom    (s) ;    Christianity;    Chris- 


75 


Church  history  —  Continued 

church  —  liistory;  Celibacy;  Christianity; 
Church  and  state;  Church  law;  Church 
polity;  Convents  and  nunneries;  Councils 
and  synods;  Creeds;  Dissenters;  Eastern 
churches;  Episcopacy;  Fathers  of  the 
church;  Flagellants;  Heresy;  Huguenots; 
Inquisition;  Jesuits;  Jews;  Martyrs; 
Miracles;  Missions;  Monasticism;  Persecu- 
tion; Popes — History;  Protestantism; 
Reformation;  Religious  liberty;  Religious 
orders;  Revivals;  Sects;  Sisterhoods; 
Theology  [for  history  of  doctrines];  also 
headings  beginning  Christian,  names  of  sects, 
churches,  councils,  etc.,  and  names  of  coun- 
tries and  cities,  subhead  Religious  history 

Early  church 

St-e  also  Arianism;  Bible  —  New  Testa- 

meiit  —  Apocryphal    books;    Catacombs; 

Donatists;  Fathers  of  the  church;  Pelagi- 

anism 

Early  church  —  Apostolic 

See  also  Apostles;  Apostolic  fathers; 
Bible  —  New  Testament 

Middle  ages 

See  also  Albigenses;  Crusades;  Flagel- 
lants; Middle  ages — History;  Popes  — 
Temporal  power;  Schism,  The  great 
western,  1378-1417;  Waldenses 

Reformation,  see  Reformation 

Modern 

See      also       Covenanters;       Dissenters; 
Jansenists;  Reformation 
Church  law ' 

See  also  Apostolic  canons;  Apostolic  con- 
stitutions; Asylum,  Right  of;  Benefit  of 
clergy;  Church  history;  Church  polity; 
Church  property;  Councils  and  synods; 
Divorce;  Marriage;  Simony;  Tithes;  also 
names  of  churches,  subhead  Government 
Church  membership 

See     also     Baptism;     Church     discipline; 
Church     polity;     Church     statistics;     Close 
communion;       Confirmation;       Covenants; 
Creeds;  Lord's  supper 
Church  music 

See  also  Anthems  ;  Bible  —  Music ;  Carols  ; 
Chants;  Chimes  and  chiming;  Choirs; 
Choral  music;  Hymns;  Liturgies;  Missals; 
Masses;  Oratorios;  Organ  music 

Church  of  Christ   (Disciples)   sec   Disciples  of 
Christ 

Church    of    Christ    of    latter-day    saints    see 
Mormons  and  Mormonism 

Church  of  England 

See  also  Anglican  communion  ;  Apostolic 
succession;  Cathedrals;  Catholic  church; 
Cliristian  year;  Confirmation;  Dissenters; 
England — Religious  history;  Episcopacy; 
Fasts  and  feasts;  Noniurors;  Oxford  move- 
ment; Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the 
U.  S. ;  Puritans;  Ritualism;  Sacraments; 
Sisterhoods 


tianity — History  (s)  ;  Church  and  state; 
Church  law;  Church  polity;  Councils  and 
synods;  Ecclesiastical  history  (s) ;  Heresy; 
Flistory;  Martyrs;  Popes — History;  Ref- 
ormation; Religious  history  (s) ;  Sacred  his- 
tory (s) ;  Theology 


Refer  from  Arianism;  Catacombs;  Christi- 
anity—  Origin  (s) ;  Christianity,  Primitive  (sj ; 
Donatists;  Early  church  (s) ;  Fathers  ol 
the  church;  Pclagianism;  Primitive  Christi- 
anity (s) 

Refer  from   Apostles;  Apostolic  church   (s) ; 
Apostolic  fathers;  Bible —  New  Testament 


Refer  from  Aliddle  ages  —  History;  Popes  — 
Temporal  power;  Schism,  The  great  western,. 
1378-1417 


Refer  from  Canon  law   (s)  ;  Church  history; 
Church  polity;  Ecclesiastical  law  (s) ;  Law 


Refer   from    Church    polit)';    Confirmation: 
Lord's  supper 


Refer  from  Anthems;  Chants;  Choirs; 
Choral  music;  Church  services;  Devotional 
exercises;  Hymns;  Music;  Organ  music; 
Psalmody  (s) ;  Sacred  music  (s) ;  Songs;  Vocal 
music  (s) ;  Worship 


Refer  from  Anglican  church  (s) ;  Anglican  com- 
munion; Dissenters;  England,  Church  of  (sj ; 
I'lngland — Religious  history;  Episcopac\' ; 
I'lpiscopal  church  (s) ;  Nonjurors;  Protestant 
Episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S. ;  Puritans;  Sects 


76 


Church  of  England  —  Continued 

Articles  of  religion  Refer  from  Articles.  Thirty-nine  (s) ;  Church 

of  England  —  Catechisms  and  creeds;  Churcii 
of  England  —  Thirty-nine  articles  (s) ;  Thirty- 
nine  articles  (s) 

Biography 

See  also  Archbishops;  Bishops;  Church 
of  England  —  Clergy 
Canons,   see   Church   of    England  —  Gov- 
ernment 

Catechisms  and  creeds 

See    also    Apostles'    creed;    Athanasian  ^i^/cr /row  Church  of  England  —  Creeds  (s) 

creed;   Church   of   England  —  Articles   of 
religion;  Nicene  creed 

-Clergy 

See    also    Apostolic    succession;     Arch-  Refer  from   Apostolic   succession;    Archbish- 

bishops;   Bishops;   Church   of  England —       ops  ;  Bishops  ;  Church  of  England  —  Biography 
Directories  ;  Episcopacy  ;  Priests 

Constitution,    see    Church    of    England  — 

Government 

Convocations 

Creeds,   see   Church    of    England  —  Cate- 
chisms and  creeds 

Dioceses 

See  also  names  of  dioceses 

Directories 

See    also    Church    of    England  —  Year-  Refer  from  Church  oi 'En^Xa.nd  —  Clergy 

books 

Doctrinal  and  controversial  works 

See  also  Alarprelate  controversy 

Establishment 

See  also  Church  and  state  Refer  from  Church  and  state;  Disestablish- 

ment (s) ;  State  church  (s) 

Finance 

See  qIso  Church  rates ;  Tithes 

Government 

See    also    Church    of    England  —  Royal  /^^/^r/row  Church  of  England  —  Canons  (s) ; 

supremacy  Church  of  England  —  Constitution  (s) 

History 

See   also   England  —  Religious    histor\';  ^^/^r /row:  England  —  Religious  history 

also  names  of  dioceses 

Liturgy  and  ritual 

See  also  Ritualism  Refer  from  Church  of  England  —  Ritual  (s) ; 

Liturgies;  Ritualism 

Missions  Refer  from  Missions 

Ritual,  see  Church  of  England  —  Liturgy 

and  ritual 
Royal  supremacy  Refer  from    Church    of   England  —  Govern- 
ment;   Royal    supremacy     (Church    of     Eng- 
land) (s) 
Thirty-nine   articles,   see  Church   of   Eng- 
land —  Articles  of  religion 

Yearbooks  Refer  from  Church  of  England  —  Directories 

Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  latter-day  saints  see 

Mormons  and  Mormonism 
Church  of  Scotland 

See       also       Co\enanters ;       Presbyterian  Refer      from       Covenanters;       Presbyterian 

church;     Presbyterianism ;     Reformation—       church;       Presbyterianism ;       Reformation  — 
Scotland;  Scotland  —  Religious  history  Scotland;  Scotland — Religious  history;  Sects 

Church  of  the  New  Jerusalem  see  New  Jerusa- 
lem church 
Church  ornament  see  Church   decoration   and 

ornament 
Church  polity 

See  also  Absolution ;  Apostolic  succession :  Refer    from     Bishops;     Church     and     state; 

Asceticism;     Bap-tism;     Benefit     of    clergy;        Church    discipline;    Church    government    (s) ; 

77 


Brotherhoods;  Cardinals;  Celibacy;  Chris- 
tian antiquities;  Christian  union;  Church 
and  state;  Church  dedication;  Church 
discipline;  Church  history;  Church  law; 
Church  membership;  Church  property; 
Church  rates;  Clergy;  Confession;  Con- 
firmation; Congregationalism;  Councils  and 
synods;  Covenants;  Deaconesses;  Deacons; 
Episcopacy;  Excommunication;  Fasts  and 
feasts;  Free  churches;  Indulgences;  Inter- 
dict; Liberty  of  conscience;  Lord's  supper; 
Methodism;  Alonasticism;  Ordination; 
Penance;  Popes;  Preaching;  Presbyterian- 
ism;  Priests;  Religious  orders;  Rites  and 
ceremonies;  Ritualism;  Sacraments;  Sister- 
hoods; Sunday;  Tithes;  Worship;  also 
names  of  churches,  subhead  Government 
Church  property 

See  also  Church  finance;  Convents  and 
nunneries;  Monasteries;  Taxation,  Exemp- 
tion from 

Church  rates 

See  also  Church  finance;  Tithes 


Church  schools 

See  also  Church  and  education 


Church  services 

See  also  Church   music;   Devotional  exer- 
cises; Liturgies;  Prayer  meetings;   Respon- 
sive worship;  Worship 
Church  settlements  see  Social  settlements 
Church  sociables  see  Church  entertainments 
Church  statistics 

See  also  Church  attendance 

Church  unity  see  Christian  union 
Church  vestments 

See  also  Costume 


Church  work 

See  also  Christian  sociology;  Christian 
work;  Church  entertainments;  City  mis- 
sions; Deaconesses;  Evangelistic  work; 
Institutional  churches;  Missions;  Pastoral 
work  ;  Revivals  ;  Social  settlements  ;  Sunday  ; 
Sunday  schools 

Church  year  see  Christian  year 

Churches  see  Church  architecture;  Church 
dedication;  F"rcc  churches;  also  indi\idual 
churches,  and  names  of  cities,  subhead 
Churches 

Churchgoing  see  Church  attendance 

Churchyards  see  Cemeteries 

Cicadas 

See  also  Hemiptera 


Church  history;  Church  law;  Church  mem- 
bership; Congregationalism;  Ecclesiastical 
polity  (s) ;  Theology 


Refer  from  Church  and  state;  Church  bene- 
fices (s) ;  Church  finance;  Church  law;  Church 
polity;  Property;  Real  estate;  Taxation, 
Exemption  from 

Refer  from  Church  finance;  Church  of  Eng- 
land—  Finance;  Church  polity;  Dissenters; 
Tithes 


Refer  from  Catholic  church — ^  Education; 
Church  and  education;  Denominational 
schools  (s) ;  Diocesan  schools  (s) ;  Parish 
schools  (s) ;  Parochial  schools  (s) ;  Religious  ed- 
ucation :  Schools 


Refer  from  Devotional  exercises;  Liturgies; 
Public  worship  (s) ;  Religious  services  (s) ; 
Worship 


Refer  from  Church  census  (s) ;  Church  mem- 
bership; Ecclesiastical  statistics  (s) ;  Statistics 


Refer  from  Christian  antiquities;  Christian 
art  and  symbolism;  Church  costume  (s) ; 
Costume;  Ecclesiastical  costume  (s) ;  Ecclesi- 
astical vestments  (s) ;  Regalia;  Vestments  (s) 

Refer  from  Christian  sociology;  Christian 
work;  Church  and  social  problems  (s) ;  Church 
extension  (s) ;  Institutional  churches 


Refer  from  Hemiptera;  Insects,  Injurious 
and  beneficial;  Locusts;  Sevcntccn-ycar  lo- 
custs (s) 


78 


Cider 

See  also  Beverages 
Cigarettes 

See  also  Smoking 
Cigars 

See  also  Cigarettes;  Smoking;  Tobacco 
Cinematics  see  Kinematics 
Cinematograph  see  Moving  pictures 
Cipher  codes  see  Telegraph  codes 
Ciphers 

See  also  Abbreviations;  Telegraph; 
Telegraph  codes;  Writing 

Circle 

See  also  Geometry 
Circle-squaring 

See  also  Geometry 

Circulating  libraries  see  Libraries 
Circulation  of  the  blood  see  Blood 
Circulatory  system  see  Vascular  system 
Circumcision 

See  also  Jews  —  Religion 
Circumnavigation    see    Voyages     and     travels 

around  the  world 
Circumstantial  evidence  see  Evidence 
Circus 

See   also   Acrobats;    Animals  —  Training; 
Clowns ;  Menageries 
Cistercians 

See      also      Benedictines;      Monasticism; 
Trappists 
Cities 

See  also  Boroughs;  City  and  country; 
City  life;  Garden  cities;  Hanseatic  league; 
Housing  problem;  Markets;  IVIunicipal 
government,  and  other  headings  beginning 
Municipal;  Parks;  Slums;  Street  cleaning; 
Street  cries;  Streets;  I'owns 

Planning  and  laying  out 

See  also  Garden  cities;   Housing  prob- 
lem;  Municipal   art;    Municipal   centers; 
Municipal    improvement;    also    names    of 
cities,  subhead  Public  buildings 
Citizenship 

See  also  Aliens;  Allegiance;  Civil  rights; 
Education  and  citizenship;  Expatriation; 
Government;  Naturalization;  Patriotism; 
Political  ethics;  School  city 

City  and  country 

See  also  City  life;  Country  life;  Farm  life 

City  gardens  see  Vacant  lot  cultivation 
City  government  sse  Municipal  government 
City  improvement  see  Municipal  improvement 
City  life 

See  also  Bohcmianism  ;  City  and  country 

City  missions 

City     planning     see     Cities  —  Planning     and 

laying  out 
Civic  art  see  Municipal  art 
Civic  centers  see  Municipal  centers 
Civic  improvement  see  Alunicipal  improvement 


Refer  from  Apple;  Beverages 

Refer  from  Cigars;  Smoking;  Tobacco 

Refer  from  Smoking;  Tobacco 


Refer  from  Abbreviations;  Contractions  (s) ; 
Cryptography  (s) ;  Cyphers  (s) ;  Secret  writ- 
ing (s) ;  Sign  language;  Writing 

Refer  from  Curves;  Geometry 

Refer  from  Geometry;  Quadrature  of  the 
circle  (s) ;  Squaring  of  the  circle  (s) 


Refer  from  Jews  ;  Jews  —  Religion 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Clowns;  Hippo- 
drome (s) ;  Menageries 

Refer  from  Benedictines;  Monasticism; 
Trappists 

Refer  from  Boroughs;  Local  government; 
Municipal  corporations;  Municipal  gox'ern- 
ment;  Ivlunicipalities  (s) ;  Sociology;  Towns 


Refer  from  City  planning  (s) ;  Garden  cities; 
Housing  problem;  Municipal  art;  Alunicipal 
centers;  Municipal  improvement 


Refer  from  Aliens;  Allegiance;  Civics  (s) ; 
Civil  rights;  Conduct  of  life;  Elections;  Ex- 
patriation; Foreigners  (s) ;  Government;  In- 
ternational law;  Naturalization;  Patriotism; 
Political  ethics;  Public  spirit  (s) ;  Suffrage 

Refer  from  Cities;  City  life;  Country  life; 
Farm  life 


Refer  from  Cities;  City  and  country 

Refer  from    Charities;    Church    work;    Alis- 
sions,  Home;  Social  settlements 


79 


Civics  see  Citizenship;  Government;  Muni- 
cipal government;  also  names  of  countries, 
subhead  Government 

Civil  engineering 

See  also  Aqueducts;  Arches;  Blasting; 
Boring;  Breakwaters;  Bridges;  Building; 
Canals;  Cofferdams;  Curves  in  engineering; 
Docks;  Drainage;  Dredging;  Earthwork; 
Embankments;  Engineering;  Excavation; 
Foundations;  Harbors;  Hydraulic  engineer- 
ing; Irrigation;  Lighthouses;  Masonry; 
JMechanical  engineering;  Mensuration;  Min- 
ing engineering;  Piles  and  pile  driving; 
Public  works,  and  subhead  Public  works 
under  names  of  countries  and  cities;  Rail- 
road engineering;  Railroads — Construc- 
tion; Reclamation  of  land;  Rivers;  Roads; 
Sanitary  engineering;  Steel  construction; 
Streets;  Strength  of  materials;  Subways; 
Surve\-ing;  Tunnels;  Walls;  Water  supply 

Civil  government  see  Government 

Civil  law 

See  also  Law,  and  references  under  that 
subject 

Civil  liberty  see  Liberty 

Civil  rights 

See  also  Citizenship;  Constitutional  law 


Civil  service 

See  also  Bureaucracy;  Campaign  funds; 
Civil  service  examinations;  Civil  service 
pensions;  Ci\"il  service  reform;  Nomina- 
tions 

— u.  s.  ^ 

See  'also    Civil   service    reform  ;    L^  S. — • 
Registers 
Civil  service  examinations 

Civil  service  pensions 

See    also    Teachers  — -  Salaries,  .  pensions, 
etc. 
Civil  service  reform 

See  also  Alunicipal  government  —  Com- 
mission plan;  Political  corruption 

Civil  war  see  England  —  History  —  Civil  war 
and     commonwealth;      U.      S. —  History  — 
Civil  war 
Civilization 

See  also  Anglo-Saxons;  Anthropology; 
Archaeology;  Art;  Culture;  Degeneration; 
Education;  Ethics;  Ethnology;  Eugenics; 
History;  History — Philosophy;  Industry; 
Inventions;  Latin  races;  XIan;  Manners 
and  customs;  Migration  of  nations;  Prog- 
ress; Religions;  Renaissance;  Social  prob- 
lems; Society,  Primitive;  Sociology;  Teu- 
tonic race;  Tribes  and  tribal  system;  also 
names  of  countries,  subhead  Civilization 

Ancient 

See  also  Industries,  Primitive  ;  also  names 
of  countries  of  antiquity,  subhead  Civili- 
zation 

Aryan 

See  also  Aryans 


R--fer  from  Aqueducts;  Breakwaters;  Bridg- 
es; Building;  Canals;  Curves  in  engineering; 
Docks;  Dredging;  Earthwork;  Embankments; 
Engineering;  Engineering,  Ci\il  (s) ;  Founda- 
tions; Harbors;  irrigation;  Railroads  —  Con- 
struction; Roads;  Surveying;  Tunnels 


Refer  from  Law;  Roman  law  (s) 


Refer  from  Citizenship;  Constitutional  law; 
Government;  Law;  Police  power;  Rights, 
Civil  (s) 

Refer  from  Administration  (s) ;  Government; 
Government  officials  (s) ;  Office,  Tenure  of  (s) ; 
Politics;  Spoils  system  (s);  Tenure  of 
office  (s) 

Refer  from  U.  S. —  Civil  service  (s) ;  U.  S. — 
Government 

Refer  from  Civil  service;  Competitive  exami- 
nations (s) ;  Examinations 

Refer  from  Civil  service;  Old  age  pensions; 
Pensions 

Refer  from  Ci\'il  service;  Civil  service — . 
U.  S. ;  Political  corruption;  Reform;  U.  S. 
—  Politics 


Refer  from  Anthropology;  Archaeology; 
Culture;  Education;  Ethics;  EthnoK)gy;  Gov- 
ernment; History;  History  —  Piiilosonhy; 
Man;  Progress;  Social  conditions  (sj ;  Social 
science  (s) ;  Sociology 


Refer    from     History,     Ancient;     Industries, 
Prinuii\c 


Refer  from  Aryan  civilization  (s) ;  Aryans 


80 


Civilization  —  Continued 

Christian 

History 

Medieval 

See  also  Chivalry;  Feudalism 


Oriental 

Pagan 

Claims 

See  also  Alabama  claims;   French  spolia- 
tion claims;  also  names  of  countries,  cities 
and  wars,  subhead  Claims 
Clairvoyance 

■SV^'  also  Animal  magnetism  ;  Hypnotism  ; 
Mind     reading;    Psychical    research;     Psy- 
chometry  (character  reading,  etc.) ;  Thought 
transference 
Clans 

See  also  Highlands  of  Scotland;  Society, 
Primitive;  Tartans;  Tribes   and  tribal  sys- 
tem ;  also  names  of  clans 
Class  day 

Class  distinction 

See  also   Caste;   Equality;   Leisure  class; 
Peerage;  Precedence 
Classical  antiquities 

iS^^"   also    Archaeology;  Art,   Greek;    Art, 
Roman;    Classical    dictionaries;    Greece  — 
Antiquities;  Mythology,  Classical;  Rome  — 
Antiquities 
Classical  biography 

See   also    Greece  —  Biography;    Rome  — 
Biography 

Classical  dictionaries 


Classical  education 

See  also    Colleges    and    universities;    Cur- 
riculum; Humanism 


Classical  geography  see  Geography,  Ancient 
Classical  languages  see  Greek  language;  Latin 

language 
Classical  literature 

See    also    Classicism;     Greek    literature; 
Latin  literature 
Classical  mythology  see  Mythology,  Classical 
Classicism 

See  also  Hellenism;  Romanticism 

Classification 

See    also     Cataloging;     Library     science; 
also    subhead    Classification    under    various 
subjects,  e.g.  Botany — Classification 
Decimal 


-Expansive 


Clay 


See  also  Bricks;  Clay  industries;  Geology, 
Economic;  Modeling 


Refer  from  Christianity 

Refer  from  Culture,  Primitive  (s) ;  Primitive 
culture  (s) 

Refer  from  Chivalry;  Feudalism;  Medieval 
civilization  (s) ;  Middle  ages  —  Civilization  (s) 

Refer  from  Oriental  civilization  (s) 
Refer  from  Pagan  civilization  (s) 

Refer  from  Finance;  International  law 


Refer  from  Animal  magnetism;  Divination; 
Fortune  telling;  Mind  reading;  Psychical 
research;  Second  sight;  Spiritualism;  Thought 
transference 

Refer  from  Feudalism;  Highlands  of  Scot- 
land; Scotland;  Scottish  clans  (s) ;  Society, 
Primitive;  Tartans;  Tribes  and  tribal  system 

Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities;  Com- 
mencements; Student  life 

Refer  from  Equality;  Leisure  class;  Prece- 
dence; Social  classes  (s) ;  Society;  Sociology 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Art,  Ancient; 
Greece  —  Antiquities  ;  Rome  —  Antiquities 


Refer  from  Biography;  Greece —  Biography; 
Rome  —  Biography 

Refer  from  Classical  antiquities;  Diction- 
aries; History,  Ancient;  Mythology;  Myth- 
ology, Classical ;  Reference  books 

Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities;  Cur- 
riculum; Education;  Education,  Classical  (s) ; 
Education,  Higher  (s) ;  Higher  education  (s) ; 
Humanism;  Humanities  (s) ;  Language 


Refer  from  Greek  literature;  Latin  literature ; 
Literature 


Refer  from  Art;  Classical  literature;  Es- 
thetics; Hellenism;  Literature;  Romanticism 

Refer  from  Bibliography;  Books;  Catalog- 
ing; Library  science 

Refer  from  Decimal  classification  (s) ;  Dewey 
classification  (s) 

^<'/fr/row!  Cutter  classification  (s) ;  E.xpansivc 
classification  (s) 

Refer  fro tn  Bricks;  Geology,  Economic; 
Soils 


8i 


Clay  industries 

See    also    Bricks;    Chemistry,    Technical; 
Pottery;  Tiles 
Clay  modeling  see  Modeling 
Cleaning 

See   also    Bleaching;    Drying;    Dyes    and 
dyeing;    House    cleaning;    Laundry;    Soap; 
Street  cleaning;    Sweeping;    Vacuum   clean- 
ing s)'Stems 
Cleanliness 

See  also  Baths  and  bathing;  Disinfection 
and  disinfectants;  Sanitation 
Clearing  houses 

See  also  Banks  and   banking;   Exchange; 
Trust  companies 
Clearing  of  land 

See  also  Lumber  and  lumbering 

Clergy 

See  also  Benefit  of  clergy;  Bishops; 
Celibacy;  Monasticism;  Ordination;  Pas- 
toral work;  Preachers;  Preaching;  Priests ; 
also  names  of  churches,  subhead  Clergy 


Biography 

Cliff  dwellers  and  cliff  dwellings 

See   also  Archaeology;    Arizona 
uities;  Mexico  —  Antiquities 


Antiq- 


Climate 

See  also  Acclimatization;  Cold;  Health 
resorts;  Medical  geography;  Aleteorology ; 
Physica"!  geography;  Rain;  Seasons;  Tem- 
perature; Weather;  also  names  of  countries 
and  cities,  subhead  Climate 
Climatology  see  Climate 
Climbing  plants 

See  also  Botany  —  Physiology 

Clinical  medicine  see  Medicine  —  Practice 
Clippings 

See  also  Scrapbooks 


Clocks  and  watches 

See  also  Pendulum;  Timekeepers 

Cloisonne 

See  also  Enamel 
Cloisters  see  Convents  and  nunneries ;  Monas- 
teries 
Close  communion 

See  also  Baptists;  Lord's  supper 

Closed  shop  see  Open  and  closed  shop 
Cloth  see  Textile  industry  and  fabrics 
Clothing 

See  also  Buttons;  Consumers'  leagues; 
Costume;  Dress  reform;  Dressmaking;  Fur; 
Garment  cutting;  Hosiery;  Sumptuary 
laws;  Sweating  system;  Tailoring;  Textile 
industry  and  fabrics;  Toilet;  Underwear; 
Uniforms 


Refer  from   Bricks;   Chemistry,  Technical; 
Clay;  Industrial  arts;  Pottery;  Tiles 


Refer  from  Bleaching  ;  Chemistry,  Household  ; 
Dyes  and  dyeing;  Laundry;  Sanitary  chemis- 
try ;  Scouring  (s) 


Refer    from     Home     economics;     Hygiene; 

Sanitation 

Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Exchange 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Land;  Land  clear- 
ing (s) 

Refer  from  Church  polity;  Curates  (s) ; 
Deacons;  Ministers  of  the  gospel  (s) ;  Ordina- 
tion; Parsons  (s) ;  Pastoral  theology  _  (s) ; 
Pastoral  work  ;  Pastors  (s) ;  Preachers  ;  Priests  ; 
Professions;  Rectors  (s) ;  Theology;  Theology, 
Pastoral  (s) 

Refer  from  Biography;  Christian  biography 


Refer  from  Anthropology;  Archaeology;  Ar- 
chitecture, Ancient;  Arizona  —  Antiquities; 
Ethnology;  Indians;  Mexico — 'Antiquities; 
Pueblos 

Refer  from  Acclimatization;  Climatology  (s) ; 
Earth;  Ethnology;  Health  resorts;  Hygiene; 
Medical  climatology  (s) ;  Medical  geography; 
Meteorology;  Physical  geography;  Tempera- 
ture; Therapeutics;  Weather 


Refer  from   Botany;   Botany  —  Physiology; 
Plants;  Plants,  Climbing  (s) ;  Vines  (s) 


Refer  from  Newspaper  clippings  (s) ;  News- 
papers; Press  clippings  (s) ;  Quotations;  Scrap- 
books 

Refer  from  Horology  (s) ;  Manufactures; 
Timekeepers;  Watches  (s) 

Refer  from  Enamel;  Shippo  (s) 


Refer    from     Baptism;     Baptists;     Church 
membership;  Communion  (s) ;  Lord's  supper 


Refer  from  Costume;  Dress  (s) ;  Dry  goods; 
Fashion;  Hygiene;  Manufactures;  Textile 
industry  and  fabrics 


82 


Clouds 

See  also  Meteorology 
Clover 

Clowns 

See  also  Circus  ;  Fools 
Clubs 

See  also  Book  clubs;  Boys'  clubs;  Girls' 
clubs;  Mothers'  clubs;  Neigliborhood  gilds; 
Societies;  Study  clubs;  Women's  clubs; 
Working  women's  clubs;  Workingmen's 
clubs ;  also  names  of  cities,  subhead  Clubs 
Coaches  and  coaching 

See  also  Carriages;  Driving;  Omnibuses; 
Roads 

Coaching  see  Coaches  and  coaching 
Coal 

See  also  Briquets;  Coal  mines  and  mining; 

Coal     regions;     Coal-tar     colors;     Coal-tar 

products;     Coaling    stations;    Coke;    Gas; 

Geology,  Economic;  Lignite 
Coal  gas  see  Gas 
Coal  lands  see  Coal  regions 
Coal  mines  and  mining 

See    also    Anthracite    coal    strike,     1902; 

Coal     regions;     Mine     accidents;     Miners; 

Mining   engineering,    and    references    under 

that  subject 
Coal  oil  see  Petroleum 
Coal  regions 

See  also  Geology,  Economic 

Coal-tar  colors 

See  also  Chemistry,  Technical;  Dyes  and 
dyeing  • 

Coal-tar  products 

See   aho   Chemistry,    Technical;    Coal-tar 
colors;    Distillation;    Gas;    Oils    and    fats; 
Petroleum 
Coaling  stations 
Coast  artillery  see  Artillery 
Coast  changes 

See  also  Erosion;  Physical  geography 

Coast  defense 

See  also  Armor  plate;  Artillery;  Mines, 
Submarine  ;  also  names  of  countries,  subhead 
Defenses 

Coast  pilots  see  Pilot  guides 
Coasting 

See  also  Tobogganing;  \\inter  sports 

Coats  of  arms  see  Devices ;  Heraldry 
Cobalt 

See  also  Metals 
Cocaine 

See  also  Anesthetics;  Narcotic  habit 
Coccidae  see  Scale  insects 
Cocoa 

See  also  Beverages  ;  Chocolate 

Cocoons 

See  also  Silkworms 


Refer  from  Meteorology 

Refer  from  Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs;  For- 
age plants;  Grasses;  liay 

Refer  from  Circus;  Harlequins  (s) 

Refer  from  Corporations;  Societies 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Carriages;  Coach- 
ing (s) ;  Driving;  Horsemanship;  Locomotion; 
Riding  (s) ;  Stage-coaches  (s) ;  Vehicles 


Refer  from  Anthracite  coal  (s) ;  Bituminous 
coal  (s) ;  Carbon;  Chemistry,  Organic;  P'uel ; 
Geology;  Geology,  Economic;  Lignite;  Min- 
eralogy 


Refer  from  Coal ;  Mines  and  mineral  resources 


Refer  from  Coal;  Coal  lands  (s) ;  Coal  mines 
and  mining;  Geology,  Economic 

Refer  from  Aniline  colors  (s) ;  Chemistry, 
Technical;  Coal;  Coal-tar  products;  Color; 
Dyes  and  dyeing 

Refer  from  Chemistry,  Technical;  Coal; 
Commercial  products;  Distillation;  Gas;  Pe- 
troleum 

Refer  from  Coal;  Navies;  U.  S. —  Navy 


Refer  from  Erosion;  Ocean;  Physical  geog- 
raphy; Seashore 

Refer  from  Armor  plate;  Defenses,  Nation- 
al (s) ;  Fortification;  Harbor  defense  (s) ;  Mili- 
tary art  and  science;  Military  engineering; 
Sea  coast  defense  (s) ;  U.  S. —  Defenses 


Refer   from    Sports;    Tobogganing;    Winter 
sports 

Refer  from  Metals 

Refer  from  Anesthetics;  Narcotic  habit 


Refer  from   Agricultural    products;   Agricul- 
ture—  Tropics;  Beverages;  Chocolate 

Refer  from  Insects 


83 


Codes,  Telegraphic,  see  Telegraph  codes 
Codling  moth 

Coeducation 

See  also  Education  of  women 

Coelenterata 

See  also  Corals  and  coral   islands;  Inver- 
tebrates 
Coffee 

See  also  Beverages 


Coffee-houses  see  Coffeehouses 
Coffeehouses 

See  also  names  of  cities,  subhead  Hotels, 
taverns,  etc. 
Cofferdams 

See  also  Bridges  —  Foundations  and  piers ; 
Foundations;  Piles  and  pile  driving 

Cog-wheels  see  Gearing 
Cogwheels  see  Gearing 
Coherers 

See  also  Wireless  telegraphy- 
Coiffure  see  Hairdressing 
Coinage 

See  also  Bimetallism;  Gold  (as  money); 
Legal  tender;  Mints;  Money;  Silver  (as 
money) 

Coins  see  Coinage;  Numismatics 

Coke 

Cold 

See  also  Frost;  Heat;  Temperature 

Cold  (disease) 

See  also  Bronchitis;  Catarrh;  Cough; 
Influenza;  Respiratory  organs  —  Diseases 

Cold  storage 

See  also  Food  preservation  and  preser\a- 
tives;  Refrigeration  and  refrigerating  ma- 
chinery 

Coleoptera  see  Beetles 
Collaboration 

Collecting  see  Collectors  and  collecting 

Collective  bargaining  see  Labor  unions;  Trade 
agreements 

Collectivism  see  Communism;  Socialism 

Collectors  and  collecting 

See  also  names  of  objects  collected,  e.g. 
Antiques;  Autographs;  Book  collecting; 
Plants  —  Collection  and  preservation;  Post- 
age stamps 

Collects  see  Prayer  books;  Prayers 

College  athletics 

See  also  Athletics;  Baseball;  Basket- 
ball; Football;  Rowing;  School  athletics; 
Track  athletics 


College  degrees  see  Degrees,  Academic 


Refer    from     Fruit — -Diseases     and     pests; 

Moths 

Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities;  Edu- 
cation; Education  of  women;  Girls 

Refer  from  Corals  and  coral  islands;  ln\er- 
tebrates;  Marine  zoology;  Polyps  (s) 

Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Agricul- 
ture—  Tropics;  Beverages;  Cookery;  Stimu- 
lants 


Refer  from  Coffee-houses  (s) ;  Hotels;  Inns 


Refer  from  Bridges  —  Foundations  and  piers  ; 
Civil  engineering;  Dams;  Foundations;  Hy- 
draulic engineering;  Piles  and  pile  driving 


Refer  from  Electric  apparatus    and    applian- 
ces ;  Electric  waves ;  Wireless  telegraphy 


Refer  from  Bimetallism  ;Bullion  (s) ;  Coins(s) ; 
Fiat  money  (s) ;  Free  coinage  of  silver  (s) ; 
Gold  (as  money);  Mints;  Money;  Numismat- 
ics; Silver  (as  money) 

Refer  from  Carbon;  Coal;  Fuel 

Refer  from  Climate;  Freezing  (s)  ;  Frost; 
Heat;  Meteorology;  Temperature 

Refer  from  Catarrh;  Cough;  Influen/.a; 
Medicine — Practice;  Respiratory  organs — - 
Diseases 

Refer  from  Eggs;  Food  preservation  and 
preservatives;  Meat;  Preservation  of  food  (s) ; 
Refrigeration  and  refrigerating  machinery; 
Refrigerators  (s) 

Refer  from  Authorship;  Joint  authorship  (s)  ; 
Literary  collaboration  (s) 


Refer  from  Art;  Collecting  (s) 


Refer  from  Athletics;  Baseball;  Basket-ball; 
College  sports  (s) ;  P'ootball;  Games;  Inter- 
collegiate athletics  (s) ;  Physical  education  ; 
Rowing;  School  athletics;  Sports;  Sludcnl 
life;  Track  athletics 


College  education,  Value  of 

See  also  Culture 

College  entrance  requirements 

College  fraternities  see  Fraternities,  College 
College  gowns  see  Costume,  Academic 
College  libraries  see  Libraries,  College 
College  life  see  Student  life 
College  periodicals  see  Students'  periodicals 
College  plays 

College  poetry  see  College  verse 
College  sermons 

College  settlements  see  Social  settlements 
College  songs 

College  sports  see  College  athletics 
College  stories 

See  also  School  stories 

College  students  see  Student  life;  Students 

College  theatricals  see  College  plays 

College  verse 

College  yells  see  Yells 

Colleges  and  universities 

See  also  Agricultural  colleges;  Class  day; 
Classical  education;  Coeducation;  Com- 
mencements; Costume,  Academic;  Cur- 
riculum; Degrees,  Academic;  Education; 
Education  of  women;  Fraternities,  College; 
Hazing;  Medical  colleges;  Research;  Schol- 
arships; Self-government  (in  education); 
Student  life;  Student  volunteer  movement; 
Students;  Students'  periodicals;  Taxation, 
Exemption  from;  University  extension;  Vo- 
cational education;  also  headings  beginning 
College 

— u.  s. 

See  also   Education  —  U.   S. ;   National 
university  for  the  U.  S. 

Collisions  (railroad)  see  Railroads  — -  Accidents 
Collisions  at  sea 

See   also    Admiralty;    Rule    of    the    road; 
Salvage;      Shipwrecks;      Signals;      Wireless 
telegraphy 
Colloids 

See  also  Catalysis;  Chemistry,  Physical 

Collotype 

See     also      Heliotype ;      Photomechanical 

processes 
Colonial  architecture  see  Architecture,  Colonial 
Colonial  furniture  see  Furniture,  Colonial 
Colonial  history  (U.  S.)  see  U.  S. —  History  — 

Colonial  period 
Colonial  life  and  customs 

See  also  Architecture,  Colonial;  Fu'^niture, 

Colonial;    New    England  —  Social    life    and 

customs  ;  U.  S. —  History  — ■  Colonial  period  ; 

also  names  of  the  thirteen  original  states  and 

their  cities,  subhead  Social  life   and  customs 
Colonial  wars  see  U.   S. —  History — Colonial 

period 


Refer  from  Culture;  Education;  Education, 
Higher  (s) ;  Higher  education  (s) 

Refer  from  Entrance  examinations  (s) ; 
Examinations;  High  schools 


Refer    from    Amateur    theatricals ;     College 
theatricals  (s) ;  Drama 

Refer  from   Baccalaureate  sermons  (s) ;  Ser- 
mons 

Refer  from  Drinking  songs ;  Student  songs  (s) ; 
Songs 


Refer  from  Fiction;  School  stories;  Student 
life 


Refer  from  College  poetry  (s) ;  Poetry 


Refer  from  Classical  education;  Education; 
Education,  Higher  (s) ;  Higher  education  (s) ; 
Schools ;  Student  life  ;  Students  ;  Universities  (s) 


Refer  from  Education  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S. —  Col- 
leges and  universities  (s)  ;  U.  S. —  Universi- 
ties (s) 


Refer  from  Accidents;  Admiralty;  Dis- 
asters; NIaritime  law;  Navigation;  Ship- 
wrecks 

Refer  from  Catalysis;  Chemistry,  Physical; 
Solution  (chemistry) 

Refer  from  Heliotype;  Photography;  Pho- 
tomechanical processes 


Refer  from   Frontier  and  pioneer  life;   New 

England — Social   life   and  customs;    U.    S.— 

History  —  Colonial  period  U.  S. —  Social  life 
and  customs 


85 


Colonies  and  colonization 

See  also  Farm  colonies;  Frontier  and 
pioneer  life;  Immigration  and  emigration; 
Imperialism;  Military  government;  Penal 
colonies;  also  U.  S. — -Insular  possessions, 
and  names  of  other  countries,  subhead 
Colonies 

Colonization  see  Colonies  and  colonization 

Colonization   of   negroes   see   Africa  —  Coloni- 
zation; Negroes  —  Colonization 

Colophons 

See  also  Title-pages 

Color 

See  also  Chromolithography ;  Coal-tar 
colors;  Dyes  and  dyeing;  Indigo;  Light; 
Painting;  also  headings  beginning  Color 

Color  blindness 

See  also  Color  sense 

Color  of  animals 

See  also  Albinos  and  albinism;  Color  cf 
insects;  Mimicry  (biology) 


Color  of  flowers 

See  also   Botany — Physiology;    Color  cf 
plants;  Fertilization  of  plants 

Color  of  insects 
Color  of  man 

See  also  Albinos  and  albinism;  Hair 


Color  of  plants 

See  also    Botany — Physiology;    Color  of 
flowers 


Color  photography 


Color  printing 

See  also  Chromolithography;    Color    pho- 
tography; Color  prints 
Color  prints 

Color  sense 

See  also  Color  blindness 


Colored  people  see  Negroes 
Coloring  of  metals  see  Metal  coloring 
Colportage   see    Bible — Publication    and    dis- 
tribution; Tracts 
Columns 

.SVi?  also  Architecture;  Orders  of  architec- 
ture; Strength  of  materials 
Combat,  Trial  by,  see  Wager  of  battle 
Combination,  Industrial 

See   also    Employers'    associations;    Labor 
unions;  Restraint  of  trade;  Trusts 


Refer  from  Colonization  (s) ;  Dependen- 
cies (s) ;  Frontier  and  pioneer  life  ;  Government ; 
History;  Immigration  and  emigration;  Im- 
perialism ;  Sociology 


Refer  from  Books;  Cataloging;  Incunabula; 
Printing;  Title-pages 

Refer  from  Chemistry;  Chromatics  (s) ;  Dyes 
and  dyeing;  Esthetics;  Light;  Paint;  Painting; 
Painting,  Mechanical;  Photometrj- ;  Pig- 
ments (s) 

Refer  from  Blind;  Color  sense;  Dalton- 
ism (s) ;  Eye — Diseases  and  defects;  Light; 
Sight 

Refer  from  Animal  coloration  (s) ;  Animals; 
Animals  —  Coloration  (s) ;  Biology  ;_  Evolu- 
tion ;  Metachrosis  (s) ;  Mimicry  (biology); 
Pigmentation  (s) ;  Variation  (biology) ;  Zoology 

Refer  from  Botany;  Botany — Physiology; 
Color  of  plants;  Fertilization  of  plants;  Flow- 
ers; Variation  (biology) 

Refer  from  Color  of  animals;  Insects;  \'arla- 
tion  (biology) 

Refer  from  Albinos  and  albinism;  Anthro- 
pology; Complexion  (s) ;  Ethnology;  Evolu- 
tion; Face;  Man;  Negroes;  Physiology;  Pig- 
mentation (s) ;  Skin;  Yellow  races 

Refer  from  Biology;  Botany — Physiology; 
Color  of  flowers;  Evolution;  Plants;  Plants — ■ 
Color  (s) ;  Variation  (biology) 

Refer  from  Chromophotography  (s) ;  Color 
printing;  Heliochromy  (s) ;  Photography; 
Photography,  Color  (s) 

Refer  from  Chromolithography;  Engraving; 
Printing 

Refer  from  Chromolithography;  Color  print- 
ing; Engravings 

Refer  from  Color  blindness;  Psychology; 
Psychology,  Comparative;  Senses  and  sensa- 
tion; Sight;  Vision  (s) 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Orders  of  architec- 
ture ;  Pillars  (s) 


Refer  from  Cartels  (economics)  (s) ;  Competi- 
tion; Economics;  Employers'  associations; 
Industrial  combination  (s) ;  Kartels  (econom- 
ics) (s) ;  Labor  and  capital;  Labor  unions; 
Restraint  of  trade;  Trades  combination  (s) ; 
Trusts 


86 


Combustion 

See    also    Fire;    Fuel;    Heat;    Mechanical 
draft;  Smoke 
Comedians  see  Actors;  Comedy 
Comedy 

See  also  Burlesques;  Drama 

Comets 

See  also  Astronomy 
Comic  histories 

Comic  literature  see  Humor;  Satire 
Comic  operas  see  Operettas 
Commandments 

See  also  Bible  —  Old  Testament  —  Exo- 
dus ;  Mosaic  law 

Commencements 

See  also  Class  day 

Commentaries  see  Bible —  Commentaries,  and 
other  subjects  commented  on 

Commerce 

See  also  Accounting;  Advertising;  Auc- 
tions; Balance  of  trade;  Bankruptcy;  Banks 
and  banking;  Boardsoftrade;  Bookkeeping  ; 
Booksellers  and  bookselling;  Business;  Busi- 
ness depression;  Canals;  Capital;  Carriers; 
Communication;  Competition;  Consump- 
tion (economics);  Contraband  of  war;  Con- 
tracts; Cooperation;  Corporations;  Credit; 
Debt ;  Economics  ;  Embargo  laws  ;  Exchange ; 
Fairs;  Finance;  Food  supply;  Foreign  ex- 
change; Freight;  Fur  trade;  Gilds;  Govern- 
ment regulation  of  industry;  Grange;  Han- 
seatic  league;  Harbors;  Inland  navigation; 
Insurance;  Interest;  International  law; 
Interstate  commerce;  Labor  unions;  Loans; 
Manufactures;  Maritime  law;  Marketing  of 
farm  produce ;  Markets  ;  Merchants ;  Money ; 
Monopolies;  Navigation;  Neutrality;  Pack- 
ing for  shipment;  Panics;  Partnership; 
Pawnbroking;  Prices;  Profit  sharing;  Pros- 
perity; Railroads;  Reciprocity;  Restraint  of 
trade;  Salesmanship;  Shipping;  Smuggling; 
Speculation  ;  Stamp  duties ;  Statistics  ;  Steam 
navigation;  Stock  exchange;  Stocks;  Sub- 
sidies; Success';  Tariff;  Tariff  question; 
Telegraph  codes;  Trade-marks;  Trading 
companies;  Transportation;  Trust  compa- 
nies; Trusts;  Warehouses;  Waterways; 
Weights  and  measures;  also  headings 
beginning  Commercial,  names  of  articles  of 
commerce,  names  of  countries,  subheads 
Commerce  and  Industries  and  resources, 
and  names  of  cities,  subheads  Business  and 
Industries 

Commercial  arithmetic  see  Arithmetic,  Com-, 
mercial 

Comjnercial  correspondence 


French 

Commercial  courts 

Commercial    crises    see    Business    depression; 

Panics 
Commercial  education  see  Business  education 


Refer  from  Chemistry;  Fire;  Heat;  Mechani- 
cal draft;  Spontaneous  combustion  (s) 


Refer    from     Burlesques;     Comedians     (s) 
Drama  ;  Humor 

Refer  from  Astronomy 

Refer  from  History,  Comic  (s) ;  Humor 


Refer  from  Bible;  Bible  —  Old  Testament  — 
Exodus;  Decalogue  (s) ;  Ethics;  Mosaic  law; 
Ten  commandments  (s) 

Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities;  Gradua- 
tion (s) ;  High  schools 


Refer  from  Balance  of  trade;  Business; 
Capital;  Carriers;  Communication;  Consump- 
tion (economics);  Economics;  Exchange;  Ex- 
portation (s) ;  Exports  (s) ;  Finance;  Foreign 
trade  (s) ;  Imports  (s) ;  Industrial  arts;  Manu- 
factures ;  Merchandise  (s) ;  Merchants  ;  Money  ; 
Navigation;  Ocean;  Railroads;  Shipping; 
Tariff;  Trade  (s) ;  Transportation 


Refer  from  Business  correspondence  (s) ; 
Business  education  ;  Correspondence  (s) ;  Let- 
ter writing 

Refer  from  French  language 

Refer  from  Commercial  law;  Courts 


87 


Commercial  ethics  see  Business  ctiiics 
Commercial  geography 

See  also  Antliropogeography  ;  Commercial 
products;  Manufactures;  Natural  resources; 
Transportation 

Commercial  law 

See    also    Administrators    and    executors; 
Admiralty;    Agency;    Arbitration    and    con- 
ciliation,   Industrial;   Assignments;   Attach- 
ment;   Auditing;    Bailments;    Bankruptcy 
Brokers    and    factors;    Business;    Carriers 
Commercial  courts;   Competition;  Consuls 

.    Contracts;  Conveyancing;  Corporation  law- 
Debt;  Deeds;  Exchange;  Foreign  exchange 
Forms    (in    law);    Guaranties    and    sureties 
Insurance;  Joint-stock  companies;  Landlord 
and    tenant;    Liens;    Maritime    law;    Mort- 
gages;   Negotiable    instruments;    Notaries; 
Partnership;    Property;    Real   estate;    Sale; 
Trust    companies;    Trustees;    Trusts;    aho 
subhead   Law  under    various    subjects,    e.g. 
Banks  and  banking  —  Law 

Commercial  paper  see  Negotiable  instruments 

Commercial  products 

See    also    Agricultural    products;    Animal 
products;    Coal-tar    products;    Commercial 
geography;  Forest  products;  Manufactures; 
Natural  resources;  also  names  of  individual 
products,  e.g.  Asphalt,  Petroleum  ;  and  names 
of  countries,  subhead  Industries  and  resour- 
ces 
Commercial  ratings  see  Credit  guides 
Commercial  schools  see  Business  education 
Commercial  travelers 

See  also  Peddlers  and  peddling;  Salesman- 
ship 


Commercial  treaties 

See   also    Reciprocity;   Tariff;    also   names 
of  countries,  subhead  Treaties 

Commission    government    see    Municipal    gov- 
ernment —  Commission  plan 

Committees 

See  also  Legislati\e  bodies;  Parliamen'ary 

practice 
Common  carriers  see  Carriers 
Common  lands  see  Commons 
Common  law 

See  also   Law,    and    references    under   that 

subject 
Common  schools  see  Public  schools 
Common  sense 
Commonplace  books 
Commons 

See  also  Mark  (land);  Parks;  \'acant  lot 

cultivation;  Village  communities 
Commonwealth    of    England    see    England  — 

History  —  Civil  war  and  commonwealth 
Commune,     Paris,     see     France — History  — 

Third  republic,    1870-;    Paris  —  History  — 

Siege  and  commune 


Refer  jrom  Commercial  products;  Economic 
geography  (s) ;  Geography;  Geography,  Com- 
mercial (s) ;  Geography,  Economic  (s) ;  Natural 
resources 

Refer  from  Admiralty  ;  Agency  ;  Assignments  ; 
Bailments;  Bankruptcy;  Business;  Business 
education  ;  Business  law  (s) ;  Carriers  ;  Consuls  ; 
Contracts;  Corporation  law;  Debt;  Forms 
(in  law);  Guaranties  and  sureties;  Law;  Aler- 
cantile  law  (s) ;  Merchants;  Negotiable  in- 
struments; Partnership;  Sale 


Refer  from  Agricultura  products;  Animal 
products;  Commercial  gcograph)-;  Forest 
products;  Natural  resources;  Products,  Com- 
mercial (s) ;  Raw  materials  (,s) 


Refer  from  Agents  (s) ;  Business;  Drum- 
mers (s) ;  Alerchants  ;  Salesmanship  ;  Salesmen, 
Traveling  (s) ;  Traveling  salesmen  (s) ;  Travel- 
ers 

Refer  from  Fa\'ored  nation  clause  (s) ; 
Most  favored  nation  clause  (s) ;  Reciprocity; 
Tariff;  Treaties 


Refer  from  Legislative  bodies;  Parliamentary 
practice 


Refer  from  Law 


Refer  from  Judgment;  Ps_\-chology 
Refer  from  Literature 

Refer  from  Common  lands  (s)  ;  Land  tenure 
Parks 


88 


Communication 

See  also  Carriers ;  Commerce  ;  Newspapers  ; 
Postal  service;  Printing;  Railroads;  Tele- 
graph; Telegraph  codes;  Telephone;  Trans- 
portation; Waterways;  Wireless  telegraphy 

Communion     see    Close     communion;     Lord's 
supper 

Communism 

6V,?  also  Anarchism  and  anarchists;  Har- 
monists; Individualism;  Land  nationaliza- 
tion; Shakers;  Socialism;  Tribes  and  tribal 
system;  Village  communities;  also  names 
of  communities,  e.g.  Brook  Farm 

Communities    see   Communism;    Village    com- 
munities; also  names  of  communities 
Commutators 

See  also  Dynamos;  Electric  motors 

Comparative  anatomy  see  Anatomy,  Compara- 
tive 

Comparative  morphology  see  Anatomy,  Com- 
parative;  Morphology 

Comparative  mythology  see  Mythology 

Comparative  philology  see  Language — Com- 
parative philology 

Comparative  physiology  see  Physiology,  Com- 
parative 

Comparative  psychology,  see  Psychology,  Com- 
parative 

Comparative  religion  see  Religions 

Compass 

See  also  Magnetism,  Terrestrial 


Compassion  see  Sympathy 

Compensation  see  Bounties;  Damages;  Em- 
ployers' liability;  Indemnity;  Pensions; 
Rewards  (prizes,  etc.);  Salaries;  Wages 

Competition 

See  also  Combination,  Industrial;  De- 
partment stores;  Monopolies;  Supply  and 
demand ;  Trusts 

Competitive  examinations  see  Civil  service 
examinations;  Examinations 

Complexion  see  Beauty,  Personal ;  Color  of 
man ;  Cosmetics 

Composers  see  Musicians 

Composing  machines  see  Typesetting  machines 

Composite  photography  see  Photography, 
Composite 

Composition  (art) 

See  also  Art;  Painting;  Proportion  (art) 

Composition  (English) 

See  also  Letter  writing;  Rhetoric 


Composition  (music) 

See  also  Canon  (music) ;  Counterpoint ; 
Fugue;  Harmony;  Instrumentation  and 
orchestration;  Melody;  Music;  Musical 
accompaniment 

Composition  (printing)  see  Typesetting 


Refer  from  Carriers;  Commerce;  Economics; 
Transportation 


Refer  from  Collectivism  (s) ;  Communities(s) ; 
Cooperation;  Economics;  Government; 
Individualism;  Labor  and  laboring  classes; 
Land  nationalization  ;  Profit  sharing ;  Property ; 
Socialism;  Socialistic  communities  (s) ;  So- 
ciology; Village  communities 


Refer  from   Armatures;   Dynamos;    Electric 
machinery;  Electric  motors;  Electromagnets 


Refer  from  Declination  of  the  compass  (s) ; 
Magnetic  needle  (s) ;  Magnetism  ;  Magnetism, 
Terrestrial;  Mariner's  compass  (s) ;  Naviga- 
tion; Surveying  instruments;  Variation  of  the 
compass  (s) 


Refer  from  Business;  Business  ethics;  Com- 
merce; Commercial  law;  Economics;  Monopo- 
lies; Supply  and  demand;  Trusts 


Refer  from  Art;  Painting;  Proportion  (art) 

Refer  from  Composition  (rhetoric)  (s) ; 
English  composition  (s) ;  English  language; 
English  language  —  Composition  (s) ;  Rhetoric 


Refer  from  Music;  Music 
composition  (s) 


Theory;  Musical 


89 


Composition  (rhetoric)  see  Composition  (Eng- 
lish) ;  Letter  writing;  Rhetoric;  also  names 
of  languages  other  than  English,  e.g.  Ger- 
man language  —  Composition 

Compressed  air 

Hee  also  Air  compressors;  Caisson  disease; 
Pneumatic  tubes;  Vacuum  cleaning  systems 


Compressed  air  disease  see  Caisson  disease 
Compressibility 

i^ee  also  Elasticity  ;  Matter 
Compromise 
Compulsory  education 

See  also  Child  labor;  Illiteracy;  School 
attendance;  School  laws;  Truancy 

Compulsory    insurance    see     Insurance,     State 

and  compulsory 
Concentration  see  Attention 
Concentration  camps 

See  also  South  African  war,   1899-1902 

Concentration    of    schools    see    Schools  —  Cen- 
tralization 
Concert  halls  see  Music  halls 
Concerts 

Conchology  see  Mollusks 

Conciliation,    Industrial,    see    Arbitration    and 

conciliation,   Industrial 
Concordances  see   Bible  —  Concordances,   and 
names  of  authors  to  whose  works  concord- 
ances have  been  made 
Concrete 

See  also  Asphalt;  Building  materials; 
Cement;  Concrete,  Reinforced;  Concrete 
construction;  Concrete  pottery;  Masonry; 
Pavements;  Stone,  Artificial 

Reinforced 

See  also   Building   materials;    Concrete; 
Concrete  construction 


Concrete  construction 

See  also   Concrete,    Reinforced;    I'ireproof 
construction 

Concrete  pottery 

Concrete  steel  see  Concrete,  Reinforced 
Concretions 

See  also  Geology 
Condemnation  of  land  see  Eminent  domain 
Condemned  books  see  Prohibited  books 
Condensation 

See  also  Atmospheric  nuclcation 

Condensers  (electricity) 

See  also  Electrostatics 


Condensers  (steam) 

See  also  Sleani  engines 
Condiments 

See  also  Salt;  Spices 


Refer  from  Air ;  Air  compressors  ;  Air  engines  ; 
Caissons;  Foundations;  Motors;  Pneumatic 
transmission  (s) ;  Pneumatic  tubes;  Power; 
Power  transmission 


Refer  from  Hydrostatics;  Matter;  Physics 
Refer  from  Ethics;  Political  ethics 

Refer  from  Child  labor;  Education;  Educa- 
tion, Compulsory  (s) ;  School  attendance; 
School  laws 


Refer  from   Camps   (military) ;   Military   art 
and  science;  Prisoners  of  war 


Refer  fro  1 
Music 


Amusements;    EntertainniLnts : 


Refer  from  Beton  (s) ;  Building  materials ; 
Cement;  Concrete,  Reinforced;  Foundations; 
Masonry;  Pavements;  Stone,  Artificial 


Refer  from  Armored  concrete  (s) ;  Building 
materials;  Concrete;  Concrete  construction; 
Concrete  steel  (s) ;  Ferro-concrete  (s) ;  Rein- 
forced concrete  (s) ;  Steel  construction 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Building;  Con- 
crete; Concrete,  Reinforced;  Fireproof  con- 
struction; Steel  construction 

Refer  from  Concrete;  Garden  ornaments 
and  furniture;  Pottery 


Refer  from  Geology 


Refer  from  Atmospheric  nucleation  ;  Chemis- 
try ;  Physics 

Refer  from  Electric  apparatus  and  appliances  ; 
P'lectric  condensers  (s) ;  Electrostatics;  Induc- 
tion coils 

Refer  from  Steam;  Steam  engines 

Refer  from  Food;  Salt;  Spices 


90 


Conduct  of  life 

See  also  Altruism;  Ambition;  Asceticism; 
Avarice;  Boys;  Business  ethics;  Character; 
Charity;  Cheerfulness;  Children;  Christian 
life  and  character;  Citizenship;  Conversa- 
tion; Courage;  Courtesy;  Culture;  Duty; 
Eccentricity;  Egoism;  Ethics;  Etiquet;  Ex- 
travagance; Friendship;  Gentlemen;  Girls; 
Habit ;  Honesty  ;  Idleness  ;  Justice;  Kindness; 
Leisure;  Life;  Loyalty;  Obedience;  Oppor- 
tunity; Patience;  Patriotism;  Popularity; 
Procrastination;  Prudence;  Self-control; 
Self-culture;  Self-denial;  Self-reliance;  Self- 
respect;  Selfishness;  Simple  life;  Solitude; 
Spiritual  life;  Standard  of  living;  Success; 
Temperance  ;  Thrift ;  Virtue  ;  Work  ;  Worry  ; 
Young  men;  Young  women;  Youth 

Conducting  (music) 

See  also  Bands  (music);  Choirs;  Oiches- 
tras 

Conductivity,    Electric,    see    Electric    conduc- 
tivity 

Conductors,  Electric,  see  Electric  conductors 

Conduits  see  Aqueducts 

Confectionery 

See  also  Chocolate;  Ices 

Confederacies  see  Federal  government 
Confession 

See  also  Absolution;  Penance;  Sin 


Confessions  of  faith  see  Creeds 
Confirmation 

See     also     Church     membership;     Lord's 
supper 


Conf  scation 

Conflagrations  see  Fires 

Confucianism 

See  also  Ancestor  worship;  Buddhism; 
China  —  Religion  ;  Taoism 

Congregationalism 

See  also  Antinomianism  ;  Baptists  ;  Brown- 
ists ;  Calvinism;  Church  polity;  Dissenters; 
Friends,  Society  of;  New  England  —  Reli- 
gious history;  Orthodoxy;  Presbyterlanism  ; 
Puritans;  Unltarianism ;  Unlversalism 

Congress,  U.  S.,  see  U.  S.  —  Congress 

Congresses  see  names  of  bodies  holding  con- 
gresses; or,  when  not  held  by  any  named 
body,  see  name  of  congress,  if  distinctive, 
otherwise  name  of  place  of  meeting 

Conic  sections 

See  also  Curves;  Ellipse;  Geometry, 
Analytic;  Mathematics 

Conjuring 

See  also  Conjurors  ;  Magic  ;  Medicine  men  ; 
Voodooism;  Witchcraft 


Conjurors 

Connecticut  Reserve  see  Western  Reserve 


_  liefer  from  Behavior  (s) ;  Character;  Chris- 
tian life  and  character;  Duty;  Ethics;  Ethics, 
Practical  (s) ;  Life;  Practical  ethics  (s) ;  Self- 
lielp  (s);  Success;  Young  men;  Young  women 


Refer  from  Bands  (music);  Choirs;  Orches- 
tras 


Refer   from    Candy    (s) ;    Cookery;    Manu- 
factures; Sugar 


Refer  from  Absolution;  Auricular  confes- 
sion (s) ;  Catholic  church;  Church  discipline; 
Church  polity;  Penance;  Repentance;  Sin; 
Theology 


Refer  from  Church  membership;  Church  of 
England;  Church  polity;  Protestant  Episcopal 
church  in  the  U.  S. ;  Rites  and  ceremonies; 
Sacraments;  Theology 

Refer  from  International  law;  Law;  Property 


Refer  from  Ancestor  worship;  China — Re- 
ligion ;  Religions 

Refer  from  Baptists;  Brownlsts  ;  Calvinism; 
Church  polity;  Dissenters;  Independents 
(church  polity)  (s) ;  New  England  —  Religious 
history;  Orthodoxy;  Puritans;  Sects 


Refer  from  Curves;  Ellipse;  Geometry; 
Geometry,  Analytic;  Mathematics 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Illusions  and 
hallucinations;  Juggling  (s) ;  Legerdemain  (s) ; 
Magic;  Necromancy  (s) ;  Prestidigitation  (s) ; 
Sleight  of  hand  (s) 

Refer  from  Biography;  Conjuring 


91 


Consanguinity 

Si'f  also  Deaf  and  dumb;  Degeneration; 
Epilepsy;  Family;  Idiocy;  Insanity; 
Marriage 

Conscience 

See  also  Christian  ethics;  Liberty  of  con- 
science 

Consciousness 

St'e   also    Automatism;    Knowledge;    Per- 
ception; Personality;  Psychology;  Reaction 
time;   Senses   and   sensation;   Subconscious- 
ness 
Conscription 

See  also  Draft  riot,  1863  ;  Military  service; 
Recruiting  and  enlistment 

Consecration  of  churches  see  Church  dedication 
Conservation  of  energy  see  Force  and  energy 
Conservation  of  resources 

See  also  Forests  and  forestry;  Mines  and 

mineral       resources;       Natural       resources; 

Reclamation  of  land;  Water  power 
Conservatories  see  Greenhouses 
Consolation 

Consolidation    of    schools    see    Schools  —  Cen- 
tralization 
Conspiracies 

See  also  Assassination;  Gunpowder  plot; 
Popish  plot 
Constables 

See  also  Arrest;  Police 

Constants  see  Units 

Constellations  see  Astronomy;  Stars 

Constitutional  history 

See  also  Aristocracy;  Cabinet  system; 
Constitutions;  Democracy;  also  names  of 
countries  and  states,  subhead  Constitution 

Constitutional  law 

See  also  Amendments  (parliamentary 
practice);  Civil  rights;  Constitutions; 
Democracy;  Eminent  domain;  Executive 
power;  Federal  government;  Government; 
Habeas  corpus;  Injunctions;  Jurisdiction; 
Jury;  Legislative.  bodies;  Monarchy; 
Natural  law;  Police  power;  Proportional 
representation;  Referendum;  Representa- 
tive government  and  representation;  Re- 
publics; Sovereignty;  Suffrage 

Constitutions 

See  also  Constitutional  history;  Constitu- 
tional law;  Government;  Representative 
government  and  representation;  also  names 
of  countries  and  states,  subhead  Constitution 

Apostolic,  see  Apostolic  constitutions 

State 

S^^  a/jo  State  governments  ;  also  names 
of  states,  subhead  Constitution 

Construction      see      Architecture;       P>uilding; 

Engineering 
Consular  ser\ice  see  Consuls;   Diplomatic  and 

consular  service 


Refer  from  Ethnology;  Eugenics;  Heredity; 
Kinship  (s) ;  Marriage;  Relationship  (s) ; 
Tribes  and  tribal  system 


Refer  from  Cases  of  conscience  (s) ;  Casuis- 
try (s) ;  Christian  ethics;  Duty;  Ethics;  Reli- 
gion ;  Theology 

Refer  from  Automatism;  Metaphysics;  Per- 
sonality; Psychology 


Refer  from  Drafting,  Military  (s) ;  Military 
art  and  science;  Military  service;  Recruiting 
and  enlistment 


Refer  from    Forests    and    forestry;    Natural 
resources;  Resources  (s) 


Refer  from    Affliction;    Death;    Devotional 
exercises;  Religion;  Suffering 


Refer  from   Crime   and   criminals;    Criminal 
law;  History 

Refer    from     Arrest;     Law;     Police;     I'own 
officers 


Refer     from      Constitutions;      Government; 
History;  History,  Constitutional  (s) 


Refer  from  Ci\il  rights;  Constitutions; 
Eminent  domain;  Executive  power;  Govern- 
ment; Habeas  corpus;  Jurisdiction;  jur}.-; 
Law ;  Police  power ;  Representative  government 
and  representation;  Sovereignt\' ;  L'.  S. — 
Constitution 


Refer  from    Constitutional    history;    ConstI 
tutional  law;  (kn-ernmcnt  ;  Law 


Refer  from  State  constitutions  (s) ;  State 
governments;  States  (U.  S.) ;  U.  S. — Consti- 
tution 


92 


Consuls 

See     also     Commercial     law;    Diplomacy; 
Dipiomalic    and    consular   ser\'ice;    Exterri- 
toriality;   also  names  of  countries,  subhead 
Diplomatic  and  consular  service 
Consumers"  leagues 

See  also  Sweating  system 


Consumption  see  Tuberculosis 
Consumption  (economics) 

See  also  Commerce  ;  Economics  ;  Industry  ; 
Prices ;  Supply  and  demand 
Contact  action  see  Catalysis 

Contagion  and  contagious  diseases 

See  also  Bacteriology;  Disinfection  and 
disinfectants;  Epidemics;  Flies;  Fumiga- 
tion; Germ  theory  of  disease;  Immunity; 
Inoculation;  Insects  as  carriers  of  conta- 
gion ;  Mosquitoes  ;  Putrefaction  ;  Quarantine  ; 
Rats  as  carriers  of  contagion;  Vaccination; 
also  names  of  diseases,  e.g.  Black  death; 
Cholera,  Asiatic;  Diphtheria;  Measles; 
Plague;  Scarlet  fever;  Smallpox;  Typhoid 
fever;  Yellow  fever 

Contagious   diseases    see    Contagion    and    con- 
tagious diseases 

Contemporaries  see  Biography 

Contentment 

See  also  Cheerfulness ;  Happiness 

Continents 

See  also  Physical  geography 
Continuation    schools    see    Evening    and    con- 
tinuation schools 
Continuous     current     machinery     see     Electric 

machinery 
Contraband  of  war 

See  also  Neutrality;  Trent  affair,  l86l 


Contract  labor 

See  also  Coolies;  Indentured  servants; 
Padrone  system  ;  Peonage 

Contractions  see  Abbreviations;  Ciphers 

Contracts 

See  also  Agency ;-  Assignments  ;  Bailments  ; 
Bonds;  Building — Contracts  and  specifi- 
cations; Commercial  law;  Covenants;  Debt; 
Deeds;  Guaranties  and  sureties;  Insurance; 
Master  and  servant;  Mortgages;  Negli- 
gence; Partnership;  Sale;  Trade  agreements 

Contributory  negligence  see  Negligence 

Controllers,  Electric,  see  Electric  controllers 

Conundrums  see  Riddles 

Convalescent  homes 

Conventions  see  names  of  bodies  holding  con- 
ventions; or,  when  not  held  by  any  named 
body,  see  name  of  convention  if  distinctive, 
otherwise  name  of  place  of  meeting;  also 
names  of  countries  and  cities,  subhead  Con- 
ventions and  public  meetings 

Conventions,  Political,  see  Political  conven- 
tions 


Refer  from  Commercial  law;  Consular  ser- 
vice (s);  Diplomacy;  Diplomatic  and  consular 
service;  Diplomats;  Exterritoriality;  Inter- 
national law;  International  relations 

Refer  from  Boycott;  Clothing;  Food  adul- 
teration and  inspection;  Hygiene,  Public; 
Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Sweating  system 


Refer  from  Commerce;  Economics;  Luxury; 
Supply  and  demand 


Refer  from  Contagious  diseases  (s) ;  Diseas- 
es (s) ;  Epidemics  ;  Hygiene,  Public  ;  Immunity  ; 
Infection  and  infectious  diseases  (s) ;  Medicine ; 
Medicine — Practice;  Pathology;  Putrefac- 
tion ;  Zymotic  diseases  (s) 


Refer  from  Ethics;  Gladness  (s)  ;  Happiness; 
Pleasure 

Refer  from  Geography;  Physical  geography 


Refer  from  Commerce;  International  law; 
Maritime  law;  Neutrality;  Prizes  (internation- 
al law) ;  War 

Refer  from  Indentured  servants;  Labor  and 
laboring  classes;  Padrone  system;  Peonage 


Refer  from  Agency;  Agreements   (s) ;   Com- 
merce; Commercial  law;  Law 


Refer  from  Hospitals;  Sanatoriums 


93 


Convents  and  nunneries 

See  also    Abbeys  ;    Monasteries  ;    Alonasli- 
cism;  Nuns;  Religious  orders 


Conversation 

See  also  Table-talk 


Conversion 

See    also    Christian    life    and    character; 
Evangelistic  work;  Grace   (theolog}') ;   Mis- 
sions ;  Regeneration  (theology) ;  Repentance ; 
Revivals;  Salvation 
Converters,     Electric,     see     Electric     current 

converters 
Conveyancing 

See   also    Deeds;    Forms    (in    law);    Land 
titles;     Mortgages;     Real     estate;     Torrens 
system 
Conveying  machinery 

See  also  Cableways;  Hoisting  machinery; 
Mining      machinery;       Pneumatic      tubes; 
Telpherage 
Conveyors  see  Conveying  machinery 
Convict  labor 

See  also  Prisons 


Conviction  see  Belief;  Certainty 

Convicts  see  Convict  labor;  Crime  and  crim- 
inals; Discharged  prisoners;  Penal  colonies; 
Prisons 

Cook  books  see  Cookery 

Cookbooks  see  Cookery 

Cookery   . 

See  also  Aladdin  oven;  Baking;  Baking 
powder;  Bread;  Breakfasts;  Cake;  Canning 
and  preserving;  Car\'ing  (meat,  etc.) ;  Cater- 
ing; Cereals,  Prepared;  Chafing  dish; 
Coffee ;  Confectionery  ;  Cookery  for  the  sick ; 
Cooking  schools;  Desserts;  Diet;  Dinners 
and  dining;  Fireless  cookers;  Fish  as  food; 
Flavoring  extracts ;  Food  ;  Home  economics ; 
Kitchen;  Luncheons;  Menus;  Ovens;  Pas- 
try; Salads;  Sandwiches;  Sauces;  Soup; 
Table ;  Yeast 

Eggs 

Meat 

Mushrooms 

Vegetables 

Cookery  for  the  sick 
See  also  Diet 

Cooking  see  Cookery 
Cooking  schools 
Coolies 

See  also  Labor  and  laboring  classes  — 
China;  Labor  and  laboring  classes —  India 

Cooling  appliances  see  Refrigeration  and  re- 
frigerating machinery 

Cooperage 

Cooperation 

See  also  Benefit  societies;  Brook  Farm; 
Building  and  loan  associations  ;  Communism  ; 


Refer  from  Abbeys;  Catholic  church;  Church 
history;  Church  property;  Cloisters  (s) ; 
Monasteries;  Monasticism;  Nunneries  (s) ; 
Nuns;  Sisterhoods 

Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Etiquet;  Lan- 
guage; Rhetoric;  Self-culture;  Society; 
Speech;  Talking  (s) 

Refer  from  Christian  life  and  character; 
Evangelistic  work;  Missions;  Regeneration 
(theology) ;  Religious  experience  (s) ;  Repent- 
ance; Revivals;  Salvation;  Theology 


Refer  from  Commercial  law;  Deeds;  Forms 
(in  law);  Land  titles;  Land  transfer  (s) ;  Law; 
Property;  Real  estate;  Sale;  Torrens  system 

Refer  from  Cableways  ;  Conveyors  (s) ;  Hoist- 
ing machinery  ;  Machinery ;  Mining  machinery ; 
Telpherage 


Refer  from  Convicts  (s) ;  Crime  and  crim- 
inals; Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Prison  la- 
bor (s) ;  Prisons 


Refer  from  Baking;  Bread;  Breakfasts; 
Canning  and  preserving;  Carving  (meat,  etc.); 
Chemistry,  Household;  Cook  books  (s) ;  Cook- 
books (s) ;  Cooking  (s) ;  Desserts;  Diet; 
Dinners  and  dining;  Domestic  arts;  Eating; 
Food;  Gastronomy  (s) ;  Home  economics; 
Industrial  arts;  Kitchen;  Luncheons;  Pastry; 
Receipts;  Recipes  (s) ;  Salads;  Sauces;  Soup; 
Table 


Refer  from  Eggs 
Refer  from  Meat 
Refer  from  Mushrooms 
Refer  from  Vegetables 

Refer  from   Cookery;    Diet;    Food    for   inva- 
lids (s) ;  Invalid  cookery  (s) ;  Nurses  and  nursing 

Refer  from  Cookery 

Refer  frovi  Contract  labor;  Labor  and  labor- 
ing classes 


Refer  from    Barrels    (s) ;    Casks    (s) ;    Manu- 
factures ;  Staves  (s) 

Refer    from     Association     (s) ;     Commerce; 
Cooperative  stores  (s) ;  Economics;  Labor  and 


94 


Cooperative  agriculture;  Cooperative  house- 
keeping; Labor  unions;  Profit  sharing;  Sav- 
ings banks;  Socialism 

Cooperative  agriculture 

Cooperati\'e     banks     see     Building     and     loan 

associations 
Cooperative  building  associations  see  Building 

and  loan  associations 
Cooperative  housekeeping 

Cooperative  stores  see  Cooperation 
Coordinate  geometry  see  Geometry,  Analytic 
Copper 

See  also  Brass;  Bronze;  Copper  mines  and 
mining;  Coppersmithing ;  Metals 
Copper  age 

See  also  Archaeology;  Bronze  age 
Copper  mines  and  mining 

Coppersmithing 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts;  Metal  coloring 

Coptic  church 

See  also   Eastern  churches;   Egypt — Re- 
ligion 
Coptic  language 

See     also     African     languages;     Hamitic 
languages 
Copyright 

See  also  Authorship ;  Books ;  Booksellers 
and  bookselling;  Publishers  and  publishing; 
Titles  of  books 


Corals  and  coral  islands 

See  also  Cuelenterata 
Cordage 

See  also  Fibers  ;  Knots  and  splices  ;  Rope 
Corn 

See  also  Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs;  Grain 


Com  laws 


Corners,  Commercial,  see  Monopolies;  Specu- 
lation; Stock  exchange;  Trusts 
Cornices 

See  also  Architecture 
Cornish  language 

See  also  Celtic  languages 
Coronations 

See  also  Crowns 

Coroners 

Corporal  punishment 

See  also  Flogging;  School  management 


Corporation  law 

See  also  Commercial  law;  Municij^al  law; 
Railroads  —  Law;  Trusts 


capital;  Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Labor 
unions;  Profit  sharing;  Rochdale  system  (s) ; 
Socialism;  Sociology 

Refer  from  Agriculture;  Cooperation 


Refer  from   Cooperation;   Home  economics; 
Housekeeping  (s) 


Refer  from  Metals;  Sheet-metal  work 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Bronze  age 
Refer  from   Copper;  Mines  and   mineral   re- 
sources 

Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Copper;  Metal 
coloring;  Metal  work 

Refer  from  Eastern  churches;  Egj'pt  — 
Religion;  Greek  church 

Refer  from  African  languages;  Egyptian 
language;  Hamitic  languages 

Refer  from  Authors;  Authorship;  Books; 
Booksellers  and  bookselling;  Intellectual 
property  (s) ;  International  copyright  (s) ;  Law; 
Literary  property  (s) ;  Literature;  Play- 
right  (s) ;  Property  ;  Property,  Intellectual  (s) ; 
Publishers  and  publishing 

Refer  from  Coelenterata  ;  Islands 

Refer  from  Hemp;  Rope 

Refer  from  Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs; 
Forage  plants  ;  Grain  ;  Indian  corn  (s) ;  Maize(s) 

Refer  from  Agricultural  laws;  Agriculture; 
Economics;  England  —  Economic  conditions; 
Food  supply;  Tariff;  Tariff  —  England 


Refer  from  Architecture 
Refer  from  Celtic  languages 

Refer  from  Crowns;  Monarchy;  Pageants; 
Rites  and  ceremonies 

Refer  from  County  officers  ;  Death  ;  Inquests, 
Coroners'  (s) ;  Law;  Local  government 

Refer  from  Children  —  Management;  Flog- 
ging; Punishment;  Rod,  The  (s) ;  School 
management;  Teaching;  Whipping  (s) 

Refer  frorti  Commercial  law;  Corporations; 
Government  regulation  of  industry;  Law; 
Municipal  law;  Trusts 


95 


Corporations 

See  also  Bankruptcy;  Bonds;  Building  and 
loan  associations;  Clubs;  Corporation  law; 
Gilds;  Government  ownership;  Invest- 
ments; Joint-stock  companies;  Alunicipal 
corporations;  Promoting;  Public  service 
corporations;  Publicity;  Receivers;  Stocks; 
Trust  companies ;  Trusts 

Taxation 

Corpulence 

Correlation  of  forces  see  Force  and  energy 

Correspondence  see  Commercial  correspond- 
ence; Letter  writing;  Letters;  Reporting; 
War  correspondence 

Correspondence  schools  and  courses 


Corrosion  and  anti-corrosives 

See  also  Paint;  Waterproofing 


Corrupt   practices    at   elections   see   Elections; 

Political  corruption 
Corruption  in  politics  see  Political  corruption 
Corsairs  see  Pirates 
Corundum 

See  also  Abrasives 
Cosmetics 

See     also     Beauty,     Personal;     Make-up, 
Theatrical;  Perfumery;  Toilet 

Cosmogony  see  Universe 
Cosmography  see  Universe 
Cosmology'jc^  Universe 
Cossacks 

See  also  Russia  —  History 


Cost 

See  also  Prices ;  Value 
Cost  accounting 

See  also  Accounting 


Cost  of  living 

See  also  Prices;  Rent;  Standard  of  living 
Thrift;  Wages 


Costs 

See  also  Pleading  and  practice 

Costume 

See  also  Boots  and  shoes;  Church  vest- 
ments; Clothing;  Cosmetics;  Dandies; 
Dress  reform;  Dressmaking;  Fans;  Fashion; 
Gloves;  Hairdressing ;  Hats;  Headgear; 
Hosiery;  Jewelry;  Livery;  Masks  (for 
the  face);  Millinery;  Perfumery;  Regalia; 
Shawls;  Toilet;  Umbrellas;  Uniforms 
— — Academic 


Refer  from  Associations  (s) ;  Bonds;  Busi- 
ness; Capitalization  (finance)  (s) ;  Charters; 
Commerce;  Finance;  Government  regulation 
of  industry;  Joint-stock  companies;  Partner- 
ship; Promoting;  Societies;  Stock  compa- 
nies (s) ;  Stocks;  Trusts 

Refer  from  Franchise  taxation  (s) ;  Taxation 
Refer  from  Fat  (s) ;  Food;  Obesity  (s) 


Refer  from  Education;  Home  education; 
Schools;  Self-culture;  Technical  education; 
University  extension 

Refer  fro tn  Anti-corrosive  paint  (s)  ;  Chemis- 
try, Technical;  Electrolysis;  Iron;  Metal 
corrosion  (s) ;  Metal  protection  (s) ;  Metals; 
Paint;  Rust  (s) ;  Rustless  coatings  (s) ;  Steel; 
Steel  construction;  Waterproofing 


Refer  from  Abrasives 

Refer  from  Beauty,  Personal ;  Complexion  (s) ; 
Costume;  Face;  Alake-up,  Theatrical ;  Toilet 


Refer  fro  7 
History 


Ethnology  —  Russia  ;    Russia  — 


Refer  from  Economics;  \'alue 

Refer  from  Accounting;  Bookkeeping;  Fac- 
tory costs  (s) ;  Factory  management ;  Manu- 
factures ;  Scientific  management 

Refer  from  Economics  ;  Food  ;  Home  econom- 
ics; Household  expenses  (s) ;  Labor  and 
laboring  classes;  Living,  Cost  of  (s) ;  Living 
expenses  (s) ;  Poor;  Price  of  food  (s) ;  Prices; 
Social  problems;  Standard  of  living;  Thrift; 
Wages 

Refer  from  Actions  at  law;  Law;  Pleading 
and  practice 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Art;  Beauty,  Per- 
sonal;  Church  vestments  ;  Clothing  ;  Dress  (s) ; 
Ethnology;  Fancy  dress  (s) ;  Fans;  Fashion; 
Gloves;  Hairdressing;  Hats;  Headgear;  Man- 
ners and  customs;  Masquerades;  Millinery; 
Regalia  ;  Style  (in  dress)  (s) ;  Toilet ;  Uniforms  ; 
Women 

Refer  from  Academic  costume  (s) ;  Cap  and 
gown  (s) ;  Caps  and  gowns  (s) ;  College 
gowns  (s)  ;  Colleges  ami  uni\crsities ;  Hoods, 
Academic  (s) 


96 


Costume  —  Continued 

Military,    see  Arms  and  armor;  Uniforms 

— u.  s. 

Cotillion 

See  also  Balls  (parties) ;  Dancing 

Cottages 

See  also  Architecture,  Domestic;  Bunga- 
lows; Country  houses;  Log  cabins 

Cotton 

See  also  Dyes  and  dyeing;  Fibers;  Khaki; 
Mercerization ;  Textile  industry  and  fabrics; 
\\'ca\-ing 

Cultivation  and  manufacture 

See  also  Cotton  famine,  1861-1864; 
Textile  factories;  Textile  industry  and 
fabrics 

Diseases  and  pests 

See  also  Boll  weevil 


Cotton-boll  weevil  see  Boll  weevil 
Cotton  famine,  1861-1864 

Cotton  growing  see  Cotton  —  Cultivation  and 
manufacture 

Cotton     manufacture    see    Cotton  — -  Cultiva- 
tion and  manufacture 

Cotton    mills    see    Cotton  —  Cultivation    and 
manufacture;  Textile  factories 

Cotton  pests  see  Cotton  —  Diseases  and  pests 

Cough 

See  also  Bronchitis;  Cold    (disease);    Re- 
spiratory organs  —  Diseases 

Councils  and  synods 

See    also     Church     history;     also     special 
councils  and  s}'nods,  e.g.  Vatican  council 


Counterfeits 

See  also  Antiques,  Forged;  Art  forgeries; 
Bank  notes;  Forgery;  Imposture;  Money 
Counterpoint 

See  also  Canon  (music);  Fugue 

Counter-reformation 

See  also  Catholic  church  —  History;  Jes- 
uits; Reformation;  Thirty  years'  war 
Counting  out 
Country  houses 

See  also   Architecture,    Domestic;    Bunga- 
lows; Cottages;  Farm  buildings 


Country  life 

See    also    Camping;    City    and    country; 
Farm    life;    Gardening;    Hunting;    Outdoor 
life;    Pastoral    poetry;    Peasantry;    Simple 
life  ;  Sports 
Country  schools 

See  also  Schools  —  Centralization 


Refer  from  U.  S. —  Costume  (s) ;  U.  S. — 
Social  life  and  customs 

Refer  from  Balls  (parties);  Dancing;  Ger- 
man (dance)  (s) 

Refer  from  Architecture,  Domestic;  Archi- 
tecture, Rural  (s) ;  Country  houses;  Rural 
architecture  (s) ;  Summer  cottages  (s) ;  Villas  (s) 

Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Agricul- 
ture—  Tropics;  Fibers;  Textile  industry  and 
fabrics ;  Yarn 

Refer  from  Cotton  growing  (s) ;  Cotton  manu- 
facture (s) ;  Cotton  mills  (s) ;  Textile  industry 
and  fabrics 

Refer  from  Agricultural  pests;  Boll  wee\-il ; 
Cotton  pests  (s) ;  Insects,  Injurious  and  bene- 
ficial ;  Plants  —  Diseases 

Refer  from  Cotton  —  Cultivation  and  manu- 
facture A 


Refer  from  Bronchitis  ;  Cold  (disease) ;  Lungs  ; 
Respiratory  organs  —  Diseases 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  —  Councils  (s) ; 
Catholic  church  —  History;  Church  coun- 
cils (s) ;  Church  history;  Church  law;  Church 
polity;  Ecumenical  councils  (s) ;  Fathers  of 
the  church  ;  Synods  (s) 

Refer  from  Bank  notes;  Crime  and  criminals; 
Forgery;  P'raud ;  Imposture;  Money 

Refer  from  Canon  (music) ;  Composition 
(music);  Harmony;  Music;  Music  —  Theory 

Refer  from  Anti-reformation  (s) ;  Catholic 
church —  History;  Reformation 

Refer  from  Folklore;  Games;  Nursery 
rhymes 

Rrfer  from  Architecture,  Domestic;  Archi- 
tecture, Rural  (s) ;  Cottages;  Farm  houses  (s) ; 
Rural  architecture  (s) ;  Suburban  houses  (s) ; 
Summer  cottages  (s) ;  Villas  (s) 

Refer  from  City  and  country;  Farm  life; 
Outdoor  life;  Rural  life  (s) ;  Simple  life 


Refer  from  District  schools  (s) ;  Education; 
P^ducation,  Elementary  ;-Public  schools  ;  Rural 
schools  (s) ;  Schools 


97 


County  officers 

See    also    Coroners;     Local    government; 
Sheriffs 
County  option  see  Local  option 
Coup  d'etat  of  1851   see  France — History  — 

Coup  d'etat 
Couplings  see  Car  couplings 
Courage 

See  also  Heroes 

Courses  of  study  see  Curriculum;  Study  clubs 
Coursing 

See  also  Hares 
Court  fools  see  Fools 
Court  life  see  Courts  and  courtiers 
Courtesy 

See  also  Etiquet 

Courtiers  see  Courts  and  courtiers 

Courts 

See  also  Admiralty;  Appeal;  Chancery; 
Commercial  courts;  Courts  martial;  Judges; 
Jurisdiction;  Jury;  Juvenile  courts;  Law; 
Moot  courts;  Pleading  and  practice;  Pro- 
bate law  and  practice;  Trials;  Vigilance 
committees ;  also  names  of  countries  and 
cities,  subhead  Courts 

Municipal 

Courts  and  courtiers 

See  also  Diplomatic  memoirs;  Kings  and 
rulers;  Precedence;  Princes  and  princesses; 
Queens  and  empresses;  also  names  of  coun- 
tries, subhead  Court  and  courtiers 
Courts  martial 

See  nlso  Military  law 

Courts  of  love 

See  also  Troubadours 
Courtship 

See  also  Love ;  Marriage 
Covenanters 

See  also  Church  of  Scotland  ;  Presbyterian- 
ism  ;  Reformation  —  Scotland;  Scotland  — 
Religious  history 

Covenants 

Cover  crops 

Cover  design  see  Book  covers 
Covetousness  see  Avarice 
Cow  see  Cows 
Cowboys 

See  also  Ranch  life 

Cows 

See  also  Cattle;  Dairying;  Horns;  Milk; 
Milking 
Cradle  songs  see  Lullabies 

Crafts   see   Arts    and    crafts;    Handicraft;    In- 
dustrial arts 
Cranes,  derricks,  etc. 

See  also  Hoisting  machinery 

Craniology  see  Skull 
Cranks  (machinery) 


Refer  from  Law;  Local  government 


Refer  from    Bravery    (s) ;    Conduct   of   life; 
Ethics;  Fear;  Heroes;  Heroism  (s) ;  Valor    (s) 


Refer  from  Hares;  Hunting;  Sports 


Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Ethics;  Etiquet; 
Gentlemen;  Manners  (s) ;  Politeness  (s) 


Refer  from  Judiciary  (s)  ;  Jurisdiction;  Law; 
Pleading  and  practice 


Refer  from  Municipal  corporations;  Munici- 
pal courts  (s) ;  Police  courts  (s) ;  U.  S. —  Courts 

Refer  from  Court  life  (s) ;  Courtiers  (s) ; 
Etiquet;  Kings  and  rulers;  Monarchy;  Princes 
and  princesses;  Queens  and  empresses;  Society 


Refer  from  Courts;  Martial  law;  Military 
law;  Military  trials  (s) ;  Trials 

Refer  frotn  Chivalry;  Love,  Courts  of  (s) 

Refer  from  Love;  Marriage 

Refer  from  Church  history — Modern; 
Church  of  Scotland;  Presbyterianism ;  Ref- 
ormation —  Scotland  ;  Scotland  —  Religious 
history 

Refer  from  Church  membership;  Church 
polity ;  Contracts 

Refer  from  Agriculture 


Refer  from  Cattle;  Frontier  and  pioneer  life; 
Live  stock;  Ranch  life;  Western  states 

Refer  from  Cattle;  Cow  (s) ;  Dairying;  Do- 
mestic animals;  Live  stock;  Milk 


Refer  from  Derricks  (s) ;  Hoisting  machinery; 
Machinery 

Refer  from  Machinery 


98 


Crayon  drawing 

See  also  Pastel 
Cream 

See  also  Dairy  products;  Dairying;  Milk 
Cream  separators 

See  also  Dairying 

Creameries 

See  also  Dairying 
Creation 

See  also  Bible  —  Old  Testament  —  Gene- 
sis ;  Earth;  Evolution;  Geology;  God;  Man 
—  Origin  and  antiquity;  Mythology;  Re- 
ligion and  science;  Teleology;  Theology; 
Universe 

Creches 


Credit 

See   also   Agricultural   credit;    Banks    and 
banking;     Credit     guides;     Debt;     Debts, 
Public;    Instalment    plan;    Loans;    Money; 
Negotiable  instruments 
Credit  foncier  see  Agricultural  credit 
Credit  guides 
Creeds 

See     also     Apostles'     creed;     Athanasian 
creed;     Catechisms;     Nicene     creed;     also 
names    of    churches,     sects,    etc.,    subhead 
Catechisms  and  creeds 
Cremation 

See  also  Urn  burial 

Creoles 

Crests  see  Heraldry 

Cretaceous   period   see  Geology,    Stratigraphic 
—  Cretaceous  ;  Paleontology  —  Cretaceous 

Cribbage 

See  also  Cards 

Cricket  (game) 

Cries  see  Battle  cries ;  Street  cries ;  Yells 

Crime  and  criminals 

See  also  Adulterations;  Adultery;  Alco- 
holism;  Anarchism  and  anarchists;  Anthro- 
pometry; Assassination;  Bertillon  system; 
Bribery;  Brigands  and  robbers;  Burglary; 
Capital  punishment;  Conspiracies;  Convict 
labor;  Counterfeits;  Criminal  law;  Dacoits; 
Defectives;  Degeneration;  Detectives;  Dis- 
charged prisoners;  Education  and  crime; 
Embezzlement ;  Extradition  ;P'orgery  ;Fraud  ; 
Gambling;  Graft;  Heredity;  Identification; 
Indeterminate  sentence;  Infanticide;  Ju- 
venile delinquency;  Kidnapping;  Larceny; 
Lotteries;  Lynch  law;  Mafia;  Murder; 
Mutiny;  Outlaws;  Pardon;  Parole;  Penal 
colonies;  Perjury;  Pirates;  Police;  Political 
olTcnses;  Prisons;  Probation  system;  Pros- 
titution; Punishment;  Reformatories ;  Reg- 
icides ;  Riots  ;  Smuggling ;  Suicide  ;  Swindlers 
and  swindling;  Thieves;  Thugs;  Tramps; 
Treason;  Trials;  Vice;  Vigilance  commit- 
tees; Women  —  Crime;  Workhouses;  also 
names  of  cities,  sub-head  Crime  and  criminals 


Refer  from  Drawing;  Portraits 

Refer  from  Dairy  products;  Dairying;  Milk 

Refer  from  Dairying;  Milk;  Separators, 
Cream  (s) 

Refer  from  Dairying 

Refer  from  Bible  ;  Bible  —  Old  Testament  — 
Genesis;  Earth;  Earth  —  Age;  Evolution; 
Geology;  God;  Man;  Man — -Origin  and 
antiquity;  Natural  religion;  Philosophy;  Re- 
ligion and  science;  Teleology;  Theology; 
Universe 

Refer  from  Charities;  Children  —  Charities, 
protection,  etc.;  Day  nurseries  (s) ;  Nurseries, 
Day  (s) 

Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Bills  of 
credit  (s) ;  Bills  of  exchange  (s)  ;  Business; 
Commerce;  Debt;  Economics;  Finance;  Mon- 
ey ;  Speculation 

Refer  from  Commercial  ratings  (s) ;  Credit 

Refer  from  Belief;  Catechisms;  Church 
history;  Church  membership;  Confessions  of 
faith  (s) ;  Faith ;  Symbolics  (s) ;  Symbolism 
(theology)  (s) ;  Theology 

Refer  from  Burial;  Burning  the  dead  (s) ; 
Death;  Hygiene,  Public;  Mortuary  customs(s) 

Refer  from  Latin  races;  Louisiana;  Southern 
states 


Refer  from  Cards 

Refer  from  Ball  (s) ;  Games 


Refer  from  Anthropology;  Biography;  Con- 
victs (s) ;  Criminal  anthropology  (s) ;  Criminal 
law  ;  Criminals  (s) ;  Criminology  (s) ;  Dangerous 
classes  (s) ;  Defectives;  Degeneration;  Depen- 
dent classes  (s) ;  Ethics;  Felony  (s) ;  Govern- 
ment; Identification;  Immorality  (s) ;  Law; 
Outlaws;  Police;  Prisons;  Punishment;  Sin; 
Social  problems  ;    Sociology  ;  Vice 


99 


Crime  and  criminals  —  Continued 
U.  S. 

See  also  Prisons  —  U.  S. 

Crimean  war 

See  also  Europe  —  History  —  1 789-  ;  Rus- 
sia —  History  ;  Turkey  —  History 


Criminal  anthropology  see  Crime  and  criminals 
Criminal  law 

See  also  Arrest;  Bail;  Capital  punishment; 

Conspiracies  ;Crime  and  criminals  ;  Evidence  ; 

Extradition;  Indeterminate  sentence;  Jury; 

Juvenile    courts;    Law;    Ordeals;    Perjury; 

Prisons;     Probation    system;    Punishment; 

Trials;    Vigilance    committees;    also    special 

crimes,  e.g.  Assault,  Murder 
Criminals  see  Crime  and  criminals 
Criminology  see  Crime  and  criminals 
Crises,    Commercial,   see   Business   depression; 

Panics 
Critical  philosophy 

See  also  Philosophy,  German 

Criticism 

See  also  Art  —  Criticism;  Bible  —  Criti- 
cism and  interpretation;  Book  reviews; 
Esthetics;  Literature — History  and  criti- 
cism; Music —  History  and  criticism;  Rhet- 
oric; also  names  of  literatures,  subhead 
History  and  criticism 

Crocheting 

See  also  Fancy  work 

Crockery  see  Pottery 

Cromlechs 

Crop      reports     see     Agriculture — Statistics; 
Agriculture  —  [country  subhead]  — Statistics 

Crop  rotation  see  Rotation  of  crops 

Crops 

See  also  Agricultural  products;  Agricul- 
ture; Agriculture — Statistics;  Rotation  of 
crops;  also  names  of  special  crops,  e.g. 
Root  crops 

Croquet 

Cross 

See  also  Christian  art  and  symbolism; 
Crucifixion;  Swastika;  Symbolism 

Cross-country  running  see  Running 

Cross-examination  see  Witnesses 

Cross-ties  see  Railroads  —  Ties 

Crosses  see  Cross 

Crossings,  Railroad,  see  Railroads  —  Crossings 

Croup 

See  also  Respiratory  organs —  Diseases 

Crowds 

See  also  Lynch  law;  Riots;  Social  psychol- 

Crown  gall 

Crown  lands  see  Public  lands 


Refer  from  Prisons  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S. —  Crime 
and  criminals  (s) 

Refer  from  Eastern  question  (Near  East); 
England  —  History  —  Victorian  period;  Eu- 
rope —  History  —  1789- ;  France  —  History 
—  Second  empire;  Russia  —  History;  Russo- 
Turkish  war,  1853-1856  (s) ;  Turkey  — 
History 


Refer    from     Crime     and     criminals;     Law; 
Penal  codes  (s) ;  Penal  law  (s) ;  Punishment 


Refer  from  Kantianism  (s)  ;  Philosophy; 
Philosophy,  Critical  (s) ;  Philosophy,  German 

Refer  from  Appraisal  of  books  (s) ;  Book  re- 
views; Books  —  Appraisal  (s) ;  Esthetics; 
Evaluation  of  literature  (s) ;  Literary  criti- 
cism (s) ;  Literature;  Literature —  History  and 
criticism ;  Rhetoric 


Refer  from  Fancy  work;  Needlework 

Refer     from      Archaeology;     Dolmens      (s) ; 
Monuments;  Tombs 


Refer  from    Agricultural    products;    Agricul- 
ture 


Refer  from  Games 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Christian  art  and 
symbolism;  Crosses  (s) ;  Crucifixion;  Jesus 
Christ;  Legends;  Symbolism;  Theology 


Refer  from  Children  —  Diseases;  Medicine 
—  Practice;  Respiratory  organs  —  Diseases 

Refer  from  Mobs  (s) ;  Psychology;  Social 
psychology ;  Sociology 

Refer  from  Fruit  —  Diseases  and  pests; 
Fungi;  Galls  (botany) 


Crowns 

See  also  Coronations 
Crucifixion 

See  also  Cross  ;  Jesus  Christ  —  Passion 
Cruelty 

See  also  Animals  —  Treatment 
Cruisers  see  Warships 
Crusades 

See    also    Children's    crusade;    Chi\'alry; 
Middle  ages  —  History;  Saracens 

Crusoe  stories  see  Castaways 
Crustacea 

See  also  Arthropoda  ;  Trilobites 

Cr3rptogams 

See    also    Algae;    Botan\-;   Ferns;    Fungi; 
Lichens ;  Alosses 
Cryptography  see  Ciphers 
Crypts 

See  also  Tombs 
Crystal  gazing 

Crystallization  see  Crystallograph}- 
Crystallography 

See  also  Alineralogy 


Cultivated  plants  see  Plants,  Cultivated 

Cultivating  see  Tillage 

Cultivation  of  vacant  lots  see  Vacant  lot  culti- 
vation 

Culture 

See  also  Civilization;  College  education, 
Value  of;  Education;  Humanism;  Scholars; 
Self-cultuje 

Primitive,  see  Civilization  —  History 

Culverts 

See  also  Bridges 

Cumberland,   Army   of  the,   see   Army   of   the 

Cumberland 
Cumberland  road 


Cuneiform  writing 

See  also  AssNrian  language;  Assyro-Baby- 
lonian  literature 

Cup  races  see  America's  cup  ;  Yachts  and  yacht- 
ing 
Cupola  furnaces 

See  also  Foundry  work 

Cupping 

See  also  Bloodletting 
Curates  see  Clergy 
Curfew  law 
Curling 

See  also  Winter  sports 
Currency  see  Money 
Currents  see  Electric  currents;  Ocean  currents; 

Winds 
Currents,    Alternating,    see    Electric    currents. 

Alternating 


Refer  from  Coronations;  Regalia 
Refer  from  Cross;  Punishment 
Refer  from  Ethics 


Refer  from  Children's  crusade;  Chivalry; 
Church  history —  Middle  ages;  History;  Mid- 
dle ages  —  History;  Saracens 


Refer  from  Artfiropod2i;   Invertebrates;   Ma- 
rine zoology;  Trilobites 

Refer  from  Algae;   Botany;   Bryophytes  (s) ; 
Ferns;  Fungi;  Lichens;  Mosses 


Refer  from  Church  architecture;  Tombs 
Refer    from     Divination;     Fortune     telling; 
Occult  sciences 


Refer  from  Chemistry;  Chemistry.  Physi- 
cal; Crystallization  (s) ;  Groups,  Theory  of; 
Mineralogy 


Refer  from  Civilization;  College  education. 
Value  of;  Conduct  of  life;  Education;  Learn- 
ing (s) ;  Scholars;  Scholarship  (s) 


Refer    from     Arches;     Bridges;     Hydraulic 
engineering;  Railroads  —  Construction 


Refer  from    National     road     (s) ;     Roads 
U.   S.;   Middle  states 


Refer   from    Alphabet;    Assyrian    language; 
Assyro-Babylonian     literature;      Inscriptions; 

Writing 


Refer  from   Blast  furnaces;    Foundry   work; 
Furnaces;  Tuyeres  (s) 

Refer  from  Bloodletting;  Therapeutics 

Refer  from  Children  —  Law 

Refer  from  Games;  Winter  sports 


Curriculum 

See  also  Classical  education;  Overpressure 
(education) ;  Vocational  education 

Curved  surfaces  see  Surfaces 
Curves 

See   also    Circle;    Conic    sections;    Curves 
in  engineering 
Curves  in  engineering 

See  also  Civil  engineering 

Customs  see  Manners  and  customs;  Tariff 

Cut  glass  see  Glass 

Cutaneous  diseases  see  Skin  —  Diseases 

Cutlery 

See  also  Knives 

Cutter  classification  see  Classification,  Expan- 
sive 

Cutting  see  Dressmaking;  Garment  cutting; 
Tailoring 

Cutworms 

Cyanide  process 

See  also  Metallurgy 

Cyanotype  see  Blue  prints 
Cycles,  Alotor,  see  Motor  cycles 
Cycling 

See    also    Bicycles    and    tricycles;     Alotor 
cycles 

Cyclones 

See  also  Hurricanes ;  Storms ;  Tornadoes 

Cyclopedias'j^f  Encyclopedias 
Cycloramas 

See  also  Panoramas 
Cymric  language  see  Welsh  language 
Cymric  literature  see  Welsh  literature 
Cyphers  see  Ciphers 
Cytokinesis  see  Karyokinesis 
Cytology  see  Cells 

Czechic  language  see  Bohemian  language 
Czechic  literature  see  Bohemian  literature 
Czechs 

See  also  Bohemia;  Slavs 

Dacoits 

Daguerreotypes 

See  also  Photography 

Daily  readings 


Dairy  see  Dairying 
Dairy  bacteriology 

See      also       Bacteriologv, 
Cheese;  Alilk 


Agricultural ; 


Dairy    chemistry    see  Agricultural   chemistry; 
Dairy  bacteriology 

Dairy  products 

See  also  Butter;  Cheese;   Cream;   Dairy- 
ing; Milk;  Oleomargarine 


Refer  from  Classical  education;  Colleges  and 
universities;  Courses  of  study  (s) ;  Education; 
Overpressure  (education);  Schools;  Teaching 


Refer  from  Calculus;  Conic  sections;  Geom- 
etry; Geometry,  Analytic 

Refer  from   Civil  engineering;   Curves;    En- 
gineering; Railroads  —  Construction 


Refer  from    Hardware;    Knives;    Manufac- 
tures; Metal  work 


Refer  from  Insects,  Injurious  and  beneficial; 

Moths 

Refer  from  Electrometallurgy;  Gold;  Metal- 
lurgy; Ore  treatment;  Silver 


Refer  from  Bicycles  and  tricycles;  Bicy- 
cling (s) ;  Locomotion;  Sports;  Tricycling  (s) ; 
Wheeling  (s) 


Refer       from       Hurricanes: 
Storms;  Tornadoes;  Winds 


Refer  from  Panoramas 


Meteorology; 


Refer  from  Bohemia;  Slavs 

Refer  from  Brigands  and  robbers;  Crime  and 
criminals;  Dakoits  (s) ;  Murder 

Refer  from  Photography 

Refer  from  Calendars;  Devotional  exercises; 
Quotations 


Refer  from  Bacteriology;  Bacteriology, 
y\gricultural ;  Cheese;  Chemistry,  Dairy  (s) ; 
Dairy  chemistry  (s) ;  Dairying;  Alilk 


Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Animal 
products;  Butter;  Cheese;  Cream;  Dairying; 
Milk 


Dairying 

St-e  also  Butter;  Cattle;  Cheese;  Cows; 
Cream;  Cream  separators;  Creameries; 
Dairy  bacteriology;  Dairy  products;  Goats; 
Milk;  Milking 

Dakoits  see  Dacoits 
Daltonism  see  Color  blindness 
Damages 

See     also     Appraising;     Arbitration     and 

award;      Demurrage;      Eminent      domain; 

Employers'  liability;  Indemnity;  Libel  and 

slander;  Negligence 

Damascening  see  Damaskeening 
Damaskeening 

Dampness  in  buildings 

Dams 

See      also      Cofferdams;      Embankments; 
Hydraulic  engineering;  Irrigation;  Masonry; 
Reservoirs ;  Walls 
Dance  music 

See  also  Dancing;  Waltzes 

Dancing 

See  also  Ballet;  Balls  (parties);  Cotillion; 
Dance  music;  Indians — Dances;  Morris 
dance 

Dandies 

Danegeld 

See  also  Taxation  —  England 
Danes  in  thfe  U.  S. 

See  also  Scandinavians  in  the  U.  S. 

Dangerous    classes    see    Crime    and    criminals; 

Poor 
Dangerous    occupations    see    Occupations, 

Dangerous 
Danish  language 

See  also  Scandinavian  languages 

Danish  literature 

See  also  Norwegian  literature;  Scandi- 
navian literature 

Darbyites  see  Plymouth  brethren 

Dark  ages  see  Middle  ages 

Darning  see  Mending  and  repairing 

Darwinism    see   Darwin,    Charles;    Evolution; 
Natural  selection 

Dates  see  Chronology,  Historical 

Day  nurseries  see  Creches 

Day  of  judgment  see  Judgment  day 

Dayaks  see  Dyaks 

Daylight  saving 

Days 

See  also  Almanacs;  Birthdays ;  Fasts  and 
feasts;  Festivals;  Holidays;  Night;  aho 
names  of  days  of  the  week,  and  of  special 
days,  e.g.  April  fools'  day;  May  day 

Deaconesses 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Butter;  Cattle; 
Cheese;  Cows;  Cream;  Cream  separators; 
Creameries;  Dairy  (s) ;  Dairy  products;  Home 
economics;  Milk;  Milking 


Refer  from  Accidents;  Agency;  Appraising; 
Arbitration  and  award;  Compensation  (sj ; 
Demurrage;  Eminent  domain;  Employers" 
liability;  Indemnity;  Injuries  (s) ;  Law; 
Negligence;  Property;  Torts 

Refer  from  Damascening  (s) ;  Inlay;  Metal 
work 

Refer  from  Buildings,  Dampness  in  (s) ; 
Humidity;  Waterproofing 

Refer  from  Earthwork;  Hydraulic  engineer- 
ing; Irrigation;  Masonry;  Reservoirs;  Rivers; 
Walls;  Water  supply;  Weirs  (s) 

Refer  from  Dancing;  Instrumental  music; 
Music ;  Waltzes 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Ballet;  Balls 
(parties);  Cotillion;  Dance  music;  Ethics; 
Etiquet;  Folk  dances  (s) ;  Morris  dance; 
Walt'/ing  (s) 

Refer  from  Beaux  (s) ;  Costume;  1-ashion; 
Fops  (s) 

Refer  from  Taxation 

Refer  from  Scandinavians  in  the  U.  S. ; 
U.  S^  —  Foreign  population 


Refer    from    Germanic    languages;    Scandi- 
navian languages 

Refer  from    Norwegian    literature;    Scandi- 
navian literature 


Refer  from  Hours  of  labor;  Time 
Refer  from  Time 


Refer  from    Church    polity;    Church    work 
Sisterhoods;  Women 


103 


Deacons 

For  deacons  in  orders  see  Clergy 
Dead  see  Death 
Deaf  and  dumb 

i^ee  also  Deafness ;  Defectives ;  Lip  read- 
ing ;  Sign  language 

Asylums  and  education 

Deaf-mules  see  Deaf  and  dumb 
Deafness 

See  also  Deaf  and  dumb;  Ear;  Hearing 

Death 

See  also  Autopsy;  Biology;  Burial;  Conso- 
lation; Coroners;  Cremation;  Embalming; 
Eschatology;  Funeral  rites  and  ceremonies; 
Future  life;  Future  punishment;  Heaven; 
Hell;  Mortality;  Mourning  customs;  Mur- 
der ;  Purgatory  ;  Resurrection  ;  Suicide  ;  Vital 
statistics 

Apparent,  see  Suspended  animation 

Death-bed    words    see    Last    words    of   famous 
people 

Death  duties  see  Inheritance  and  transfer  tax 

Death  notices  see  Obituaries 

Death  penalty  see  Capital  punishment 

Death  rate  see  Mortality;  Vital  statistics 

Death  records  see  Vital  records 

Debates  see  Debating;   also  names  of  legisla- 
tive bodies,  etc. 

Debating 

See  also  Elocution;  Logic;  Oratory;  Par- 
liamentary practice 

Debt 

See  fl/jo  Assignments  ;  Bankruptcy;  Com- 
mercial law;  Credit;  Debts,  Public;  Limita- 
tions (law) ;  Loans 

Debts,  Public 

See  also  Drago  doctrine;  Finance;  Loans; 
Repudiation;  Sinking  funds;  also  names  of 
countries  and  cities,  subhead  Finance 

Decadence  see  Degeneration 

Decalogue  see  Commandments 

Decimal    classification  see  Classification,  Dec- 
imal 

Decimal  system 

iSV^"  also  Metric  system;  Weights  and 
measures 

Declamation  see  Elocution;  Orations;   Recita- 
tions and  readings 

Declaration  of  independence 

See  also  Fourth  of  July;  U.  S.  —  History 
—  Revolution 

Signers 


Declination  of  the  compass  see  Compass 

Decoration  and  ornament 

See  also  Arabesque;  Architectural  design; 
Architecture;  Art;  Arts  and  crafts;  Bas- 
relief;  Bric-a-brac;  Bronzes;  Bronzing; 
Cabinet  work;  Carving  (art  industries); 
China  painting;  Church  decoration  and 
ornament;     Design,     Decorative;     Devices; 


Refer  from  Church  polity 


Refer  from  Consanguinity;  Deaf-mutes  (s) ; 
Deafness;  Defectives;  Dumb  (s) ;  Ear;  Lip 
reading;  Sign  language;  Speech 

Refer  from  Asylums;  Charities;  Charities, 
Medical;  Education 


Refer  from  Deaf  and  dumb;  Ear;  Hearing; 
Medicine  — ■  Practice 

Refer  from  Biology;  Dead  (s)  ;  Eschatology; 
Future  life;  Life;  Mortality;  Alortuary  cus- 
toms (s) ;  Theology 


Refer  from  Argument  (s) ;  Debates  (s) ;  Dis- 
cussion (s) ;  Elocution;  Logic;  Oratory 

Refer  from   Bankruptcy;   Commerce;   Com- 
mercial law;  Credit;  Contracts;  Law;  Loans 


Refer  from  Bonds  ;  Credit ;  Debt;  Economics  ; 
Finance;  National  debts  (s) ;  Public  debts  (s) ; 
Repudiation;  State  debts  (s) 


Refer  from  Arithmetic;  Metric  system; 
Money;  Notation  (mathematics);  VVeights 
and  measures 


Refer  from  Fourth  of  July;  U.  S.  —  History 
—  Revolution 

Refer  from  Signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
independence  (s) ;  U.  S.  — Biography ;  U.  S.  - — 
History  —  Revolution  —  Biography 


Refer  from  Arabesque;  Architecture;  Art; 
Art,  Decorative  (s) ;  Arts  and  crafts;  Bric-a- 
brac;  Cabinet  work;  Design,  Decorative; 
Drawing;  Fancy  work;  House  decoration; 
Ornament  (s)  ;  Painting;  Wood  carving 


104 


Embroidery;  Enamel;  Fancy  work;  Floral 
decoration;  Frescoes;  Furniture;  Gems; 
House  decoration;  Illumination  of  manu- 
scripts and  books;  Illustration  of  books; 
Inlay;  Ironwork;  Jewelry;  Lettering;  Metal 
work;  Moldings;  Monograms;  Alosaics; 
Mural  painting  and  decoration;  Painting; 
Plant  forms;  Pottery;  School  decoration; 
Sculpture;  Stained  glass;  Stencil  work; 
Stucco;  Tapestry;  Terra  cotta ;  Textile 
design;  Vases;  Window  dressing;  Wood 
carving 
Decoration  day  see  Memorial  day 
Decorations  of  honor 

See     also     Heraldry;     Insignia;     Medals; 
Titles  of  honor  and  nobility;  Victoria  cross 
Decorative  design  see  Design,  Decorative 
Dedication  of  books  see  Book  dedication 
Dedication  of  churches  see  Church  dedication 
Deeds 

See  also  Acknowledgments;  Charters; 
Conveyancing;  Easements;  Gifts;  Land 
titles;  Real  estate;  Torrens  system 

Deep-sea  fauna  see  Marine  zoology 

Deep-sea  sounding  see  Sounding  and  soundings 

Deer 

See  also  Reindeer;  Ungulata 

Defalcation  see  Embezzlement 

Defamation  see  Libel  and  slander 

Defectives 

See  mlso  Auxiliary  schools  ;  Blind  ;  Children, 
Abnormal  and  backward;  Crime  and  crim- 
inals; Deaf  and  dumb;  Deformities;  Degen- 
eration; feeble-minded;  Idiocy;  Insanity; 
Juvenile  delinquency 


Defenses,    National,    see    Coast    defense;    also 

names  of  countries,  subhead  Defenses 
Definition 
Deformities 

See  also  Defectives;  Monsters 

Degeneration 

See  also  Crime  and  criminals;  Defectives; 
Evolution;  Heredity;  Insanity;  Physical 
deteriaration ;  Vice 


Degrees,  Academic 


Degrees  of  latitude  and  longitude  see  Geodesy; 

Latitude  and  longitude 
Dehorning  of  cattle  see  Horns 
Deism 

S-ee     also     Atheism;     Christianity;     Free 
thought;     God;     Positivism;     Rationalism; 
Skepticism;  llicism 
Delaware  Indians 

See  also  Algonquian  Indians 


Refer  from  Badges  of  honor  (s) ;  Heraldry; 

Insignia;  Medals;  Titles  of  honor  and  nobility 


Refer  from  Acknowledgments;  Commercial 
law ;  Contracts  ;  Conveyancing ;  Documents  (s) ; 
Forms  (in  law);  Land;  Land  titles;  Real 
estate 


Refer  from  Cervidae  (s) ;  Game;  Hunting; 
Ungulata 


Refer  from  Auxiliary  schools;  Blind;  Chil- 
dren, Abnormal  and  backward;  Crime  and 
criminals;  Deaf  and  dumb;  Deformities;  De- 
generation; Dependent  classes  (s) ;  Feeble- 
minded; Heredity;  Idiocy;  Insanity;  Juvenile 
delinquency;  Mentally  deficient  children  (s) ; 
Social  problems;  Sociology 


Refer  from  Language;  Words 

Refer  from  Defectives;  Monsters;  Orthope- 
dics (s) ;  Physiology;  Surgery;  Teratology  (s) 

Refer  from  Anthropology;  Civilization;  Con- 
sanguinity ;  Crime  and  criminals  ;Decadence(s) ; 
Defectives;  Eugenics;  I'-volution;  Hered- 
ity; Insanity;  Physical  deterioration;  Physi- 
ology; Vice 

Refer  from  Academic  degrees  (s) ;  Bachelor's 
degrees  (s) ;  College  degrees  (s) ;  Colleges  and 
universities;  Doctor's  degrees  (s) ;  Honorary 
degrees  (s) ;  Scholars;  Titles  of  honor  and 
nobility;  University  degrees  (s) 


Refer  from  Atheism;  Christianity;  Free 
thought;  God;  Natural  religion;  Philosophy; 
Rationalism;  Religion;  Skepticism;  Theism; 
Tiieology 

Refer    from     Algonquian     Indians;     Lenape 
Indians  (s) ;  Lenni  Lenape  (s) 


loS 


Delinquent  children  see  Juvenile  delinquency 
Delsarte  system 

See  also  Expression 

Deltas 

See  also  Physical  geography 

Deluge 

See  also  Bible  —  Old  Testament  —  Gene- 
sis 

Delusions  see  Errors,  Popular;  Illusions  and 
hallucinations;  Imposture;  Medical  delu- 
sions;  Sea  serpents ;  Superstition;  Swindlers 
and  swindling;  Witchcraft 

Demand  and  supply  see  Supply  and  demand 

Dementia  see  Insanity 

Democracy 

See  also  Aristocracy;  Despotism;  Equal- 
ity; Federal  government;  Government; 
Liberty;  Monarchy;  Referendum;  Repre- 
sentative government  and  representation; 
Republics;  Socialism;  Suffrage;  Town  meet- 
ing 

Democratic  party 

See  also  Tammany  Hall;  U.  S.  —  Politics 
Demonetization  of  silver  see  Silver  (as  money) 
Demonology 

See  also  Amulets;   Apparitions;   Charms; 
Devil;    Devil    worship;    Evil    eye;    Magic; 
Occult  sciences;  Superstition;  Witchcraft 
Demonstration  work  in  agriculture  see  Agricul- 
ture —  Demonstration  work 
Demurrage 

See  also  Carriers;  Damages 

Denatured  alcohol  see  Alcohol,  Denatured 

Dendrology  see  Trees 

Denominational  schools  see  Church  and  educa- 
tion ;  Church  schools 

Denominations,  Religious,  see  Sects;  also 
names  of  churches  and  sects 

Density  see  Specific  gravity 

Dentistry 

See  also  Dentists  ;  Mouth  ;  Teeth 


Dentists 

Denudation  see  Erosion 
Department  stores 

See  also  Mail  order  business 
Departmental  system  of  teaching  see  Teaching 

—  Departmental  system 
Dependencies  see  Colonies  and  colonization 
Dependent  children  see  Children  —  Charities, 

protection,  etc. 
Dependent    classes   see   Charities;    Crime    and 

criminals;  Defectives;  Poor 
Deportation  see  Penal  colonies 
Deposition    (geology)    see    Sedimentation    and 

deposition 
Depots  see  Railroads  —  Stations 
Depravity 

See  also  Sin 


Refer  from  Dramatic  expression  (s) ;  Elocu- 
tion;  Expression;  Gesture;  Physical  education 

Refer  from  Phj'sical  geography;  Rivers 

Refer  from  Bible;  Bible  —  Old  Testament  — 
Genesis;  Earth;  Flood  (s) ;  Geology 


Refer  from  Aristocracy;  Constitutional  his- 
tory; Constitutional  law;  Despotism;  Equal- 
ity; Federal  government;  Free  institutions; 
Government;  Liberty;  Monarchy;  People; 
Popular  government  (s) ;  Presidential  govern- 
ment (s) ;  Representative  government  and 
representation;  Republics;  Self-government  (s) 

Refer  from  Political  parties;  U.  S. — Politics 


Refer  from  Angels;  Apparitions;  De\-il ; 
Devil  worship;  Evil  spirits  (s)  ;  Ghosts;  Occult 
sciences;  Spirits  (s) ;  Superstition;  Witchcraft 


Refer  from  Admiralty;  Carriers;   Damages; 
Freight;  Transportation 


Refer  from  Medicine;  Professions;  Surgery: 
Teeth 

Refer  from  Biography;  Dentistry 

Refer  from  Business;  Competition;  Stores  (s) 


Dermatology  see  Skin 

Derricks  see  Cranes,  derricks,  etc. 


Refer  from    Sin;    Tiieology;    Total    deprav- 
ity (s) 


1 06 


Dervishes 

See  also  Mohammedanism 
Descent  see  Genealogy;  Heredit}- ;  Primogeni- 
ture 
Description  (rhetoric)  see  Descriptive  writing 
Descriptive  geometry  see  Geometr)',   Descrip- 
tive 
Descriptive  writing 
See  also  Rhetoric 

Desecration  see  Sacrilege 
Desert  vegetation 

See  also  Dry  farming 
Deserts 

See  also  Desert  vegetation  ;  Mirage  ;  Oases  ; 

Reclamation  of  land 
Design,  Architectural,  see  Architectural  design 
Design,  Argument  for,  see  Teleology 
Design,  Decorative 

See  also   Architectural  design;  Art;  Arts 

and     crafts ;     Book     covers ;     Carving     (art 

industries) ;  Decoration  and  ornament  ;Draw- 

ing;  Lettering;  Plant  forms;  Stencil  work; 

Textile  design 
Design,  Machine,  see  Machine  design 
Des     Moines     plan    of    city    government    see 

Municipal  government  — ■  Commission  plan 
Despotism 

See   also    Democracy;    Kings    and    rulers; 

Liberty;  Monarchy;  Paternalism;  Tyranny 

Desserts 

See   also    Cookery;    Dinners    and    dining; 
Ices 

Destiny  see  Fate  and  fatalism 

Details,      Arcliitectural,     see     Architecture  — 
Details 

Detective  stories 

Detectives 

See  also  Detective  stories;  Police;  Secret 
service 

Determinants 

See  also  Algebra 

Determinism  see  Freedom  of  the  will 

Determinism,     Economic,    see    Economic    de- 
terminism 

Detroit  plan  see  Vacant  lot  cultivation 

Development     see     Embryology;     Evolution; 
Growth 

Devices 

iSV^    also    Emblems;    Heraldry;    Insignia; 
Mottoes;  Symbolism 

Devil 

See  also  Dcmonology;  Devil  worship 

Devil  worship 

See  also  Dcmonology;  Occult  sciences 
Devonian  period  see  Geology,  Stratigraphic  — 

Devonian  ;  Paleontology  —  Devonian 
Devotion    see    Devotional    exercises;    Prayer; 

Worship 

Devotional  exercises 

See  also  Church   music;  Church  services; 
Consolation;    Daily    readings;    Family   wor- 


Refer  from  Mohammedanism;  Religions 


Refer     from      Description      (i'hctoric)      (s) ; 
Rhetoric 


Refer  from  Botany;  Deserts;  Dry  farming 
Refer  from  Oases;  Physical  geography 


Refer  from  Art;  Art,  Decorative  (s) ;  Arts 
and  crafts;  Book  covers;  Decoration  and  orna- 
ment; Decorative  design  (s) ;  Drawing;  Floral 
design  (s) ;  Ornamental  design  (s) ;  Plant  forms 


Refer  from  Absolutism  (s) ;  Caesarism  (s) ; 
Democracy;  Government;  Monarchy;  Pa- 
ternalism; Tyranny 

Refer  from  Cookery;  Dinners  and  dining 


Refer  from  Detectives;  Fiction 

Refer  from    Crime    and     criminals;     Police; 
Secret  service 

Refer  from  Algebra 


Refer  from  Coats  of  arms  (s) ;  Decoration  and 
ornament;  lOmblems;  Heraldrj';  Insignia; 
Mottoes;  Symbolism 

Refer  froyn  Dcmonology;  Folklore;  Satan  (s) ; 
Superstition  ;  Theology 

Refer  from  Dcmonology;  Devil;  Worsiiip 


Refer   from    Christian    life    and    character; 
Church   services;   Devotion    (s) ;   Family   wor- 


107 


ship;    Hymns;    Liturgies;    Lord's    prayer; 
Lord's    supper;  Meditations;    Prayers;    Re- 
sponsive worship;  Worship 
Dew 

See  also  Humidity 

Dewey  classification  see  Classification,  Decimal 

Diabetes 

Diagnosis 

See  also  Auscultation;  Medicine — -Prac- 
tice; Pain;  Pathology;  Sphygmograph ; 
X  ra}-s 

Dialect  recitations  see  Recitations  and  readings, 
Dialect 

Dialectics  see  Logic 

Dialects 

See  also  Slang;  also  names  of  languages, 
subhead  Dialects 

Dialing  see  Sundials 

Dialogues 

See  also  Recitations  and  readings 

Dials  see  Sundials 
Diamagnetism 

See  also  Magnetism 
Diamond  drilling  see  Boring;  Rock  drills 
Diamond  necklace  affair 

See  also  Marie  Antoinette 

Diamonds 

See    also    Gems;     Alineralogy;     Precious 
stones 
Dice 
Dictionaries 

See  also  Classical  dictionaries;  Dictiona- 
ries, Englkh  ;  Encyclopedias;  Technical  dic- 
tionaries; also  subhead  Dictionaries  under 
names  of  languages  other  than  English,  and 
under  special  subjects 

English 

See   also    English    language — -Dialects; 
Synonyms  and  antonyms,  English 

Didactics  see  Teaching 
Dies 

See  also  Forging;  Metal  work;  Punching 
machinery;  Sheet-metal  work 
Diet 

See  also  Animal  food  ;  Beverages ;  Children 
—  Care  and  hygiene;  Cookery;  Cookery 
for  the  sick;  Digestion;  Dyspepsia;  Food; 
Menus;  Nutrition;  School  lunches;  Starva- 
tion; Stimulants;  Vegetarianism 
Differential  calculus  see  Calculus 
Diffraction 

See  also  Light 
Digestion 

See  also  Absorption  (physiology) ;  Diet ; 
Digestive  system;  Dyspepsia;  Enzymes; 
Food;  Metabolism;  Nutrition;  Stomach 

Digestive  system 

See  also  Anatomy;  Digestion;  Intestines; 
Liver;  Mouth;  Physiology;  Stomach;  Teeth 

Dikes  (engineering)  see  Embankment," 


ship  ;  Meditations  ;  Prayer ;  Prayers;  Religion; 
Religious  services  (s) ;  Worship 


Refer  from  Humidity;  Meteorology;  Night; 
Water 

Refer  from  Medicine  —  Practice 

Refer  from  Auscultation;  Medicine;  Medi- 
cine—  Practice;  Pathology;  Surgery;  Symp- 
toms (s) 


Refer  from  Language 


Refer   from    Amateur    theatricals;    Drama; 
Literature;  Recitations  and  readings 


Refer  from  Magnetism;  Physics 

Refer  from    France  —  History  —  Bourbons  ; 
Marie  Antoinette 

Refer    from    Carbon;     Gems;     Mineralogy; 
Precious  stones 

Refer  from  GcimhWng;  Games 

Refer   from    Encyclopedias;    Lexicons     (s) ; 
Reference  books 


Refer  from  Dictionaries;  English  dictiona- 
ries (s) ;  English  language ;  English  language  — 
Dictionaries  (s) 


Refer  from  Forging;  Metal  work;  Punching 
machinery;  Sheet-metal  work 

Refer  from  Cookery;  Cookery  for  the  sick; 
Digestion  ;  Eating;  Food  ;  Food  for  invalids(s) ; 
Home  economics;  H\-giene;  Invalids;  Nurses 
and  nursing;  Nutrition;  Therapeutics 


Refer  from  Light 

Refer  from  Absorption  (physiology);  Diet; 
Digestive  system;  Dyspepsia;  Food;  Indi- 
gestion (s) ;  Metabolism;  Nutrition;  Phys- 
iological chcmistr}';  Physiology;  Stomach 

Refer  from  Alimentary  canal  (s) ;  Anatomy; 
Digestion;  Intestines;  Liver;  Physiology; 
Stomach 


zo8 


Dikes  (geology) 

St't'  also  Igneous  rocks 

Dimension,  Fourth,  see  Fourth  dimension 

Dining  see  Dinners  and  dining 

Dinners  and  dining 

See  also  After-dinner  speeches;  Carving 
(meat,  etc.);  Cookery;  Desserts;  Drinking 
customs;  Eating;  Food;  Menus;  Table; 
Toasts 

Diocesan  schools  see  Church  schools 

Dioptrics  see  Refraction 

Diphtheria 

See  also  Antitoxins 

Diplomacy 

See  also  Ambassadors;  Consuls;  Diplo- 
matic and  consular  service;  Diplomatic 
memoirs;  Diplomats;  International  law; 
International  relations;  Precedence;  Trea- 
ties; also  names  of  countries,  subheads  Dip- 
lomatic and  consular  service  and  Foreign 
relations 

Diplomatic  and  consular  service 

See  also  Ambassadors;  Consuls;  Diplo- 
macy; Diplomatic  memoirs;  Diplomats; 
Exterritoriality;  International  law;  Inter- 
national relations;  also  names  of  countries, 
subhead  Diplomatic  and  consular  service 

Diplomatic  memoirs 


Diplomatics  see  Paleography 
Diplomats 

See  also  Ambassadors :  Consuls 


Dipsomania  see  Alcoholism 

Diptera 

See  also  Flies;  Hessian  flies;  Insects; 
Mosquitoes;  Tsetse  flies 

Direct  legislation  see  Referendum 

Direct  nominations  see  Nominations ;  Primaries 

Direct  primaries  see  Primaries 

Direct  taxation  see  Income  tax;  Taxation 

Direction,  Sense  of,  see  Orientation 

Directories 

See  also  names  of  places  and  subjects, 
subhead  Directories 

Directory,  French,  see  French  revolution 

Dirigible  balloons  see  Airships 

Disarmament 

See  also  Arbitration,  International;  Ar- 
mies; International  relations;  Alilitarisin ; 
Navies;  Peace;  Sea  power;  War 

Disasters 

See  also  Accidents;  Collisions  at  sea; 
Earthquakes  ;  Fires  ;  Floods  ;  Mine  accidents  ; 
Railroads  —  Accidents;  Red  cross;  Ship- 
wrecks; Storms;  also  special  disasters 

Discharged  prisoners 

See  also  Parole 


Refer   from    Dykes    (s) ;    Geology;    Igneous 
rocks 


Refer  from  Banquets  (s) ;  Cookery;  Desserts; 
Dining  (s) ;  Drinking  customs;  Eating;  Enter- 
taining; Etiquet;  Food;  Gastronomy  (s)  ; 
Home  economics;  Meals  (s) ;  Menus;  Table 


Refer  from  Children  —  Diseases;  Contagion 
and  contagious  diseases  ;  Aledicine  —  Practice 

Refer  from  Ambassadors;  Consuls;  Diplo- 
matic and  consular  service;  Government; 
History;  International  law;  International 
relations;  Ministers  of  state;  Statesman- 
ship (s) ;  Treaties 


Refer  from  Ambassadors;  Consular  ser- 
vice (s)  ;  Consuls  ;  Diplomacy  ;  Diplomats  ;  Gov- 
ernment; International  law  ;  International  re- 
lations; Legations  (s) 

Refer  from  Biography;  Courts  and  courtiers; 
Diplomacy;  Diplomatic  and  consular  service; 
History- —  Sources;  International  relations 


Refer  from  Ambassadors;  Biography;  Diplo- 
macy; Diplomatic  and  consular  ser\-ice;  Inter- 
natijnal  relations;  Statesmen 


Refer  from  Flies;  Insects;  Mosquitoes 


Refer  from  Arbitration,  International;  Arma- 
ments (s)  ;  Armies;  International  relations; 
Alilitarism  ;  Alilitary  art  and  science;  Military 
power  (s) ;  Navies;  Peace;  Sea  power;  War 

Refer  from  Accidents  ;  History  ;  Relief  work  (s) 


Refer  from  Convicts  (s) ;  Crime  and  crim- 
inals; Ex-convicts  (s) ;  Parole;  Prisoners,  Dis- 
charged (s) ;  Prisons;  Social  work 


log 


Disciples  of  Christ  Refer    from     Campbcllites     (s) ;     Christian 

church  (Disciples)  (s) ;  Church  of  Christ  (Dis- 
ciples) (s) ;  Sects 
Discipline,     Ecclesiastical,     see     Church     dis- 
cipline 
Discipline,  Mental,  see  Mental  discipline 
Discipline,  School,  see  School  management 
Discount 

See  also  Banks  and  banking;  Interest  Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Interest 

Discoverers  see  Discoveries  and  explorations; 

Explorers;  Inventors 
Discoveries  (in  geography)  see  Discoveries  and 

explorations 
Discoveries  (in  science)  see  Industrial  arts;  In- 
ventions; Patents;  Science 
Discoveries  and  explorations 

Sff  a/jo  Antarctic  regions ;  Arctic  regions ;  Refer    from     Adventure;     Discoverers     (s) ; 

Explorers;     Geography — History;     North-       Discoveries     (in     geography)     (s) ;      Explora- 

east  passage;  Northwest  passage;  Scientific       tions   (s) ;  Explorers;  Geography;    Geography 

expeditions;     Voyages     and     travels;     also       — History    Heroes;    History;    Voyages    and 

names    of    countries,    subheads    Description       travels 

and  travel  and  Discovery  and  exploration 
Discussion  see  Debating 
Disease  see  Pathology 
Disease  germs  see  Bacteriology ;  Germ  theory 

of  disease 
Diseases  see  Medicine — Practice;  also  names 

of  diseases  and  of  classes    of    diseases,    e.g. 

Contagion  and  contagious  diseases,  Mental 

diseases;     and     subhead      Diseases     under 

various   subjects,    e.g.  Children  —  Diseases, 

Nervous  system  —  Diseases,  Occupations  — 

Diseases  and  hygiene 
Diseases  of  animals  see   Animals  —  Diseases; 

Veterinary  medicine 
Diseases  of  plants  see  Plants  —  Diseases 
Disestablishment     see      Church      and      state; 

Church  of  England  — -  Establishment 
Disfranchisement  see  Suffrage 
Dishonesty  see  Honesty 
Disinfection  and  disinfectants 

.Sif^fl/jo  Antiseptics  ;  l'"ormaldehyde  ;  Fumi-  Refer  from    Antiseptics;    Cleanliness;    Con- 

gation;  Putrefaction  tagion    and    contagious    diseases;    Formalde- 

hyde; Fumigation;  Germicides  (s) ;  Hygiene; 
Dislocations  Hygiene,  Public;  Putrefaction;  Sanitation 

See    also     Bones;    Joints;     Radiography;  Refer  from    Bones;    Joints;  Luxations    (s) ; 

Surgery;  X  rays  Surgery 

Dispensaries 

See  also  Charities,  Medical;  Hospitals  Refer   from    Charities;    Charities,    Medical; 

Hospitals 
Dispensary  system 

.S'<Y' fl/jo  Gothenburg  system  Refer    from     Gothenburg     system;     Liquor 


Dispensatories 

See  also  Materia  medica  ;  Pharmacopoeias  Refer  from  Drugs;  Materia  mcdica ;  Medical 


laws;  Liquor  trafHc 

Refer  from  Drugs; 
botany;  Pharmacopoeias;  Pharmacy 


Disposal  of  refuse  see  Refuse  and  refuse  disposal 

Dissection 

See   also    Anatomy;    Anatomy,  Compara-  Refer  from  Anatomy;  Surgery;  \'i\isection 

(ive;  Autopsy;  Vivisection 

Dissenters 

^SV^"  also   Brownists;   Church   of   England;  Refer    from      Brownists;     Church     history; 

Church  rates;  Congregationalism;   I'mgland       Church    history — Mfulern ;    Church    of    Eng- 
—  Religious    history;    Friends,    Society    of;        land;     Congregationalism;     Liberty     of     con- 
Methodism;     Nonjurors;     Presbyterianism  ;       science;  Nonconformists  (s) ;  Puritans;  Sects 
Puritans 


Dissociation 

See  also  Chemistry,  Physical;  Electro- 
chemistry; Electrolysis;  Electrolytes;  Elec- 
trons; Ions 

Distances 

Distillation 

See  also  Alcohol;  Brandy;  Chemistry, 
Technical;  Coal-tar  products;  Essences  and 
essential  oils;  Liquors;  Wood  distillation 

Distribution  of  animals  and  plants /if (» Geograph- 
ical distribution  of  animals  and  plants 

Distribution    of    electricity    see    Electricity  — 
Distribution 

Distribution   of   seed    by    the    government   see 
Seeds  —  Distribution 

Distribution  of  wealth  see  Economics;  Wealth 

District  nurses  see  Nurses  and  nursing 

District  schools  see  Country  schools 

Dividends  see  Securities;  Stocks 

Divination 

See  also  Astrology;  Clairvoyance;  Crystal 
gazing;  Divining  rod;  Dreams;  Fortune 
telling;  Occult  sciences;  Omens;  Palmistry; 
Prophecies;  Second  sight;  Superstition 

Divine  healing  see  Faith  cure;  Miracles 

Divine  right  of  kings 
See  also  Monarchy 

Diving 

See  also  Diving  bells;  Pearls;  Swimming 
Diving  btlls 
Divining  rod 

Divinity  see  Jesus  Christ  —  Divinity  ;  Theology 
Divinity  schools  see  Theological  schools 
Divorce 

See  also  Marriage 


Docks 

See     ah 
Wharves 


0     Ci\il     engineering;     Harbors; 


Doctors  see  Physicians  and  surgeons 

Doctor's  degrees  see  Degrees,  Academic 

Doctrinal  theology  see  Theology 

Doctrines  see  Theology 

Documents    see    Archives;    Charters;    Deeds; 

Government  publications;  also  under  name 

of  body  issuing 
Dog  see  Dogs 

Dog  stories  see  Dogs  —  Stories 
Doges 

See  also  Genoa;  Venice 
Dogmatic  theology  see  Theology 
Dogs 

See    also    Carnivora ;    Domestic    animals; 

Hydrophobia;     Veterinary     medicine;     also 

names  of  varieties  of  dogs 
Stories 

Dolls 

Dolmens  see  Cromlechs 

Domain,  Eminent,  see  Eminent  domain 

Domes 

See  also  Architecture;  Roofs 


Refer  from  Chemistry;  Chemistry,  Physical; 
Electrochemistry;  Electrolysis;  Ions;  Ivlatter 

Refer  from  Geography 

Refer  from  Alcohol ;  Boiling  points  ;  Brandy  ; 
Chemistry,  Technical;  Coal-tar  products; 
Evaporation;  Liquors 


Refer  from  Augury  (s) ;  Fortune  telling; 
Occult  sciences;  Omens;  Prophecies;  Super- 
stition 


Refer  from  Government;   Kings  and  rulers; 
Monarchy 

Refer  from  Baths  and  bathing;  Swimming 
Refer  from  D\\'\ng 

Refer   from    Divination;     Folklore;    Water, 
Underground 


Refer  from  Church  law;  Domestic  relations; 
Ethics;  Family;  Law;  Marriage;  Social  prob- 
lems; Sociology;  Women  —  Law 

Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Dry  docks  (s)  ; 
Engineering;  Harbors;  Hydraulic  engineer- 
ing; Wharves 


Refer  from  Genoa;  Kings  and  rulers;  \"enice 


Refer  from  Carnivora;  Dog  (s) ;  Domestic 
animals;  Hunting;  Hydrophobia;  Pets;  Vet- 
erinary medicine 

Refer  from  Animals — Stories;  Dog  sto- 
ries (s) 

Refer  from  Toys 


Refer  from  Arcliilcclurc  ;  Roofs;  \'aulling 


Domesday  book 


Domestic  animals 

See  also  Animals  —  Treatment ;  Barns 
and  stables;  Breeding;  Cage  birds;  Cats; 
Cattle  ;  Cows  ;  Dogs  ;  Domestication  ;  Goats  ; 
Horse;  Live  stock;  Pets;  Pigeons;  Poultry; 
Sheep;  Swine;  Veterinary  medicine;  Zo- 
ology 

Domestic  animals  —  Diseases,  see  Veterinary 
medicine;  also  names  of  animals  and  of 
diseases 

Domestic  architecture  see  Architecture,  Do- 
mestic 

Domestic  arts 

iS^^  also  Arts  and  crafts,  and  references 
under  that  subject;  Basketwork;  Canning 
and  preserving;  Cookery;  Dressmaking; 
Embroidery;  Fancy  work;  Handicraft; 
Home  economics;  Lace;  Millinery;  Needle- 
work; Rugs;  Weaving 
Domestic  economy  see  Home  economics 
Domestic    education    see    Home    economics  — 

Study  and  teaching;  Home  education 
Domestic  hygiene  see  Sanitation,  Household 

Domestic  relations 

See    also    Divorce;     Family;    Guardians; 
Husbands;  Marriage;  Master  and  servant; 
Parents;  Wives 
Domestic  science  see  Home  economics 
Domestic  service  see  Servants 
Domestication 

See   also    Animals  —  Training;    Domestic 
animals;  Plants,  Cultivated 
Domestics  see  Servants 
Dominicans 

See  also  Monasticism 

Dominion  of  the   sea  see   Maritime   law;   Sea 

power 
Dominoes 
Donatists 

See  also  Church  history  —  Early  church 
Doomsday  book  see  Domesday  book 
Doors 

See    also     Architecture;     Gates;     Grilles; 
Lattice 
Dorr  rebellion,  1842 

See  also  Rhode  Island  —  History 
Double  consciousness  see  Personality 
Double  personality  see  Personality 
Double  stars  see  Stars 
Doubt  see  Belief;  Faith;  Skepticism 
Doukhobors  see  Dukhobors 
Douma  see  Russia  - —  Duma 
Doves  see  Pigeons 

Draft,  Mechanical,  see  Mechanical  draft 
Draft  riot,  1863 


Drafting,  Mechanical,  see  Mechanical  drawing 
Drafting,  Military,  see  Conscription 


Refer  from  Doomsday  book  (s) ;  England  — 
History — Normans;  Land  tenure — England; 
Taxation  —  England 

Refer  from  Agriculture;  Animal  industry  (s) ; 
Animals;  Animals — Diseases;  Animals,  Do- 
mestic (s) ;  Animals,  Useful  and  harmful  (s) ; 
Beasts  (s) ;  Breeding;  Cats;  Dogs;  Do- 
mestication; Farm  animals  (s) ;  Horse;  Live 
stock  ;  Pets  ;  Quadrupeds  ;  V'eterinary  medicine ; 
Zoology;  Zoology,  Economic 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Handicraft; 
Home  economics;  Household  arts  (s) ;  Indus- 
trial arts 


Refer  from  Family;  Guardians;  Husband 
and  wife  (s) ;  Husbands;  Law;  Marriage; 
Master  and  servant;  Parents;  Wives 


Refer  from   Animals  —  Training;    Domestic 
animals ;  Zoology 


Refer  from    Friars    preachers    (s) ;    Monasti- 
cism; Preaching  friars  (s) 


Refer  from  Games 

Refer  from  Church  history —  Early  church 

Refer  from  Architecture  ;  Building  ;  Carpentry 

Refer  from  Rhode  Island  —  History 


Refer  from  Conscription  ;  New  York  (city)  — 
History;  New  York  (city)  —  Riots;  Riots; 
U.  S. —  History  —  Civil  war 


Drafting  room  practice 

See  also  Card  system  in  business;  Machine 
design;  Mechanical  drawing 

Drago  doctrine 

Dragons 

See  also  Animal  lore;  Animals,  Mythical 

Drainage  [for  land  drainage  only] 

See  also  Agricultural  physics;   Irrigation; 
Marshes;  Reclamation  of  land;  Sewerage 


Drama 

See  also  Acting;  Actors;  Amateur  theatri- 
cals; Charades;  Christmas  plays;  College 
plays;  Comedy;  Dialogues;  Dramatists; 
Literature;  Monologues;  Masques  (plays); 
IMiracle,  morality  and  mystery  plaj-s  ;  Opera  ; 
Pageants;  Pantomime;  Passion  plays;  Plots 
(drama,  novel,  etc.);  Prologues;  Puppet 
plays;  Tableaux;  Theater;  Tragedy;  also 
American  drama,  English  drama,  etc. 

Dramatic  art  see  Acting 

Dramatic   education   see  Acting — Study   and 
teaching 

Dramatic     expression     see     Acting;     Delsarte 
system;  Elocution;  Expression 

Dramatic  music  see  Opera;  Operettas 

Dramatic  plots  see  Plots  (drama,  novel,  etc.) 

Dramatists 

See  also  Authors;  Poets 

Drapery 

See  also  Tapestr\-;  Upholstery 

Draught,  Alechanical,  see  Mechanical  draft 
Draughting,  Alechanical,  see  Mechanical  draw- 

Draughting  room   practice  see  Drafting  room 
practice 

Draughts  see  Checkers 

Dravidian  languages 

See  also  Oriental  languages;  Tamil  lan- 
guage and  literature 

Draw-poker  see  Poker 

Drawbacks 

Drawbridges 

See  also  Bridges 

Drawing 

See  also  Anatomy,  Artistic;  Animal 
painting  and  illustration  ;  Architectural  draw- 
ing ;  Caricature  and  cartoons;  Chalk  talks; 
Charcoal  drawing;  Crayon  drawing;  Decora- 
tion and  ornament;  Design,  Decorative; 
Drawings;  Figure  drawing;  Flower  painting 
and  drawing;  Geometrical  drawing;  Graph- 
ics; Illustration  of  books;  Map  drawing; 
Alcchanical  drawing;  Painting;  Pastel;  Pen 
drawing;  Perspective;  Posters;  Projection; 
Proportion  (art);  Shades  and  shadows; 
Silhouettes;  Topographical  drawing 

Drawing  instruments 

See  also  Mechanical  drawing 


Refer  from  Draughting  room  practice  (s) ; 
Drawing  room  practice  (s) ;  Machine  design; 
Machine  shop  practice;  Mechanical  drawing 

Refer  from  Debts,  Public;  International 
law;  Monroe  doctrine 

Refer  from  Animal  lore;  Animals,  Mythical; 
Monsters 

Refer  from  Agricultural  physics;  Agri- 
culture; Civil  engineering;  Engineering;  Hy- 
draulic engineering;  Irrigation;  Land  drain- 
age (s);  Marshes;  Reclamation  of  land;  Soil 
moisture;  Soils 

Refer  from  Acting;  Comedy;  Literature; 
Miracle,  morality  and  mystery  plays;  Play 
writing  (s) ;  Plays  (s) ;  Poetry;  Prologues; 
Rhetoric;  Stage  (s) ;  Theater;  Tragedy 


Refer  from  Authors  ;  Drama  ;  Playwrights  (s) 
Poets 

Refer  from  House  decoration;  Tapestry 
Upholstery 


Refer  from  Language;  Oriental  languages; 
Tamil  language  and  literature 

Refer  from  Rebates  (of  duties)  (s) ;  Tariff 

Refer  from  Bridges 

Refer  from  Art;  Design,  Decorative;  Free- 
hand drawing  (s) ;  Graphic  arts  (s) ;  Illustration 
of  books;  Alanual  training;  Painting;  Per- 
spective; Sculpture;  Sketching  (s) 


Refer  from    Instruments;    Mathematical    in- 
struments; Mechanical  drawing 


H3 


Drawing-room  plays  see  Amateur  theatricals 
Drawing    room    practice    see    Drafting    room 

practice 
Drawings 

Sec  also  Engravings ;  Etchings 
Drawn  work 

See  also  Fancy  work 
Dreams 

See  also  Apparitions;  Fortune^  telling; 
Nightmare;  Psychology;  Sleep;  Somnam- 
bulism 

Dredging 

See  also  Civil  engineering;  Excavating 
machinery;  Gold  dredging;  Alarine  biology; 
Marine  zoology;  Ocean 

Dress  see  Clothing;   Costume;   Dress   reform; 

Dressmaking 
Dress  reform 

Dressmaking 

.SV^-  also  Garment  cutting;  Needlework; 
Tailoring 


Drift 

See     also     Boulders;     Geology;     Glacial 
period;  Glaciers;  Moraines 
Drill  (military) 

See  also  Artillery  drill  and  tactics;  Cavalry 
drill  and  tactics;  Infantry  drill  and  tactics; 
Military  art  and  science;  Tactics 
Drilling  (earth  and  rock)  see  Boring 
Drilling  (gerforating) 

See  also  Machine  shop  practice 


Drills  and  marches 


Drink  question  see  Liquor  problem 
Drinking  customs 

See    also    Dinners    and    dining;    Eating; 
Temperance;  Toasts 

Drinking  songs 

See  also  College  songs 
Drinks  see  Beverages;  Liquors 
Driving 

See  also  Checkreins ;  Coaches  and  coach- 
ing; Horse;  Horsemanship 

Drop  forging  see  Forging 
Droughts 

See  also  Rain 

Drowning 

See  also  Accidents;  First  aid  in  illness  and 
injury;   Life-saving;   Suspended   animation; 
Swimming 
Drug  habit  see  Narcotic  habit 
Druggists  see  Pharmacists 
Drugs 

See    also    Adulterations;    Dispensatories; 
Materia  medica  ;  Medical  botany  ;  Medicines, 


Refer  from  Drawing;  Pictures 

Refer  from  Fancy  work;  Needlework 

Refer  from  Brain;  Divination;  Fortune 
telling;  Mind  and  body;  Night;  Nightmare; 
Psychology;  Sleep;  Somnambulism;  Super- 
stition; Visions  (s) 

Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Engineering; 
Excavating  machinery;  Harbors;  Hydraulic 
engineering;  Marine  biology;  Marine  zoology; 
Ocean 


Refer  from  Clothing;  Costume;  Dress  (s) ; 
Hygiene 

Refer  from  Clothing;  Costume;  Cutting  (s) ; 
Domestic  arts;  Dress  (s) ;  Fashion;  Garment 
cutting;  Home  economics;  Needlework;  Tai- 
loring; Women  —  Occupations 

Refer  from  Boulders;  Geology;  Glacial 
drift  (s) ;  Glacial  period;  Glaciers;  Moraines 

Refer  from  Military  art  and  science;  Tactics 


Refer  from  Boring  (metal  working,  etc.)  (s) ; 
Machine  shop  practice;  Machine  tools 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Broom  drill  (s) ; 
Entertainments;  Fan  drill  (s) ;  Gymnastics; 
Marches  (exercise)    (s) ;   Tambourine   drill    (s) 


Refer  from  Beverages;  Dinners  and  dining; 
Eating;  Healths,  Drinking  of  (s) ;  Manners 
and  customs;  Temperance 

Refer  from  Songs 

Refer  from   Coaches   and   coaching;   Horse; 
Horsemanship;     Locomotion;     Riding     (s) ; 
Sports 

Refer  from  Meteorology ;  Physical  geography; 
Rain;  VVater  supply;  Weather 

Refer  from  Accidents;  First  aid  in  illness  and 
injury;  Life-saving;  Suspended  animation 


Refer  from  Adulterations;  Materia  medica; 
Medicines   (s) ;   Pharmacognosy    (s) ;   Pharma- 


I  '4 


Proprietary;     Pharmacopoeias;    Piiarmacy;       cology   (s) ;   Piiarmacopoeias ;   Pharmacy ;  Poi- 
Poisons ;    also   special    drugs    and    groups   of       sons ;  Therapeutics 
drugs,   e.g.   Anesthetics,  Antitoxins,  Narcot- 
ics, Stimulants 
Druids 

Sri!' «/j-o  Britons;  Celts;  Mythology,  Celtic  Refer  from   Britons;   Celts;   England  —  An- 

tiquities; Mythology,  Celtic;  Religions 
Drummers  see  Commercial  travelers 
Drunkenness    see    Alcoholism;    Inebriate    asy- 
lums; Liquor  problem;  Temperance 
Druses  .R^-Z^r /row  Religions 

Dry  docks  see  Dock.« 
Dry  fanning 

S^'^  a/.fo  Desert  vegetation ;  Tillage  Refer  from   Agriculture;    Arid    farming    (s) ; 

Desert  vegetation;  Farming,  Dry  (s) ;  Irriga- 
tion ;  Tillage 
Dry  goods 

See    also    Clothing;    Hosiery;    Textile    in-  i?f/rr /row  Textile  industry  and  fabrics 

dustry  and  fabrics 
Dry  rot 

See  also  Wood  —  Preservation  Refer  from  Fungi ;  Plants  —  Diseases  ;  Tim- 

ber; Wood  —  Preserv'ation 
Drying  Refer  from  Bleaching;  Chemical  engineering; 

Cleaning;  Dyes  and  dyeing;  Evaporation 
Dual  personality  see  Personality 
Dualism 

See    also    Manicheism ;    Mind    and  body;  Refer  from  Evil;   Mind  and  body;  Philoso- 

Monism;    Neoplatonism ;    Platonists;    Soul;       phy ;  Zoroastrianism 
Zoroastrianism 
Ducks 

See    also    Game    birds;    Poultry;    Water  Refer   from    Game    birds;    Poultry;    Water 

birds  birds 

Dueling 

See  also  Fencing;  Honor;  Wager  of  battle  Refer  from   Ethics;    Fencing;    Fighting    (s) ; 

Honor;     Manners     and    customs;     Wager    of 
battle 
Duets,  Instrumental  Refer  from    Instrumental    music;    Alusic  — 

Scores  ;  Piano  music  —  Scores 
Duets,  Vocal  Refer  from  Music —  Scores;  Songs 

Dukhobors 

See  also  Russia  —  Religious  history  Refer     from      Doukhobors      (s)  ;      Russia  — 

Religious  history ;  Sects 
Duma  see  Russia  —  Duma 
Dumb  see  Deaf  and  dumb 
Dumb-bells 

See  also  Gymnastics  Refer  from  Gymnastics 

Dunes 

S^f  is/.ro  Physical  geography  Refer   from    Beaches;    Physical    geography; 

Seashore;  Sand  dunes  (s) 
Dungeons  see  Prisons 
Dunkards  see  German  Baptist  brethren 
Dunkers  see  German  Baptist  brethren 
Dust 

See  also  Bacteriology;  House  cleaning  ^("/^r/row  Air  pollution  ;  Bacteriology ;  House 

cleaning;     Hygiene;     Occupations  —  Diseases 
and  hygiene;  Roads 
Dutch  in  the  U.  S.  Refer  from  U.  S. —  Foreign  population 

Dutch  language 

Si'f  a/.vo  Germanic  languages  Refer  from    Germanic   languages;    Low   Ger- 

man language 
Dutch  literature 

.SV('  also  Dutch  poetry  Refer  from  Dutch  poetry 

Dutch  poetry 

See  also  Dutch  literature  Refer  from  Dutch  literature 

Dutch  reformed  church  see   Reformed   church 
in  America 


Duties  see  Tariff 
Duty 

See    also    Conduct    of    life;    Conscience; 
Ethics 
Dwarfs 

Dwellings  see  Architecture,  Domestic;  Housing 

problem 
Dyaks 

See  also  Borneo;  Head-hunters 

Dyeing  see  Dyes  and  dyeing 
Dyes  and  dyeing 

See  also  Bleaching ;  Calico  printing ;  Chem- 
istry, Technical;  Cleaning;  Coal-tar  colors; 
Color;  Drying;  Indigo;  Khaki 


Dyestuffs  see  Dyes  and  dyeing 

Dying  words  see  Last  words  of  famous  people 

D\kes  see  Dikes  (geology);  Embankments 

Dynamics 

See  also  Aerodynamics;  Dynamometer; 
Electrodynamics;  Force  and  energy;  Hy- 
drodynamics; Kinematics;  Matter;  Me- 
chanics; Motion;  Physics;  Rotation;  Stat- 
ics ;  Thermodynamics 

Dynamite 

See  also  Explosives 

Dynamo-electric      machines      see      Dynamos; 
Electric  motors 

Dynamometer 


Dynamos 

See  also  Armatures;  Commutators;  Elec- 
tric motors;  Switchboards 


Dyspepsia 

See  also  Digestion 

Eagles 

See  also  Birds 

Ear 

See  also     Deaf 
Hearing;  Sound 

Early     church     see 
church 

Early  English  language  see  English  language  — 
Middle  English 

Early  J'lnglish  literature  see  English  literature 
—  History  and  criticism  —  Middle  English 

Earth 

See  also  Antarctic  regions;  Arctic  regions; 
Astronomy;  Climate;  Creation;  Deluge; 
Earthquakes  ;  Geochemistry ;  Geodesy  ;  Geog- 
raphy; Geology;  Glacial  period;  Globes; 
Latitude  and  longitude;  Magnetism,  Ter- 
restrial; Meteorology;  Mines  and  mineral 
resources;  North  pole;  Nutation;  Ocean; 
Physical  geography;  Seasons;  South  pole; 
Tropics;  Volcanoes 


and      dumb;      Deafness; 
Church     history  —  Early 


Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Ethics 

Refer  from    Man;    Monsters;    Pigmies    (s) ; 
Pygmies  (s) 


^^/i?r /row  Borneo;  Dayaks  (s) ;  Head-hunt- 
ers ;  Kayans  (s) 


Refer  from  Bleaching;  Calico  printing; 
Chemistry,  Technical;  Cleaning;  Coal-tar 
colors;  Color;  Cotton;  Dyeing  (s) ;  Dye- 
stuffs  (s) ;  Industrial  arts;  Pigments  (s) ; 
Scouring  (s) ;  Textile  industry  and  fabrics; 
Wool 


Refer  from  Force  and  energy;  Kinematics; 
Kinetics  (s) ;  Matter;  Mechanics;  Motion; 
Physics;  Rotation;  Statics 


Refer  from  Explosives 


Refer    from     Dynamics;     Electric     testing; 
Force  and  energy;  Power;  Prony  brake  (s) 


Refer  from  Armatures;  Commutators;  Dy- 
namo-electric machines  (s) ;  Electric  apparatus 
and  appliances;  Electric  engineering;  Electric 
generators  (s) ;  Electric  machinery;  Electric 
motors;  Electricity;  Generators,  Electric  (s) ; 
Machine  shop  practice;  Motors 

Refer  from  Diet;  Digestion;  Indigestion  (s) ; 
Medicine  —  Practice 


Refer  from  Birds 

Refer    from     Anatomy;     Deafness; 
Hearing;  Otology  (s) ;  Sound 


Head; 


Refer  from  Astronomy ;  Creation  ;  Geography ; 
Geology;  Nature;  Physical  geography;  Plan- 
ets; Universe;  World  (s) 


ii6 


Earth  —  Continued 
Age 

See  also  Creation;  Geology 
Figure 

SV^  also  Geodesy 
Rotation 

Temperature 

Earth  worms  see  Earthworms 
Earthenware  see  Pottery 
Earthquakes 

See  also  Geolog}' ;  Physical  geography; 
Volcanoes 

Earths,  Rare,  see  Rare  earths 
Earthwork 

See   also    Civil    engineering;    Dams;    Em- 
bankments;     Excavation;      Eortiiication ; 
Eoundations;  Tunnels;  Walls 
Earthworks  (archaeology) 

See  also  Archaeology;  Mounds  and  mound 
builders 
Earthworms 
Easements 

See  also  Eminent  domain  ;  Real  estate 

East 

See  also  Asia  ;  Levant 

Easter 

See  also  Carols;  Jesus  Christ —  Resurrec- 
tion and  ascension;  Lent 

Eastern  churches 

See    also    Coptic    church;    Greek    church; 
NestorianS 
Eastern  empire  see  Byzantine  empire 
Eastern  question  (Central  Asia) 

See  also  Asia,  Central;  British  in  Asia 
(Central);  Russians  in  Asia  (Central); 
Tibet;  Turkestan 

Eastern  question  (Far  East) 

See  also  Boxers;  China;  Chinese-Japanese 
war,  1894-1895  ;  Japan  ;  Korea  ;  Manchuria  ; 
Russo-Japanese  war,  1904-1905 

Eastern  question  (Near  East) 

See  also  Balance  of  power;  Balkan  penin- 
sula; Crimean  war;  Panislamism  ;  Panslav- 
ism  ;Russia —  Foreign  relations  ;  Russo-Turk- 
ish  war,  1877-1878;  Turkey — Foreign  rela- 
tions 
Eating 

.SV^"  also  Breakfasts;  Cookery;  Diet; 
Dinners  and  dining;  Drinking  customs; 
Food;  Luncheons;  Menus;  Tabic 

Eccentricity 

Ecclesiastical  antiquities  see  Christian  antiqui- 
ties 

Ecclesiastical  architecture  see  Church  archi- 
tecture 

Ecclesiastical  art  see  Christian  art  and  sym- 
bolism 


Refer  from  Geology 

Rfrr  from  Figure  of  the  earth  (s) ;  Geodesy 
Rier  from   Pendulum;    Rotation;    Rotation 
of  the  earth  (s) 

Refer  from  Heat;  Temperature 


Refer  from  Disasters;  Earth;  Geology; 
Physical  geography;  Seismology  (s) ;  Vol- 
canoes 


Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Embankments; 
Engineering;  Excavation;  Fortification;  Foun- 
dations ;  Railroads  ;  Railroads  —  Construction 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Excavations  (s) ; 
Mounds  and  mound  builders 

Refer  from  Earth  worms  (s) ;  Worms 

Refer  from  Deeds;  Eminent  domain;  Land; 
Law;  Real  estate;  Trespass 

Refer  frotn  Asia;  Far  East  (s) ;  Levant; 
Orient  (s) 

Refer  from  Christian  year;  Fasts  and  feasts; 
Holy  week;  Jesus  Christ;  Jesus  Christ  — 
Resurrection  and  ascension;  Lent 

Refer  from  Church  history;  Coptic  church; 
Greek  church;  Nestorians 


Refer  from  Asia,  Central;  British  in  Asia 
(Central);  British  in  India;  International 
relations;  Russians  in  Asia  (Central);  Tibet; 
Turkestan 

Refer  from  Boxers;  China;  Chinese  ques- 
tion (s) ;  Far-eastern  question  (s) ;  Interna- 
tional relations;  Japan;  Korea;  Manchuria; 
Yellow  peril  (s) 

Refer  from  Balance  of  power;  Balkan  penin- 
sula; Balkan  question  (s) ;  Europe — Politics; 
International  relations;  Russia  —  Foreign  re- 
lations; Turkey —  Foreign  relations 


Refer  from  Dinners  and  dining;  Drinking 
customs;  Food;  Gastronomy  (s) ;  Manners  and 
customs;  Meals  (s) ;  Tabic 

Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Insanity; 
Psychology 


"7 


Ecclesiastical     biography    see    Christian    biog- 
raphy 
Ecclesiastical   ceremonies   see   Rites   and   cere- 
monies 
Ecclesiastical  costume  see  Church  vestments 
Ecclesiastical   fasts   and   feasts   see   Fasts    and 

feasts 
Ecclesiastical  furniture  see  Church  furniture 
Ecclesiastical  history  see  Church  history 
Ecclesiastical  law  see  Church  law 
Ecclesiastical  polity  see  Church  polity 
Ecclesiastical  statistics  see  Church  statistics 
I'lcclesiastical  vestments  see  Church  vestments 
Echinodermata 

See  also  Invertebrates 
Eclectic  medicine  see  Medicine,  Eclectic 
Eclipses 

iS^^  also  Astronomy;  Astronomy,  Spherical 
and    practical;    Moon;    Occultations ;    Sun; 
Transits 
Eclogues  see  Pastoral  poetry 
Ecology 

See  also  Acclimatization;  Acclimatization 
(plants) ;  Adaptation  (biology) ;  Environ- 
ment; Geographical  distribution  of  animals 
and  plants;  Seeds  —  Dispersal 


Economic  botany  see  Botany,  Economic 
Economic   conditions   see   names   of   countries, 

subhead  Economic  conditions 
Economic  determinism 

See  also  Socialism 


Economic    entomology    see    Insects,    Injurious 
and  beneficial 

Economic    geography    see    Commercial  geog- 
raphy 

Economic  geology  see  Geology,  Economic 

Economic  zoology  see  Zoology,  Economic 

Economics 

See  also  Apprentices;  Balance  of  trade; 
Banks  and  banking;  Business;  Business 
depression;  Capital;  Charities;  Combina- 
tion, Industrial;  Commerce;  Communica- 
tion; Communism;  Competition;  Consump- 
tion (economics) ;  Cooperation  ;  Corn  laws  ; 
Cost;  Cost  of  living;  Credit;  Debts,  Public; 
Economic  determinism;  Efficiency,  Industri- 
al; Exchange;  Factory  system;  Finance; 
Food  supply;  Gilds;  Government  owner- 
ship; Government  regulation  of  industry; 
Home  economics;  Income;  Individualism; 
Industry;  Interest;  Investments;  Labor 
and  capital;  Labor  and  laboring  classes; 
Labor  unions;  Land;  Land  tenure;  Leisure 
class;  Luxury;  Manufactures;  Money; 
Monopolies;  Panics;  Physiocrats;  Poor; 
Population;  Precious  metals;  Prices;  Privi- 
leged classes;  Profit ;  Profit  sharing;  Proper- 
ty; Prosperity;  Rent;  Salaries;  Socialism; 
Speculation;  Standard  of  living;  Statistics; 
Stock  exchange;  Stocks;  Strikes  and  lock- 
outs; Sumptuary  laws;  Supply  and  de- 
mand;   Tariff;    Tariff    question;    Taxation; 


Refer  from  Invertebrates;  Marine  zoology 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Astronomy,  Spheri- 
cal and  practical;  Lunar  eclipses  (s) ;  Moon; 
Solar  eclipses  (s) ;  Sun 


Refer  from  Acclimatization;  Acclimatization 
(plants);  Adaptation  (biology);  Biology;  Bio- 
nomics (s) ;  Botany — Ecology  (s) ;  Environ- 
ment; Geographical  distribution  of  animals 
and  plants;  Natural  history;  OEcology  (s) ; 
Zoology 


Refer  from  Determinism,  Economic  (s) ; 
Economics;  Historic  materialism  (s) ;  History 
—  Philosophy;  Progress;  Socialism 


Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Business; 
Capital;  Commerce;  Consumption  (econom- 
ics); Distribution  of  wealth  (s) ;  Exchange; 
Finance;  Government;  Individualism;  In- 
dustry; Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Political 
economy  (s) ;  Prices;  Production  (s) ;  Profit; 
Rent;  Science;  Social  science  (s) ;  Socialism; 
Sociology;  Supply  and  demand;  Tariff; 
Tariff  question;  Taxation;  Wages;  Wealth 


ii8 


Thrift;  Transportation;  Trusts;  Unearned 
increment;  Unemployed;  Value;  Watjes; 
Wealth;  also  names  of  countries,  subhead 
Economic  conditions 

Economy  see  Thrift 

Ecstasy  Refer  from  Psychology;  Religion 

Ecumenical  councils  see  Councils  and  synods- 
also  names  of  special  councils 

Eddas 

See  also  Icelandic  literature;  Sagas  Refer  from  Icelandic  literature;  Mythology, 

Norse;    Sacred    books;    Sagas;    Scandinavian 
literature 

Eden 

See  also  Bible  —  Old  Testament  —  Gene-  Refer  from  Bible  —  Old  Testament  —  Gene- 

sis; Fall  of  man  sis;  Fall  of  man;  Garden  of  Eden  (s) ;  Para- 

dise (s) 

Editorials 

S^^  a/j-o  Journalism  Refer  from    Journalism;    Literature;    News- 

papers; Rhetoric 

Education 

See   also    Auxiliary   schools;    Bible    in    the  Refer  from  Boys;  Civilization;  Colleges  and 

schools;  Blind  —  Asylums  and  education;  universities;  Culture;  Girls;  Instruction  (s) ; 
Books  and  reading;  Business  education;  Knowledge;  Learning  (s) ;  Mental  discipline; 
Charity  schools;  Child  study;  Children;  Psychology;  Public  schools;  Scholarship  (s) ; 
Church  and  education ;  Civilization ;  Classi-  Schools;  Self-culture;  Social  problems;  So- 
cal  education;  Coeducation;  College  educa-  ciology ;  Students;  Study;  Teachers;  Teach- 
tion.  Value  of;  Colleges  and  universities;  ing;  Training 
Compulsory  education;  Correspondence 
schools  and  courses;  Country  schools;  Cul- 
ture; Curriculum;  Deaf  and  dumb  —  Asy- 
lums and  education;  Education  and  citizen- 
ship; Education  and  crime;  Education  and 
state;  Education  of  women;  Educational 
associations;  Educators;  Evening  and  con- 
tinuation schools;  Examinations;  Farm 
schools;  Grammar  schools;  High  schools; 
Home  education  ;  Illiteracy ;  Indians  —  Edu- 
cation ;  Industrial  education;  Kindergarten; 
Knowledge;  Lectures  and  lecturing;  Li- 
braries; Libraries  and  schools;  Lyceums; 
Manual  training;  Mechanics'  institutes; 
Memory;  Mental  discipline;  Military  edu- 
cation; Moral  education;  Nature  study; 
Naval  education;  Negroes — Education; 
Normal  schools;  Object  teaching;  Open- 
air  schools;  Overpressure  (education);  Phys- 
ical education;  Private  schools ;  Profession- 
al education;  Psychology;  Psychology, 
Educational;  Public  schools;  Public  schools 
and  religion  ;  Ragged  schools  ;  Reformatories  ; 
Religious  education;  Research;  Scholars; 
Scholarships;  Schools;  Self-culture;  Self- 
government  (in  education);  Seminary  meth- 
od; Students;  Study;  Summer  schools; 
Sunday  schools;  Teachers;  Teaching;  Tech- 
nical education;  Textbooks;  Theological 
schools;  Trade  schools;  University  exten- 
sion; Vacation  schools;  Vocational  educa- 
tion; also  headings  beginning  School,  and 
subhead  Study  and  teaching  under  special 
subjects,  e.g.  Art —  Study  and  teaching 
— Classical,  see  Classical  educatitm 
— Compulsory,  see  Compulsory  education 

Elementary 

See_also   Busy  work;   Children,   Abnor-  Refer    from     Children;     Children —  Educa- 

mal     and    backward;     Country    schools;       tion   (s) ;   Education,   Primary   (s) ;   Education 

119 


Education  —  Continued 

Grammar  schools;  Home  education;  In- 
dustrial education;  Kindergarten ;  Object 
teaching;  Private  schools 

Higher,   see   Classical   education ;    College 

education,  Value  of;  Colleges  and 
universities;  Professional  education; 
Technical  education 

Industrial,  see  Industrial  education 

Medical,  see  Medicine  — •  Study  and  teach- 
ing 

Military,  see  Military  education 

Moral,  see  Moral  education 

Musical,     see     Music  —  Instruction     and 

study 

Naval,  see  Naval  education 

Primary,  see  Education,  Elementary 

Professional,  see  Professional  education 

Religious,  see  Religious  education 

Scientific,  see  Science — -  Study  and  teach- 
ing 

Secondary 

See  also   Academies   (schools) ;  Evening 
and   continuation   schools;   High   schools; 
Private  schools 
Technical,  see  Technical  education 

— u.  s. 

See  also  Colleges  and  univ'ersities  — 
U.  S.;  Public  schools  — U.  S.;  U.  S.— 
Intellectual  life 

Education  and  church  see  Church  and  educa- 
tion 
Education  and  citizenship 

See  also  Education  and  crime;  Illiteracy; 
School  city 
Education  and  crime 
See  also  Illiteracy 

Education  and  state 

See  also  Public  schools;  Research;  Schol- 
arships 
Education  of  children  see  Education,  Element- 
ary; Home  education;  Kindergarten 
Education  of  women 

See  also  Coeducation 


Educational  associations 

Educational  laws  see  School  laws 

Educational  psychology  see  Psychology,  Edu- 
cational 

Educational    societies    see    Educational    asso- 
ciations 

Educators 

See  also  Teachers 

Efficiency,  Industrial 

See  also  Ability ;  Age  limit  of  employment ; 
Executive  ability;  Scientific  management 


Eggs 

See  also  Birds'  eggs;  Cold  storage;  Cook- 
ery—  Eggs;  Embryology;  Poultry 


of  children  (s) ;  Elementary  education  (s) ; 
Grammar  schools;  Primary  education  (s) ; 
Primary  schools  (s) 


Refer  from  Academies  (schools) ;  High 
schools;  Preparatory  schools  (s) ;  Secondary 
education  (s) ;  Secondary  schools  (s) 


Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities  — 
U.  S.;  Public  schools  — U.  S.;  U.  S.— Edu- 
cation (s) ;  U.  S. —  Intellectual  life;  U.  S. — 
Schools  (s) 


Refer  from  Citizenship;  Education;  Illiteracy 


Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Education; 
Education  and  citizenship;  Illiteracy 

Refer  from  Education;  Government;  Public 
schools;  State  and  education  (s) 


Rejer  from  Coeducation;  Colleges  and  uni- 
versities ;  Education  ;  Girls ;  Women ;  Women  — 
Education  (s) 

Refer  from  Education;  Educational  socie- 
ties (s) ;  Societies  ;  Teachers 


Refer  from  Biography;  Educ;.tion;  Teachers 


Refer  from  Ability;  Economics;  Executive 
ability;  Industrial  efficiency  (s) ;  Industry; 
Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Scientific  manage- 
ment 

Refer  from  Animal  products;  Pood;  Poultry 


Egoism 

See  also  Altruism 


Egypt  —  Antiquities 

See  also  Mummies 

History 

Ancient 

Modern 


A\-aiice  ;  Selfishness 


Obelisks  ;  P\Tamids 


Egyptian  language 

See    also    African  languages;   Coptic    lan- 
guage; Hamitic  languages;  Hieroglyphics 
Egyptology  see  Egypt  —  Antiquities 
Eight-hour  day  see  Hours  of  labor 
Eighteenth  century 

See  also  English  literature  —  History  and 
criticism —  Eighteenth      centur}-;      History, 
Modern 
Elasticity 

See  also  Strains  and  stresses;  Strength  of 
materials 

Election  (in  theology)  see  Predestination 
Election  laws 

See  also  Nominations;  Suffrage 

Elections 

See  also  Australian  ballot;  Ballot;  Bri- 
bery; Campaign  funds;  Caucus;  Citizen- 
ship; Election  laws;  Gerrymander;  Nomi- 
nations; Political  corruption;  Primaries; 
Proportional  representation;  Recall;  Rep- 
resentative government  and  representa- 
tion; Suffrage;  Voting  machines 

U.  S.' 

See  also  Campaign  funds  ;  Gerrymander ; 
Nominations;  Political  conventions; 
Presidents  —  U.  S.  —  Election ;  Pri- 
maries ;  Senators  —  U.  S. —  Election 

Elective  franchise  see  Suffrage 
Electric  apparatus  and  appliances 

See  also  Armatures;  Coherers;  Condens- 
ers (electricity);  Dynamos;  Electric  bat- 
teries; Electric  bells;  Electric  furnaces; 
Electric  gas  lighting;  Electric  lamps;  Elec- 
tric machinery;  Electric  meters;  Electric 
motors;  Electric  toys;  Electric  transform- 
ers; Electricity  in  mining;  Electricity  in 
the  home;  Electricity  on  the  farm;  Electro- 
magnets; Fans,  Electric;  Fire  alarms; 
Gahanometer;  Induction  coils;  Rheostats; 
Switchboards 
Electric  arc 

See  also  Electric  lamps 

Electric  armatures  see  Armatures 
Electric  batteries 

See  also  Storage  batteries 


Electric  bells 


Refer  from  Altruism;  Avarice;  Conduct  of 
life;  Ethics;  Hedonism;  Philosophy;  Selfish- 
ness 


Refer     from     Egyptology      (s) ; 
Obelisks;  Pyramids 


Mummies ; 


Refer  from  African  languages;   Hamitic  lan- 
guages; Hieroglyphics 


Refer  from  Europe 
History,  Modern 


History  —  1492-1789; 


Refer  from  Compressibility;  Matter;  Me- 
chanics; Physics;  Statics;  Strains  and  stresses; 
Strength  of  materials 


Refer  from  Elections;  Law;  Nominations; 
Registration  laws  (s) ;  Suffrage 

Refer  from  Ballot;  Caucus;  Corrupt  prac- 
tices at  elections  (s) ;  Government;  Nomina- 
tions; Politics;  Primaries;  Representative 
government  and  representation;  Suffrage; 
Voting  (s) 


Refer  from  Campaigns,  Presidential  (s) ; 
Presidential  campaigns  (s) ;  Presidential  elec- 
tions (s) ;  Presidents  —  U.  S. —  Election  ;  U.  S. 

—  Elections    (s) ;    U.  S. —  Government;    U.  S. 

—  Politics 


Refer    from     Electric    engineering: 
machinery;  Instruments 


Electric 


Refer  from  Arc,   Electric  (s) ;  Arc  light   (s) ; 
Electric  lighting;  Voltaic  arc  (s) 


Refer  from  Batteries  (electric)  (s) ;  Cell, 
Voltaic  (s) ;  Electric  apparatus  and  appliances; 
Electric  cells  (s) ;  Electrochemistry;  Gah^anic 
batteries  (s) ;  Primary  batteries  (s) ;  Storage 
batteries;  Voltaic  cell  (s) 

Refer  from  Bells;  Electric  apparatus  and 
appliances;  Electricity  in  the  home 


Electric  boats  see  Jvlotor  boats 
Electric  cables 

See     also     Cables,     Submarine;     Electric 
wire     and     wiring;     Electricity — Distribu- 
tion; Insulation 
Electric  carriages  see  Automobiles 
Electric  cells  see  Electric  batteries 
Electric    condensers  see    Condensers    (electric- 

ity) 
Electric  conductivity 

See    also     Electric     conductors;     Electric 
measurement;  Electric  resistance 
Electric  conductors 

See   also    Electric   cables;    Electric    power 
transmission;     Electric     wire     and     wiring; 
Electricity  —  Distribution;    Lightning   con- 
ductors 
Electric  controllers 

See  also  Electric  motors ;  Rheostats 

Electric  current  converters 

See  also  Electric  transformers 

Electric  currents 

See  also  Electric  conductivity;  Electric 
conductors;  Electric  measurement;  Electric 
meters;  Electric  power  transmission;  Elec- 
tric testing;  Electric  transformers;  Elec- 
tricity —  Distribution ;     Electrodynamics 

Alternating 

See   also    Electric    power    transmission; 
Electric     waves;     Electricity  —  Distribu- 
tion 
Electric  discharges  through  gases 

See    also     Cathode     rays;     Ionization     of 
gases;  Ra'dioactivity ;  X  rays 
Electric     distribution     see     Electricity — Dis- 
tribution 
Electric  driving 

See  also  Electric  motors;  Electric  power; 
Electric  power  transmission;  Electricity  — 
Distribution 

Electric  engineering 

See  also  Armatures;  Dynamos;  Electric 
apparatus  and  appliances;  Electric  heating; 
Electric  lighting;  Electric  machinery;  Elec 
trie  meters;  Electric  motors;  Electric 
power  transmission;  Electric  railroads; 
Electricians;  Electricity;  Electricity — -Dis- 
tribution; Electricity  in  mining;  Hydro- 
electric plants;  Power  plants,  Electric; 
Telautograph;  Telegraph;  Telephone;  Wire- 
less telegraphy 

Electric  fans  see  Fans,  Electric 

Electric  furnaces 

See  also  Electric  heating;  Electrometal- 
lurgy 

Electric  gas  lighting 


Electric  generators  see  Dynamos 
Electric  heating 

See  also  Electric  furnaces 


Refer  from  Cables;  Electric  conductors; 
Electric  wire  and  wiring;  Electricity  —  Dis- 
tribution; Insulation 


Refer  from  Conductivity,  Electric  (s) ;  Elec- 
tric currents;  Electric  resistance 

Refer  from  Conductors,  Electric  (s) ;  Electric 
conductiv^ity ;  Electric  currents;  Electric  power 
transmission;  Electric  wire  and  wiring;  Elec- 
tricity—Distribution; Wiring,  Electric  (s) 

Refer  from  Controllers,  Electric  (s) ;  Electric 
machinery;  Electric  motors;  Rheostats 

Refer  from  Converters,  Electric  (s) ;  Electric 
machinery;  Electric  transformers 

Refer  from  Currents  (s) ;  Electric  potential  (s) ; 
Electric  transformers;  Electricity — Distribu- 
tion; Electrodynamics 


Refer  from  Alternating  currents  (s) ;  Currents, 
Alternating  (s) ;  Electric  waves;  Induction 
coils;  Polyphase  currents  (s) 

Refer  from  Cathode  rays;  Electrons;  Gases; 
Ionization  of  gases ;  Ions ;  X  rays 


Refer  from  Electric  machinery;  Electric 
motors;  Electric  power;  Electric  power  trans- 
mission; Electricity — -Distribution;  Machine 
tools 

Refer  from  Electric  machinery;  Engineering; 
Engineering,  Electrical  (s) ;  Industrial  arts; 
Machinery;  Mechanical  engineering 


Refer  from  Electric  apparatus  and  appliances  ; 
Electric  heating;  Electric  smelting  (s) ;  Elec- 
trochemistry; Electrometallurgy;  Furnaces 

Refer  from  Electric  apparatus  and  appliances  ; 
Electric  ignition  of  gas  (s) ;  Electric  lighting; 
Gas  lighting 


Refer   from    Electric    engineering;    Electric 
furnaces;  Electricity  in  the  home;  Heating 


Electric  ignition  of  gas  see  Electric  gas  lighting 
Electric  insulation  see  Insulation 
Electric  lamps 

See  also  Electric  liehting 


Electric  launches  see  Motor  boats 
Electric  light  see  Electric  lighting 
Electric  light  carbons 

Electric  lighting 

See  also  Electric  arc;  Electric  gas  lighting; 
Electric  lamps;  Electric  light  carbons;  Elec- 
tric meters;  Electric  wire  and  wiring;  Elec- 
tricity —  Distribution  ;  Photometry  ;  Search- 
lights; Switchboards 
Electric  locomotives 

See  also  Railroads  —  Electrification 


Electric  machinery 

See  also  Commutators ;  Dynamos ;  Elec- 
tric apparatus  and  appliances;  Electric  con- 
trollers; Electric  current  converters;  Elec- 
tric driving;  Electric  engineering;  Electric 
motors;  Electric  transformers;  Electricity 
in  mining;  Electricity  on  the  farm 

Alternating  current 

Electric  measurement 

See  also  Electric  meters;  Electric  resist- 
ance; Electric  testing;  Galvanometer;  In- 
ductance 

Electric  meters 

See  also  Electric  measurement;  Electric 
testing;  Wattmeter 


Electric  mining  see  Electricity  in  mining 
Electric  motors 

See   also   Armatures;    Commutators;   D\'- 

namos ;  Electric  controllers  ;  Electric  driving ; 

Electric    locomotives;    Electric    machiner\'; 

Electric  power;  Electric  transformers 


P'.lectric  plants  see  Power  plants,  Electric 

Electric  potential  see  Electric  currents;  Elec- 
trornotive  force;  Electrostatics;  Potential, 
Theory  of 

Electric  power 

See  also  Electric  driving;  Electric  motors; 
Electric  power  transmission;  Electric'ty  — 
Distribution;  Power  plants,  Electric 

Electric  power  distribution  see  Electric  power 
transmission;  Electricity —  Distribution 

Electric  power  plants  see  Power  plants,  Electric 

Electric  power  transmission 

See  also  Electric  conductors ;  Electric 
driving;  Electric  power;  Electricity — Dis- 
tribution; Hydro-electric  plants;  Power 
plants.  Electric;  Power  transmission 


Refer  from  Arc  lamps  (s) ;  Electric  apparatus 
and  appliances;  Electric  arc;  Electric  lighting; 
Incandescent  lamps  (s) ;  Lamps 


Refer  from  Carbon ;  Carbons  (electric 
light)  (s) ;  Electric  lighting 

Refer  from  Arc  light  (s)  ;  Electric  engineering ; 
Electric  lamps  ;  Electric  light  (s) ;  Incandescent 
lighting  (s) ;  Lighting 


Refer  from  Electric  motors;  Electric  rail- 
roads; Locomotives;  Railroads  —  Electrifica- 
tion 

Refer  from  Continuous  current  machin- 
ery (s) ;  Electric  apparatus  and  appliances ; 
Electric  engineering;  Electric  motors;  Machin- 
ery 


Refer  from  Alternating  current  machinery  (s) 

Refer  from  Electric  conductivity;  Electric 
currents;  Electric  meters;  Electric  resistance; 
Electric  testing ;  Galvanometer ;  Units  ;  Weights 
and  measures 

Refer  from  Electric  apparatus  and  appliances; 
Electric  currents;  Electric  engineering;  Elec- 
tric lighting;  Electric  measurement;  Electric 
testing;  Meters  (s) 


Refer  from  Commutators;  Dynamo-electric 
machines  (s) ;  Dynamos;  Electric  apparatus 
and  appliances;  Electric  controllers;  Electric 
driving;  Electric  engineering;  Electric  machin- 
ery ;  Electric  power ;  Electric  railroads  ;  Electro- 
motors (s) ;  Induction  motors  (s) ;  Alotors 


Refer  from  Electric  driving;  Electric  motors; 
Electric    power    transmission;    Electricity  — 
Distribution;  Power;  Power  plants,  Electric 


Refer  from  Electric  conductors;  Electric 
currents;  Electric  currents.  Alternating;  Elec- 
tric driving;  Electric  engineering;  Electric 
power;  Electric  power  distribution  (s) ;  Elec- 
tric transmission  of  power  (s) ;  Electricity  — 
Distribution;  Hydro-electric  plants;  Power 
plants,  Electric;  Power  transmission;  Trans- 
mission of  power  (s) 


123 


Electric  railroads 

See  also  Electric  locomotives;  Electric 
motors;  Railroads  —  Electrification;  Rail- 
roads—  Single  rail;  Rapid  transit;  Street 
railroads ;  Suspended  railways 


Electric  resistance 

See  also  Electric  conductivity;  Electric 
measurement;  Electric  testing;  Insulation; 
Rheostats 

Electric  rheostats  see  Rheostats 

Electric  smelting  see   Electric   furnaces;    Elec- 
trometallurgy 

Electric  stations  see  Power  plants.  Electric 

Electric  street  railroads  see  Electric  railroads 

Electric  switchboards  see  Switchboards 

Electric  telegraph  see  Telegraph 

Electric  testing 

See  also  Dynamometer;  Electric  measure- 
ment; Electric  meters;  Electric  resistance 

Electric  toys 

Electric  tramways  see  Electric  railroads 

Electric  transformers 

See  also  Electric  current  converters; 
Electric  currents;  Electricity — Distribu- 
tion; Induction  coils 


Electric    transmission    of    power    see    Electric 
power  transmission 

Electric  treatment  see  Electrotherapeutics 

Electric  waves 

See  also   Coherers;   Electric   currents,   Al- 
ternating; Wireless  telegraphy 

Electric  welding  see  Welding 
Electric  wire  and  wiring 

See  also  Electric  cables;  Electric  conduc- 
tors;  Electricity — Distribution;   Insulation 


Electric  wiring  see  Electric  wire  and  wiring 

Electrical  see  Electric 

Electricians 

Electricity 

See  also  Armatures;  Atmospheric  electric- 
ity; Dynamos;  Electrons;  Inductance; 
Induction  coils;  Insulation;  Ionization  of 
gases;  Ions;  Lightning;  Magnetism;  Mi- 
crophone ;  Phonograph  ;  Radioactivity ;  Tele- 
graph ;  Telephone;  Telpherage;  Wireless 
telegraphy;  X  rays;  also  headings  beginning 
Electric  and  Electro 

Animal,  see  Electrophysiology 

Atmospheric,  see  Atmospheric  electricity 

D  istribution 

See  also  Electric  cables  ;  Electric  conduc- 
tors ;  Electric  currents;  Electric  driving; 
Electric  power;  Electric  power  transmis- 
sion; Electric  transformers;  Electric  wire 
and  wiring  ;  Power  plants,  Electric  ;  Switch- 
boards 


Refer  from  Electric  engineering;  Electric 
street  railroads  (s) ;  Electric  tramways  (s); 
Interurban  railroads  (s) ;  Railroads;  Rail- 
roads, Electric  (s) ;  Railroads  —  Electrifica- 
tion ;  Rapid  transit;  Street  railroads;  Trans- 
portation; Trolley  lines  (s) 

Refer  from  Electric  conductivity;  Electric 
measurement;  Electric  testing;  Insulation; 
Resistance,  Electric  (s) ;  Rheostats 


Refer  from  Electric  currents;  Electric  meas- 
urement; Electric  meters  ;  Electric  resistance  ; 
Testing  (s) 

Refer  from  Electric  apparatus  and  appliances  ; 
Toys 


Refer  from  Electric  apparatus  and  appliances  ; 
Electric  current  converters;  Electric  currents; 
Electric  machinery ;  Electric  motors  ;  Electric- 
ity— -Distribution;  Induction  coils;  Trans- 
formers (s) 


Refer  from  Electric  currents,  Alternating; 
Hertzian  waves  (s) ;  Interference  (light); 
Waves;  Wireless  telegraphy 


Refer  from  Electric  cables;  Electric  con- 
ductors; Electric  lighting;  Electric  wiring  (s) ; 
Electricity  —  Distribution;  Insulation;  ^Iunic- 
ipal  improvement;  Telegraph;  Telephone; 
Wire;  Wiring,  Electric  (s) 

Refer  from  Biography;  Electric  engineering; 
Scientists 

Refer  from  Electric  engineering;  Electro- 
statics; Galvanism  (s) ;  Lightning;  Magnetism; 
Physics;  Voltaic  electricity  (s) 


Refer  from  Distribution  of  electricity  (s) ; 
Electric  cables;  Electric  conductors;  Electric 
currents;  Electric  currents,  Alternating;  I'^lec- 
tric  distribution  (s) ;  Electric  driving ;  Electric 
engineering;  Electric  lighting;  Electric  power; 
Electric  power  distribution  (s) ;  Electric  power 


124 


Electricity  —  Continued 


Experiments 

Medical,  see  Electrotherapeutics 

Electricity  in  agriculture  see  Electricity  on  the 
farm 

Electricity  in  horticulture  see  Electrohorticul- 
ture 

Electricity  in  medicine  see  Electrotherapeutics 

Electricity  in  mining 

See  also  Mining  engineering;  Mining  ma- 
chinery 


Electricity  in  the  home 

See  also  Electric  bells  ;  I^lectric  heating 

Electricity  on  the  farm 

■SV^  also  Electricity  in  the  home;  Electro- 
horticulture;  Farm  implements  and  machin- 
ery; Farm  motors 

Electricution  see  Electrocution 

Electrification    of    railroads    see    Railroads — 
Electrification 

Electrobiology  see  Electrophysiology 

Electrochemistry 

See  also  Chemistry,  Physical ;  Dissociation  ; 
Electric  batteries;  Electric  furnaces;  Elec- 
trolysis; Electrolytes;  Electrometallurgy; 
Electromotive  force;  Ions 

Electroculture  of  plants  see  Electrohorticulture 

Electrocution 

Electrodeposition  of   metals  see  Electrometal- 
lurgy; Electroplating 
Electrodynamics 

See  also  Electric  currents;  Inductance 
Electrogalvanizing  see  Galvanizing 
Electrohorticulture 


Electrolysis 

See   also   Chemistry,   Physical;    Corrosion 
and    anti-corrosives ;    Dissociation  ;    Electro- 
chemistry; Electrolytes;  Electrometallurgy; 
Ions 
Electrolytes 

See    also    Electrochemistry;    Electrolysis; 
Ions 
Electromagnets 

See  also  Armatures;  Commutators;  In- 
duction coils 

Electrometallurgy 

See  also  Cyanide  process  ;  Electric  furnaces  ; 
Electrochemistry;  Electrolysis;  Electroplat- 
ing; Electrotyping;  Magnetic  separation  of 
ores ;  Metallurgy 


Electromotive  force 

Electromotors  see  Electric  motors 


transmission;    Electric    transformers;    Electric 
wire  and  wiring 

Refer  from  Experiments  (s) ;  Physics  —  Ex- 
periments 


Refer  from  Electric  apparatus  and  appliances  ; 
Electric  engineering ;  Electric  machinery  ;  Elec- 
tric mining  (s) ;  Mining  engineering;  Mining 
machinery 

Refer  from  Electric  apparatus  and  appliances  ; 
Electricity  on  the  farm;  Home  economics 

Refer  from  Agriculture;  Electric  apparatus 
and  appliances  ;  Electric  machinery  ;  Electricity 
in  agriculture  (s) ;  Farm  implements  and 
machinery;  Farm  motors 


Refer  from  Chemistry;  Chemistry,  Physical; 
Chemistry,  Technical ;  Dissociation  ;  Electroly- 
sis; Electrolytes;  Electrometallurgy;  Ions 


Refer  from   Capital   punishment;    Electricu- 
tion (s) 


Refer  from  Dynamics;  Electric  currents 

Refer  from  Electricity  in  horticulture  (s) ; 
Electricity  on  the  farm;  Electroculture  of 
plants  (s) ;  Floriculture;  Gardening 

Refer  from  Chemistry  —  Analysis;  Chemis- 
try, Physical;  Dissociation;  Electrochemistry; 
Electrolytes;  Electrometallurgy;  Ions;  Solu- 
tion (chemistry) 

Refer  from  Dissociation;  Electrochemistry; 
Electrolysis ;  Ions 

Refer  from  Armatures;  Electric  apparatus 
and  appliances;  Hoisting  machinery;  Induc- 
tion coils;  Magnetism 

Refer  from  Electric  furnaces;  Electric  smelt- 
ing (s) ;  Electrochemistry;  Electrodeposition 
of  metals  (s) ;  Electrolysis;  Electroplating; 
I"".lectrotyping;  Galvanoplasty  (s) ;  Metallurgy  ; 
Ore  treatment;  Smelling 


Refer  from    Electric    potential    (s) 
chemistry;  Force  and  energy 


Elcctro- 


125 


Electrons 

See  also  Cathode  rays;  Electric  discharges 
through  gases;  Ions;  Radioactivity 

Electrophysiology 

See  also  Muscles;  Nerves;  Ner\-ous  system 


Electroplating 

Si-f  also  Electrometallurgy;  Galvanizing 


Electrostatics 

See  also  Condensers  (electricity) ;  Electric- 
ity; Potential,  Theory  of 

Electrotherapeutics 

See  also  Radiotherapy 


Electrotyping 

See  also   Electrometallurgy;    Stereotyping 

Elegiac  poetry 

Elementary  education  see  Education,  Elemen- 
tary; Kindergarten 
Elements,    Chemical,    see    Chemical    elements 
Elements,  Worship  of 

See  also  Fire  worship;  Nature  worship 
Elephants 

See  also  Ivory;  Mammals;  Mammoths 
Eleusinian  mysteries 

See  also  Mythology,  Classical 

Elevated  railroads 

See  also  Rapid  transit 

Elevations  see  Altitudes 
Elevators 

See  also  Hoisting  machinery 

Elevators,  Grain,  see  Grain  elevators 
Elixir  of  life 

See  also  Alchemy;  Philosopher's  stone 

Elizabethan  age  see  England  —  History  — 
Elizabethan  period;  English  literature — ■ 
History  and  criticism  —  Elizabethan  period  ; 
Shakespeare,  William  —  Contemporary  Eng- 
land 

Elizabethan  literature  see  English  literature  — 
History  and  criticism  —  Elizabethan  period 

Ellipse 

See  also  Conic  sections 

Elliptic  functions  see  Functions 

Elocution 

See  also  Acting;  Debating;  Delsarte  s)s- 
tem ;  Eloquence;  Expression;  Gesture;  Or- 
atory; Preaching  ;  Pronunciation  ;  Reading; 
Recitations  and  readings;  Rhetoric;  Singing 
and  voice  culture;  Ventriloquism;  Voice 

Eloquence 

See  also  Elocution  ;  Oratory 
Elves  see  Fairies 


Refer  from  Atoms;  Cathode  rays;  Dissocia- 
tion; Electricity;  Ions;  Magneto-optics;  Mat- 
ter ;  Radioactivity 

Refer  from  Animal  electricity  (s) ;  Biology; 
Electricity,  Animal  (s) ;  Electrobiology  (sj ; 
Nervous  system;  Physiology;  Zoology 

Refer  from  Electrodeposition  of  metals  (s) ; 
Electrometallurgy;  Galvanizing;  Galvano- 
plasty  (s) ;  Gilding;  Plating;  Silver-plating  (sJ ; 
Silverplating  (s) 

Refer  from  Condensers  (electricity);  Electric 
potential  (s) ;  Physics;  Static  electricity  (s) ; 
Statics 

Refer  from  Electric  treatment  (s) ;  Electric- 
ity, Medical  (s) ;  Electricity  in  medicine  (s) ; 
Medical  electricity  (s) ;  Therapeutics 

Refer    frovi     Electrometallurgy;     Galvano- 
plasty  (s) ;  Printing;  Stereotyping 
Refer  from  Poetry 


Refer  jrom  Nature  worship;  Worship 

Refer  from  Hunting;  Mammals 

Refer fro7n  Mysteries  (religious);  M\-thology, 
Classical 

Refer  from  Railroads  ;  Railroads,  Elevated  (s) ; 
Rapid  transit ;  Street  railroads 


Refer  from  High  buildings;  Hoisting  machin- 
ery; Lifts  (s) 


Refer  from   Alchemy;   Medicine,    Medieval; 
Philosopher's  stone 


Refer  from  Conic  sections 


Refer  from  Debating;  Declamation  (s) ; 
Dramatic  expression  (s) ;  Eloquence;  Expres- 
sion ;  Cjesture  ;  Language  ;  Oratory  ;  Preaching; 
Reading;  Rhetoric;  Speaking  (s) ;  Speech; 
Voice 


Refer  from  Elocution;  Oratory;  Rhetoric 


126 


Emancipation      see      Catholic      emancipation; 

Sia\"er}' ;  Women  —  Social  condition 
Embalming 

See  also  Mummies 

Embankments 

^ce    also    Ci\il    engineering;    Earthwork; 
Sea  walls 


Embargo  laws 

Hce  also  U.  S.  —  History — 1783-1812 


Embezzlement 

See  also  Forgery 


Emblems 

See    also    Christian    art    and    symbolism ; 
Devices;  Insignia;  Mottoes;  Symbolism 
Embossing 
Embroidery 

See  also  Fancy  work;  Needlework 


Embryology 

See  also  Biology;  Botany  —  Embryology; 
Cells;  Parthenogenesis;  Protoplasm;  Re- 
production 

Emergencies  see  Accidents;  First  aid  in  illness 
and  injury 

Emigration  see  Immigration  and  emigration 

Eminent  domain 

See  also  Cemeteries;  Constitutional  law; 
Damages;  Easements;  Alunicipal  corpora- 
tions; Police  power;  Public  service  corpora- 
tions ;  Roads 


Emmanuel  movement 

See  also  Medicine  and  religion 


Emotions 

See  also  Anger;  Enthusiasm;  Envy;  Eth- 
ics;    Expression;     Fear;     Hate;     Jealousy; 
Joy;    Laughter;    Love;    Melancholy;    Pain; 
Pleasure;  Psychology;  Sympathy 
Emperors 

See  also  Kings  and  rulers  ;  Roman  emperors 

Empiricism 

See  also  Pragmatism 
I'.mplojces'  welfare  see  Industrial  betterment 
Employers'  associations 

See  also  Blacklisting;  Combination,  In- 
dustrial; I'rade  agreements 

Employers'  liability 

See  also  Accidents;  Damages;  Factory 
inspection;  Factory  laws;  Insurance,  Acci- 
dent;   Labor    laws;    Master    and    servant; 


Refer  from  Burial;  Death;  Mortuary  cus- 
toms (s) ;  Mummies 

Refer  from  Canals;  Civil  engineering;  Dams; 
Dikes  (engineering)  (s) ;  Dykes  (s) ;  Earth- 
work; Engineering;  H\-draulic  engineering; 
Levees  (s) ;  Rivers;  Sea  walls 

Refer  from  Commerce;  International  law; 
U.  S. —  Commerce;  U.  S. —  History —  1783- 
1812 

Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Defalca- 
tion (s) ;  Forgery;  Larceny;  Stealing  (s) ; 
Theft  (s) ;  Thieves 

Refer  from    Christian    art    and    symbolism; 
Devices;  Heraldry;  Literature;  Symbolism 
Refer  from  Printing 

Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Decoration  and 
ornament;  Domestic  arts;  Fancy  work; 
Needlework;  Stitches  (s) ;  Textile  industry 
and  fabrics 

Refer  frovi  Biology;  Cells;  Development  (s) ; 
Eggs;  Evolution;  Morphology;  Physiology; 
Protoplasm  ;  Reproduction  ;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Appraising;  Arbitration  and 
award  ;  Cemeteries  ;  Condemnation  of  land  (s) ; 
Constitutional  law;  Damages;  Domain,  Emi- 
nent (s) ;  Easements;  Expropriation  (s) ; 
Land;  Land  tenure;  Law;  Police  power; 
Property;  Public  service  corporations;  Rail- 
roads; Real  estate;  Roads 

Refer  from.  Church  and  healing  (s) ;  Faith 
cure;  Medicine  and  religion;  Mental  healing; 
Mind  and  body;  Suggestive  therapeutics; 
Therapeutics 

Refer  from  Anger;  Enthusiasm;  Envy; 
Ethics;  Fear;  Feelings  (s) ;  Hate;  Jealousy; 
Joy;     Passions     (s) ;     Pleasure;     Psychology; 

Sympathy 

Refer  from  Biography;  Kings  and  rulers; 
Monarchy;  Rulers  (s) ;  Sovereigns  (s) 

Refer  from  Philosophy 


Refer  from  Blacklisting;  Combination,  In- 
dustrial; Cilds;  Labor  and  capital;  Labor 
u  n  i  0  n  s 

Refer  from  Accidents;  Agency;  Compensa- 
tion (s) ;  Damages;  Factory  inspection;  Fac- 
tory   laws;    Insurance,    Accident;    Insurance, 


127 


Negligence ;  Occupations,  Dangerous ;  Safely       Industrial;    Labor    and    capital;    Labor    and 
devices  laboring  classes;   Labor  laws;   Liability,   Em- 

ployers' (s) ;  Master  and  servant;  Negligence; 
Occupations,      Dangerous;      Safety      devices; 
Workmen's  compensation  (s) 
Employers'  welfare  institutions  see  Industrial 

betterment 
Employment  agencies 

See  also  Labor  exchanges 


Empresses  see  Queens  and  empresses 
Enamel 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts ;  Cloisonne 


Refer  from  Agency;  Intelligence  offices  (s) ; 
Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Labor  exchanges; 
Servants ;  Unemployed  ;  Wages 


Refer    from    Arts     and     crafts;     Cloisonne; 
Decoration  and  ornament 


Encyclopaedias  see  Encyclopedias 
Encyclopaedists  see  Encyclopedists 
Encyclopedias 

See  also  Dictionaries.      For  encyclopedias 

of  a   special   subject    see    the    subject,    e.g. 

Botany  —  Dictionaries 
Encyclopedists 

Endless  punishment  see  Future  punishment 
Energy  see  Force  and  energy 
Engineering 

See  also  Aeronautics;  Aqueducts;  Arches; 
Architecture  ;Blasting ;  Boring ;  Breakwaters  ; 
Bridges ;  Building;   Building  materials;   Ca- 
nals ;Chemical  engineering  ;Ci\il  engineering 
Curves    in    engineering;    Docks;    Drainage 
Dredging;  Earthwork;  Electric  engineering 
Engineers;  Engines;  Foundations;  Harbors 
Hydraulic     engineering;      Industrial     arts 
IrrigatioiT;  Machinery;  Marine  engineering 
Masonry;  Mechanical  drawing;  Mechanical 
engineering;  Mechanics;  Mensuration;  Mili- 
tary engineering  ;  Aliningengineering ;  Munic- 
ipal     engineering;      Railroad      engineering; 
Railroads  —  Construction  ;    Reclamation    of 
land;    Rivers;    Roads;    Sanitary    engineer- 
ing;   Sea    walls;    Statics;    Steam    engines; 
Strength  of  materials;  Subwa)s ;  Surveying; 
Tunnels;  Wails;  Water  supply 

Chemical,  see  Chemical  engineering 

Civil,  see  Civil  engineering 

Electrical,  see  Electric  engineering 

Hydraulic,  see  Hydraulic  engineering 

Marine,  see  Alarine  engineering 

Mechanical,  see  IVIechanical  engineering; 

Mechanics,  Applied 

Military,  see  Military  engineering 

Alining,  see  Mining  engineering 

Municipal,  see  Municipal  engineering 

Sanitary,  see  Sanitary  engineering 

Engineering  materials  see  Building  materials 

Engineers 

Engines 

See  also  Air  engines;  Blowing  engines; 
Farm  motors;  Fire  engines;  Fuel;  Gas  and 
oil  engines;  Heat  engines;  Locomotives; 
Marine  engines;  Mechanical  engineering; 
Motors;  Pumps;  Steam  engines;  Traction 
engines ;  Turbines 
England,  Church  of,  see  Church  of  England 


Refer  from    Cyclopedias    (s) ;    Dictionaries; 
Encyclopaedias  (s) ;  Reference  books 

Refer  from   Encyclopaedists   (s) ;  French  lit- 
erature; Materialism;  Philosophy,  French 


Refer    from     Building;     Civil     engineering; 
Construction   (s) ;   Hydraulic  engineering;   In 
dustrial  arts;  Machinery;  Mathematics;  Me- 
chanical engineering;  Mechanics;  Military  en- 
gineering; Surveying;  Technology 


Refer  from  Biograph)' ;  Engineering 

Refer  from  Engineering;  Machine  shop 
practice;  Machinery;  Mechanical  engineering; 
Motors ;  Power 


128 


England  —  History 
To  1066 

Sfi'  also  Anglo-Saxons;  Britons 

Normans,  1 066-1 154 

Sri'  also  Domesday  book;  Hastings, 
Battle  of;  Normans 

Plantagenets,  1 154-1399 

See  also  Barons'  war;  Black  death; 
England  —  History  —  Lancaster  and 
York;  Hundred  years'  war;  Magna 
c  h  a  r  t  a 

Lancaster  and  York,  1399-1485 

See  also  Agincourt,  Battle  of;  Hun- 
dred years'  war;  Wars  of  the  Roses 


-Tudors,  1485-1603 

See  also  Kngland  —  History  —  Eliza- 
bethan period 
-Elizabethan  period,  1558-1603 

See   also   Armada,    1588;    England — 
History  —  Tudors;    Shakespeare,     Wil- 
liam —  Contemporary  England 
-Stuarts,  1 603- 1 7 14 

See   also   England  —  History  —  Civil 
war    and    commonwealth;    Gunpowder 
plot;    Jacobites;   King  William's    war; 
Nonjurors;  Popish  plot;  Queen  Anne's 
war;     Regicides;     Rye     House     plot; 
Spanish  succession,  War  of 
-Civil   war   and   commonwealth,    1642- 
1660 
See    also    England  —  History  —  Stu- 
arts ;  Regicides 


1714-1837 

See  also  French  and  Indian  war; 
Jacobites;  Napoleonic  wars;  Peninsular 
war,  1807-1814;  Seven  years'  war; 
U.  S. —  History  —  Revolution 

Victorian  period,  1 837-1901 

See  also  Chartism;  Crimean  war; 
South  African  war,  1 899-1902 

1901- 

See  also  South  African  war,  1 899-1902 
English  ballads  see  Ballads,  English 
English  composition  see  Composition(English) ; 

Rhetoric 
English  dialects   see   English   language  —  Dia- 
lects 
English  dictionaries  see  Dictionaries,  English 
English  drama 

See  alto  American  drama;  Dramatists, 
English;  English  literature;  Miracle,  morali- 
ty and  mystery  plays;  Theater — England 

English  essays 

See  also  American  essays;  English  litera- 
ture 

English  fiction 

See  also  American  fiction;  T'-nglish  litera- 
ture 
English  grammar  see  Grammar,  English 
English  humor  see  Humor,  English 
English  idioms  see  Idioms,  English 
English  in  India  see  British  in  India 


Refer  from  Great  Britain  —  History  (s) 

Refer  from  Anglo-Saxons;  Britons 

Refer   from    Hastings,    Battle    of;    Norman 
conquest  (s) ;  Normans 

Refer   from     Barons'    war;    Hundred    years' 
war 


Refer  from  Agincourt,  Battle  of;  England  — 
History  —  Plantagenets;  Hundred  years'  war; 
Wars  of  the  Roses 

Refer  from  England  —  History  —  Elizabeth- 
an period 

Refer  from  Armada,  1588;  Elizabethan 
age  (s) ;  England  —  History  —  Tudors 


Refer  from  England  —  History  —  Civil  war 
and  commonwealth;  Gunpowder  plot;  Popish 
plot;  Regicides;  Rye  House  plot 


Refer  from  Civil  war  (s) ;  Commonwealth  of 
England  (s) ;  England  —  History  —  Stuarts; 
Regicides 

Refer  from  Jacobites 


Refer  from  American  drama;  Drama; 
Dramatists,  English;  English  literature;  Eng- 
lish poetry;  Theater  —  England 


Refer  from  American  essays;  English  litera- 
ture; Essays 


Refer  from    American    fiction;    English    lit- 
erature; Fiction 


129 


English  language 

See  also  Americanisms;  Anglo-Saxon  lan- 
guage; Briticisms;  Composition  (English); 
Dictionaries,  English;  Germanic  languages; 
Grammar,  English;  Idioms,  English;  Pro- 
nunciation, English ;  Prosody,  English ; 
Slang;  Spelling,  English;  Synonyms  and 
antonyms,  English 

Alphabet,  see  Alphabet 

Compositon,  see  Composition  (English) 

Conversation  and  phrase  books,  see  Eng- 
lish language — For  foreigners 

Dialects 

See     also      Americanisms;      Briticisms; 
Negro  dialect 

Dictionaries,  j(('  Dictionaries,  English 

Etymology 

See  also  English  language  —  History 
For  foreigners 


-Grammar,  see  Grammar,  English 
-History 

See  also  English  language  —  Etymology  ; 
English  language  —  Middle  English 
-Idioms,  see  Idioms,  English 
-Middle  English 


Old    English,    see   Anglo-Saxon    language; 

English  language- — -Middle  English 

Orthography,  see  Spelling,  English 

Pronunciation,  see  Pronunciation,  English 

Pros'ody,  see  Prosody,  English 

Readers,  see  Readers 

Rhymes,  see  Rhyme 

Spelling,  see  Spelling,  English 

Study  and  teaching 

See    also    English    language  —  For    for- 
eigners 

Synonyms   and   antonyms,  see   Synonyms 

and  antonyms,  English 

Syntax,  see  Grammar,  English 

English  letters  see  Letters,  English 
English  literature 

See  also  American  literature;  Anglo-Saxon 
literature;  Authors,  English;  Ballads,  Eng- 
lish; Canadian  literature;  English  drama; 
English  essays;  English  fiction;  English 
poetry;  Humor,  English;  Irish  literature 
(English);  Letters,  English;  Newspapers — ■ 
England;  Orations,  English  ;  Parodies  ;  Peri- 
odicals—  England;  Satire,  English;  Scot- 
tish literature;  Sonnets,  English 

Collections 

See  also   English   poetry — Collections; 
Recitations  and  readings 
— ■ — History  and  criticism 
Middle  English 


-Elizabethan  period 
-17th  century 


Refer  from  Anglo-Saxon  language;  England 
— -Language  (s) ;  Germanic  languages;  U.  S. 
—  Language  (s) 


Refer  from  Dialects ;  Dictionaries,  English ; 
England  —  Dialects  (s) ;  English  dialects  (s) ; 
U.  S. — -  Dialects  (s) 


Refer  from  English  language  —  History 
Refer   from    English    language  —  Conversa- 
tion and  phrase  books  (s) ;  English  language  — 
Study  and  teaching;  Foreigners  (s) 


Refer  from  English  language —  Etymology 


Refer  from  Early  English  language  (s) ; 
English  language  —  History;  English  language 
—  Old  English  (s) ;  Middle  English  language  (s) ; 
Old  English  language  (s) 


Refer  from  American  literature;  Anglo- 
Saxon  literature;  Authors,  English;  British 
literature  (s) ;  England  —  Literature  (s) ;  Eng- 
lish drama;  English  essays;  English  fiction; 
English  poetry;  Humor,  English;  Irish 
literature  (English);  Literature;  Satire,  Eng- 
lish ;  Scottish  literature 


Refer    from     English     poetry 
Recitations  and  readings 


Collections ; 


Refer  from  Early  English  literature  (s) ; 
Middle  ages — Literature;  Middle  English 
literature  (s) ;  Old  P'.nglish  literature  (s) 

Refer  from  Elizabethan  age  (s) ;  Elizabethan 
literature  (s) 

Refer  from  Seventeenth  century 


130 


English   literature- 

Continued 
^— — 1 8th  century 
19th  century 

-20th  century 


History   and    criticism- 


Study  and  teaching 

English  metrical  romances 

English  newspapers  st'e  Newspapers  —  England 
English  orations  see  Orations,  English 
English  periodicals  see  Periodicals  —  England 
English  philosophy  see  Philosophy,  English 
English  poetry 

See  also  American  poetry;  Anglo-Saxon 
poetry;  Ballads,  English;  Canadian  poetry; 
English  drama;  English  literature;  English 
metrical  romances;  Irish  poetry;  Lake 
poets;  Poets,  English;  Prosody,  English; 
Scottish  poetry;  Songs,  English;  Sonnets, 
English 
Collections 

English  satire  see  Satire,  English 

English    songs    see    Ballads,    English ;    Songs, 
English 

English  sonnets  see  Sonnets,  English 

English  spelling  see  Spelling,  English 

English    synonyms    see    Synonyms    and  anto- 
nyms, English 

English  syntax  see  Grammar,  English 

English  wit  and  humor  see  Humor,  English 

Engravers 

See  also  Artists 

Engraving 

See  also  Bank  notes;  Color  printing; 
Engravings;  Etching;  Gems;  Glyptics; 
Illustration  of  books;  Lithography;  Photo- 
engraving ;  Photogravure  ;  Stipple  engraving ; 
Wood  engraving 

Engravings 

See  also  Color  prints;  Etchings;  Pictures 

Enigmas  see  Riddles 
Enlightenment 

Enlistment  see  Recruiting  and  enlistment 

Ennui 

Ensigns  see  Flags 

Ensilage 

See  also  Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs 

Entail 

See  also  Primogeniture 

Enteric  fe\-cr  see  Typhoid  fever 

Entertaining 

See  also  Amusements;  Balls  (parties); 
Cards;  Children's  parties;  Dinners  and 
dining;  Entertainments;  Etiquet;  Guests; 
Luncheons;  Alenus 

Entertainments 

See  also  Amateur  theatricals  ;  Amusements  ; 
Christmas  entertainments;  Church  enter- 
tainments; Concerts;  Drills  and  marches; 
Entertaining;  Fairs;  Festivals;  Holidays; 
Jarley  waxworks;     Lectures  and  lecturing; 


Refer  from  Eighteenth  century 
Refer  from    Nineteenth    century;    Victorian 
literature  (s) 

Refer  from  Twentieth  century 

Refer  from  English  poetry;  Romances 


Refer  from  American  poetry;  Anglo-Saxon 
poetr)-;  Ballads,  English;  British  poetry  (s) ; 
English  literature;  Lake  poets;  Poetry; 
Poets,  English;  Scottish  poetry;  Sonnets, 
English 


Refer  from  English   literature — Collections; 
Recitations  and  readings 


Refer  from  Artists;  Biography 

Refer  from  Art;  Chalcography  (s) ;  Etching; 
Graphic  arts  (s) ;  Illustration  of  books;  In- 
dustrial arts;  Lithography;  Mezzotint  (s) ; 
Steel  engraving  (s)  ;  Stipple  engraving 


Refer  from  Drawings;  Engraving;  Etchings; 
Pictures ;  Prints  (s) 

Refer  from  Philosophy;  Philosophy,  Modern; 
Rationalism 

Refer  from  Mind  and  body 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Feeding  and  feeding 
stuffs;  Forage  plants;  Silage  (s) ;  Silos  (s) 

Refer     from      Inheritance;      Primogeniture; 
Property;  Real  estate 


Refer  from  Entertainments  ;  Etiquet  ;  Guests  ; 
Home  economics;  llospitalit)- ;  Parties  (s)  ; 
Society 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Church  entertain- 
ments; Entertaining;  Sociables  (s) ;  Socials  (s) 


131 


Moving    pictures;     Pageants;     Panoramas; 
Pantomime;      Recitations      and      readings; 
School   entertainments;    Sunday   school   en- 
tertainments; Tableaux;  Theater 
Enthusiasm 

Si'e  also  Emotions 
Entomologists 

See  also  Naturalists 

Entomology  see  Insects 

Entomology,  Economic,  see  Insects,  Injurious 

and  beneficial 
Entozoa  see  Parasites 
Entrance    examinations    see    College    entrance 

requirements 

Environment 

See     also     Acclimatization;      Adaptation 
(biology);     Anthropogeography ;     Ecology; 
E\olution;  Heredity 
Envy 

See  also  Emotions 
Enzymes 

See  also  Fermentation;  Malt 


Eocene    period    see   Geology,    Stratigraphic  — 

Eocene;  Paleontology —  Eocene 
Eolithic  period  see  Stone  age 
Ephemerides  see  Nautical  almanacs 
Epic  poetry 

See  also  Romances 
Epicureans 

See  also  Philosophy,  Greek 

Epidemics 

See  also  Contagion  and  contagious  dis- 
eases; Quarantine;  also  names  of  contagious 
diseases,  e.g.  Black  death  ;  Cholera,  Asiatic  ; 
Plague;  Smallpox;  Yellow  fever;  also  names 
of  countries  and  cities,  subhead  Epidemics 
Epigrams 

See  also  Maxims;   Proverbs;  Quotations; 
Table-talk;  Toasts 

Epigraphy  see  Inscriptions 
Epilepsy 


Episcopacy 

See  also  Apostolic  succession  ;  Archbishops ; 
Bishops;  Catholic  church;  Church  history; 
Church  of  England;  Methodism;  Ordina- 
tion; Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the 
U.  S. 

Episcopal  church  see  Church  of  England; 
Methodist  Episcopal  church;  Protestant 
Episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S. 

Epistemology  see  Knowledge;  Metaphysics 

Epitaphs 

.SV^  also  Brasses;  Inscriptions;  Obituaries; 
Tombstones 

Epithets 

See  also  Names;  Nicknames 
Epizoa  see  Parasites 


Refer  from  Emotions;  Fanaticism 

Refer  from    Insects;   Naturalists;   Scientists; 
Zoologists 


Refer  from  Acclimatization;  Adaptation 
(biology) ;  y\nthropogeography  ;  Anthropology; 
Ecology;  Evolution;  Man 

Refer  from  Emotions;  Ethics 

Refer  from  Biology;  Brewing;  Digestion; 
Fermentation;  Ferments  (s) ;  Physiological 
chemistry;   Soluble  ferments  (s) 


Refer  from  Poetry 

Refer  from  Ethics;  Hedonism;  Materialism; 
Philosophy;  Philosophy,  Greek 

Refer  from  Contagion  and  contagious  dis- 
eases;  Flygiene,  Public;  Medicine  —  History; 
Pestilences  (s) ;  Plague 


Refer  from  Aphorisms  (s) ;  Apothegms  (s) ; 
Humor;  Literature;  Maxims;  Proverbs;  Quo- 
tations ;  Sayings  (s) 

Refer  from  Consanguinity;  Idiocy;  Medicine 
—  Practice ;  Nervous  system  —  Diseases 


Refer  from  Apostolic  succession;  Bishops; 
Catholic  church;  Catholic  church  —  Clergy; 
Church  of  England;  Church  of  England- — 
Clergy;  Church  polity;  Methodism;  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S. 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Biography;  Burial; 
Cemeteries;  Inscriptions;  Literature;  Obitua- 
ries; Tombs;  Tombstones 

Refer  from  Language;  Names;  Nicknames 


132 


Equality 

Si-e    also    Aristocracy;    Class    distinction; 
Democracy;     Individualism;     Liberty;     So- 
cialism 
Equations 

See  also  Algebra;  Groups,  Theory  of 
Equestrianism  see  Horsemanship 
Equilibrium  see  Statics 
Equinoxes 

Sre  also  Astronomy 


Equity 

See     also     Actions     at     law 
Justice;  Pleading  and  practice 
Equivocation 

See  also  Lying 


law;     Chancery; 


Erosion 

See  also  Coast  changes  ;  Geology  ;  Glaciers ; 
Physical  geography;  Sedimentation  and 
deposition;  Valleys 

Erratics  see  Boulders 
Errors,  Popular 

See    also    Blunders;     Medical    delusions; 
Superstition 
Errors,  Theory  of 

See  also  Least  squares;  Probabilities 

Errors  and  blunders,  Literary 

See  also  Blunders;  Literary  forgeries  and 
mystifications 

Erse  see  Gaelic  language;  Irish  language 

Eruptive  rocks  see  Igneous  rocks 

Erysipelas* 

Escapes 

See  also  Adventure 

Eschatology 

See  also  Death;  Future  life;  Future  pun- 
ishment; Heaven;  Hell;  Judgment  day; 
Millennium;  Purgatory;  Resurrection;  Sec- 
ond advent 

Escuage  see  Scutage 

Eskimo  language 

Eskimos 

See  also  Alaska  ;  Arctic  regions  ;  Ethnology 
—  Alaska 

Esoteric  Buddhism  see  Theosophy 

Esperanto 

Esquimaux  see  Eskimos 

Essayists 

Srr  also  Authors 
Essays 

See  also  American  essays  ;  English  essays  ; 
French  essays;  also  subhead  Essays,  address- 
es, etc.,  under  various  subjects 
Essences  and  essential  oils 

See  also  Chemistry,  Technical;  Flavoring 
extracts;  Perfumery 


Essenes 


Refer  from    Class    distinction;    Democracy; 
Government;  Liberty;  Socialism;  Sociology 

Refer  from  Algebra;  Calculus;  Mathematics 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Precession  of  the 
equinoxes  (s) 

Refer  from  Actions  at  law;  Chancery;  Juris- 
diction; Justice;  Law;  Pleading  and  practice 

Refer  from  Ethics;  Falsehood  (s) ;  Lying; 
Prevarication  (s) 

Refer  from  Abrasion  (geology)  (s) ;  Coast 
changes;  Denudation  (s) ;  Geology;  Glaciers; 
Physical  geography;  Rivers;  Sedimentation 
and  deposition  ;  Valleys  ;  Water 


Refer  from  Blunders;  Delusions  (s) ;  Mis- 
takes (s) ;  Popular  errors  (s) 

Refer  from  Mathematics;  Probabilities; 
Theory  of  errors  (s) 

Refer  from  Bibliography;  Blunders;  Catalog- 
ing; Literary  blunders  (s) ;  Literary  forgeries 
and  mystifications;  Literature;  Mistakes  (s) 


Refer  from  Medicine  —  Practice 

Refer  from  Adventure;  Prison  escapes  (s) 

Refer  from  Death;  Future  life;  Judgment 
day;  Resurrection;  Second  advent;  Theology 

Refer  from  Indians  —  Languages 

Refer  from  Alaska;  Arctic  regions;  Esqui- 
maux (s) ;  Ethnology  —  Alaska;  Indians; 
Innuit  (s) 

Refer  from  Language,  Artificial 

Rcfe  r  fro  m  Authors 
Refer  from  Literature 


Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Aromatic 
plant  products  (s)  ;  Ciiemistry,  Organic  ;  Chem- 
istry, Technical;  Distillation;  Essential 
oils  (s) ;  Flavoring  extracts;  Oil  (s) ;  Oils, 
Essential  (s) ;  Oils  and  fats;  Spices;  Vegetable 
oils  (s) ;  Volatile  oils  (s) 

Refer  from  Jews  ;  Jews  —  Religion 


133 


Essential  oils  ice  Essences  and  essential  oils 
Estates,  Unclaimed 

Esthetics 

iSVv  also  Art;  Art  —  Appreciation;  Art 
—  Criticism;  Classicism;  Color;  Criticism; 
Grotesque;  Idealism  in  art;  Idealism  in 
literature;  Impressionism  (art);  Landscape; 
Music  —  Philosophy  and  esthetics;  Natural- 
ism in  art;  Naturalism  in  literature;  Paint- 
ing; Picturesque;  Poetry;  Proportion  (art); 
Realism  in  art;  Realism  in  literature; 
Rhythm;  Romanticism;  Sculpture;  Sub- 
lime ;  Symmetry 

Estimates  see  subhead  Estimates  under  tech- 
nical subjects    e.g.  Building — Estimates 

Etching 

See  also  Engraving  ;  Etchings  ;  Pyrograph\" ; 
Stipple  engraving;  Zincography 

Etchings 

See  also  Engravings;  Pictures 

Eternal  life  see  Future  life 
Eternity 

See  also  Future  life 
Ether  (anesthetic) 

See  also  Anesthetics 
Ether  (of  space) 

See  also  Air 

Ethical  education  see  Moral  education 

Ethics 

See  also  Affliction;  Altruism;  Amuse- 
ments; Anger;  Animals  —  Treatment;  Art 
and  morals;  Asceticism;  Avarice;  Business 
ethics  ;*  Capital  punishment;  Character; 
Charity;  Chastity;  Cheerfulness;  Christian 
ethics;  Christian  life  and  character;  Civili- 
zation; Commandments;  Compromise;  Con- 
duct of  life;  Conscience;  Contentment; 
Courage;  Courtesy;  Crime  and  criminals; 
Cruelty;  Dancing;  Divorce  ;  Dueling;  Duty  ; 
Egoism;  Emotions;  Envy;  Epicureans; 
Equivocation;  Etiquet;  Evil;  Family;  Fic- 
tion; Freedom  of  the  will;  Friendship; 
Gambling;  Gentlemen;  Gifts;  Goodness; 
Habit;  Happiness;  Hedonism;  Home;  Hon- 
esty; Honor;  Ideals;  Interest;  Justice; 
Kindness;  Law;  Legal  ethics;  Liberty; 
Liberty  of  conscience;  Life;  Literature, 
Immoral;  Lotteries;  Love;  Loyalty;  Lj^ng; 
Manners  and  customs;  Marriage;  Medical 
ethics;  Mercy;  Moral  education;  Natural 
law;  New  thought;  Oaths;  Obedience; 
Patience;  Patriotism;  Peace;  Philanthropy; 
Philosophy  ;  Pleasure ;  Political  ethics ;  Popu- 
larity; Pragmatism;  Pride  and  vanity;  Prog- 
ress; Religion;  Religion  and  ethics;  Res- 
ignation; Secularism;  Self-denial;  Sclf- 
respert;  Selfishness;  Sexual  ethics;  Sin; 
Sincerity;  Slavery;  Social  ethics;  Social 
problems;  Sociology;  Soul;  Spiritual  life; 
Standard  of  living;  State  ethics;  Stoics; 
Success;  Suicide;  Sunday;  Swearing;  Sym- 
pathy; Temperance;  Temptation;  Theater; 
Truth;  Utilitarianism;  Vice;  Virtue;   Vivi- 


Refer  from  Genealogy;  Inheritance;  Prop- 
c-t)-;  Real  estate;  Unclaimed  estates  (s) 

Refer  from  Aesthetics  (s) ;  .\rt ;  Art  —  Appre- 
ciation ;  Art — Criticism;  Beautiful,  The  (s) ; 
Beauty  (s) ;  Criticism;  Literature;  Painting; 
Philosophy;  Picturesque;  Psychology;  Rheto- 
ric; Sculpture;  Sublime;  Symmetry;  Taste 
(esthetics)  (s) 


Refer  from  Art;  Engraving;  Zincography 


Refer  from  Drawings;  Engravings;  Etching; 
Pictures 


Refer  from  Future  life;  Philosophy;  Time 

Refer  from  Aether  (s) ;  Anesthetics 

Refer   horn   Light;    Luminiferous   ether   (s) ; 
Matter;  Physics;  Space;  Waves 


Refer  from  Altruism;  Character;  Christian 
ethics;  Civilization;  Conduct  of  life;  Duty; 
Emotions;  Ethology  (s) ;  Family;  Hedonism; 
Immorality  (s) ;  Life;  Man;  Moral  philoso- 
phy (s) ;  Morality  (s) ;  Morals  (s) ;  Natural 
religion;  Philosophy;  Philosophy,  Moral  (s) ; 
Psychology;  Religion;  Right  and  wrong  (s) ; 
Sociology;  Theology;  Vice;  Virtue;  Will 


'.S4 


Ethics  —  Continued 

section;  War;  Wealth;  Will;  Women;  also 
names  of  countries  and  cities,  subhead  Moral 
conditions 

Christian,  see  Christian  ethics 

Commercial,  see  Business  etliics 

History 

Japanese 

Jewish 

Legal,  see  Legal  ethics 

Medical,  see  Aledical  ethics 

National,  see  State  ethics 

Political,  see  Political  ethics 

Practical,  see  Conduct  of  life 

Sexual,  see  Sexual  ethics 

Social,  see  Social  ethics 

State,  see  State  ethics 

Ethics  and  religion  see  Religion  and  ethics 

Ethnic  psychology  see  Ethnopsychology 

Ethnography  see  Ethnology 

Ethnology 

See  also  Anthropogeography ;  Anthro- 
pology;  Anthropometry ;  Archaeology;  Art, 
Primitive;  Bible — Ethnoloev;  Cannibal- 
ism; Cave  dwellers;  Civilization;  Cliflt 
dwellers  and  cliff  dwellings;  Climate;  Color 
of  man;  Consanguinity;  Costume;  Ethno- 
ps\'chology;  Evolution;  Folklore;  Head- 
hunters  ;  Industries,  Primitive  ;  Lake  dwellers 
and  lake  dwellings;  Language;  Man; 
Manners  and  customs  ;  Migration  of  nations  ; 
Mounds  and  mound  builders;  Mythology; 
National  characteristics;  Nations;  Race 
problem*;  Savages;  Skull;  Society,  Primi- 
tive; Tattooing;  Totems  and  totemism; 
also  names  of  countries,  subhead  Social  life 
and  customs,  and  names  of  races,  tribes  and 
peoples,  e.g.  Aryans,  Gipsies,  Hamites, 
Indians,  Malays,  Negroes,  Semitic  race. 
Yellow  races 

U.  S. 

See  also   Anglo-Saxons;    Indians;    Race 
problems  —  U.  S. 

Ethnopsychology 

See  also  National  characteristics;  Social 
psychology 


Ethology  see  Ethics 
Etiquet 

See  also  Conversation;  Courtesy;  Courts 
and  courtiers  ;  Dancing  ;  Dinners  and  dining  ; 
Entertaining;  Gentlemen;  Guests;  Letter 
writing;  Manners  and  customs;  Precedence; 
Salutations;  Society;  Weddings;  also  names 
of  countries,  subhead  Social  life  and  customs 
Etymology 

See   also   Names;    Words;    also    names   of 
languages,  subhead  Etymology 
Eucharist  see  Lord's  supper;  Mass 
Euchre 

See  also  Cards 


Refer  from  Japan —  Social  life  and  customs; 
Japanese  ethics  (s) 

Refer  from  Jewish  ethics  (s) ;  Jews  —  Eth- 
ics (s) ;  Jews  —  Social  life  and  customs 


Refer  from.  Aborigines  (s) ;  Anthropology; 
Archaeology;  Civilization;  Ethnography  (s) ; 
Geography;  History;  Man;  Manners  and 
customs  ;  Migration  of  nations  ;  Native  races  (s) ; 
Race  characteristics  (s) ;  Races  of  man  (s) ; 
Science 


Refer  from  U.  S. — •  Ethnology  (s] 


Refer  from  Anthropolog)^;  Ethnic  psychol- 
ogy (s) ;  Ethnology;  Folk  psychology  (s) ; 
National  characteristics;  Psychology;  Psy- 
chology, Comparative  ;  Psychology,  Ethnic  (s) ; 
Psychology,  Racial  (s) ;  Race  psychology  (s) ; 
Social  pyschology ;  Sociology 


Refer  from  Behavior  (s) ;  Ceremonies  (s) ; 
Conduct  of  life;  Courtesy;  Entertaining; 
Ethics;  Gentlemen;  Ladies  (s) ;  Letter 
writing;  Manners  (s) ;  Manners  and  customs; 
Politeness  (s) ;  Self-culture ;  Society  ;  Usages  (s) ; 
Weddings;  Women 

Refer  from    Grammar;  Language;  Words 


Refer  from  Cards 


135 


Eudiometer 
Eugenics 

Se'i'    also     Consanguinity;    Degeneration; 
Heredity;  Marriage;  Prenatal  inliuences 


Europe  —  History 
To  476 

See  also  Migration  of  nations 

476-1492,  see  Middle  ages  —  History 

1492-1789 

See  also  Austrian  succession,  War  of ; 
Eighteenth  century;  History,  Modern; 
Seven  years'  war;  Seventeenth  century; 
Sixteenth  century;  Spanish  succession, 
War  of;  Thirty  years'  war 

1789- 

See      also      Crimean      war;     History, 
Modern;     Holy     alliance;     Napoleonic 
wars;   Nineteenth    century;    Peninsular 
war.  1807-1814;  Triple  alliance 
European  literature 

See  also  Literature;  also  names  of  litera- 
tures 
Evaluation  of  literature  see  Book  reviews; 
Books  and  reading;  Books  and  reading  — 
Best  books;  Criticism;  Literature  —  His- 
tory and  criticism 
Evangelical  alliance 

Evangelical     Lutheran     church    see    Lutheran 

church 
Evangelistic  work 

See  also  Conversion  ;  Missions ;  Revivals ; 
Salvatiori  army 
Evangelists  see  Apostles  ;  Bible  —  New  Testa- 
ment; Missionaries 
Evaporation 

See  also  Distillation;  Drying 

Evaporation  of  fruit  see  Fruit  —  Evaporation 
Evening  and  continuation  schools 


Evening  schools  see  Evening  and  continuation 

schools 
Evergreens 

See   also    Forests    and    forestry;    Hedges; 
Trees 
Eviction 
Evidence 

See    also    Affidavits;    Certainty;     Expert 
evidence;  Identification;  Logic;  Witnesses 


Evidences  of  Christianity  see   Christianity  — 

Evidences 
Evidences  of  the  Bible  see  Bible  —  Evidences 

and  authority 
Evil 

.SVi?  also  Dualism  ;  Sin  ;  Temptation 
Evil  eye 

See    also    Charms;    Superstition;     Witch- 
craft 


Refer  from  Chemistry  —  Analysis;  Gases 

Refer  from  Anthropology;  Breeding;  Chil- 
dren; Civilization;  Heredity;  Man;  Marriage; 
Parents;  Prenatal  influences;  Race  improve- 
ment (s) ;  Social  problems;  Sociology 


Refer  from  Austrian  succession.  War  of; 
History,  Modern;  Seven  years'  war;  Spanish 
succession,  War  of;  Thirty  years'  war 


Refer  from  Crimean  war;  History,  Modern; 
Holy  alliance;  Napoleonic  wars;  Nineteenth 
century;  Peninsular  war,  1807-1814;  Triple 
alliance 

Refer  from  Literature 


Refer  from  Christian  union  ;  U.  S. 
history 


Rell 


gious 


Refer  from  Church  work;  Conversion;  Mis- 
sions ;  Revivals 


Refer  from  Chemistry;  Meteorology;  Phys- 
ics ;  Vapor  (s) 

Refer  from  Continuation  schools  (s) ;  Edu- 
cation; Education,  Secondary;  Evening 
schools  (s) ;  Night  schools  (s) ;  Public  schools; 
Schools 


Refer  from  Forests  and  forestry;  Hedges; 
Landscape  gardening;  Trees 

Refer  from  Landlord  and  tenant;  Rent 

Refer  from  Acknowledgments;  Actions  at 
law;  Circumstantial  evidence  (s) ;  Criminal 
law;  Faith;  Identification;  Law;  Logic; 
Philosophy;  Presumptive  evidence  (s) ; 
Proof  (s) ;  Testimony  (s) ;  Trials;  Witnesses 


Refer  from  Ethics;  Religion;  Sin;  Tempta- 
tion ;  Theology 

Refer  from  Demonology;  Folklore;  Magic; 
Superstition;  Witchcraft 


Evil  spirits  see  Demonology 

Evolution 

See  also  Adaptation  (biology) ;  Anatomy, 
Comparative;  Anthropology;  Biology;  Color 
of  animals;  Color  of  man;  Color  of  plants; 
Creation;  Degeneration;  Embryology;  En- 
vironment; Heredity;  Life  —  Origin;  Man 
—  Origin  and  antiquity;  Mendel's  law; 
Mimicry  (biology);  Missing  link;  Natural 
selection;  Religion  and  science;  Species; 
Teleology;  Variation  (biology) 

Ex  libris  see  Bookplates 

Examination  of  witnesses  see  Witnesses 

Examination  questions  see  Examinations 

Examinations 

See  also  Civil  service  examinations;  Col- 
lege entrance  requirements;  Teachers  —  Ex- 
aminations and  certificates 

Excavating  machinery 

See  also  Dredging;  Mining  machinery; 
Rock  drills 

Excavation 

See  also  Earthwork;  Excavating  machin- 
ery; Tunnels 

Excavations      see      Archaeology;     Earthworks 
(archaeology) 

Exchange 

See  also  Balance  of  trade  ;  Clearing  houses  ; 
Commerce;  Economics;  Finance;  Foreign 
exchange;  Aloney;  Stock  exchange;  Stocks; 
Supply  and  demand 

Excise  laws  see  Internal  revenue  laws 
Excommunication 

See  also  Church  discipline;  Interdict 


Ex-con\'icts  see  Discharged  prisoners 

Excursions,  School,  see  School  excursions 

Executioners 

Executions  see  Capital  punishment 

Executive  ability 

See  also  Ability;  Efficiency,  Industrial; 
Leadership;  Scientific  management 

Executive  power 

See  also  Constitutional  law;  Monarchy; 
Pardon;  Presidents;  Veto 

Executors  see  Administrators  and  executors 

Exegesis  see  Bible  —  Criticism  and  interpreta- 
tion 

Exemption  from  taxation  see  Taxation,  Exemp- 
tion from 

Exercise 

See  also  Gymnastics;  Physical  education; 
Play;  Running;  Training;  Walking 

Exhaustion  see  Fatigue;  Neurasthenia 

Exhibitions 

See  also  Agricultural  exhibitions;  Art  — 
Galleries  and  museums;  Museums;  also 
special  exhibitions,  and  subhead  Exhibitions 
under  names  of  cities  and  under  \'arious 
subjects,  e.g.  Art —  Exhibitions 

Exile 

See  also  Expatriation ;  Penal  colonics ; 
Siberia  —  Exiles 


Refer  from  Adaptation  (biology);  Anthro- 
pology; Biology;  Botany;  Creation ;  Darwin- 
ism (s) ;  Degeneration;  Development  (s) ; 
Environment;  Ethnology;  Geology;  Heredity; 
Lamarckism  (s) ;  Man;  Man  —  Origin  and 
antiquity;  Materialism;  Natural  history; 
Natural  selection ;  Origin  of  species  (s) ;  Philos- 
ophy; Philosophy,  Modern;  Religion  and 
science  ;  Science  ;  Sociology ;  Species  ;  Teleology ; 
Variation  (biology) ;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Competitive  examinations  (s) ; 
Education;  Examination  questions  (s) ;  Teach- 
ing 

Refer  from  Dredging;  Excavation;  Machin- 
ery; Alining  machinery 

Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Earthwork 


Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Bills  of 
exchange  (s) ;  Business;  Clearing  houses; 
Commerce;  Commercial  law;  Economics; 
Finance;  Money;  Negotiable  instruments; 
Supply  and  demand 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Catholic  church 
—  Government;  Church  discipline;  Church 
polity;  Interdict 


Refer  from  Biography;  Capital  punishment 


Refer  from    Ability;    Efficiency,    Industrial; 
Leadership;  Scientific  management 

Refer  from  Constitutional  law;  Go\'ernment; 
Presidents 


Refer  from   Gymnastics;   Hygiene;   Physical 
education  ;  Therapeutics 


Refer  from  Expositions  (s) ;  Fairs;  Industrial 
arts;  Industrial  exhibitions  (s) ;  International 
exhibitions  (s) ;  Museums;  World's  fairs  (s) 


Refer  from    Banishment    (s) ;    Expatriation: 
Penal  colonies;  Punishment 


137 


Exorcism  see  Witchcraft 

Expansion  (physics;   • 

See  also  Gases  ;  Heat 

Expansive  classification  see  Classification, 
Expansive 

Expatriation 

See  also  Aliens;  Citizenship;  Exile;  Xatur- 
alization 

Expeditions,  Scientific,  see  Scientific  expedi- 
tions 

Experience 

See  also  Pragmatism 

Experiment  stations  see  Agricultural  experi- 
ment stations 

Experimental  chemistry  see  Chemistry  — 
Laboratory  manuals 

Experimental  psychology  see  Psychology, 
Physiological 

Experiments  see  under  subject,  e.g.  Agricul- 
tural experimentation;  Animal  experimenta- 
tion; Chemistry — Laboratory  manuals; 
Electricit)"  —  Experiments ;  Physics  —  Ex- 
periments 

Expert  evidence 

See  also  Medical  jurisprudence 

Expert  testimony  see  Expert  evidence 

Explorations  see  Discoveries  and  explorations 

Explorers 

See  also  Discoveries  and  explorations; 
Travelers;  Voyages  and  travels;  also  names 
of  continents  and  countries,  subheads  De- 
scription and  travel,  and  Discovery  and 
exploration 

Explosions 

See  also  Boiler  explosions ;  Explosives ; 
Insurance,  Casualty;  Mine  accidents;  Safet)' 
lamps 

Explosives 

See  also  Ammunition;  Blasting;  Chemis- 
tr)',  Technical;  Dynamite;  Guncotton ; 
Gunpowder;  Mines,  Military;  Nitroglycerin; 
Torpedoes 

Exportation    see    Commerce;    Penal    colonies; 

Tariff 
Exports  see  Commerce;  TarifiF 
Expositions  see  Exhibitions 
Express  companies 

See  also  Carriers;  Parcels  post 

Expression 

See  also  Anatomy,  Artistic;  Delsarte 
system;  lOlocution;  Physiognomy;  Rhetoric 

Expropriation  see  Eminent  domain 
Exterritorial  jurisdiction  see  Exterritoriality 
Exterritoriality 

See  also  Ambassadors;  Consuls 


Extinct  animals  j^f  Animals,   Extinct;  Paleon- 
tology 
Extra  illustration 


Refer  from  Heat;  Physics 


Refer  from  Aliens;  Citizenship;  Exile 


Refer  from  Knowledge;  Psychology 


Refer  from  Evidence;  Expert  testimony  (s) ; 
Medical  jurisprudence;  Trials;  Witnesses 


Refer  from  Adventure;  Biography;  Dis- 
coverers (s) ;  Discoveries  and  explorations; 
Geography;  Heroes;  Travelers;  Voyagers  (s) ; 
Voyages  and  travels 


Refer  from  Accidents 


Refer  from  Blasting;  Chemistry,  Technical; 
Dynamite;  Explosions;  Guncotton;  Gunner\-; 
Gunpowder;  Alanufactures ;  Alilitary  art  and 
science;  Mines,  Military;  Mining  engineering; 

Nitroglycerin 


Refer  from  Carriers;  Public  service  corpora- 
tions; Railroads;  Transportation 

Refer  from  Acting;  Anatomy,  Artistic; 
Delsarte  system;  Dramatic  expression  (s) ; 
Elocution;  Emotions;  Face;  Physiognomy 


Refer  from  Ambassadors;  Consuls;  Diplo- 
matic and  consular  service;  I'.xterriiorial 
jurisdiction  (s) ;  Extraterritoriality  (s) ;  In- 
ternational law 


Refer  from    Grangcrism    (s) ;   Illustration  of 
books 


138 


Extracts,  Flavoring,  see  Flavoring  extracts 
Extradition 

See     also     Asj'Ium,     Right     of;     Political 
offenses 

Extraterritoriality  see  Exterritoriality 
Extravagance 

See  also  Sumptuary  laws;  Tlirift 

Extreme  unction  see  Unction 
Eye 

See  also  Blind;  Light;  Sight;  Spectacles 


Diseases  and  defects 

See  also  Astigmatism ;  Blind ;  Color 
blindness;  Eyestrain;  Myopia;  Ophthal- 
mia 

Eye-glasses  see  Spectacles 

Eye-strain  see  Eyestrain 

E\es  see  Eye 

Eyestrain 

Fables 

See    also    Allegories;    Animal     lore;     Bes- 
tiaries; Folklore;  Parables 


Fabliaux 
Face 

See  also  Beaut\%  Personal;  Color  of  man; 
Cosmetics;  Expression;  Eye;  Mouth;  Nose; 
Physiognomy 
Facetiae  see  Humor 
Factories 

See     alio     Factory     inspection;     Factory 
laws;    Factory    management;    Factory    sys- 
tem; Mills  and  millwork;  Textile  factories 
Factors  see  Brokers  and  factors 
Factory  costs  see  Cost  accounting 
Factory  inspection 

See  also  Employers'  liability;  Factory 
laws 

Factory  laws 

See  also  Child  labor;  Employers'  liability; 
Factory  inspection;  Hours  of  labor;  Labor 
laws;  Women —  Employment 

Factory  management 

See  also  Cost  accounting;  Factory  system; 
Scientific  management 

Factory  system 

See  also  Child  labor;  I'actories ;  Factory 
inspection;  Factory  laws;  Factory  manage- 
ment; Hours  of  labor;  Women  —  Employ- 
ment 

Factory  waste  see  Refuse  and  refuse  disposal; 
Waste  products 

Faience  see  Pottery 

i''ailure  (in  business)  see  Bankruptcy 

I'air  trade  see  Reciprocity 

Fairies 

See  also  Fairy  tales;  Folklore 


Refer  from  Arrest;  Crime  and  criminals; 
Criminal  law;  International  law;  Law;  Politi- 
cal offenses 


Refer  from    Conduct    of    life;    Standard    of 
living;  Thrift 


Refer  from  Anatomy;  Eyes  (s) ;  Face;  Head; 
Light;  Ophthalmology  (s) ;  Optics,  Physiologi- 
cal (s) ;  Sight;  Spectacles;  Vision  (s) 

Refer  from  Astigmatism;  Medicine  —  Prac- 
tice; Myopia;  Ophthalmia 


Refer    from     Eye  —  Diseases     and     defects; 

Eye-strain  (s) 

Refer  from  Allegories;  Animal  lore;  Animals 
—  Stories;  Fiction;  Folklore;  Legends;  Litera- 
ture; Parables 

Refer  from  French  poetry;  Trouveres 

Refer  from  Head;  Physiognomy 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Factory  system; 
Industrial  arts;  Manufactures;  Mills  and 
millwork 


Refer  from  Employers'  liability;  Factories; 
Factory  laws;  Factory  system;  Inspection  of 
factories  (s) 

Refer  from  Children — Law;  Employers' 
liability;  Factories;  Factory  inspection; 
Factory  system;  Government  regulation  of 
industry;  Labor  laws 

Refer  from  Factories;  Factory  system; 
Management  of  factories,  shops,  etc  (s) ; 
Scientific  management;  Works  management  (s) 

Refer  from  Child  labor;  Economics;  I'acto- 
ries;  Factory  management;  Industry;  Labor 
and  laboring  classes;  Manufactures;  Women 
—  Employment 


Refer  from  Elves  (s) ;   Fairy  talcs;  Folklore; 
Gnomes  (s) ;  Goblins  (s) ;  Superstition 


139 


Fairs 

See  also  Agricultural  exhibitions ;  Exhibi- 
tions ;  also  names  of  cities,  subhead  Fairs 
Faiiy  tales 

See  also  Fairies;  Follvlore 


Faith 

See  also  Agnosticism;  Belief;  Certainty; 
Creeds;  Evidence;  Justification;  Religion; 
Sects;  Skepticism;  Theology;  I'ruth 

Faith  cure 

See    also    Christian    science;     Emmanuel 
movement;  Mental  healing;  Miracles;  Sug- 
gestive therapeutics 
Falconry 

See  also  Game  birds 

Fall  see  Autumn 

Fall  of  man 

See  also  Bible — -Old  Testament  —  Gen- 
esis ;  Eden ;  Sin 

Fallacies 

See  also  Logic 

Falling  stars  see  Meteors 

Falls  see  Waterfalls 

Falsehood  see  Equivocation;  Lying 

Fame 

See  also  Hall  of  fame 

Families  see  Family;  Genealogy 

Family 

See  also  Ancestor  worship;  Children; 
Divorce;  Domestic  relations;  Ethics; 
Fathers;  Home;  Home  economics;  Home 
educatiort;  Husbands;  Marriage;  Matri- 
archy; Mothers;  Parents;  Patriarchy; 
Tribes  and  tribal  system;  Widows;  Wives; 
Women 

Family  histories  see  names  of  countries  and 
cities,  subhead  Genealogy;  also  names  of 
individual  families 

Family  prayer  see  Family  worship 

Family  worship 

See  also  Devotional  exercises;  Prayer; 
Prayers 

Famines 

See  also  Starvation 

Fan  see  Fans 

Fan  blowers  see  Fans,  Mechanical 

Fan  drill  see  Drills  and  marches 

Fanaticism 

See  also  Asceticism;  Enthusiasm;  Flagel- 
lants; Inquisition;  Persecution 

Fancy  see  Imagination 

Fancy  dress  see  Costume 

Fancy  work 

See  also  Artificial  flowers;  Beadwork 
Crocheting;  Decoration  and  ornament 
Drawn  work;  Embroidery;  Knitting;  Lace 
Leather  work;  Needlework 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Commerce;  Enter- 
tainments; Festivals 

Refer  from  Children's  literature;  Fairies; 
Fiction;  Folklore;  Legends;  Literature; 
Mythology;  Stories  (s) 

Refer  from  Authority  (in  religion);  Belief; 
Certainty;  Christian  life  and  character; 
Doubt  (s) ;  Justification;  Religion;  Religious 
belief  (s) ;  Theology 

Refer  from  Divine  healing  (s) ;  Medicine  and 
religion;  Mental  healing;  Subconsciousness; 
Suggestive  therapeutics;  Therapeutics 

Refer  from  Birds;  Fowling  (s) ;  Game  birds; 
Hawking  (s) ;  Hunting;  Sports 


Refer  from    Bible;    Bible  —  Old   Testament 
—  Genesis;  Eden;  Sin;  Temptation;  Theology 

Refer  from  Logic 


Refer  from  Success 


Refer  from  Children;  Consanguinity;  Domes- 
tic relations;  Ethics;  Families  (s) ;  Home; 
Home  economics;  Husbands;  Kinship  (sj ; 
Man;  Marriage;  Parents;  Social  problems; 
Sociology;  Tribes  and  tribal  system;  Wives; 
Women 


Refer   from    Devotional    exercises;     Family 
prayer  (s) ;  Prayer;  Prayers;  Worship 


Refer  from    Food    supply;    History;    Relief 
work  (s) ;  Starvation 


Refer  from    Intolerance    (s) ;    Religion; 
Theology 


Refer  from  Crocheting;  Decoration  and 
ornament;  Domestic  arts;  Drawn  work; 
Embroidery;  Home  economics;  House  deco- 
ration; Knitting;  Needlework;  Women 


Fans 


See  also  Costume 


Refer  from  Costume;  Fan  (s) 


140 


Fans  —  Continued 
Electric 

See  also  Fans,  Mechanical 


-Mechanical 

See     also     Fans,     Electric;     Mechanical 
draft 


Far  East  see  East 

Far-eastern     question     see     Eastern      question 

(Far  East) 
Farm    animals    see    Domestic    animals;     Five 

stock 
Farm  buildings 

See    also    Architecture,    Domestic;    F>arns 

and  stables;  Poultry  houses 


Farm  colonies 


Farm     houses     see     Architecture,     Domestic; 

Country  houses;  Farm  buildings 
Farm  implements  and  machinery 

See   also    Electricity    on    the    farm ;    Farm 

motors;     Harvesting     machinery;      Mowing 

machines ;  Plows 


Farm  labor 

See  also  Peasantry 


Farm  laws  see  Agricultural  laws 
Farm  life 

See  also  City  and  country;  Country  life; 
Farmers;  Gardening;  Ranch  life 

Farm    machinery    see    I'arm    implements    and 
machinery 

Farm  management 

See  also  Farm  labor;  Market  gardening; 
Marketing  of  farm  produce;  Rotation  of 
crops 

Farm  motors 

See  also  Electricity  on  the  farm;  Farm 
implements  and  machinery ;  Traction  en- 
gines ;  Windmills 

Farm     products     see     Agricultural     products; 
Marketing  of  farm  produce 

Farm  schools 

Farm     tools     see     ['"arm     implements     and 

machinery 
Farm  values 

See  also  Farms,  Abandoned 

Farmers 

See  also  Agricultural  societies;  Agricul- 
ture; Farm  labor;  Farm  life;  Grange 


Refer  from  Electric  apparatus  and  applian- 
ces;  Electric  fans  (s) ;  Fans,  Mechanical; 
Ventilating  fans  (s) ;  Ventilation 

Refer  from  Blowers  (s) ;  Centrifugal  fans  (s) ; 
Fan  blowers  (s) ;  Fans,  Electric;  Machinery; 
Mechanical  draft;  Mechanical  fans  (s) ;  Ven- 
tilating fans  (s) ;  Ventilation 


Refer  from  Agricultural  physics;  Agriculture; 
Architecture;  Architecture,  Domestic;  Archi- 
tecture, Rural  (s)  ;  Barns  and  stables  ;  Country 
houses;  Farm  houses  (s) ;  Poultry  houses; 
Rural  architecture  (s) 

Refer  from  Agricultural  colonies  (s) ;  Agricul- 
ture; Charities;  Colonies  and  colonization; 
Labor  and  laboring  classes  ;  Labor  colonies  (s) ; 
Land;  Poor;  Salvation  army;  Unemployed 


Refer  from  Agricultural  implements  (s) ; 
Agricultural  machinery  (s) ;  Agricultural 
tools  (s) ;  Agriculture ;  Electricity  on  the  farm  ; 
Farm  machinery  (s) ;  Farm  motors;  Farm 
tools  (s) ;  Harvesting  machinery;  Implements, 
utensils,  etc.;  Machinery;  Mowing  machines; 
Plows ;  Tools 

Refer  from  Agricultural  laborers  (s)  ;  Agri- 
culture; Farm  management;  Farmers;  Labor 
and  laboring  classes;  Peasantry 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  City  and  country; 
Country  life;  Farmers;  Farming  (s) ;  Outdoor 
life;  Rural  life  (s) 


Refer  from   Agriculture;    Farms;    Marketing 
of  farm  produce;  Range  management  (s) 


Refer  from  Agricultural  phj'sics;  Electricity 
on  the  farm;  Engines;  Farm  implements  and 
machinery;  Motors 


Refer  from  Agriculture  — -  Study   and   teach- 
ing; Education;  School  farms  (s)  ;  Schools 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Farms;  Real  estate; 

Value 

Refer  from  Agricuiturr;  I'aiin  life 


141 


Fanners'  institutes 

Farming  see  Agriculture;  Farm  life 
Farming,  Dry,  see  Dry  farming 
Farms 

See  also  Agriculture;  Farm    management; 
Farm  values 
Abandoned 

Farriery  see  Horse;  Horseshoeing;  Veterinary 

medicine 
Fashion 

See    also    Clothing;    Costume;    Dandies; 
Dressmaking;  Hairdressing;  Tailoring 
Fasting 

See    also    Asceticism;     Fasts    and    feasts; 
Lent ;  Starvation 
Fasts  and  feasts 

See  also  Advent;  Ash  Wednesday; 
Christian  year;  Christmas;  Easter;  Festi- 
vals; Good  Friday;  Holidays;  Holy  week; 
Lent;  Sunday;  Thanksgiving  day 


Fat  see  Corpulence;  Oils  and  fats 
Fatalism  see  Fate  and  fatalism 
Fate  and  fatalism 

See  also  Fortune  telling;  Freedom  of  the 
will;  Predestination 
Fathers 

See  also  Parents 

Fathers  of  the  church 

See  alio  Apostolic  canons;  Apostolic  con- 
stitutions; Apostolic  fathers;  Church  history 
—  Early  church;  Councils  and  synods; 
Saints 


Fatigue 

See  also  Overwork ;  Rest 


-Mental 

See  also  Mental  hygiene;  Neurasthenia: 
Overpressure  (education) 


Fats  see  Oils  and  fats 
Fauna  see  Zoology 
Fauns 

Faust 

Favored  nation  clause  see  Commercial  treaties 

Fayence  see  Pottery 

Fear 

See  also  Courage;  Emotions;  Worry 
Feasts  see  Fasts  and  feasts 
Feathers 
Fecundity 

See  also  Reproduction 

Federal  courts  see  U.  S.  —  Courts 


Refer  from    Agricultural    societies;    Agricul- 
ture; Institutes,  Farmers'  (s) 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Land;  Real  estate 

Refer   from    Abandoned    farms    (s) ;    Farm 
values 


Refer  from  Costume;  Hairdressing;  Social 
psychology;  Style  (in  dress)  (s) 

Refer  from  Abstinence  (s) ;  Asceticism; 
Penance 

Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Christian  an- 
tiquities ;  Christian  year;  Church  calendar  (s) ; 
Church  ceremonies  (s) ;  Church  festivals  (s) ; 
Church  of  England;  Church  polity;  Days; 
Ecclesiastical  fasts  and  feasts  (s) ;  Fasting; 
Feasts  (s) ;  Festiv'als  ;  Holidays  ;  Holy  days  (s) ; 
Holy  week;  Lent;  Protestant  Episcopal  church 
in  the  U.  S. ;  Religion;  Religious  festivals  (s) ; 
Rites  and  ceremonies 


Refer  from  Destiny  (s) ;  Fatalism  (s) ;  For- 
tune (s) ;  Luck  (s) ;  Philosophy 

Refer  from  Children;  Family;  Husbands; 
Parents 

Refer  from  Ante-Nicene  fathers  (s) ;  Apostolic 
fathers;  Catholic  church;  Catholic  church  — 
Biography;  Christian  biography;  Church 
fathers  (s) ;  Church  history;  Church  history  — 
Early  church;  Patristics  (s) ;  Patrology  (s) ; 
Post-Nicene  fathers  (s) ;  Saints;  Theology 

Refer  from  Exhaustion  (s) ;  Hygiene;  Ner- 
vous system;  Overwork;  Rest;  Weariness  (s) 


Refer  from  Brain;  Mental  exhaustion  (s) ; 
Mental  fatigue  (s) ;  Mental  hygiene;  Mental 
overwork  (s) ;  Mind  and  body;  Neurasthenia; 
Psychology,  Physiological 


Refer  from  Mythology 
Refer  from  Legends 

Refer  from  Anxiety  (s) ;  Emotions;  Worry 

Refer  from  Animal  products;  Birds;  Millinery 

Refer  from    Fertility    (s) ;    Reproduction; 
Vital  statistics 


142 


Federal  government 

See  also  Democracy;  Nationalism,  New; 
Republics;  Secession;  State  governments; 
State  rights 

Federal  ownership  see  Government  ownership 

Federal  regulation  of  industry  see  Government 
regulation  of  industry 

Federation,  Imperial,  see  Imperial  federation 

Feeble-minded 

See  also  Children,  Abnormal  and  back- 
ward; Defectives;  Idiocy 


Feed  see  Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs 
Feed  water 

See  also  Boiler  scale;  Boilers;  Feed-water 
heaters;  Injectors;  Water  —  Purification 
Feed-water  heaters 

Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs 

See  also  Alfalfa;  Clover;  Corn;  F.nsilace; 
Forage  plants;  Grain;  Grasses;  Hay;  Live 
stock;  Oats;  Root  crops 


Feeling  see  Touch 

Feelings  see  Emotions 

Feet  see  Foot 

Felony  see  Crime  and  criminals 

Females  see  Women 

Fence  wire 

Fences 

See    also     Fence    wire;     Gates;     Hed 
Railings 
Fencing 

See  also  Dueling;  Swords 


ges; 


Fenians  (society) 

See       also       Canada  —  History —  1867-; 
Home    rule — Ireland;    Ireland  —  History; 
Ireland  —  Politics 
Fens  see  Marshes 
Fermentation 

See  also  Bacteriology;  Brewing;  Chemis- 
try, Organic;  Chemistry,  Technical;  En- 
zymes; Putrefaction;  Yeast 


Ferments  see  Enzymes ;  Fermentation 
Ferns 

See  also  Cryptogams 
Ferries 

See  also  names  of  cities,  subhead  Ferries 

Ferro-concrete  see  Concrete,  Reinforced 

Ferrotype 

l'"crtllity  see  Fecundity;  Soil  fertility 

Fertilization  of  plants 

See  also    Botany  —  Physiology ;    Color  of 
flowers;  Plant  breeding 


Fertilizers  and  manures 

See  also  Agricultural  chemistry;  Alfalfa; 
Ammonia;  Guano;  Gypsum;  Lime;  Nitrifi- 
cation; Peat;  Phosphates;  Soil  inoculation 


Refer  from  Confederacies  (s) ;  Constitutional 
law;  Democracy;  Free  institutions;  Govern- 
ment; Republics;  Secession 


Refer  from  Brain;  Children,  Abnormal  and 
backward;  Defectives;  Idiocy;  Imbecility  (s)  ; 
Insanity;  Mental  diseases;  Mentally  deficient 
children  (s) 


Refer   from    Boiler    scale;     Boilers;    Water; 
Water  —  Purification 
Refer  from  Feed  water 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Alfalfa;  Cattle; 
Corn;  Ensilage;  Feed  (s) ;  Fodder  (s) ;  Forage 
plants;  Grasses;  Hay;  Live  stock;  Sheep; 
Soiling  crops  (sj ;  Swine 


Refer  from  Barbed  wire  (s)  ;  Fences;  Wire 
Refer  from  Architecture;  Gates;  Railings 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Athletics;  Dueling; 
Fighting  (s)  ;  Military  art  and  science;  Sports; 
Swords 

Refer  from  Canada  —  History —  1867-; 
Home  rule — Ireland;  Ireland — -History; 
Ireland  —  Politics;  Secret  societies 


Refer  from  Bacteriology;  Botany — Physi- 
ology ;  Chemistry  ;  Chemistry,  Organic  ;  Chem- 
istry, Technical;  Enzymes;  Ferments  (s) ; 
Liquors;  Physiological  chemistry;  Putrefac- 
tion; Yeast 


Refer  from  Cryptogams;  Filices  (s) 

Refer  from    Inland    navigation;   Transporta- 
tion ;  Waterways 

Refer  from  Photography;  Tintype  (s) 


Refer  from  Botany;  Botany — Physiology; 
Color  of  flowers;  Flowers;  Insects;  Plants; 
Plants  —  Fertilization  (s) ;  Pollination  (s) 


Refer  from  Agricultural  chemistry;  Agricul- 
ture; Cuiaiio;  Manures  (s)  ;  Phosphates;  Soil 
fertility  ;  Soils 


143 


Festivals 

S:y  also  Fairs  ;  Fasts  and  feasts  ;  Holidays  ; 
f^'.^y     day;     Alusical     festivals;     Pageants; 
Play  festivals;    Processions;   Tournaments; 
a/so  names  of  cities,  subhead  Festivals,  etc. 
Fetichism  see  Fetishism 
Fetishism 

See  also  Animism  ;  Idolatry  ;  Tree  worship  ; 
Voodooism 
Feudal  system  see  Feudalism 
Feudalism 

See  also  Chivalry;  Civilization,  Medieval; 
Clans;  Knights  and  knighthood;  Manors; 
Middle  ages;  Peasantry;  Scutage;  Serfdom; 
Villeinage 

Feuds  see  Vendetta 
Fever 

See     also     Hay     fever;     Malaria;     Scarlet 

fever;  Typhoid  fever;  Typhus  fever;  Yellow 

fever 
Fiat   money  see   Coinage;   Greenbacks;   Legal 

tender;  Paper  money 
Fibers 

See    also     Cotton;     Flax;     Hemp;    Jute; 

Linen;   Ramie;    Silk;   Textile  industry   and 

fabrics;  Wool 

Fibres  see  Fibers 

Fiction 

See  also  Allegories;  Fables;  Fairy  tales; 
Folklore;  Historical  fiction;  Idealism  in 
literature;  Legends;  Naturalism  in  litera- 
ture; Novelists;  Plots  (drama,  novel,  etc.); 
Realism  in  literature;  Romances;  Short 
stories;*  also  American  fiction,  English 
fiction,  etc.;  also  Automobile  stories,  Col- 
lege stories.  Detective  stories.  Railroad 
stories,  School  stories.  Sea  stories,  and  simi- 
lar headings,  and  subhead  Fiction  under 
various  subjects 

Historical,  see  Historical  fiction 

Fiction  in  libraries 

See  also  Children's  literature 


Fictitious  names  see  Pseudonyms;  Fiction  — 
Dictionaries  ;  Literature  —  Dictionaries 

Fiddle  see  Violin 

Fidelity  see  Loyalty 

Field  artillery  see  Artillery 

Field  hospitals  see  Hospitals,  Military;  Medi- 
cine, Military 

Field  sports  see  Hunting;  Sports;  Track 
athletics 

Fifteenth  century 

See  also  Renaissance 

Fighting  see  Boxing;  Bullfights;  Dueling; 
Fencing;  Gladiators;  Military  art  and 
science;  Naval  art  and  science  ;  Tournaments  ; 
War 

Figure  drawing 

See  also  Anatomy,  Artistic;  Figure  paint- 

Figure  of  the  earth    see  Earth  —  Figure 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Carnivals  (s) ; 
Celebrations  (s) ;  Days;  Entertainments; 
Fasts  and  feasts;  Holidays;  Pageants;  Re- 
ligious festivals  (s) 


Refer  from  Animism  ;  Fetichism  (s)  ;  Idolatry; 
Indians  —  Religion;  Superstition;  Worship 


Refer  from  Chivalry;  Civilization,  Medieval; 
Feudal  system  (s) ;  Government;  Knights  and 
knighthood;  Land  tenure;  Law;  Alanors ; 
Middle  ages;  Scutage;  Serfdom;  Sociology; 
Vassals  (s) ;  Villeinage 


Refer  from  Inflammation;  Medicine  —  Prac- 
tice; Pathology 


Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Cordage; 
Cotton  ;  Fibres  (s)  ;  Flax  ;  Hemp  ;  Jute  ;  Linen  ; 
Ramie;  Textile  fibers  (s) ;  Textile  industry  and 
fabrics 


Refer  from  Ethics;  Literature;  Novels  (s) ; 
Romance  (s) ;  Romances;  Short  stories; 
Stories  (s) 


Refer  from  Books  and  reading;  Children's 
literature;  Libraries;  Libraries  and  fiction  (s) ; 
Library  administration 


Refer  from  History,   Modern;   Middle  ages; 
Renaissance 


Refer   from    Anatomy,    Artistic;    Drawing; 
Figure  painting;  Human  figure  in  art  (s) 


144 


Figure  painting 

See  also  Anatomy,  Artistic;  Figure  draw- 
ing; Painting;  Proportion  (art) 
Figures  of  speech  see  Rhetoric 

Files  and  rasps 
Filibusters 

See    also     Buccaneers;     Cuba  —  History; 
Pirates 
Filices  see  Ferns 
Filters  and  filtration 

See  also  Water — Purification;  Water 
supply 

Filtration  see  Filters  and  filtration 

Final  cause  see  Causation;  Teleology 

Finance 

See  also  Auditing;  Bankruptcy;  Banks 
and  banking;  Bimetallism;  Bonds;  Business 
depression;  Capital;  Capitalists  and  finan- 
ciers; Church  finance;  Claims;  Commerce; 
Corporations;  Credit;  Debts,  Public;  Eco- 
nomics; Exchange;  Foreign  exchange;  In- 
come; Insurance;  Interest;  Internal  reve- 
nue laws;  Investments;  Loans;  Money; 
Municipal  finance;  Panics;  Prices;  Repudia- 
tion; Securities;  Silver  (as  money);  Sinking 
funds  ;  Speculation  ;  Stock  exchange ;  Stocks ; 
Tariff;  Taxation;  Trust  companies;  Trusts; 
Wealth;  also  names  of  countries,  subhead 
Finance 

Financial  crises  see  Panics 

Financiers  see  Capitalists  and  financiers 

Finding  lists  see  Catalogs,  Library 

Fine  arts  see  Art 

Finger  plays 

Finger  marks  see  Finger  prints 

Finger  prints 

See  also  Bertillon  system;  Identification 


Finger  rings  see  Rings 
Fingers  see  Finger  prints;  Hand 
Finite  see  Infinite 
Finnish  language 

See  also  Ural-Altaic  languages 
Finnish  literature 

See  also  Finnish  poetry 
Finnish  poetry 

See  also  Finnish  literature 
Fire 

See     also      Combustion;      Fires;      Flame; 
Fuel;  Heat;  Heating;  Smoke;  also  headings 
beginning  Fire 
Fire  alarms 

Fire  balls  see  Meteors 
Fire  boats 

Fire  damp 

See    also     Mine     accidents;     Mine     fires; 
Mine  ventilation 
Fire  departments 

See  also  Fire  protection;  I'irenien;  also 
official  reports  of  fire  departments  under 
names  of  cities 


R'fer  from  Anatomy,  Artistic;  Figure  draw- 
in,':;  Human  figure  in  art  (s) ;  Painting 


Refer  from  Hardware;  Rasps  (s) ;  Tools 

Refer    from     Buccaneers;     Cuba  —  History; 
Freebooters  (s) 


Refer  from  I-'iltration  (s) ;  Sanitary  engineer- 
ing; Sewage;  Water  —  Purification;  Water 
supply 


Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Bimetallism; 
Bonds;  Business;  Commerce;  Debts,  Public; 
Economics;  Exchange;  Funds  (s) ;  Govern- 
ment; History;  Income;  Loans;  Money; 
Paper  money;  Revenue  (s) ;  Taxation;  Wealth 


Refer  from  Kindergarten 


Refer  from  Anthropometry;  Bertillon  sys- 
tem; Finger  marks  (s) ;  Fingers  (s) ;  Hand; 
Identification 


Refer  from  Ural-Altaic  languages 

Refer  from  Finnish  poetr}' 

Refer  from  Finnish  literature 

Refer  from  Chemistry;  Combustion;  Flame; 
Heat 

Refer  from  Electric  apparatus  and  appliances  ; 
Fires ;  Signals 

Refer  from    Boats    and    boating;    Fi'^e    pro- 
tection; Steamboats 

Refer  from    Gases;    Marsh    gas    (s) ;    Mine 
accidents;  Mine  fires;  Mine  \entilation 

Refer frovi  Fire  protection;  Firemen 


145 


Fire  drills 

Fire  engines 

Fire  escapes 

Fire  etching  see  Pyrography 

Fire  insurance  see  Insurance,  Fire 

Fire-places  see  Fireplaces 

Fire  prevention  see  Fire  protection 

Fire-proof  buildings  see  Fireproof  construction 

Fire  protection 

See    also    Fire    boats;    Fire    departments; 

Fire     drills;     Fire    engines;     Fire     escapes; 

Fireproof  construction;  Fireproofing 
Fire  walk 
Fire  worship 

See  also  Parsees ;  Zoroastrianism 

Firearms 

See  also  Ammunition;  Arms  and  armor; 

Arsenals;  Artillery;  Gunnery;  Gunpowder; 

Guns;      Ordnance;      Pistols;       Projectiles; 

Rifles;  Shooting;  Shotguns;  Target  practice 

Fireless  cookers 

Firemen 

See  also  Fire  departments 
Fireplaces 

See   also    Architecture,    Domestic;    Chim- 
neys ;  Mantels 

Fireproof  construction 

See  also  Building  laws;  Concrete  construc- 
tion; Fireproofing;  Steel  construction 


Fireproofing 

See  also  Asbestos;  Fireproof  construction 

Fires 

See  also  Chimneys;  Fire  alarms;  Fire  pro- 
tection; Forest  fires;  Insurance,  Fire;  Mine 
fires;    also    names    of   cities,    subhead    Fires 
and  fire  prevention 
Fireworks 

First  aid  in  illness  and  injury 

See  also  Accidents;  Bandages  and  bandag- 
ing; Battlefield  relief;  Burns  and  scalds; 
Drowning;  Poisons 


Fish 


See  also   Aquariums;   Fish   as   food;    Fish 
culture;  Fisheries;  Fishing;  Marine  zoology ; 
Vertebrates;  also  names  of  fishes,    e.g.    Sal- 
mon, Trout 
— U.  S. 

See  also  Fislicries  —  U.  S. 


Refer  from  Fire  protection;  School  manage- 
ment 

Refer  from  Engines;  Fire  protection;  Steam 
engines 

Refer  from  Building;  Building  laws;  Fire 
protection 


Refer  from  Fire  departments;  Fire  preven- 
tion (s) ;  Fires;  Municipal  improvement; 
Protection  from  fire  (s) 

Refer  from  Ordeals;  Rites  and  ceremonies 

Refer  from  Elements,  Worship  of;  Parsees; 
Worship;  Zoroastrianism 

Refer  from  Ammunition;  Arms  and  armor; 
Gunnery;  Guns;  Military  art  and  science; 
Ordnance;  Pistols;  Projectiles;  Rifles;  Shoot- 
ing; Small  arms  (s) ;  Weapons  (s) 

Refer  from  Cookery;  Hay  boxes  (s) ;  Hay 
stoves  (s) ;  Home  economics;  Stoves 

Refer  from  Fire  departments;  Life-saving 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Architecture,  Do- 
mestic; Chimneys;  Fire-places  (s) ;  Heating; 
House  decoration;  Mantels 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Building;  Building 
laws;  Building  materials;  Concrete  construc- 
tion; Fire-proof  buildings  (s) ;  Fire  protection; 
Fireproofing 

Refer  from  Fire  protection ;  Fireproof  con- 
struction; Insurance,  Fire 

Refer  from  Conflagrations  (s) ;  Disasters; 
Fire;  Life-saving;  Theater  fires  (s) 


Refer  from  Chemistry,  Technical;  Pyro- 
technics (s) 

Refer  from  Accidents;  Ambulance  drill  (s) ; 
Ambulances  ;  Bandages  and  bandaging ;  Battle- 
field relief;  Burns  and  scalds;  Drowning; 
Emergencies  (s) ;  Hospitals;  Injuries  (s) ;  Life- 
saving;  Medicine;  Medicine,  Military;  Nurses 
and  nursing ;  Poisons  ;  Relief  work  (s) ;  Surgery ; 
Surgery,  Military;  Therapeutics 

Refer  from  Fisheries;  Fishes  (s) ;  Iclithy- 
ology  (s) ;  Marine  zoology  ;  Pisces  (s) ;  Salmon  ; 
Trout;  Vertebrates;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Fisheries  —  U.  S.;  U.  S. — 
Fish  (s) ;  U.  S. —  Ichthyology  (s) ;  Zoology  — 
U.  S. 


Fish  as  food 

See  also  Sea  food 


Refer  from  Cookery;  Fisli ;  Food;  Sea  food 


146 


Fish  culture 

St'r  also  Fisheries 
Fisheries 

Sfe    also     Fish;     Fish     culture;     Fisiiing 
Seals  (animals) 

— u.  s. 

See  also  Fish  — -  U.  S. 


Fishermen 

Sre  also  Fishing;  Missions  —  Seamen 
Fishes  see  Fish 
Fishing 

See  also  Fisheries  ;  Fishermen  ;  Game  laws  ; 
Harpoons;  Salmon;  Trout 

Five  nations  see  Iroquois  Indians 
Flag  day 


Flagellants 


Flagellation  see  Flagellants ;  Flogging 
Flags 

See  also  Flag  da}';  Signals 


Flame 

See  also  Fire 
Flash-light      photography      see      Photography, 

Flash-light 
Flats  see  Apartment  houses 
Flavoring  extracts 

See     also     Elssences     and     essential     oils; 
Vanilla 

Flax 

See  also  Fibers;  Linen 

Fleets  see  Na\ies  ;  Ships;  Warships 
Flemish  language 

See  also  Germanic  languages 

Flies 

See   also    Diptera;    Hessian    flies;    Insects 
as  carriers  of  contagion;  Tsetse  flies 


Flight 

See     also      Aerodynamics;      Aeronautics; 
Animal     locomotion;     Animal      mechanics; 
Birds;  Flying  machines;  Wings 
Flint  implements  see  Stone  implements 
Flogging 

See  also  Corporal  punishment;  Flagellants 


Flood  see  Deluge 
Floods 

See  also  Insurance,  Casualty  ;  Meteorology  ; 
Ri\ers 

Floors 

See    also     Building;    Carpets;    Linoleum; 
Mosaics;  Pavements;  Ru:;s;  Sweeping 
Flora  see  Botany 


Refer  from  Fish;  Fisheries;  Pisciculture  (s) 

Refer  from  Fish;  Fish  culture;  Fishing; 
Industrial  arts;  Sea  fisheries  (s) 

Refer  from  Fish  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S. —  Fish- 
eries (s) ;  U.  S. —  Foreign  relations;  U.  S. — 
Industries  and  resources 

Refe r  from  Fishing 


Refer  from  Angling  (s)  ;  Aquatic  sports; 
Fish;  Fisheries;  Fishermen;  Hunting ;  Outdoor 
life;  Sports 

Refer  from  Flags;  Holidays 

Refer  from  Church  history;  Church  history 
—  Aiiddle  ages;  Fanaticism;  Flagellation  (s) ; 
Flogging;  Penitentes  (s) ;  Sects 


Refer  from  Banners  (s) ;  Ensigns  (s) ;  Herald- 
ry; Alilitary  art  and  science;  Signals;  Stand- 
ards (s) 

Refer  from  Fire;  Heat 


Refer  from  Cookery;  Essences  and  essential 
oils  ;  Extracts,  Flavoring  (s) ;  Food  ;  Vanilla 


Refer  from  Fibers;   Linen;  Textile  industry 
and  fabrics ;  Yarn 


Refer  from  Germanic  languages;  Low  German 
language 

Refer  from  Contagion  and  contagious  dis- 
eases; Diptera;  Fly  (s) ;  House  flies  (s) ; 
Household  pests;  Insects  as  carriers  of  con- 
tagion 

Refer  from  Aerodynamics;  Aeronautics; 
Animal  locomotion;  Animal  mechanics;  Birds; 
Flying  (s) ;  Locomotion  ;  Wings 


Refer  from  Corporal  punishment;  Flagella- 
tion (s) ;  Punishment;  Rod,  The  (s)  ;  \Vhip- 
plng  (s) 


Refer  from  Disasters;  History;  Ihdraulic 
engineering;  Inundations  (s);  Meteorology; 
Rivers 

Refer  from  Architecture;  I'ui'.ding;  Car- 
pent  ly 


147 


Floral  decoration 

See  also  Church  decoration  and  ornament; 
Flowers 

Floral    design    see    Design,    Decorative  •    Plant 
forms 

Floriculture 

See  also  Annuals  (plants);  Bulbs;  Electro- 
horticulture;  Flowers  ;  Fumigation  of  plants  ; 
Gardening;  Greenhouses;  Plant  breeding; 
Plant  propagation;  Window  gardening; 
also  names  of  special  flowers,  e.  g.  Carnations ; 
Lilies;  Orchids;  Roses;  Violets 

Flour  and  flour  mills 

See  also  Grain;  Wheat 


Flow  of  water  see  Hydraulics 

Flower     drawing     see     Flower     painting     and 

drawing 
Flower  forms  see  Plant  forms 
Flower  gardening  see  Floriculture 
Flower  gardens  see  Gardens 
Flower  language 

Flower  missions 

Flower  painting  and  drawing 

See  also  Plant  forms 

Flowers 

See  also  Artificial  flowers;  Botany;  Buds; 
Color  of  flowers;  Fertilization  of  plants; 
Floral  decoration;  Floriculture;  Flower  lan- 
guage ;  Flower  missions  ;  Flower  painting  and 
drawing;  Howers  in  poetry;  Glass  flowers"; 
National  flowers;  Odors;  Paper  flowers; 
Plants;  Wax  flowers;  Window  gardening; 
also  names  of  flowers,  e.g.  Carnations, 
Lilies,  Lotus,  Orchids,  Roses,  Violets 

Artificial,  see  Artificial  flowers 

Language  of,  see  Flower  language 

National,  see  National  flowers 

Flowers  in  poetry 

Fluids 

See    also    Gases;    Hydraulic    engineering; 
Hydraulics;  Hydrodynamics;  Hydrostatics; 
Jets ;  Liquids  ;  Mechanics  ;  Osmosis  ;  Physics  ; 
Solution  (chemistry) ;  Viscosity 
Flumes 

See    also     Hydro-electric    plants;    Irriga- 
tion canals;  Water  power 
Flute 

See   also    Musical    instruments;    Wind   in- 
struments 
Flute  ceremonies 

Fluxions  see  Calculus 
Fly  see  I'llcs 
l'"!\-Ing  see  I'MIght 
Flying  machines 

See  also  Aeronautic  motors;  Aeronautics; 
Aeroplanes 
Fodder  see  Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs 
Fog 

See  also  Fog  signals;  Meteorology 


Refer  from  Church  decoration  and  ornament; 
Decoration  and  ornament;  Flowers;  House 
decoration 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Annuals  (plants); 
Botan\';  Bulbs;  Carnations;  Flower  garden- 
ing (s) ;  Flowers;  Gardening;  Horticulture  (s) ; 
House  plants  (s) ;  Industrial  arts;  Lilies; 
Orchids;  Plants;  Plants,  Cultivated;  Roses; 
Violets;  Window  gardening 

Refer  from  Bread ;  Food ;  Grist  mills  (s) ; 
Manufactures;  Alilling  (flour)  (s) ;  Mills  and 
millwork;  Wheat 


Refer    from     Flowers;     Flowers,     Language 
of  (s) ;  Language  of  flowers  (s) ;  Plant  lore 
Refer  from  Charities;  Flowers 

Refer  from   Drawing;    Flower   drawing    (s) ; 
Flowers;  Painting;  Plant  forms 

Refer    from    Botany;     Botany,     Structural; 
Floral  decoration;  Floriculture;  Plants;  Wild 

flowers  (s) 


Refer    from     Flowers;     Poetry;     Poetry    of 
flowers  (s) 

Refer  from  Hydraulic  engineering;   Hydrau- 
lics; Hydrostatics;  Liquids;  Mechanics;  Phys- 


Refer  from  Irrigation  canals;  Water  power 


Refer  from  Musical  instruments;  Wind  in- 
struments 

Refer  from  Hopi  Indians;  Indians — Re- 
ligion; Rites  and  ceremonies 


Refer  from    Aerodromes    (s) ;    Aeronautics; 
Aeroplanes;  Flight;  Helicopters  (s) 


Refer  from  Meteorology;  Water 


Fog  signals 

Foliage  see  Leaves 

Folk  dances  see  Dancing 

Folk-lore  see  Folklore 

Folk  psychology  see  Ethnopsychology 

Folk  songs 

See  also  Ballads;  Carols;  Folklore;  Lulla- 
bies; National  songs;  Negro  songs;  Songs 

Folklore 

See  also  Animal  lore;  Animism;  Chap- 
books;  Charms;  Counting  out;  Devil; 
Divining  rod;  Evil  eye;  Fables;  Fairies; 
Fairy  tales;  Folk  songs;  Geographical 
myths;  Ghosts;  Legends;  IVLinners  and 
customs;  Medical  folklore;  Mythology; 
Nature  myths;  Nursery  rhymes;  Plant 
lore;  Proverbs;  Romances;  Sagas;  Super- 
stition; Weather  lore;  Witchcraft 

Celtic 

See  also  Legends,  Celtic 

Indians,  see  Indians  — •  Folklore 

Japan 

See  also  Legends  —  Japan 

Negroes,  see  Negroes  —  Folklore 

Folklore  of  animals  see  Animal  lore 

Folklore  of  medicine  see  Medical  folklore 

Folklore  of  plants  see  Plant  lore 

Fonts  see  Baptismal  fonts 

Food 

See  also  Animal  food  ;  Bakers  and  bakeries  ; 
Beverages;  Bread;  Butter;  Cannibalism; 
Cereals,  Prepared;  Chocolate;  Condiments; 
Cookery;  Corpulence;  Cost  of  living;  Diet; 
Digestion;  Dinners  and  dining;  Eating; 
Eggs;  Fish  as  food;  Flavoring  extracts; 
Flour  and  flour  mills;  Food  adulteration  and 
inspection;  Food  laws;  Food  preservation 
and  preservatives;  Food  supply;  Fruit; 
Grain;  Groceries;  Hygiene;  Liquors;  Mar- 
keting; Markets;  Meat;  Milk;  Mushrooms; 
Nutrition;  Nuts;  Oysters;  Poultry;  Pro- 
teins; Sea  food;  Stimulants;  Sugar;  Table; 
Temperance;  Vegetables;  Vegetarianism 

Analysis 

See  also  Food  adulteration  and  inspection 


Food  adulteration  and  inspection 

See  also  Adulterations;  Chemistry,  House- 
hold ;  Consumers'  leagues  ;  Food  —  Analysis  ; 
Food  laws;  Food  preservation  and  preserv- 
atives;  Meat  inspection;  Milk  supply; 
Oleomargarine 


Food    for    in\-alids   see   Cookery   for   the   sick; 

Diet 
Food    inspection    see    Food    adulteration    and 

inspection 
Food  laws 

See  also  Food  adulteration  and  inspection 

Food  preservation  and  preservatives 

See   also    Canning    and    preserving;    Cold 
storage;  Food  adulteration  and  inspection; 


Rejer  jrom  Fog;  Navigation;  Signals 


Refer  from  Ballads;  Folklore;  National 
songs ;  Songs 

Refer  from  Animal  lore  ;  Archaeology  ;  Eth- 
nolog)^ ;  Fables;  Fairies;  Fairy  tales;  Fiction; 
Folk-lore  (s) ;  Folk  songs  ;  Legends  ;  Literature ; 
Man;  Manners  and  customs;  Mythology; 
People;  Plant  lore;  Proverbs;  Sagas;  Super- 
stition; Traditions  (s) 


Refer  from  Celtic  folklore  (s) ;  Celts  ;  Legends, 
Celtic 

Refer  from  Japan  —  Folklore   (s) ;  Japanese 
folklore  (s) ;  Legends  —  Japan 


Refer  from  Beverages;  Cookery;  Diet; 
Digestion;  Dinners  and  dining;  Eating; 
Gastronomy  (s) ;  Home  economics;  Hygiene; 
Meals  (s) ;  Nutrition;  Table 


Refer  from  Analysis  of  food  (s)  ;  Chemistry, 
Household;  Food  adulteration  and  inspection; 
Sanitary  chemistry 

Refer  from  Adulterations  ;  Analysis  of  food  (s) ; 
Chemistry,  Household;  Food;  Food  —  Analy- 
sis ;  Food  inspection  (s) ;  Food  laws  ;  Food  pres- 
ervation and  preservatives;  Hygiene;  Hy- 
giene, Public;  Inspection  of  food  (s) ;  Meat 
inspection;  Pure  food  laws  (s) ;  Sanitary 
chemistry 


Refer  from    Food;    Food    adulteration    and 
inspection;  Pure  food  laws  (s) 

Refer  from    Canning   and    preserving;    Cold 
storage;  Food;   Food  adulteration  and  inspec- 


149 


Formaldeliyde;  Refrigeration  and  refrigerat- 
ing machinery 
Food  supply 

See    also    Agriculture — Statistics;    Corn 
laws;  Famines;  Packing  industry 
F*ools 

See  also  Idiocy 


tion ;     Preservation    of    food     (s) ;     Preserva- 
tives (food)  (s) 

Refer  from    Commerce;    Economics;    Food; 
Prices 

Refer  from  Clowns;  Court  fools  (s) ;  Humor; 
Jesters  (s) 


Foot 

See    also    Anatomy;     Boots     and     shoes;  Refer  from  Anatomy;  Feet  (s) ;  Toes  (s) 

Chiropody;  Hosiery 
Foot-racing  see  Running 
Foot-soldiers  see  Infantry 
Football 

See  also  College  athletics 


Footprints,  Fossil 

Fops  see  Dandies 
Forage  plants 

See  also  Alfalfa;  Clover;  Corn;  Ensilage; 
Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs;  Grasses;  Graz- 
ing; Pastures  and  meadows;  Sorghum 
Force  and  energy 

See   also    Centrifugal     force;     Dynamics; 
Dynamometer;    Electromotive    force;     Me- 
chanics ;  Alotion  ;  Physics  ;  Potential,  Theory 
of 
Forecasts 

iS^"^     also     Fortune     telling;     Prophecies; 
Utopias ;  Weather  forecasts 
Foreign  exchange 
See  also  Money 


Foreign  missions  see  Missions,  Foreign 
Foreign   relations   see   International   relations; 

also    names   of   countries,    subhead    Foreign 

relations 
Foreign  trade  see  Commerce 
Foreigners    see    Aliens;    Citizenship;    English 

language  —  For  foreigners;  Naturalization; 

also  names  of  countries  and  cities,  subhead 

Foreign  population 
Foremen's  schools 

Forenames  see  Names,  Personal 
Forensic  chemistry  see  Chemistry,  Legal 
Forensic  medicine  see  Medical  jurisprudence 
Foreordination  see  Predestination 
Forest  fires 
Forest  nurseries 

Forest  planting 

See  also  Tree  planting 


Forest  products 

See  also   Botany,   Economic;  Commercial 
products;    Gums    and    resins;    Lumber    and 
lumbering;    Rubber;   Timber;   Veneers   and 
veneering;  Wood;  Wood  pulp 
Forest  reserves 

See   also.  Forests    and    forestry;    National 
parks  and  reserves 


Refer  from  Ball  (s) ;  College  athletics; 
Games;  School  athletics 

Refer  from  Fossil  footprints  (s) ;  Ichnol- 
ogy  (s) ;  Paleontology 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Alfalfa;  Feeding 
and  feeding  stuffs;  Grasses;  Grazing;  Pastures 
and  meadows 

Refer  from  Conservation  of  energy  (s) ;  Cor- 
relation of  forces  (s) ;  Dynamics;  Energy  (s) ; 
Kinematics;  Matter;  Mechanics;  Meta- 
physics; Motion;  Philosophy;  Physics;  Power 

Refer  from  Future  (s) ;  Predictions  (s) ; 
Prophecies;  Utopias 

Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Cam- 
bistry (s) ;  Commerce;  Commercial  law;  Ex- 
change; Finance;  International  exchange  (s) ; 
Money 


Refer  from    Industrial   education;    Scientific 
management;  Technical  education 


Refer  from  Fires;  Forests  and  forestry 
Refer  from  Forests  and  forestry;  Nurseries 
(horticulture) ;  Trees 

Refer  from  Afforestation  (s) ;  Forests  and 
forestry;  Planting  (s) ;  Reforestation  (s) ;  Tree 
planting ;  Trees 

Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Botany, 
Economic;  Commercial  products 


Refer  from    Forests   and    forestry;    National 
parks  and  reserves;  U.  S.  —  Public  lands 


Forest  schools  see  Open-air  schools 

Forestalling  see  Monopolies 

Forestry  see  Forests  and  forestry 

Forestry    education   see   Forestry   schools    and 

.    education 

Forestry  schools  and  education 

Forests,  Petrified,  see  Petrified  forests 

Forests  and  forestry 

See  also  Arbor  day;  Conservation  of  re- 
sources; Evergreens;  Forest  fires;  Forest 
nurseries;  Forest  planting;  Forest  reserves; 
Forestry  schools  and  education;  Grafting; 
Landscape  gardening;  Lumber  and  lumber- 
ing; Natural  resources;  Pruning;  Timber; 
Tree  planting;  Trees;  Wood 

U.  S. 

Forge  work  see  Blacksmithing ;  Forging; 
Ironwork 

Forgeries  see  Antiques,  Forged  ;  Art  forgeries  ; 
Forgery;  Literary  forgeries  and  mystifica- 
tions 

Forgery 

See  also  Art  forgeries;  Counterfeits; 
Embezzlement;  Literary  forgeries  and  mys- 
tifications 

Forgery  of  antiques  see  Antiques,  Forged 

Forgery  of  works  of  art  see  Art  forgeries 

Forging 

See  also  Blacksmithing;  Dies;  Ironwork; 
Welding 

Form,  Musical,  see  Musical  form 

Formal  gardening  see  Landscape  gardening 

Formaldehyde 

See  also  Disinfection  and  disinfectants; 
Fumigation 

Formalin  see  Formaldehyde 

Forms  (in  law) 

See  also  Actions  at  law;  Affidavits;  Com- 
mercial law;  Conveyancing;  Deeds;  Mort- 
gages ;  Pleading  and  practice 

Fortification 

See  also  Castles;  Coast  defense;  Earth- 
work; Gunnery;  Military  architecture; 
Mines,  Military;  also  names  of  cities,  sub- 
head Fortifications,  and  names  of  countries, 
subhead  Defenses 

Forts  see  Fortification 

Fortune  see  Chance;  Fate  and  fatalism; 
Probabilities;  Success 

Fortune  telling 

See  also  Astrology;  Cards;  Clairvoyance; 
Crystal  gazing;  Divination;  Dreams;  Hal- 
loween; Palmistry 

Fortunes  see  Income;  Millionaires;  Wealth 
Fossil  footprints  see  Footprints,  Fossil 
Fossil  insects  see  Insects,  Fossil 
Fossil  mollusks  see  Mollusks,  Fossil 
Fossil  plants 

See  also  Paleontology;  Petrified  forests; 
Trees,  Fossil 


Refer  from  Agriculture  —  Study  and  teach- 
ing; Forestry  education  (s) ;  Forests  and  for- 
estry; Technical  education 

Refer  from  Agriculture;  Arboriculture  (s) ; 
Botany;  Conservation  of  resources;  Ever- 
greens; Forest  reserves;  Fo'restry  (s) ;  Land- 
scape gardening;  Lumber  and  lumbering; 
Natural  resources;  Silviculture  (s) ;  Timber; 
Trees ;  Water  supply  ;  Wood  ;  Woods  (s) 

Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Forests  and  forestry  (s) ; 
U.  S.  —  Industries  and  resources 


Refer  from  Counterfeits;  Crime  and  crimi- 
nals; Embezzlement;  Forgeries  (s) ;  Fraud; 
Imposture;  Writing 


Refer  from  Blacksmithing;  Dies;  Drop 
forging  (s) ;  Forge  work  (s) ;  Ironwork;  Ma- 
chine shop  practice 


Refer  from  Disinfection  and  disinfectants; 
Food  preservation  and  preservatives;  For- 
malin (s) ;  Fumigation 


Refer  from  Actions  at  law;  Business;  Com- 
mercial law;  Conveyancing;  Law;  Legal 
forms  (s) ;  Pleading  and  practice 

Refer  from  Architecture,  Military  (s) ;  Earth- 
work ;  Forts  (s) ;  Military  architecture;  Mili- 
tary art  and  science;  Military  engineering; 
Sieges 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Cards;  Character 
reading  (s) ;  Divination;  Dreams;  Fate  and 
fatalism;  Forecasts;  Future  (s) ;  Prophecies; 
Superstition 


Refer  from  Botany;  Botany,  Fossil  (s) ; 
Fossils  (s)  ;  Paleobotany  (s) ;  Paleontology; 
Plants,  Fos:;il  (s) 


Fossil  reptiles  see  Reptiles,  Fossil 

Fossil  trees  see  Trees,  Fossil 

Fossil  wood  see  Trees,  Fossil 

Fossils  see  Paleontology;  also  Fossil  plants, 
and  subhead  Fossil  under  various  animals 
and  plants 

Foundations 

See  also  Bridges  —  Foundations  and 
piers;  Building;  Caissons;  Civil  engineer- 
ing; Cofferdams;  Compressed  air;  Concrete; 
Earthwork;  Masonry;  Piles  and  pile  driv- 
ing; Shoring  and  underpinning;  Walls 

Founding  see  Foundry  work 

Foundlings 

See  also  Adoption;  Children  —  Charities, 
protection,  etc.;  Orphans  and  orphan  as\-- 
lums 

Foundry  work 

See  also  Cast  iron;  Cupola  furnaces; 
Pattern  making 


Fountains 

See  also  Springs 


Fourth  dimension 

Fourth  of  July 

See    also    Declaration    of    independence: 
Fourth  of  July  orations 

Fourth  of  July  orations 

Fowl  see  Poultry 
Fowling  see  Falconry 
Fowls  see  Poultry 
Fox  see  Foxes 
Foxes 

See  also  Carnivora 


Radiography;    Surgery; 
see  Picture  frames 


Fractures 

See   also    Bones ; 
X  raj^s 
Frames  (for  pictures) 
France  —  History 

See  also  Basques 

To  1328 

See  also  Franks;  Gauls 

House  of  Valois,  1328-1589 

iSV^  also  Agincourt,  Battle  of;  Hugue- 
nots; Hundred  years'  war;  Reforma- 
tion—  France;  St.  Bartholomew's  day, 
Massacre  of 

Bourbons,  1 589-1 789 

See  also  Austrian  succession.  War  of; 
Diamond  necklace  affair;  French  and 
Indian  war;  Fronde;  Iron  Mask;  Sc\en 
years'  war;  Spanish  succession.  War  of 

Revolution,  see  French  re\olution 

■ — Consulate  and  empire,  1799-1815 

See  also  Napoleonic  wars;  I'eninsular 
war,  1S07-1814;  Waterloo,  Battle  of 
Restoration,  1815-1848 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Building;  Caissons; 
Civil  engineering;  Cofferdams;  Earthwork; 
Engineering;  Masonry;  Piles  and  pile  driving; 
Shoring  and  underpinning;  Walls 


Refer  from  Children;    Children  —  Charities, 
protection,  etc.;  Orphans  and  orphan  asylums, 


Refer  from  Cast  iron;  Casting  (s) ;  Cupola 
furnaces;  Founding  (s) ;  Furnaces;  Industrial 
arts;  Iron;  Iron  founding  (s) ;  Iron  industry; 
Machine  shop  practice;  Metals;  Molding  (s) ; 
Moulding  (s) ;  Pattern  making;  Steel;  Tu- 
yeres (s) 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Hydraulic  engineer- 
ing; Water  supply 

Refer  from  Dimension,  Fourth  (s) ;  Geom- 
etry; Hyperspace  (s) ;  Mathematics;  Space 

Refer  from  Declaration  of  independence; 
Holidays;  Independence  day  (s) ;  July 
fourth  (s) 

Refer  from  Fourth  of  July;  Orations,  Ameri- 
can ;  U.  S.  —  History  —  Revolution 


Refer  from.  Carnivora;  Fox  (s) ;  Fur-bearing 
animals ;  Hunting 

Refer  from  Bones;  Surgery 


Refer  from  Franks;  Gauls 

Refer  from  Agincourt,  Battle  of;  Hundred 
years'  war;  Reformation — France;  St.  Bar- 
tholomew's day,  Massacre  of 


Refer  from  Ancien  regime  (s) ;  Austrian  suc- 
cession, War  of;  Fronde 


Refer    from     Napoleonic     wars;      Waterloo, 
Battle  of 


152 


France  — History  —  Continued 
Revolution  of  1848 

Sff  also  France  —  History  —  Second 
republic 

Second  republic,  1848-1852 

See  also  France  —  History  —  Revo- 
lution of  1848;  France — History  — 
Coup  d'etat,   1851 

Coup  d'etat,  1851 

See  also  France  —  History  —  Second 
republic;  France  —  History  —  Second 
empire 

Second  empire,  1852-1870 

See  also  Crimean  war;  France  — 
History — Coup  d'etat,  1851;  Franco- 
German  war 

Franco-German     war,     1870-1871,     see 

Franco-German  war 

Third  republic,  1870- 

See      also       Paris  —  History  —  Siege 
and  commune,  1871 
Franchise  see  Suffrage 

Franchise   taxation   see   Corporations  —  Taxa- 
tion 
Franchises,  Municipal,  see  Municipal      fran- 
chises 
Franciscans 

See  also  Capuchins;  Monasticism 


Franco-German  war,  1 870-1 871 

See  also  France  —  History  —  Second 
empire;  Paris  —  History — Siege  and  com- 
mune, 1871;  Sedan  campaign 


Franking  privilege 
Franks 

See    also    France — History  —  To     1328, 
Germany  —  History  —  To  1 5  1 7 

Fraternal  insurance  see  Benefit  societies 
Fraternities,  Bcne\olent,  see  Benefit  societies 
Fraternities,  College 

See  also  Hazing;  Secret  societies 


Fraternities,  High  school 


Fraud 

See  also  Antiques,  Forged;  Art  forgeries; 
Counterfeits;  Forgery;  Imposture;  Swin- 
dlers and  swindling 

Frauds,    Literary,    see    Literary    forgeries    and 
mystifications 

Free  agency  see  Freedom  of  the  will 

Free  churches 

Free     coinage    of    silver    see    Coinage;      Silver 
(as  money)  ' 

Free-hand  drawing  see  Drawing 

Free  institutions 

See  also  Democracy;  Federal  go\'ernmcnl  ; 
Liberty;  Representati\'e  government  and 
representation;  Republics 


Refer  from    France  —  History  —  Second 
republic;  Revolutions 

Refer  from  France  —  History  —  Revolution 
of     1848;     France  —  History  —  Coup     d'etat, 

1851 

Refer  Jrom  Coup  d'etat  of  185  i  (s);  France 
—  History  —  Second  republic;  France  —  His- 
tory —  Second  empire 

Refer  from  France  —  History  —  Coup 
d'etat,  1 851;  Franco-German  war 


Refer  from    Commune,    Paris    (s) ;    Paris  — 
History  —  Siege  and  commune 


Refer  from  Capuchins;  Friars  minor  (s)  ; 
Gray  friars  (s)  ;  Grey  friars  (s) ;  Alinorites  (s)  ; 
Monasticism;  Religious  orders 

Refer  from  France — History — Second 
empire  ;  France  —  History  —  Franco-German 
war  (s)  ;  Germany  —  History —  1866-;  Paris  — 
History — Siege  and  commune;  Sedan  cam- 
paign 

Refer  from  Postal  service 

Refer  from  France — History  —  To  1328; 
Germany  —  History  —  To  15 17;  Teutonic 
race 


Refer  from  College  fraternities  (s) ;  Colleges 
and  universities;  Greek  letter  societies  (s) ; 
Hazing;  Secret  societies;  Societies;  Student 
life 

Refer  from  Greek  letter  societies  (s) ;  High 
school  fraternities  (s) ;  High  schools;  Secret 
societies;  Societies 

Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Imposture; 
Misrepresentation  (s) ;  Swindlers  and  swin- 
dling 


Refer  jrom  Church  polity;  Churches  (s) 


Refer  from  Go\crnment;  Liberty 


153 


Free  masons  see  Freemasons 

Free  religion 

See  also  Free  thought;  Liberty  of  con- 
science 

Free     schools     see     Charity     schools;     Public 
schools 

Free  seed  distribution  see  Seeds  —  Distribution 

Free  soil  party 

See  also  Slavery  in  the  U.  S. ;  U.  S.  — • 
History  —  1815-1861 

Free  speech  see  Liberty  of  speech 

Free  thinking  see  Free  thought 

Free  thought 

See  also  Agnosticism;  Deism;  Free  re- 
ligion; Rationalism;  Religious  liberty; 
Secularism;  Skepticism 

Free  trade  see  Tariff  question 

Free  will  see  Freedom  of  the  will 

Freebooters    see    Buccaneers;    Filibusters; 
Pirates 

Freedmen 

See  also  Negroes;  Reconstruction;  Slavery 

Freedom  see  Liberty;  Slavery 

Freedom  of  the  press  see  Liberty  of  the  press 

Freedom  of  the  will 

See  also  Necessity;  Predestination;  Will 


Freemasons 


Templai-s 

See  also  Templars 

Freezing  see  Cold;  Frost;  Ice;  Plants,  Effect 
of  temperature  on;  Refrigeration  and  re- 
frigerating machinery 

Freight 

See  also  Carriers;  Demurrage;   Railroads 

—  Rates;  Transportation 

Freight  rates  s^e  Freight.  For  railroad  freight 
rates  see  Railroads  —  Rates 

French  and  Indian  war,  1755-1763 

See  also   Indians  —  Wars ;   Pontiac's  con- 
spiracy; Seven  years'  war;  U.  S.  —  History 

—  Colonial  period 


French-Canadian    literature   see   Canadian 

literature 
French-Canadians 

See  also   Acadians;   Canada  —  History  — 

Rebellion,  1837-1838 

French  drama 

See     also     Dramatists,     French;     French 
literature;  Theater —  France 
French  essays 

See  also  French  literature 


Refer  from  Free  thought;  Religion;  Religious 
liberty;  Theology;  Unitarianism 


Refer  from  Political  parties;  Republican 
party;  Slavery  in  the  U.  S.;  U.  S.  —  History 
—  1815-1861 


Refer  from  Deism;  Free  religion;  Free  think- 
ing (s) ;  Rationalism;  Religious  liberty;  Skep- 
ticism 


Refer      from       Negroes;       Reconstruction; 
Slavery;  Slavery  in  the  U.  S. 


Refer  from  Determinism  (s) ;  Ethics;  Fate 
and  fatalism;  Free  agency  (s) ;  Free  will  (s) ; 
Indeterminism  (s) ;  Liberty  of  the  will  (s) ; 
Necessity;  Predestination;  Psychology; 
Theology ;  Will 

Refer  from  Anti-masonry  (s) ;  Free  ma- 
sons (s) ;  Knights  of  the  red  cross  (s) ;  Masons 
(secret  order)  (s) ;  Secret  societies 

Refer  from  Knights  templars  (masonic)  (s) ; 
Order  of  the  temple  (s) ;  Templars 


Refer  from  Carriers;  Commerce;  Freight 
rates  (s) ;  Railroads;  Railroads — Freight  (s) ; 
Transportation ;  Waterways 


Refer  from  Canada — History  —  To  1763; 
England  —  History  —  1714-1837  ;  France  — 
History — Bourbons;  French  in  America; 
Indians  —  Wars;  New  York  (state)  —  His- 
tory; Seven  years'  war;  U.  S.  —  History  — 
Colonial  period;  U.  S.  —  History — French 
and  Indian  war  (s) 


Refer  from  Canada  —  Social  life  and  cus- 
toms; Ethnology  —  Canada;  French  in  Amer- 
ica; National  characteristics,  Canadian 

Refer  from  Dramatists,  French;  French 
literature;  French  poetry;  Theater  —  France 

Refer  from  Essays;  French  literature 


154 


French  fiction 

See  also  French  literature 
French  in  America 

See  also  Canada  —  History  —  To  1763 
(Xevv  France);  French  and  Indian  war; 
French-Canadians;  Queen  Anne's  war;  U.  S. 
—  History — Revolution — French  par- 

ticipation 
French  language  [subdivided  like  German  lan- 
guage] 
See    also    Commercial    correspondence  — 
French;     Precieuses;     Provencal     language; 
Romance  languages 
French  literature 

See  also  Authors,  French;  Charlemagne  — 
Romances;  Encyclopedists;  French  drama; 
French  essays;  French  fiction;  French 
poetry;  Precieuses;  Provencal  literature; 
Romance  literature;  Symbolism  in  literature 
French  philosophy  see  Philosophy,  French 
French  poetry 

See  also  Fabliaux;  French  drama;  French 
literature;    Poets,      French;     Troubadours; 
Trouveres 
French  revolution 

See  also  Chouans ;  Girondists;  Jacobins; 
Napoleonic  wars;  Vendean  war 


Causes 

Personal  nan^atives 

French  salons  see  Salons 
French  spoliation  claims 

Fresco  painting  see  Frescoes 
Frescoes    • 

See  also   Mural  painting  and  decoration; 
Stencil  work 

Fresh  air  charity 

Fresh  air  schools  see  Open-air  schools 
Fresh-water  fauna 

See    also    Aquariums;     Fresh-water    life; 
Insects,  Aquatic 
Fresh-water  flora  see  Aquatic  plants 
Fresh-water  life 

See     also     Aquatic     plants;     Fresh-water 
fauna  ;  Plankton 

Fret  cutting  see  Grilles;  Lattice;  Wood  carving 

Friars  see  Monasticism 

Friars  minor  see  Franciscans 

Friars  preachers  see  Dominicans 

Friction 

See  also   Bearings    (machinery);    Lubrica- 
tion and  lubricants 

Friendly  societies  see  Benefit  societies 
Friendly  visiting 

See  also  Charities 


Refer  from  French  literature 


Refer    from     Canada 
(Xew  France) 


History  —  To    1763 


Friends,  Society  of 


Refer  from  Langue  d'oi'l   (s) ;   Romance  lan- 
guages 


Refer  from  Authors,  French;  French  drama: 
French  essays;  French  fiction;  French  poetry: 
Proven9al  literature;  Romance  literature 


Refer  from  French  literature;  Poets,  French 


Refer  from  Directory,  French  (s) ;  France  — 
History — Revolution  (s) ;  Girondists;  Jac- 
obins; Reign  of  terror  (s) ;  Revolutions; 
Terror,  Reign  of  (s) ;  Vendean  war 


Refer  from  Claims;  U.  S. —  Foreign  relations 
—  France;  U.  S. —  History  —  1783-1812 


Refer  from  Art;  Decoration  and  ornament; 
Fresco  painting  (s) ;  House  painting;  Mural 
painting  and  decoration;  Painting 

Refer  from  Charities;  Children  —  Charities, 
protection,  etc. 


Refer  from  Aquariums;  Aquatic  animals  (s) ; 
Fresh-water  life;  Marine  zoology;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Aquatic  life  (s) ;  Aquatic  plants; 
Brook  life  (s) ;  Fresh-water  fauna;  Limno- 
biology  (s);  Plankton;  Pond  life  (s) ;  Ponds 


Refer  from  Bearings  (machinery);  Lubrica- 
tion and  lubricants;  Machinery;  Mechanical 
engineering;  Mechanics;  Physics 


Refer  from  Charities;  Charity;  Poor;  Social 
settlements;  Social  work 

Refer  from  Congregationalism;  Dissenters; 
Nonresistance ;  Persecution;  Puritans;  Quak- 
ers (s) ;  Sects;  Society  of  Friends  (s) 


155 


Friendship 

See  also  Love;  Sympathy 

Froebel  system  of  education  see  Kindergarten 
Frogs 

See  also  Amphibia  ;  Toads 
Fronde 

See  also  France  —  History  — •  Bourbons 
Frontier  and  pioneer  life 

See  also   Colonial   life   and   customs;   Col- 
onies and  colonization;  Cowboys;  Indians  — 
Captivities;      Overland     journeys      to      the 
Pacific;  Ranch  life;  Western  states 
Frontiers 

See  also  Boundaries 

Frost 

See  also  Cold;  Frost  protection;  Ice; 
Plants,  Effect  of  temperature  on;  Refrigera- 
tion and  refrigerating  machinery 

Frost  protection 


Fruit 

See  also  Berries;  Canning  and  preserving; 
Fruit  culture;  Nuts;  also  names  of  fruits, 
e.g.  Apple,  Grape,  Orange,  Peach,  Pear 

Diseases  and  pests 

See  also  Fumigation  of  plants;  Fungi; 
Insects,  Injurious  and  beneficial;  Plants  — 
Diseases;  Scale  insects;  Spraying;  Trees 
—  Diseases  and  pests;  also  names  of 
diseases  and  pests,  e.g.  Crown  gall.  Codling 
moth 
Evaporation 

Fruit  culture 

See  also  Agriculture;  Frost  protection; 
Fruit — Diseases  and  pests;  Fumigation  of 
plants;  Fungicides;  Gardening;  Grafting; 
Nurseries  (horticulture);  Pruning;  Spray- 
ing; also  names  of  fruits 
Fruit  pests  see  Fruit  —  Diseases  and  pests 
Fuel 

See  also  Briquets;  Calorimeters  and 
calorimetry;  Charcoal;  Coal;  Coke;  Fur- 
naces ;  Gas  ;  Gas,  Natural ;  Heating ;  Lignite  ; 
Liquid  fuel;  Peat;  Petroleum;  Smoke; 
\\'ood 
Fugitive  slaves 

See  also   Alaroons ;   Underground   railroad 
(slavery) 
Fugue 

See  also  Canon  (music)  ;  Musical  form 


Fumigation 

See    also    Disinfection    and    disinfectants; 
Formaldehyde;  Fumigation  of  plants 

Fumigation  of  plants 

See  also  Fruit —  Diseases  and  pests 


Refer  from   AflFection    (s) ;    Conduct   of  life.; 
Ethics;  Love;  Sympathy 


Refer  from  Amphibia;  Toads 

Refer  from  France  —  History  —  Bourbons 

Refer  from  Ad\enture;  Border  life  (s) ; 
Colonies  and  colonization;  Overland  journeys 
to  the  Pacific;  Pacific  states;  Pioneer  life  (s) ; 
\\  estern  states 

Refer  from  Boundaries;  International  re- 
lations 

Refer  from  Cold;  Freezing  (s) ;  Meteorology; 
Water 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Frost;  Fruit  cul- 
ture; Gardening;  Orchard  heating  (s) ;  Pro- 
tection from  frost  (s) 

Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Apple; 
Berries;  Botany;  P'ood ;  Grape;  Orange; 
Orchards  (s) ;  Peach;  Pear;  Pomology  (s) ; 
Small  fruit  (s) ;  Trees 

Refer  from  Agricultural  pests;  Bacteriology. 
Agricultural;  Fruit  culture;  Fruit  pests  (s) ; 
Fumigation  of  plants;  Fungi;  Insects,  Injuri- 
ous and  beneficial;  Plants — -Diseases;  Spray- 
ing; Trees  — •  Diseases  and  pests 

Refer  from  Evaporation  of  fruit  (s) 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Arboriculture  (s) ; 
Fruit;  Gardening;  Grafting;  Horticulture  (s) ; 
Orchards  (s) ;  Pomology  (s) ;  Pruning 


Refer  from  Boilers;  Briquets;  Chemistry, 
Technical;  Combustion;  Engines;  Fire;  Fur- 
naces; Heating;  Home  economics;  Manufac- 
tures; Mechanical  engineering;  Smoke 


Refer  from  Slavery  in  the  U.  S. ;  Underground 
railroad  (slavery) 

Refer  from  Canon  (music) ;  Composition 
(music);  Counterpoint;  Music;  Music  — 
Theory;  Musical  form 

Refer  from  Contagion  and  contagious  dis- 
eases; Disinfection  and  disinfectants;  Formal- 
dehyde; Smoke 

Refer  from  Floriculture;  Fruit — Diseases 
and  pests;  Fruit  culture;  l'"umigation ;  Gar- 
dening 


1^6 


Functions 

Si-e  also  Calculus;  Groups,  Theory  of 


Funds  see  Finance;  Sinking  funds 
Funeral  rites  and  ceremonies 

See  also  Burial;  Funeral  sermons;  Indians 
• —  Mortuary  customs;  Mourning  customs 

Funeral  sermons 

See  also  Obituaries 

Fungi 

See  also  Bacteriology;  Crown   gall;  Cryp- 
togams;    Dry    rot;     Fruit — Diseases    and 
pests;  Fungicides;  Galls  (botany);  Mildew; 
Mold;  Mushrooms;  Plants  —  Diseases 
Fungicides 

See  also  Bordeaux  mixture;  Spraying 

Fur 

See  also  Fur-bearing  animals;  Fur  trade; 
Hides  and  skins 
Fur-bearing  animals- 

See    also    names    of    fur-bearing    animals, 
e.g.  Foxes,  Seals  (animals).  Wolves 
Fur  seals  see  Seals  (animals) 
Fur  trade 

See  also  Hudson  Bay  company;  Trapping 

Furnaces 

See  also  Blast  furnaces;  Boilers;  Cupola 
furnaces;  Electric  furnaces;  Foundry  work; 
Fuel ;  Mechanical  draft ;  Metallurgy  ;  Smelt- 
ing 

Furniture 

See  also  Antiques;  Bamboo;  Beds;  Cabi- 
net work;  Candlesticks;  Chairs;  Church 
furniture;  Garden  ornaments  and  furniture; 
House  decoration;  Lamps;  Library  fittings 
and  supplies;  Mirrors;  School  furniture  and 
equipment;  Upholstery;  Veneers  and  ve- 
neering; Wood  carving 

Colonial 

Furs  see  Fur 

Future  see  Forecasts;  Fortune  telling;  Future 

lite;  Prophecies 
Future  life 

See     also    Annihilation;     Death;     Escha- 

tology;      Eternity;      Future      punishment; 

Heaven  ;  Hell ;  Judgment  day ;  Millennium  ; 

Purgatory;   Resurrection;    Salvation;   Soul; 

Spiritualism;  Transmigration 


Future  punishment 

See    also    l'"uiure    life;    Hell;    Purgatory; 
Universalism 


Future  religion  see  Religion  of  the  future 
Fylfot  see  Swastika 


Refer  from  Algebra ;  Analysis  (mathe- 
matics) (s) ;  Calculus;  Elliptic  functions  (s) ; 
Logarithms 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Burial;  Christian 
antiquities;  Death;  Manners  and  customs; 
Alortuary  customs  (s) ;  Rites  and  ceremonies 

Refer  from  Funeral  rites  and  ceremonies; 
Obituaries;  Sermons 

Refer  from  Agricultural  pests;  Cryptogams; 
Fruit — Diseases  and  pests;  Microbes  (s) ; 
Mildew;  Mold;  Mushrooms;  Mycology  (s) ; 
Parasites;  Pests  (s) ;  Plants  —  Diseases 

Refer  from  Bordeaux  mixture;  Fruit  culture; 
Fungi;  Germicides  (s) ;  Spraying 

Refer  from  Animal  products;  Clothing; 
Furs  (s) ;  Hides  and  skins 

Refer  from  Fur;  Mammals;  Zoology;  Zo- 
ology, Economic 


Refer  from  Canada —  Commerce  ;  Commerce; 
Fur;  Hudson  Bay  company;  Trapping 

Refer    from     Fuel;     Heating;     Metallurgy; 
Smelting 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Beds;  Cabinet 
work;  Chairs;  Decoration  and  ornament; 
Home  economics;  House  decoration;  Indus- 
trial arts;  Interior  decoration  (s) ;  Manufac- 
tures; Upholstery;  Wood  carving 


Refer  from  Colonial  furniture   (s) ;   Colonial 
life  and  customs 


Refer  from  Annihilation;  Death;  Escha- 
tology;  Eternal  life  (s) ;  Eternity;  Future  (s) ; 
Future  punishment;  Hades  (s) ;  Heaven; 
Hell;  Immortality  (s) ;  Intermediate  state  (s) ; 
Judgment  day;  Life;  Man;  Millennium; 
Natural  religion;  Philosophy;  Probation 
(theology)  (s) ;  Purgatory;  Religion;  Resur- 
rection; Retribution  (s) ;  Salvation;  Soul; 
Theology;  Universalism 


Refer  from  Death;  Endless  punishment  (s) ; 
Eschatology;  Future  life;  Hell;  Punishment; 
Purgatory;  Retribution  (s) ;  Sin;  Theology; 
Universalism 


157 


Gables 

See  also  Roofs 
Gadhelic  literature  sfe  Celtic  literature 
Gadsden  purchase 

Gaelic  language 

See  also  Celtic  languages;  Irish  language 

Gaelic  literature 

See  also  Celtic  literature;   Irish  literature 
(Celtic) 
Gaels  see  Celts 
Gaging 

Galaxy  see  Milky  way 
Gales  see  Storms ;  Winds 
Gallanty  shows  see  Shadow  pantomimes 
Galleries    (art)    see    Art — Galleries    and    mu- 
seums; also  special  galleries 
Galleys 

Gallic  wars 

See    also    Gauls;    Rome  —  History —  Re- 
public 
Galilean  church  see  Catholic  church  in  France 
Galls  (botany) 

See  also  Crown  gall 

Galvanic  batteries  see  Electric  batteries 
Galvanism  see  Electricity 
Galvanizing 

See  also  Electroplating;  Plating 

Galvanometer 

See  also  Electric  measurement 

Galvanoplasty  see  Electrometallurg\- ;  Electro- 
plating; Electrotyping 
Galveston  plan  of  city  go\ernment  see    Munic- 
ipal government  —  Commission  plan 
Gambling 

See    also    Betting;    Cards;    Dice;    Horse 
racing;  Lotteries;  Poker;  Probabilities 
Game 

See  also  Game  birds;  Game  laws;  Game 
protection;    Hunting;    Shooting;   Tracking; 
Trapping;  also  names  of  animals,  e.g.  Deer 
Game  birds 

See     also      Falconry;     Game;      Shooting; 
also  names  of  game  birds,  e.g.  Ducks 
Game  laws 

See  also  Game  protection;  Poaching 


Game  protection 

See  also  Game  laws 


Games 

See  also  Amusements;  Athletics;  Back- 
gammon; Baseball;  Basket-ball;  Billiards; 
Bowling;  Cards,  and  names  of  card  games; 
Checkers;  Chess;  College  athletics;  Count- 
ing out;  Cricket;  Croquet;  Curling;  Dice; 
Dominoes ;  Football ;  Gambling;  Golf;  Hand- 
ball;    Hockey;    Indians  —  Games;    Kinder- 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Roofs 

Refer  from   Arizona;    New   Me.xico ;   U.   S. — 
Annexations 

Refer    from     Celtic     languages;     Erse     (s) ; 
Irish  language;  Scottish  language  (s) 

Refer  from  Celtic  literature;   Irish  literature 
(Celtic) ;  Scottish  literature 

Refer     from      Gauging      (s)  ;      Mensuration; 
Weights  and  measures 


Refer    from     Punishment;     Ships;     Slavery; 
Warships 

Refer  from    Gauls;    Rome  —  History — Re- 
public 


Refer   from    Botany  —  Physiology;     Fungi; 
Plants  —  Diseases 


Refer  from   Electrogalvanizing    (s)  ;    Electro- 
plating; Iron;  Plating;  Zinc 

Refer  from  Electric  apparatus  and  appliances  ; 
Electric  measurement 


Refer    from     Betting;     Cards;     Crime     and 
criminals;  Ethics;  Games;  Gaming  (s)  ;  Sports 

Refer  from  Big  game  (s) ;  Game  birds;  Hunt- 
ing; Shooting;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Birds;  Ducks;  Falconry;  Game; 
Hunting;  Shooting;  Wild  fowl  (s) 

Refer  from  Animals  —  Protection  (s) ;  Birds 
• — -Protection;  Fishing;  Game;  Game  pro- 
tection; Hunting;  Law;  Poaching 

Refer  from  Animals  —  Protection  (s) ;  Birds 
—  Protection;  Game;  Game  laws;  Hunting; 
Protection  of  game  (s) 

Refer  from  Amusements;  .Athletics;  Cards; 
Pastimes  (s) ;  Physical  education;  Pla}- ; 
Recreation  (s) ;  Sports 


garten  —  Games  and  songs  ;  Lacrosse  ;  Olym- 
pic games  ;  Ping-pong;  Play;  Polo  ;  Rackets  ; 
School  athletics;  Solitaire;  Sports;  String 
figures;  Tennis;  Toys 

Gaming  see  Gambling 

Gaols  see  Prisons 

Garages 

Garbage  see  Refuse  and  refuse  disposal 
Garden  cities 

See  also  Cities  —  Planning  and  laying  out 


Garden   furniture   see   Garden   ornaments   and 

furniture 
Garden  of  Eden  see  Eden 
Garden  ornaments  and  furniture 

See  also  Concrete  pottery;   Rustic  wood- 
work 

Gardening 

See  also  Acclimatization  (plants) ;  Agri- 
cultural pests;  Agriculture;  Botany;  Electro- 
horticulture;  Floriculture;  Frost  protection; 
Fruit  culture;  Fumigation  of  plants;  Gar- 
dens; Grafting;  Greenhouses;  Insects,  In- 
jurious and  beneficial;  Landscape  garden- 
ing; Lawns;  Market  gardening;  Nurseries 
(horticulture);  Plant  breeding;  Plant  propa- 
gation; Pruning;  School  gardens;  Seedlings; 
Seeds  ^  Selection  and  testing;  Shrubs; 
Spraying;  Vacant  lot  cultivation;  Vegeta- 
bles; Weeds;  Window  gardening 
Gardens 

See  also  Botanical  gardens;  Garden  orna- 
ments and  furniture;  Gardening;  Landscape 
gardening;  School  gardens;  Water  gardens 
Garment  cutting  [for  underwear,  white  goods, 
etc.] 

See  also  Dressmaking;  Tailoring 

Garnishment  see  Attachment 
Garter,  Order  of  the 


Gas 

See  also  Acetylene;  Chemistry,  Techni- 
cal; Coal-tar  products;  Gas  and  oil  engines; 
Gas  lighting;  Gas  producers;  Gases;  In- 
candescent gas-lighting;  Petroleum 

Natural 

See  also  Geology,  Economic 

Gas  and  oil  engines 

See  also  Alcohol  motors;  Gas  producers; 
Heat  engines;  Liquid  fuel 


Gas  companies 

See  also  Gas  lighting 

Gas  engines  see  Gas  and  oil  engines 


Refer  from  Architecture ;  Automobiles  ;  Barns 
and  stables 


Refer  from  Cities;  Cities  —  Planning  and 
laying  out;  Housing  problem;  Industrial 
betterment;  Municipal  improvement 


Refer  from  Furniture;  Garden  furniture  (s) ; 
Gardens;  Landscape  gardening;  Rustic  wood- 
work 

Refer  from  Agriculture;  Botany;  Country 
life;  Farm  life;  Floriculture;  Fruit  culture; 
Gardens;  Home  economics;  Horticulture  (s) ; 
Industrial  arts;  Kitchen  gardening  (vege- 
tables) (s) ;  Landscape  gardening;  Market 
gardening;  Planting  (s) ;  Plants;  Plants,  Culti- 
vated; School  gardens;  Shrubs;  Vegetable 
gardening  (s) ;  Vegetables 


Refer  from   Botanical   gardens;   Flower  gar- 
dens (s) ;  Gardening;  Landscape  gardening 


Refer  from    Clothing;    Cutting    (s) ;    Dress- 
making; Under\fear 


Refer  from  Knights  and  knighthood;  Order 
of  St.  George  (English)  (s) ;  Order  of  the 
Garter  (s) 

Refer  from  Chemistry,  Organic;  Chemistry, 
Technical;  Coal;  Coal  gas  (s) ;  Coal-tar  prod- 
ucts; Fuel;  Gas  lighting;  Gases;  Illuminating 
gas  (s) ;  Lighting;  Manufactures;  Petroleum; 
Producer  gas  (s) 

Refer  from  Fuel;  Gas  wells  (s) ;  Geology, 
Economic;  Natural  gas  (s) ;  Wells 

Refer  from  Engines;  Gas;  Gas  engines  (s) ; 
Gas  motors  (s) ;  Gas  producers;  Gasoline 
engines  (s) ;  Heat  engines  ;  Internal  combustion 
engines  (s) ;  Kerosene  engines  (s) ;  Liquid  fuel; 
Marine  engines;  Motors;  Oil  engines  (s) ; 
Petrol  engines  (s) ;  Petroleum  engines  (s) 

Refer  from  Gas  lighting;  Public  service 
corporations 


159 


Gas  fitting 

Sn-  also  Gas  meters  ;  Pipe  filling;  Plumbing 
Gas  lighting 

See  also  Acetylene;  Electric  gas  lighting; 
Gas;    Gas   companies;   Gas    meters;    Incan- 
descent gas-lighting 
Gas  mantles  see  Incandescent  gas-lighting 
Gas  meters 

Gas  motors  see  Gas  and  oil  engines 
Gas  producers 

See  also  Gas  and  oil  engines 

Gas  wells  see  Gas,  Natural 

Gases 

See  also  Acetylene;  Aerodynamics;  Air; 
Argon;  Chemistry;  Electric  discharges 
through  gases;  Eudiometer;  Fire  damp; 
Gas;  Helium;  Ionization  of  gases;  Lique- 
faction of  gases;  Nitrogen;  Oxygen;  Ozone; 
Viscosity 

Kinetic  theory 

Gasoline 

Gasoline  engines  see  Gas  and  oil  engines 

Gasoline  launches  see  Motor  boats 

Gasteropoda 

See  also  MoUusks 

Gastronomy  see  Cookery;  Dinners  and  dining; 
Eating;  Food 

Gastropoda  see  Gasteropoda 

Gates 

See  also  Fences 

Gauging  see  Gaging 

Gauls 

See  also  Celts;  France  —  History  —  To 
1328 ;  Gajlic  wars 

Gazetteers 

See  also  Names,  Geographical;  also 
names  of  countries,  subhead  Description 
and  travel  —  Gazetteers 

Gearing 

See  also  Machine  design;  Mechanical 
movements;  Power  transmission;  Valves  and 
valve  gears 

Geese 

See  also  Poultry;  Water  birds 

Gelatin 

See  also  Glue;  Physiological  chemistry 

Gems 

See  also  Cameos;  Diamonds;  Glyptics; 
Intaglios;  Jewelry;  Precious  stones 


Genealogy 

See  also  Biographj';  Estates,  Unclaimed; 
Heraldry;  Peerage;  Precedence;  Royal 
descent.  Families  of;  Visitations,  Heraldic; 
Vital  records;  Wills;  also  names  of  families, 
and  names  of  countries  and  cities,  subhead 
Genealogy 
Generals 

See  also  Military  biography 
Generation  see  Reproduction 


Refer  from  Pipe  fitting;  Plumbing 

Refer    from    Gas;    Gas    companies;     Incan- 
descent gas-lighting;  Lighting 


Refer     from      Gas      fitting;      Gas      lighting; 
Meters  (s) 


Refer  from  Gas ;  Gas  and  oil  engines ;  Pro- 
ducer gas  (s) 


Refer  from  Chemistry ;  Expansion  (physics); 
Fluids;  Gas;  Mechanics;  Physics;  Pneumat- 
ics (s) ;  Vapor  (s) 


Refer  from  Kinetic  theory  of  gases  (s) 

Refer  from  Liquid  fuel ;  Petrol  (s) ;  Petroleum 


Refer  from  Gastropoda  (s)  ;  Mollusks 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Doors;  Fences 


Refer     from      Celts;      Ethnology — France; 
France  —  History  —  To  1328;  Gallic  wars 

Refer  from    Geography;    Geography — Dic- 
tionaries (s) ;  Names,  Geographical 


Refer  from  Bevel  gearing  (s)  ;  Cog-wheels  (s) ; 
Cogwheels  (s) ;  Machine  design;  Machinery; 
Mechanical  movements;  Power  transmission; 
Spiral  gearing  (s) 

Refei  from  Goose  (s) ;  Poultr)-;  Water  birds; 
Wild  geese  (s) 

Refer  from  Animal  products;  Glue;  Isin- 
glass (s) ;  Physiological  chemistry 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Art;  Cameos; 
Decoration  and  ornament;  Diamonds;  En- 
graving; Glyptics;  Intaglios;  Jewelry;  Lapi- 
dary work  (sj ;  Mineralog}';  Precious  stones 

Refer  from  Ancestry  (s) ;  Biography;  De- 
scent (s) ;  Families  (s) ;  Heraldry;  Ilistory; 
History  —  Sources;  Pedigrees  (s) 


Refer  from  Military  biography 


160 


Generation,     Spontaneous,     see     Spontaneous 

generation 
Generators,  Electric,  see  Dynamos 
Geneva  award  see  Alabama  claims 
Genius 

See  also  Ability;  Precocity;  Talent 

Gentlemen 

See  also  Courtesy;  Etiquet 

Geochemistry 

See    also     Mineral     waters;     Mineralogy; 
Ores ;  Rocks 


Geodes 
Geodesy 

See  also  Astronomy,  Spherical  and  practi- 
cal; Azimuth;  Earth  —  Figure;  Geography, 
Mathematical;  Latitude  and  longitude; 
Least  squares;  Pendulum;  Surveying;  also 
names  of  countries  and  states,  subhead 
Surveys 
Geodetic  surveying  see  Surveying 
Geognosy  see  Geology 

Geographical     distribution     of    animals     and 
plants 
See    also    Acclimatization    (plants) ;    Ani- 
mals —  Migration  ;  Ecology ;  Plant  introduc- 
tion ;      Plants  —  Migration;      Seeds  —  Dis- 
persal 


Geographical  distribution  of  men  see  Anthro- 

pogeography 
Geographical  myths 


Geographical  names  see  Names,  Geographical 
Geographical  pathology  see  Medical  geography- 
Geographical  societies 

See  also  Alpine  clubs 

Geography 

See  also  Antarctic  regions;  Anthropogeog- 
raphy;  Arctic  regions;  Atlases  ;  Boundaries  ; 
Commercial  geography;  Continents;  Dis- 
coveries and  explorations  ;  Distances ;  Earth  ; 
Ethnologv' ;  Explorers  ;Gazetteers ;  Geograph- 
ical myths;  Geographical  societies;  Globes; 
Islands;  Latitude  and  longitude;  Map  draw- 
ing; Maps;  Medical  geography;  Names, 
Geographical;  Physical  geography;  Sur- 
veying; Tropics;  Views;  Voyages  and 
travels;  also  names  of  countries,  subhead 
Dcscripticjn  and  travel 

Ancient 

See  also  Bible  —  Geography;  also  names 
of  countries  of  antiquity,  subhead  De- 
scription, geography 

Biblical,  see  Bible  —  Geography 

Commercial,  see  Commercial  geography 

Dictionaries,  see  Gazetteers 

Economic,  see  Commercial  geography 


Refer  from  Ability;  Heredity;  Insanity; 
Intellect;  Psychology;  Talent 

Refer  from  Conduct  of  life ;  Ethics;  Etiquet; 
Men;  Young  men 

Refer  from  Chemical  geology  (s) ;  Chemis- 
try ;  Earth  ;  Geological  chemistry  (s) ;  Geology, 
chemical  (s) ;  Mineralogy;  Ores;  Physical 
geography;  Rocks 

Refer  from  Geology;  Rocks 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Degrees  of  latitude 
and    longitude    (s) ;    Earth;    Earth  —  Figure; 
Geography,      Mathematical;      Alathematics; 
Mensuration;    Surveying;    Triangulation    (s) ; 
Trigonometry 


Refer  from  Animals  —  Geographic  distribu- 
tion (s) ;  Animals — Migration;  Botany;  Bot- 
any, Geographic  (s) ;  Distribution  of  animals 
and  plants  (s) ;  Ecolog)' ;  Physical  geography; 
Phytogeography  (s)  ;  Plant  geography  (s) ; 
Plants  —  Geographic  distribution  (s) ;  Plants 
—  Migration;  Zoogeography  (s) ;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Folklore;  Geography;  Geography 
—  History;  Imaginary  islands  (s) ;  Islands, 
Imaginary  (s) 


Refer  from  Alpine  clubs;  Geography;  So- 
cieties 

Refer  from  Atlases;  Earth;  Physical  geog- 
raphy; Science;  Topography  (s) ;  Voyages 
and  travels 


Refer  from  Ancient  geography  (s) ;  Classical 
geography  (s) ;  Geograpii)',  Historical;  Geog- 
raphy—  History;  History,  Ancient 


i6i 


Geography  —  Continued 
Historical 

Sre  also  Geography,  Ancient;  Historical 
atlases 

History 

See  also  Discoveries  and  explorations; 
Geographical  myths;  Geography,  Ancient 

Mathematical 

See  also  Astronom}-;  Geodesy;  Latitude 
and  longitude;  Sur\eying;  Topographical 
drawing 

Medical,  see  Medical  geography 

Physical,  see  Physical  geography 

Political,    see    Boundaries;    also    names    of 

countries  and  states,  subhead  Boundaries 

Social,  see  Anthropogeography 

Study  and  teaching 

Geological  cliemistry  see  Geochemistry 

Geological  surveys 

Geologists 

Geology 

See  also  Alluvium;  Beaches;  Boulders; 
Coal;  Concretions;  Creation;  Deluge;  Dikes 
(geology);  Drift;  Earth;  Earth  —  Age; 
Earthquakes;  Erosion;  Evolution;  Geodes ; 
Geological  surveys  ;  Geysers  and  hot  springs  ; 
Glacial  period;  Glaciers;  Igneous  rocks; 
Landslides;  Man  —  Origin  and  antiquity; 
Metals;  Mineralogy;  Moraines;  Mountains; 
Ore  deposits;  Paleontology;  Physical  ge- 
ography; Rocks;  Sedimentation  and  dep- 
osition; Soils;  Stone;  Volcanoes 

Chemical,  see  Geochemistry 

Ecoijomic 

See  also  Abrasives;  Asbestos;  Asphalt; 

Building  stones;  Cement;    Chalk;    Cla\-; 

Coal  ;Coal  regions  ;Gas,  Natural ; Graph ite  ; 

Gypsum;  Metals;  Mineral  waters;  Mines 

and  mineral  resources  ;  Ore  deposits  ;  Ores  ; 

Peat;    Petroleum;    Phosphates;    Quarries 

and  quarrying ;  Salt ;  Soils  ;  Stone  ;  Sulphur 

Stratigraphic 

See  also  Paleontology 
Algonkian 

Archaean 


-Cambrian 
-Carboniferous 


Refer    from     Historical     atlases;     Historical 
geography  (s) ;  History 

Refer  from  Discoveries  and  explorations 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Geodesy;  Latitude 
and  longitude;  Mathematical  geography  (s) ; 
Mathematics;  Surveying 


-Cenozoic 

See     also 
Quaternary 
Tertiary 
-Cretaceous 

-Devonian 


Refer  fro  )n  Geology;  Surveys  (s) 
Refer  jrom  Scientists 


Refer  from.  Alluvium  ;  Concretions ;  Creation  ; 
Drift;  Earth;  Earth  —  Age;  Earthquakes; 
Erosion;  Geognosy  (s) ;  Geonomy  (s) ;  Glacial 
period;  Man  —  Origin  and  antiquity;  Min- 
eralogy;  Mountains  ;  Natural  history;  Paleon- 
tology; Physical  geography;  Physical  geol- 
ogy (s) ;  Rocks;  Science;  Sedimentation  and 
deposition;  Volcanoes 


Refer  from  Abrasives;  Asbestos;  Asphalt; 
Building  stones;  Cement;  Chemical  geol- 
ogy (s) ;  Clay;  Coal;  Coal  regions ;  Economic 
geology  (s) ;  Gas,  Natural ;  Graphite  ;  Gypsum  ; 
Metals;  Mineral  waters;  Mines  and  mineral 
resources;  Natural  resources;  Ore  deposits; 
Ores;  Peat;  Petroleum;  Phosphates;  Salt; 
Sulphur 

Refer  from  Stratigraphy  (s) 

Refer  from  Algonkian  period  (s) ;  Geology, 
Stratigraphic  —  Proterozoic  (s) 

Refer  from  Archaean  period  (s) 
Stratigraphic  —  Pre-Cambrian  (s)  ; 
brian  period  (s) 

Refer  from  Cambrian  period  (s) 
Stratigraphic  —  Paleozoic 

Refer  from    Carboniferous    period    (s 
ology,  Stratigraphic  —  Paleozoic 


Geology, 
Pre-Cam- 


Geology, 
Ge- 


Geology,     Stratigraphic —  /J^/cr /row  Cenozoic  era  (s) 

Geology,    Stratigraphic  — 


-Eocene 

-Glacial,  see  Glacial  period 


Refer  from  Cretaceous  period  (s) ;  Geology, 
Stratigraphic  —  Mesozoic 

Refer  from  Devonian  period  (s) ;  Geology, 
Stratigraphic — Paleozoic;  Oriskan\'  forma- 
tion (s) 

Refer  from  Eocene  period  (s) ;  Geology, 
Stratigraphic  —  Tertiary 


162 


Geology  —  Stratigraphic  —  Continued 
Jurassic 


-Lower    Silurian,    see    Geology,     Strati- 
graphic  —  Ordovician 
-Mesozoic 

See    also    Geology,     Stratigraphic  — 
Cretaceous;    Geology,    Stratigraphic  — 
Jurassic;  Geology,  Stratigraphic  —  Tri- 
assic 
-Miocene 


-Ordovician 


-Paleozoic 

See  also  Geology,  Stratigraphic  — 
Cambrian;  Geology,  Stratigraphic  — 
Carboniferous;  Geology,  Stratigraphic 
— -  Devonian  ;  Geology,  Stratigraphic  — 
Ordovician;  Geology,  Stratigraphic  — 
Permian;  Geology,  Stratigraphic- — Si- 
lurian 
-Permian 

-Pleistocene,  see  Glacial  period 
-Pliocene 

-Pre-Cambrian,      see     Geology,      Strati- 
graphic —  Archaean 

-Proterozoic,  see  Geology,   Stratigraphic 
—  Algonkian 

-Quaternary 

Sfe  also  Glacial  period 

-Silurian 

-Tertiary 

See     also     Geology,     Stratigraphic  — 
Eocene;  Geology,  Stratigraphic —  Mio- 
cene;    Geology,     Stratigraphic — Plio- 
cene 
-Triassic 


Geology  —  U.  S. 

See   also   Paleontology  —  U.    S. ;  Physical 
geography  —  U.  S. 
Geology  and  the  Bible  see  Bible  and  science 
Geometrical  drawing 

See  also  Geometry,  Descriptive  ;  Graphics  ; 
Mechanical    drawing;    Perspective;    Projec- 
tion 
Geometry 

See  also  Angles;  Axioms;  Circle;  Circle- 
squaring;  Conic  sections;  Curves;  Fourth 
dimension;  Geometrical  drawing;  Mathe- 
matics; Mensuration;  Perspective;  Porisms; 
Quaternions;  Surfaces;  Trigonometry 

Analytic 

See   also   Conic   sections;    Curves;    Sur- 
faces 

Descriptive 

Sec  also  Pcrspecti\c ;  Projection;  Shades 
and  shadows;  Slcrcotomy 


Refer  from  Geology,   Stratigraphic — Meso- 
zoic  ;  Jurassic  period  (s) 


Refer  from  Mesozoic  era  (s) 


Refer  from  Geology,  Stratigraphic  —  Ter- 
tiary; Miocene  period  (s) 

Refer  from  Geology,  Stratigraphic — Lower 
Silurian  (s) ;  Geology,  Stratigraphic  —  Pale- 
ozoic; Lower  Silurian  period  (s) ;  Ordovician 
period  (s) 

Refer  from  Paleozoic  era  (s) 


Refer  from    Geology,    Stratigraphic  —  Pale- 
ozoic ;  Permian  period  (s) 

Refer   from    Geology,    Stratigraphic  —  Ter- 
tiary; Pliocene  period  (s) 


Refer  from  Geology,  Stratigraphic — Cen- 
ozoic;  Glacial  period;  Quaternary  period  (s) 

Refer  from  Geology,  Stratigraphic  —  Pale- 
ozoic; Silurian  period  (s) 

Refer  from  Geology,  Stratigraphic  —  Cen- 
ozoic;  Tertiary  period  (s) 


Refer  from    Geology,    Stratigraphic  —  Mes- 
ozoic ;  Triassic  period  (s) 

Refer  from  Paleontology  —  U.   S. ;  Physical 
geography  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S. —  Geology  (s) 


Refer  from  Drawing;  Geometry;  Graphics; 
Mathematical  drawing  (s) ;  Mechanical  draw- 
ing; Projection 

Refer  from  Angles;  Axioms;  Circle;  Circle- 
squaring;  Mathematics;  Plane  geometry  (s) ; 
Solid  geometry  (s) ;  Stereography  (s) ;  Trigo- 
nometry 


Refer  from  Analytical  geometry  (s) ;  Conic 
sections;  Coordinate  geometry  (s) 

Refer  from  Descriptive  geometry  (s) ;  Geo- 
metrical drawing;  Projection;  Shades  and 
shadows 


163 


Geonomy  see  GeoIog\' ;  Physical  geoeraphy 
Germ  theory  of  disease 

Si'i' ^/jo  Bacteriology  Refer  from    Bacilli    (s) ;    Bacteriology;    Con- 

tagion     and      contagious      diseases;      Disease 
germs  (s) ;  Germs  (s) ;  Medicine;  Pathology 
German  (dance)  see  Cotillion 
German-American  literature 

See  also  Germans  in  the  U.  S.  Refer    from    American    literature;    German 


German  Baptist  brethren  Refer  from    Baptists;    Dunkards    (s) ;    Dun- 

kers    (s) ;    Sects;    Seventh-day  Baptists;  Tun- 


literature;  Germans  in  the  U.  S. 

Refer  from  Baptists 
kers  (s) ;  Sects ;  Seve: 
kards  (s)  ;  Tunkers  (s) 


German    dictionaries    see   German    language  - 

Dictionaries 
German  drama 

See    also    Dramatists,    German;    German  Refer  from    Dramatists,    German;    German 

literature  ;  Theater  —  Germany  literature  ;  Theater  —  Germans- 

German    empire    (Western    empire)     see    Holy 

Roman  empire 
German  fiction 

Sf^  fl/jo  German  literature  Refer    from     German     literature;     Cjjrman 

romances  (s) 
German    grammar    see    German     language  — 

Grammar 
German  Mebrew  see  Yiddish  language 
German  language 

See  also  Germanic  languages  Refer  from  Germanic  languages 

Accents 

Antonyms    see    German    language  —  Syn- 
onyms and  antonyms 

Composition 

Conversation  and  phrase  books 

Dialects 

S/i'  also  Low  German  language 

Dictionaries  Refer  from  German  dictionaries  (s) 

Etymology 

Grammar  Refer  from   German   grammar   (s) ;   German 

language  —  Syntax  (s) 

-History 

Idioms 

Meter,    see    German    language  —  Prosody 

Orthography,     see     German     language  — 

Spelling 

Pronunciation 

Prosody  Refer  from  German  language —  Meter  (s) 

Readers 

Spelling  Refer    from     German     language  —  Orthog- 
raphy (s) 

Study  and  teaching 

Synonyms  and  anton5mis  Refer      from      German       language  — ■  Anto- 
nyms (s) 
Syntax,  see  German  language  —  Grammar 

German  literature 

See    also    Austrian     literature;     Authors,  Refer    from    Austrian     literature;     Authors, 

German ;  German-American  literature ;  Ger-       German;    German    drama;     German     fiction; 
man     drama;     German     fiction;      German       German  poetry 
poetry;  Parodies;  Romances 
German    philosophy    see    Philosophy,    German 
German  poetry 

S/v  a/.io  German  literature ;  Mcistersingcrs ;  Refer    from     German     lilcialuic;      Meisler- 

Minnesingers ;  Poets,  German  singers;  Alinnesingers ;  Poets,  German 

German  romances 

For    medieval    romances    see    Romances; 
for  modern  romances  see  German  fiction 

164 


Germanic  languages 

See    also    Anglo-Saxon    language;    Aryan  Refer  from    Anglo-Saxon    language;    Aryan 

languages;    Danish    language;    Dutch    Ian-       languages  ;  Dutch  language  ;  English  language; 
guage;  English  language;  Flemish  language;       I-lemish  language;  German  language;  Gothic 
Germanlanguage;Gothiclanguage;Grimm's       language;  Low  German  language;  Old  Saxon 
law;     Icelandic     language;     Low     German       language;    Scandinavian   languages;   Teutonic 
language;  Norwegian  language;  Old  Saxon       languages  (s) 
language;  Runes;  Scandinavian  languages; 
Swedish  language 
Germanic  mythology  see  Mythology,  Germanic 
Germanic  race  see  Teutonic  race 
Germans  in  Pennsylvania 

See  also  Germans  in  the  V.  S. ;  Redemp- 
tioners;  Schwcnkfclders 
Germans  in  the  U.  S. 

See     also     German-American     literature; 
Germans  in  Pennsylvania;  U.  S. —  History 
—  Revolution  —  German  troops 
Germany  —  History 

See  also  Hanseatic  league;   Holy   Roman 
empire  ;  Prussia  —  History 

To  1517 

See  also  Franks;  Goths 

1517-1740 

See  also  Peasants'  war;  Reformation 
—  German}-;  Spanish  succession,  War 
of;  Thirt}'  )-ears'  war 

1740-1815 

See  also  Austrian  succession.  War  of; 
Napoleonic  wars;  Seven  years'  war 

1815-1866 

See  also  Germany  —  History  —  Rev- 


Refer  from  Germans  in  the  U.  S. ;  Pennsyl- 
vania Dutch  (sj ;  Pennsylvania  Germans  (s) 

Refer  frovi  German-American  literature; 
Germans  in  Pennsylvania;  U.  S. —  Foreign 
population 

Refer  from  Hanseatic  league;  Holy  Roman 
empire ;  Prussia  —  History 

Refer  from  Franks;  Goths 

Refer  from  Peasants'  war;  Reformation  — 
Germany;  Thirty  years'  war 


Refer   from    Austrian    succession,    War    of; 
Seven  years'  war 


olution,  1848-18.19 
Revolution,  1848-1849 

1866- 

See  also  Franco-German  war;  Triple 
alliance,  1883- 
Germicides  see  Disinfection  and  disinfectants; 

Fungicides 
Germination 

See  also  Botany  —  Physiology;  Seeds 

Germs     see     Bacteriology;     Germ     theory     of 

disease 
Gerrymander 


Gesso 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts 

Gesture 

See     also     Dclsartc  'system;      I'^locution 
Pantf)mime;  Sign  language 
Gettysburg,  Battle  of,  1863 

See  also  U.  S. —  History  —  Civil  war 

Geysers  and  hot  springs 

See  also  Springs 

Ghettos 

See  also  Jews 
Gliibc-liines  see  Guclfs  and  Ghibellincs 
Ghost  dance 

See  also  Indians  —  Dances 
Ghost  stories 


Refer  from    Germany  —  History —  1815- 
1866;  Revolutions 


Refer    from     Botany  —  Embryology;     Bot- 
any —  Physiology;  Seeds 


Refer  from  Elections;  Elections  —  U.  S. ; 
Representative  government  and  representa- 
tion; U.  S. —  Politics 

Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Mural  painting 
and  decoration;  Plaster  and  plastering;  Stucco 

Refer    frot 
Pantomime 


Acting;     Elocution;     Oratory; 


Refer  from  Battles;  U.  S.— Historj Civil 

war  —  Campaigns  and  battles 

Refer  from  Geology;  Hot  springs  (s) ;  Physi- 
cal geography;  Springs;  Thermal  springs  (s) 

Refer  from  Jewries  (s) ;  Jews 


Refer  from  Indians  —  Dances 
Refer  from  Ghosts 


165 


Ghosts 

See  also  Apparitions;  Demonology;  Ghost 
stories;  Illusions  and  hallucinations;  Psychi- 
cal research;  Spiritualism;  Superstition 

Giants 
Gifts 

See  also  Charities  ;  Christmas  gifts  ;  Philan- 
thropy 
Gifts  (kindergarten)  see  Kindergarten 
Gilding 

See  also  Electroplating;  Metal  coloring 

GUds 

See  also  Employers'  associations ;  Labor 
unions;  Livery;  Neighborhood  gilds;  also 
names  of  cities,  subhead  Gilds 


Ginseng 

Gipsies 

See  also  Nomads 

Gips}'  language  see  Rcjmany  language 
Gipsy  moth 

Girders 

See  also  Bridges;  Building;  Graphic 
statics;  Roofs;  Steel  construction;  Strains 
and  stresses;  Trusses 

Girls 

See  also  Child  labor;  Children;  Coeduca- 
tion;    Education;     Education     of     women; 
Girls'     dubs;      School     children;      \\'r)men ; 
Young  women;  ^'outh 
Girls'  clubs 
Girondists 

See  also  French  revolution 
Giving  j-^f  Charity;  Gifts;  Philanthrop)^ 
Glacial  drift  see  Drift 
Glacial  period 

See  also  Drift;  Geology;  Geology,  Strati- 
graphic —  Quaternary;  Glaciers;  Man  — 
Origin  and  antiquity 


Glaciers 

See  also  Boulders;  Drift;  Erosion;  Glacial 
period;    Ice;    Icebergs;    Moraines;    Physical 
geography 
Gladiators 

Gladness      see      Cheerfulness;      Contentment; 

Happiness 
Glands 

See  also  Anatom\- ;  Li\cr 
Glass 

See  also  Annealing;  Glass  flowers;  Glass 
manufacture;  Glazing;  Stained  glass;  Win- 
dows 

Ornamental 

See  also  Stained  glass 
Glass  flowers 


Refer  from  Apparitions;  Folklore;  Haunted 
houses  (s) ;  Illusions  and  hallucinations; 
Psychical  research;  Specters  (s) ;  Spectres  (s) ; 
Spirits  (s) ;  Superstition 

Refer  from  Man;  Monsters 

Refer  from  Bequests  (s)  ;  Deeds;  Ethics; 
Giving  (s)  ;  Presents  (s) 


Refer  from  Goldsmithing ;  Metal  coloring; 
Painting,  Mechanical;  Plating 

Refer  from  Associations  (s)  ;  Commerce; 
Corporations;  Economics;  Guilds  (s) ;  Labor 
and  laboring  classes;  Labor  organizations  (s) ; 
Labor  unions;  Local  government;  Societies; 
Sociology;  Workingmen's  associations  (s) 

Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  \Iedical 
botany 

Refer  from  Ethnology;  Gypsies  (s)  ;  Nomads  ; 
Vagabonds  (s) 

Refer  from  Gypsy  moth  (s)  ;  Moths;  Trees  — 
Diseases  and  pests 

Refer  from  Beams  (s)  ;  Bridges;  Building 
Graphic  statics;  Plate  girders  (s) ;  Roofs 
Steel  construction;  Strains  and  stresses 
Strength  of  materials  ;  Trusses 

Refer  from  Children;  Conduct  of  life; 
Women;  Working  girls  (s) ;  Young  people  (s) ; 
Young  women;  Youth 

Refer  from  Clubs;  Girls;  Women's  clubs 

Refer  from  French  rexolution 


Refer  from  Drift;  Earth;  Geology;  Geology, 
Stratigraphic  — •  Glacial  (s) ;  Geology,  Strati- 
graphic —  Pleistocene  (s) ;  Geology,  Strati- 
graphic —  Quaternary;  Glaciers;  Ice  age  (s) ; 
Man  —  Origin  and  antiquit)';  Pleistocene 
period  (s) 

Refer  from  Boulders;  Drift;  Erosion;  Geol- 
ogy; Glacial  period;  Ice;  Moraines;  Physical 
geography;  Water 

Refer  from  Amphitheaters;  Fighting  (s) ; 
Rome  —  Social  life  and  customs 


Refer  from  Anatonn-;  I.i\'er 

Refer  from  Annealing;  Arts  and  crafts; 
Building  materials;  Cut  glass  (s) ;  Plate 
glass  (s) ;  Windows 

Refer  from  Art  glass  (s) ;  Stained  glass 

Refer  from  Artificial  flowers;  Flowers;  Glass 


1 66 


Glass  manufacture 

■SV^   also   Chemistry,   Technical;   Mirrors; 
Optical  instruments 
Glass  painting  see  Stained  glass 
Glassites  see  Sandemanians 
Glazing 
Glees 

See  also  Choruses  and  part  songs;  Songs 

Gliders  see  Aeroplanes 
Globes 

See  also  Astronomy 
Gloves 

Sre  also  Costume 
Glucose 

See  also  Chemistry,  Technical 
Glue 

See  also  Adhesives;  Bone  products;  Gela- 
tin ;  Paste 

Glyptics 

See  also  Gems 

Gnomes  see  Fairies 
Gnomonics  see  Sundials 
Gnosticism 
Goats 

See  also  Angora  goats;  Ungulata 

Gobelin  tapestry 

Goblins  see  Fairies 

God 

See  also  Absolute,  The;  Agnosticism; 
Atheism;  Bible;  Causation;  Christianity; 
Creation;  Deism;  Holy  Spirit;  Idolatry; 
Jesus  Christ;  Metaphysics;  Monotheism; 
Mythology;  Natural  religion;  Pantheism; 
Polytheism;  Providence;  Religion;  Tele- 
ology; Theism;  Theocracy;  Theology; 
Trinity 

Gold 

See  also  Alchemy;  Cyanide  process;  Gold 
(as  money);  Gold  dredging;  Gold  mines  and 
mining;  Goldsmithing;  Jewelry;  Precious 
metals 

Gold  (as  money) 

See  also  Bimetallism;  Coinage;  Money 

Gold  cure 

Gold  dredging 

•SVt'  also  Gold  mines  and  mining 

Gold  mines  and  mining 

See  also  Gold  dredging;  Hydraulic  mining; 
Prospecting 
Gold  plate  see  Plate 
Golden  fleece  see  Argonauts 
Goldsmithing 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts;  Gilding;  Hall 
marks;  Jewelry;  Metal  coloring;  Plate 

Golf 

Good  Friday 

See  also  Lent 


Refer   from    Chemistry,    Technical;    Glass; 
Industrial  arts;  Manufactures 


Refer  from  Glass;  Pottery 

Refer  from  Choruses  and  part  songs;  Music; 
Songs 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Earth;  Geography; 
Maps 

Refer  from  Costume;  Hand 

Refer  from  Chemistry,  Technical ;  Sugar 

Refer  from  Adhesives;  Animal  products; 
Bone  products;  Cement;  Chemistry,  Tech- 
nical; Gelatin;  Paste 

Refer  from  Art;  Carving  (art  industries); 
Engraving;  Gems 


Refer  from  Philosophy 

Refer  from  Angora  goats;  Dairying;  Domes- 
tic animals;  Ungulata 
Refer  from  Tapestry 


Refer  from  Atheism;  Bible;  Christianity; 
Creation;  Deism;  Alonotheism ;  Natural  re- 
ligion; Pantheism;  Philosophy;  Religion; 
Teleology;  Theism;  Theodicy  (s) ;  Theology; 
Trinity 


Refer  from  Precious  metals 


Refer  from  Bimetallism;  Coinage;  Gold; 
Aloney ;  Specie  (s) 

Refer  from  Alcoholism;  Inebriate  asylums; 
Keeley  cure  (s) ;  Therapeutics 

Refer  from  Dredging;  Gold;  Gold  mines  and 
mining;  Hydraulic  mining;  Placer  mining  (s) 

Refer  from  Gold;  Gold  dredging;  Hydraulic 
mining;  Mines  and  mineral  resources 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Gold;  Hall 
marks;  Jewelry;  Metal  coloring;  Metal  work; 
Plate 

Refer  from  Games 


Refer  from  Christian  year;  Fasts  and  feasts; 
Holy  week;  Lent 


167 


Goodness 

See  also  \'irtue  Refer   from    Christian    life    and    character; 

Ethics ;  \'irtue 

Goose  see  Geese 

Gorillas 

See  also  Apes  'Refer  from  Apes;  Monkeys;  Primates 

Gospels       see       Bible  —  New      Testament  — 
Gospels 

Gothenburg  system 

See  also  Dispensary  system  Refer  from  Dispensary  system;  Liquor  laws; 

Liquor  traffic 

Gothic  architecture  see  Architecture,  Gothic 

Gothic  language 

See  also  Germanic  languages  Refer  from  Germanic  languages 

Goths 

.SV^    also    Barbarian    invasions    of    Rome;  Refer  from    Barbarian    invasions    of    Rome; 

Germany  —  History  —  T01517  Germany — -History  —  To         1517;         Ostro- 

goths (s) ;  Teutonic  race;  Visigoths  (s) 

Gout  Refer  from  Medicine  —  Practice 

Government 

See  also  Anarchism  and  anarchists;  Arls-  Refer  from  Administration  (s)  ;  Aristocracy; 

tocracy  ;  Ballot;  Bureaucracy;  Cabinet  sys-  Citizenship;  Civics  (s) ;  Civil  government  (s) ; 
tem;  Charters;  Church  and  state;  Citizen-  Constitutional  law;  Constitutions;  Democ- 
ship;  Civil  rights  ;  Civil  service;  Civilization;  racy;  History;  Law;  Legislation  ;  Alonarchy; 
Colonies  and  colonization;  Communism;  Political  science  (s) ;  Politics;  Republics; 
Constitutional  history;  Constitutional  law;  Science;  Social  science  (s) ;  Sociology;  Sov- 
Constitutions ;  Crime  and  criminals  ;  Democ-  ereignty;  State,  The  (s) ;  Statesmanship  (s) 
racy;  Despotism;  Diplomacy;  Diplomatic 
and  consular  service;  Divine  right  of  kings; 
Economics;  Education  and  state;  Elections; 
Equality;  Executive  power;  Federal  govern- 
ment; Feudalism;  Finance;  Free  institu- 
tions; Government  ownership;  Government 
regulation  of  industry ;  Home  rule  ;  Immigra- 
tion and  emigration  ;  Impeachment ;  Imperial 
federation;  Imperialism;  Individualism; 
Law;  Legislation;  Legislative  bodies; 
Liberalism;  Liberty;  Local  government; 
Magistrates;  Matriarchy;  Military  govern- 
ment; Monarchy;  Municipal  government; 
Nations;  Nihilism;  Nominations;  Nullifica- 
tion; Oaths;  Oligarcliy;  Paternalism; 
Patriarchy;  Patriotism;  Petition,  Right  of; 
Platforms,  Political;  Police;  Police  power; 
Political  conventions;  Political  corruption; 
Political  ethics;  Political  offenses;  Political 
parties;  Politics;  Primaries;  Prisons;  Privi- 
leged classes;  Property;  Proportional  repre- 
sentation; Punishment;  Race  problems; 
Railroads  and  state;  Rebellion;  Recall; 
Reciprocity;  Referendum;  Regency;  Reli- 
gious liberty;  Representative  government 
and  representation;  Republics;  Revolutions; 
Riots;  Secession;  Serfdom;  Slavery;  Social 
contract;  Socialism;  Society,  Primitive; 
Sociology;  Sovereignty;  State  governments; 
State  rights;  Statesmen;  Statistics;  Suf- 
frage ;  Taxation  ;  Theocracy ;  Town  meeting ; 
Towns;  Treaties;  Tribes  and  tribal  system; 
Tyranny;  Utopias;  Veto;  Village  communi- 
ties ;  Villages;  also  names  of  countries  and 
states,  subheads  Constitution,  Government, 
and  Politics,  and  names  of  cities,  subhead 
Government  and  politics 

Government  banking  see  Banks  and  banking; 
Postal  savings  banks 

168 


Government     by     commission    see    Municipal 
government  —  Commission  plan 

Government  buildings  see  Public  buildings 

Government  officials  see  Civil  service 

Government  ownership 

See  also  Government  regulation  of  indus- 
try; Municipal  ownership  ;  Postal  telegraph; 
Public  service  corporations;  Railroads  and 
state ;  Socialism 


Government  publications 

See  also  names  of  countries,  subhead  Gov- 
ernment publications 

Government  regulation  of  industry 

See  also  Corporation  law;  Corporations; 
Factory  laws;  Government  ownership; 
Interstate  commerce  ;  Labor  laws  ;  Municipal 
ownership;  Paternalism;  Police  power;  Pub- 
lic service  commissions;  Public  service  cor- 
porations; Railroad  commissions;  Railroads 
—  Rates;  Railroads  and  state;  State  rights; 
Trusts 


Refer  from  Corporations;  Economics;  Fed- 
eral ownership  (s) ;  Government;  Government 
regulation  of  industry;  Monopolies;  Municipal 
ownership;  National  ownership  (s) ;  Nation- 
alism (s) ;  Paternalism;  Postal  telegraph;  Pub- 
lic ownership  (s) ;  Public  service  corporations; 
Railroads  —  Government  ownership  (s) ; 
Railroads  and  state;  Socialism;  State  owner- 
ship (s)        » 

Refer  frovi  Documents  (s) ;  Official  publica- 
tions (s) ;  Public  documents  (s) ;  State  publi- 
cations (s) 

Refer  from  Commerce;  Economics;  Federal 
regulation  of  industry  (s) ;  Government; 
Government  ownership;  Industry;  Municipal 
ownership;  Paternalism;  Police  power;  Public 
service  commissions;  Public  service  corpora- 
tions; Railroads  and  state;  State  regulation  of 
industry  (s) 


Governors 

Gowrie  conspiracy,  1600 

See  also  Scotland  —  History 
Graal  see  Grail 
Grace  (theology) 

See  also  Justification 

Grade  crossings  see  Railroads  —  Crossings 
Grading  in  schools  see  School  grading  and  pro- 
motions 
Graduated  taxation  see  Taxation,  Progressive 
Graduation  see  Commencements 
Graft 

See  also  Bribery;  Political  corruption 


Grafting 

See  also  Fruit  culture 

Grail 

See  also  Arthurian  romances 

Grain 

See   also    Barley;    Corn;    Grain   elevators; 


Refer  from  Biography;  U.  S. — 
Statesmen 

Refer  from  Scotland  —  History 


Biography; 


Refer  from    Conversion;    Justification;    Sal- 
vation ;  Theology 


Refer  from  Boss  rule;  Bribery;  Crime  and 
criminals;  Political  corruption;  Political 
ethics 

Refer  from  Forests  and  forestry;  Fruit  cul- 
ture; Gardening;  Plant  propagation;  Trees 

Refer  from  Arthurian  romances;  Graal  (s) ; 
Greal  (s) ;  Holy  grail  (s) ;  Legends  ;  Sangreal  (s) 

Refer  from   Agricultural    products;    Barley; 


Oats;  Rice;  Seeds — Selection  and  testing;       Brcadstuifs    (s) ;    Cereals    (s) ;    Corn;    Feedin^, 
Wheat  and  feeding  stuffs  ;  Flour  and  flour  mills ;  Food  ; 

Oats;  Threshing;  Wheat 


Grain  elevators 


Graining 

See  also  Painting,  Mechanical;  Stains  and 
staining;  Wood  finishing 
Grammar 

See  also  Etymology;  Grammar,   English; 
Prosody ;  also  names  of  languages  other  than       tax  (s) ;  Words 
English,  e.g.  German  language  —  Grammar 

169 


Refer       from        Architecture;        Elevators, 
Grain  (s) ;  Grain;  Warehouses 


Refer  from     Painting,     Mechanical;      Stains 
and  staining;  Wood  finishing;  Woodwork 

Refer  from   Accidence   (s) ;   Language;   Syn- 


Grammar — Continued 
English 


Grammar  schools 

Set'  also  Education,  Elementary 

Gramophone  see  Phonograph 
Grand  jury  see  Jury 
Grand  opera  see  Opera 
Grange 


Grangerism  see  Extra  illustration 
Granite 

See  also  Building  stones;  Rocks 

Grape 

See  also  Fruit ;  Wine 

Grapes  see  Grape 

Graphic    arts    see    Art;    Drawing;    Engra\ing; 

Painting 
Graphic  statics 

See  also  Bridges;  Girders;  Mechanical 
drawing;  Roofs;  Steel  construction;  Strains 
and  stresses;  Strength  of  materials 

Graphics 

See    also    Geometrical    drawing;    Graphic 
statics;  Mechanical  drawing 
Graphite 

SV^  also  Geology,  Economic 

Graphology 

See  also  Penmanship;  Writing 


Graphophone  see  Phonograph 

Grass  see  Grasses 

Grasses 

See    also    Bamboo;    Clover;    Feeding    and 

feeding  stuffs  ;  Forage  plants  ;  Grazing  ;  Hay  ; 

Lawns;  Pastures  and  meadows 

Grasshoppers  see  Locusts 

Grave  mounds  see  Alounds  and  mound  builders 

Graves  see   Burial;   Cemeteries;    Mounds   and 

mound  builders;  Tombs 
Gravestones  see  Tombstones 
Graveyards  see  Cemeteries 
Gravitation 

See  also  Astronomy;  Matter;  Pendulum; 

Physics;     Potential,     Theory     of;      Specific 

gravity;  Weights  and  measures 
Gray  friars  see  Franciscans 
Grazing 

See     also     Forage  "  plants ;     Pastures     and 

meadow  s 

Grcal  see  Grail 

Grease    see    Lubrication    and    lubricants;    Oils 

and  fats 
Great  Lakes 


Refer  from  English  grammar  (s) ;  English 
language;  English  language  —  Grammar  (s) ; 
English  language  —  Syntax  (s) ;  English  syn- 
tax (s) ;  Grammar 

Refer  from  Education;  Education,  Elemen- 
tar\';  Public  schools;  Schools 


Refer  from  Agricultural  societies  ;  Commerce  ; 
Farmers;  Patrons  of  husbandry  (s) ;  Secret 
societies 


Refer  from   Building  stones;   Igneous   rocks; 
Stone ;  Rocks 

Refer   from    Fruit;    Grapes    (s) ;    Vine    (s) ; 
Vines  (s) ;  Vineyards  (s) ;  Viticulture  (s) ;  Wine 


Refer  from  Bridges;  Building;  Girders; 
Graphics;  Mechanical  drawing;  Mechanics; 
Roofs;  Statics;  Steel  construction;  Strains 
and  stresses ;  Strength  of  materials 

Refer  from  Drawing;  Geometrical  drawing; 
Mechanical  drawing 

Refer  from  Black  lead  (s) ;  Carbon;  Geology, 
Economic;  Plumbago  (s) 

Refer  from  Character;  Character  reading  (s) ; 
Handwriting  (s)  ;  Penmanship;  Psychology; 
Writing 


Refer  from  Agrostology  (s) ;  Botany,  Eco- 
nomic; Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs;  Forage 
plants;  Grass  (s) ;  Hay;  Herbage  (s) ;  Lawns; 
Pastures  and  meadows 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Centrifugal  force; 
Matter;  Pendulum;  Physics;  Specific  gravity; 
Weights  and  measures 


Refer  Jrom  Forage  plants;  Grasses;  Li\e 
slock;  Pastures  and  meadows;  V'.  S. —  Public 
lands 


Refer    from     Lakes;     U.     S. —  Commerce; 
Waterways  —  Canada;    Waterways   —   U.    S. 


Great    schism,     1378-1417,    see    Schism,    The 

great  western,  1378-1417 
Greek  architecture  see  Architecture,  Greek 
Greek  church 

See  also  Coptic  church  ;  Eastern  churches 


Greek    civilization    see    Greece  —  Civilization; 

Hellenism 
Greek  culture  see  Hellenism 
Greek  drama 

See  also  Dramatists,  Greek;  Greek  litera- 
ture ;  Theater  —  Greece 
Greek  empire  see  Byzantine  empire 
Greek     language     [subdivided     like     German 
language] 
See  also  Aryan  languages 

Greek  language  (modem) 

Greek  letter  societies  see  Fraternities,  College; 
Fraternities,  High  school 

Greek  literature 

See  also  Authors,  Greek;  Classical  litera- 
ture; Greek  drama;  Greek  poetry;  Hellen- 
ism ;  Satire,  Greek 

Greek  literature  (modem) 

Greek  mythology  see  IVlythology,  Classical 
Greek  philosophy  see  Philosophy,  Greek 
Greek  poetry 

See   also  Greek  drama;  Greek  literature; 
Poets,  Greek 
Greek  satire  see  Satire,  Greek 
Greenbacks 

See   also    Legal    tender;    Money — U.    S. ; 
Paper  money 
Greenhouses 

iSV^  also  Alarket  gardening 


Greetings  see  Salutations 
Gregorian  calendar  see  Calendar 
Gregorian  chant  see  Chants 
Gregorian  music  see  Chants 
Grey  friars  see  Franciscans 
Grilles 

See  also  Ironwork;  Lattice 


Grimm's  law 
Grinding  and  polishing 

See  also  Abrasives;  Machine  shop  practice 

Grippe  see  Influenza 

Grist  mills  see  Flour  and  flour  mills 

Groceries 

Grotesque 

See  also  Caricature  and  cartoons 
Grottoes  see  Caves 

Ground  water  see  Water,  Underground 
Group  plan  for  public  buildings  see  Municipal 

centers 
Groups,  Theory  of 

See  also  Algebra  ;  Crystallography 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Eastern  church- 
es ;  Holy  eastern  church  (s) ;  Orthodox  eastern 
church  (s) ;  Russian  church  (s) 


Refer     from      Dramatists,      Greek;      Greek 
literature;  Greek  poetry;  Theater — ^  Greece 


Refer     from     Aryan     languages;      Classical 
languages  (s) 

Refer  from  Romaic  language  (s) 


Refer  from  Authors,  Greek;  Classical  liter- 
ature; Greek  drama;  Greek  poetry;  Satire, 
Greek 

Refer  from  Romaic  literature  (s) 


Refer  from  Greek  literature;  Poets,  Greek 


Refer  from  Fiat  money  (s) ;  Legal  tender; 
Money;  Money  —  U.  S.;  Paper  money 

Refer  from  Agriculture;  Architecture;  Con- 
servatories (s) ;  Floriculture;  Gardening;  Hot- 
houses (s) ;  Market  gardening;  Winter  garden- 
ing (s) 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Doors;  Fret 
cutting  (s) ;  House  decoration;  Ironwork; 
Lattice ;  W'indows 

Refer  from  Germanic  languages 

Refer  from  Abrasives;  Machine  shop  prac- 
tice; Machine  tools;  Polishing  (s) 


Refer  from  Food 
Refer  from  Esthetics 


Refer  from  Algebra;  Equations;  Functions; 
Mathematics;  Numbers;  Theory  of  groups  (s\ 


171 


Growth 

See  also  Regeneration  (biology) 

Guano 

Sfc  also  Fertilizers  and  manures 
Guaranties  and  sureties 

See   also   Bail;    Bailments;    Bonds;    Com- 
mercial law 

Guaranty    of    bank    deposits    see    Banks    and 

banking — -  Guaranty  of  deposits 
Guardians 

See    also    Administrators    and    executors; 
Adoption;  Domestic  relations;  Probate  law 
and  practice;  Trustees 
Guelfs  and  Ghibellines 

See  also  Italy  —  History  —  To  1559 

Guelphs  see  Guelfs  and  Ghibellines 
Guerillas  see  Guerrillas 
Guerrillas 

See  also  U.  S. —  History  —  Civil  war 


Guests 

See  also  Entertaining;  Hospitality 

Guide-books  see  names  of  countries  and  places, 

e.g.     U.      S. —  Description      and      travel  — 

Guidebooks 
Guidebooks  see  names  of  countries  and  places, 

e.g.      U.      S. —  Description     and     travel  — 

Guidebooks 
Guilds  see  Gilds 
Guillotine 
Guitar 

See  also  Stringed  instruments 

Gulfs  see  Bays  and  gulfs 
Gums  and  resins 

See   also    Chemistry,    Technical;    Varnish 
and  varnishing 
Gun  see  Guns 
Guncotton 

See  also  Celluloid;  Cellulose;  E.xplosives ; 
Gunpowder 
Gunnery 

.SV^  also  Ammunition;  Artillery;  Artillery 
drill  and  tactics;  Ballistics;  E.xplosives; 
Firearms;  Gunpowder;  Guns;  Ordnance; 
Projectiles;  Rifle  practice;  Shooting;  Target 
practice 
Gunning  see  Hunting;  Shooting 
Gunpowder 

See   also   Ammunition;    Explosives;   Gun- 
cotton 


Gunpowder  plot 

See  also  England  —  History  —  Stuarts 

Guns 

See  also  Ammunition  ;  Artillery ;  Bayonets  ; 
Firearms;  Gunnery;  Gunpowder;  Naval 
guns;  Ordnance;  Pistols;  Rifles;  Shooting; 
Shotguns 


Refer  from  Age;  Biology;  Development  (3); 
Physiology 

Refer  fro ?n  Fertilizers  and  manures 

Refer  from  Bail ;  Bonding  companies  (s) ; 
Bonds;  Commercial  law;  Contracts;  Law; 
Sureties  (s) 


Refer  from  Adoption;  Domestic  relations; 
Inheritance;  Law;  Probate  law  and  practice; 
Trustees ;  Wards  (s) ;  Wills 

Refer  from  Ghibellines  (s) ;  Guelphs  (s) ; 
Italy  —  History  —  To  1559 


Refer  from  Guerillas  (s) ;  International  law; 
Military  art  and  science;  U.  S. —  History  — 
Civil  war;  War 

Refer  fro?n  Entertaining;  Etiquet;  Home 
economics;  Hospitality;  Visiting  (s) 


Refer  from  Capital  punishment 

Refer  from    Musical    instruments;    Stringed 
instruments 


Refer   from    Chemistry,    Technical;    Forest 
products;  Resins  (s)  ;  Rosin  (s) 


Refer  from  Celluloid;  Cellulose;  Explosives; 
Gunpowder 

Refer  from  Artillery;  Artillery  drill  and 
tactics;  Ballistics;  Firearms;  Fortiflcation ; 
Guns;  Military  art  and  science;  Naval  art  and 
science;  Naval  gunnery  (s) ;  Ordnance;  Pro- 
jectiles; Shooting;  Target  practice 


Refer  from  Ammunition;  Chemistry,  Tech- 
nical; Explosives;  Firearms;  Guncotton;  Gun- 
nery; Guns;  Ordnance;  Powder  (s) ;  Smokeless 
powder  (s) 

Refer  from  Catholic  churcli  in  England; 
Conspiracies  ;  England  —  History  —  Stuarts 

Refer  from  Arms  and  armor;  Cannon  (s) ; 
Firearms;  Gun  (s) ;  Gunnery;  Hunting; 
Alachine  guns  (s) ;  Ordnance;  Rifles;  Siiooting 


172 


Gutta-percha 

Si-f  also  Rubber 
Gymnasiums 

See  also  Gymnastics;  Physical  education 
Gymnastics 

See  also  Acrobats;  Athletics;  Drills  and 
marches;  Dumb-bells;  Exercise;  Gymnasi- 
ums; Indian  clubs;  Physical  education 


Medical 

See  also  Mechanotherapy;  Physical  edu- 
cation; Swedish  movement  cure 

Gynecology  see  Women  —  Diseases 

Gypsies  see  Gipsies 

Gypsum 

See  also  Geology,  Economic 

Gypsy  language  see  Romany  language 
G\'psy  moth  see  Gipsy  moth 
Gyroscope 

See  also  Railroads  —  Single  rail 

Habeas  corpus 

See  also  Constitutional  law;  Martial  law 

Habit 

See  also  Inhibition;  Instinct;  Left-  and 
right-handedness;  Psychology;  Subcon- 
sciousness 

Habitations,    Human,    see    Architecture,     Do- 
mestic; Housing  problem 

Habitations    of    animals    see    Animals  —  Habi- 
tations* 

Habits    of    animals  see  Animals  —  Habits  and 
behavior 

Hades  see  Future  life;  Hell 

Haematologv  see  Blood 

Hail 

Hair 

See  also  Baldness;  Hairdressing 

Hair  dressing  see  Hairdressing 
Hairdressing 

See  also  Costume;  Fashion;  Toilet 

Half-tone  process  see  Photo-engraving 
Hall  marks 

See  also  Goldsmithing ;  l-'cwter;  Plate; 
Silverware 

Hall  of  fame 
Halloween 

Hallucinations  see  Illusions  and  hallucinations 
Hamites 

See  also  Berbers 
Hamitic  languages 

.S'(7'    also    African    languages;    Coptic    lan- 
guage; Egyptian  language 
Hand 

See  also  Ambidexterity;  Anatomy;  l'"ingcr 
prints;  Gloves;  Left-  and  right-liandedness  ; 
Manicuring;  Palmistry 


Refer  from  Chcmistr\-,  Technical;  Rubber 

Refer  from  G}mnastics;  Physical  education 

Refer  from  Acrobats;  Athletics;  Calisthen- 
ics (s)  ;  Callisthenics  (s) ;  Dumb-bells;  Exer- 
cise; Gymnasiums;  Hygiene;  Indian  clubs; 
Manly  exercise  (s) ;  Ph}sical  education  ;  Sports  ; 
Training;  Turning  (gymnastics)  (s) 

Refer  from  Mechanotherapy;  Medical  gym- 
nastics (s) ;  Movement  cure  (s) ;  Physical 
education;  Swedish  movement  cure;  Thera- 
peutic gymnastics  (s) ;  Therapeutics 


Refer  from  Fertilizers  and  manures;  Geology, 
Economic 


Refer  from  Phj'sics  ;  Railroads  —  Single  rail ; 
Rotation 

Refer     from     Arrest;    Constitutional      law; 
Law ;  Martial  law 

Refer  from   Conduct  of  life;   Ethics;    Inhibi- 
tion; Instinct;  l-'sychology 


Refer  from  Meteorology;  Storms;  Water 

Refer    from     Baldness;     Beauty,     Personal 
Color  of  man;  Head;  Pathology 


Refer  from  Coiffure  (s) ;  Costume;  Fashion 
Hair;  Hair  dressing  (s) ;  Toilet 


Refer  from  Goldsmithing  ;  Jewelr\-;  Marks, 
Goldsmiths'  (s) ;  Plate;  Plate  marks  (s) ; 
Silversmithing;  Silverware 

Refer  from  Fame;  U.  S. —  Biography 
Refer  from  All  hallow  eve  (s) ;  Fortune  telling; 
Manners  and  customs;  Superstition 


Refer  from  Berbers;  Ethnology;  Ethnology 
—  Africa 

Refer  from  African  languages;  Coptic  lan- 
guage; Eg\'ptian  language 

Refer  from  Ambidexterity  ;  Anatom_\- ;  Beauty, 
Personal;  l""ingers  (s) ;  Left-  and  right-handed- 
ness 


173 


Hand-ball  see  Handball 

Hand-railings  see  Railings 

Handball  Refer  from  Ball  (s) ;  Games;  Hand-ball  (s) 

Handicraft 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts;  Domestic  arts;  Refer   from    Arts    and    crafts;    Crafts    (s) ; 

Industrial   arts;    Manual   training;   Occupa-       Domestic     arts;      Industrial      arts;      Manual 

tions  training;  Occupations 

Handrailings  see  Railings 
Handwriting    see     Autographs;     Graphology; 

Penmanship;  Writing 
Hanging  see  Capital  punishment 
Hanse  towns  see  Hanseatic  league 
Hanseatic  league 

See     also     Germany — History;     Middle  Refer  from   Cities;   Commerce;   Germany  — 

ages  —  History;  also  names  of  towns  in  the       Commerce;        Germany — History;         Hanse 

league  towns  (s) ;  Middle  ages  —  History 

Happiness 

See     also      Cheerfulness;      Contentment;  Refer     from      Cheerfulness;     Contentment; 

Hedonism ;  Joy ;  Optimism ;  Pleasure  Ethics;      Gladness       (s) ;      Hedonism;      Joy; 

Pleasure 
Harbor  defense  see  Coast  defense 
Harbors 

See   also   Breakwaters;    Buoys;    Civil    en-  Refer  from    Civil    engineering;    Commerce; 

gineering;  Docks;  Dredging;  Jetties;  Pilots  Docks;  Engineering;  Hydraulic  engineering; 
and  pilotage;  Wharves;  also  names  of  cities,  Hydrography;  Municipal  improvement;  Navi- 
subhead  Harbor  gation ;  Ports  (s) ;  Transportation 

Hard  times  see  Business  depression;  Panics 

Hardness  Refer  from  Matter;  Mineralogy 

Hardware 

See   also   Bolts    and   nuts;   Cutlery;    Files  Refer  from    Building;    Iron;    Manufactures; 

and  rasps;  Knives;  Locks  and  keys;  Metal       Metal  work;  Metals 
work;  Nails  and  spikes;  Screws;  Tools 
Hare  see  Hares 
Harem 

See  also  Turkey  —  Social  life  and  customs  Refer  from  Polygamy;  Seraglio  (s) ;  Turkey 

—  Social  life  and  customs;  Women 
Hares 

See  also  Belgian  hares  ;  Coursing ;  Rabbits  ;  Refer  from  Belgian  hares  ;  Coursing ;  Hare  (s) ; 

Rodents  Rabbits;  Rodents 

Harlequins  see  Clowns 
Harmonists 

See  also  Economy,  Pa.  Refer  from    Communism;    Harmonites    (s) ; 

Harmony  society  (s) ;  Rappists  (s) ;  Sects 
Harmonites  see  Harmonists 
Harmonium  see  Reed  organ 
Harmony 

See  also  Counterpoint;  Melody;  Modula-  Refer  from   Composition    (music);    Melody; 

tion;  Music  —  Theory  Modulation;  Music;  Music — -Theory; 

Thorough  bass  (s) 
Harmony    of    the    Gospels    see    Bible  —  New 

Testament  —  Gospels  —  Harmonies 
Harmony  society  see  Harmonists 
Harness 

See  also  Q\\cckvc\n%  Refer    from    Checkreins ;     Horse;     Leather; 

Manufactures;  Saddlery  (s) 
Harp 

Sf^  a/j-o  Stringed  instruments  Refer  from    Musical    instruments;    Stringed 

instruments 
Harpoons  ^^/^t /row  Fishing;  Whaling 

Harpsichord 

See  also  Musical  instruments;  Piano  Refer    from     Musical     instruments;     Piano; 


Harrowing  see  Tillage 

Harvesters  see  Harvesting  machinery 


Stringed  instruments 


174 


Harvesting  machinery 

See  also  Farm  implements  and  machinery; 
Mowing  machines 

Hasheesh  see  Hashish 
Hashish 

See  also  Hemp;  Narcotics 

Hastings,  Battle  of 

See  also  England  —  History — •  Normans 
Hate 

See  also  Emotions 
Hats 

See  also  Costume;  Headgear;  Milliner)- 

Haunted  houses  see  Ghosts 

Hawking  see  Falconry 

Hay 

See  also  Alfalfa;  Clover;  Feeding  and 
feeding  stuffs;  Grasses;  Pastures  and  mead- 
ows 

Hay  boxes  see  Fireless  cookers 

Hay  fever 

See  also  Catarrh  ;  Respiratory  organs  — 
Diseases 

Hay  stoves  see  Fireless  cookers 
Hazing 

See  also  Fraternities,  College;  Student  life 

Head 

See     also     Anatom\-;      Baldness;      Brain; 
I^ar;  Eye;   Face;  Hair;  Headache;   Mouth; 
Nose;  Phrenology;  Physiognomy;  Skull 
Head-gear  see  Headgear 
Head-hunters 

See  also  Dyaks;  Formosa 

Headache 

Headgear 

i'ct' a/io  Costume ;   Hats;    Helmets;    Milli- 
nery 
Headstones  see  Tombstones 
Healing  see  Therapeutics 
Healing,  Mental,  see  Mental  healing 
Health  see  Hygiene 
Health  boards 

See  also  Hj-giene,  Public 

Hcaltli  insurance  see  Insurance,  Health 
Health  resorts 

See  also  Climate;  Mineral  waters;  Sana- 
toriums;  Summer  resorls;  Winter  resorts 


Health  thoughts  see  Mental  healing 

Healths,    Drinking   of,    see    Drinking   customs; 

Toasts 
Hearing 

See  also  Deafness;  I'!ar;  Senses  and  sensa- 
tion 

Heart 

See     also     Auscultation;     Blood;      Blood 
vessels;  Sphygmograph 


Refer  from  Binders  (s) ;  Farm  implements 
and  machinery;  Harvesters  (s) ;  Reapers  (s) ; 
Reaping  machines  (s) 


Refer  from  Bhang  (s)  ;  Hasheesh  (s) ;  Hemp; 

Narcotics 

Refer  from    England  — -  History  —  Normans 

Refer  from  Emotions 

Refer    from     Costume;     Headgear;     Manu- 
factures; Millinery 


Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Feeding 
and  feeding  stuffs;  Grasses;  Pastures  and 
meadows 


Refer  from  Autumnal  catarrh  (s) ;  Catarrh; 
Fever;  Medicine — Practice;  Respiratory 
organs  —  Diseases 


Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities;  Frater- 
nities, College;  Secret  societies;  Student  life 

Refer  from  Anatomy;  Brain;  Skull 


Refer  Jroni  Dyaks;  Ethnolog\';  I'ormosa ; 
Malays 

Refer  from  Head;  Medicine  —  Practice; 
Nervous  system  —  Diseases 

Refer  from  Costume;  Hats;  Head-gear  (s)  ; 
Millinery 


Refer  front   Boards   of  health    (s) ;   Hygiene, 
Public;  Public  health  boards  (s) 


Refer  from  Climate;  Hygiene;  Invalids; 
Mineral  waters;  Resorts  (s) ;  Sanatoriums; 
Spas  (s) ;  Summer  resorts ;  Watering  places  (s) ; 
Winter  resorts 


Refer  from  Acoustics  (s) ;  Audition  (s) ; 
Deafness;  Ear;  Perception;  Senses  and  sensa- 
tion ;  Sound 

Refer  from  Blood;  Blood  vessels;  Chest; 
\'ascular  system 


Heat 

See  also  Animal  heat;  Boiling  points; 
Calorimeters  and  calorimetry;  Cold;  Com- 
bustion; Earth  —  Temperature;  Expansion 
(physics);  Fire;  Flame;  Heating;  Liquefac- 
tion of  gases;  Melting  points;  Physics; 
Pyrometers  and  pyrometry;  Radiation; 
Steam;  Sun;  Temperature;  Thermodynam- 
ics ;  Thermometer 

Heat  engines 

See  also  Air  engines;  Gas  and  oil  engines; 
Steam  engines;  Thermodynamics 

Heathenism  see  Paganism 

Heating 

See  also  Boilers;  Car  heating,  lighting  and 
ventilation;  Chimneys;  Electric  heating; 
Fireplaces  ;  Fuel ;  Furnaces  ;  Heat ;  Hot  water 
heating;  Steam  heating;  Stoves;  Ventilation 

Heatstroke 

Heaven 

See  also  Angels;  Future  life 

Heavens  see  Astronomy 
Hebrew  language 

See  also  Semitic  languages;  Yiddish  lan- 
guage 
Hebrew  literature 

See  also  Bible —  Old  Testament;  Cabala; 
Hebrew  poetry;  Jewish  literature;  Oriental 
literature;  Talmud;  Yiddish  literature 
Hebrew  poetry 

See  also  Bible  —  Old  Testament  —  Poeti- 
cal books ;  Hebrew  literature 
Hebrew's  see  Jews 
Hedges 

See  also   Evergreens;    Landscape   garden- 
ing; Shrubs 
Hedonism 

See     also     Egoism;     Epicureans;     Ethics; 
Happiness;  Pleasure;   Selfishness;  Utilitari- 
anism 
Heights  see  Altitudes 
Heirs  see  Inheritance 
Helicopters  see  Flying  machines 
Heliochromy  see  Color  photography 
Heliogravure  see  Photogravure 
Heliometer 

See  also  Astronomical  instruments;  Paral- 
lax 
Heliostat 

See  also  Astronomical  instruments 
Heliotropism 

See  also  Irritability  ;  Plants  —  Movements 

Heliotype 

See      also      Collotype;      Photomechanical 
processes 
Helium 

See  also  Radioactivity 


Refer  from  Caloric  (s) ;  Cold;  Combustion; 
Expansion  (physics) ;  Fire;  Heating;  Aleieor- 
ology;  Physics;  Radiation;  Steam  engines; 
Temperature;  Thermodynamics;  Vibration 


Refer   from   Engines;   Gas    and   oil   engines; 
Thermodynamics 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Architecture,  Do- 
mestic; Building;  Chimneys;  Fire;  Fuel; 
Heat;  Home  economics;  Sanitary  engineering; 
Sanitation,  Household  ;  Steam  heating ;  Stoves ; 
Ventilation;  Warming  (s) 

Refer  from  Medicine — Practice;  Sun- 
stroke (s) 

Refer  from  Death;  Eschatology;  Future 
life  ;  Paradise  (s) ;  Theology 


Refer   from    Jewish    language    (s) ;    Jews  — - 
Language  (s) ;  Semitic  languages 

Refer  from  Hebrew  poetry;  Jewish  literature; 
Jews  —  Literature  (s) ;  Oriental  literature 


Refer  from  Hebrew  literature 


Refer  from   Evergreens;   Fences;   Landscape 
gardening;  Shrubs;  Trees 

Refer  from   Ethics;    Happiness;  Philosophy; 
Pleasure;  Selfishness 


Hell 


See  also  Future  life;  Future  punishment 


Refer  from  Astronomical  instruments 


Refer  from  Astronomical  instruments 

Refer  from  Irritability;  Light;  Plants  — 
Movements 

Refer  from  Collotype;  Photography;  Photo- 
mechanical processes 

Refer  from  Chemical  elements;  Gases; 
Radioactivity 

Refer  from  Death;  Eschatology;  Future 
life;  Future  punishnu'iii;  Hades  (s) ;  Retri- 
bution (s) ;  Theology 


176 


Hellenism 


Srr  also  Classicism  ;  Xeoplatonism 


Helmets 

1  Iclniinthology  sff  Parasites;  \\'orms 
Hematology  setr  Blood 
Hemiplegia  see  Paralysis 
Hemiptera 

See  also   Chinch   bugs;    Cicadas;    Insects; 
Plant  lice;  Scale  insects 
Hemorrhage 

See  also  Bloodletting 

Hemp 

See  also  Cordage;  Fibers;  Hashish;  Jute; 
Linen;  Ramie;  Rope 

Hen  see  Poultry 

Hen  houses  see  Poultry  houses 

Hens  see  Poultry 

Heraldic  visitations  see  Visitations,  Heraldic 

Heraldry 

See  also  Arms  and  armor;  Chivalry;  Deco- 
rations of  honor ;  Devices;  Emblems;  T'lags; 
Genealogy;  Insignia;  Knights  and  knight- 
hood; Mottoes;  Peerage;  Precedence;  Seals 
(numismatics);  Titles  of  honor  and  nobility; 
Visitations,  Heraldic 

Herbage  see  Grasses 

Herbs,  Medicinal,  see  Medical  botany 

Heredity 

See  also  Biology;  Breeding;  Consanguini- 
ty; Defectives;  Degeneration;  Eugenics; 
Evolution  ;  Genius  ;  Hybridization  ;  Mendel's 
law;  Natural  selection;  Physical  deteriora- 
tion; Plant  breeding;  Prenatal  influences; 
Species;  Variation  (biology) 


Heresy 

See     also     Church     history;     Inquisition; 
Liberty  of  conscience;  Alartjrs;  Persecution 
Hermaphroditism 

Hermeneutics  see  Bible  —  Criticism  and  inter- 
pretation 
Hermetic  art  see  Alchemy;  Astrology;  Occult 

sciences 
Hermits 

See  also  Asceticism 

Heroes 

iSV^  also  Adventure;  Courage;  Discoveries 
and  explorations;  Explorers;  Martyrs;  Mis- 
sionaries; Mythology;  Saints 

Heroines  see  Heroes 

Heroism  see  Courage;  Heroes 

Herpetology  see  Reptiles 

Herrnhuters  see  Moravians 

Hertzian  waves  see  Electric  waves 

Hessian  flies 

Hessians  in  the  American  revolution  see  U.  S. — 
History  —  Revolution  —  German  troops 

Hexateuch  see  Bible  —  Old  Testament  — 
Hexateuch 


Refer  from    Classicism;    Greek    culture    (s) ; 
Greek      civilization      (s) ;      Greek      literature; 

Humanism 

Refer  from  Arms  and  armor;  Headgear 


Refer  from  Bugs  (s) ;  Chinch  bugs;  Cicadas; 
Insects;  Plant  lice;  Scale  insects 

Refer  from   Bleeding  (sj  ;   Blood;  Pathology; 
Wounds 

Refer  from   Fibers;    Hashish;    Linen;    Rope; 
Yarn 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Arms,  Coats  of  (s) ; 
Biography;  Chivalry;  Coats  of  arms  (s)  ; 
Crests  (s)  ;  Decorations  of  honor;  Dev-ices ; 
Genealogy;  History;  Knights  and  knighthood; 
Mottoes;  Nobility  (s) ;  Pedigrees  (s) ;  Peerage; 
Titles  of  honor  and  nobility 


Refer  from  Ancestry  (s) ;  Atavism  (s) ;  Bi- 
ology; Breeding;  Children;  Crime  and  crimi- 
nals ;  Degeneration ;  Descent  (s) ;  Environ- 
ment;  Eugenics;  Evolution;  Inheritance  (bi- 
ology) (s) ;  Man;  Natural  selection;  Parents; 
Physical  deterioration;  Physiology;  Psychol- 
ogy; Transmission  (biology)  (s) ;  Variation 
(biology) ;  Zoology 

Refer  from  Church  history;  Liberty  of  con- 
science ;  Theology 

Refer  from  Biology;  Sex 


Refer  from  Asceticism;  Biography;  Christian 
biography;  Alonks  (s) ;  Solitude 

Refer  from  Adventure;  Biography;  Courage; 
Heroines  (s) ;  Heroism  (s) ;  History 


Refer  from  Diptera  ;  Mies;  Insects,  Injurious 
and  beneficial ;  \\'heat 


177 


Habits  and  behavior 


Hibernation 

Sre  also  Animals 
Hides  and  skins 

See  also  Fur;  Leather;  Tanning 


Hieroglyphics 

See    also    Alphabet;    Egyptian    language; 
Inscriptions;  Picture  writing;  Rosetta  stone 

High  buildings 

See  also  Elevators;  Steel  construction 


High  license  see  Liquor  laws;  Liquor  traffic 

High  school  athletics  see  School  athletics 

High  school  fraternities  see  Fraternities,  High 
school 

High  schools 

See  also  College  entrance  requirements; 
Commencements;  Education,  Secondary; 
Fraternities,  High  school;  School  athletics 

High  speed  see  Speed 

High  treason  see  Treason 

Higher  criticism  see  Bible  —  Criticism  and 
interpretation 

Higher  education  see  Classical  education; 
College  education,  Value  of;  Colleges  and 
universities;  Professional  education;  Tech- 
nical education 

Higher  thought  (new  thought)  see  New  thought 

Highlands  of  Scotland 

See  also  Clans;  Tartans 

Highwaymen  see  Brigands  and  robbers 

Highways  see  Roads  ;  Streets 

Hindoos  see  Hindus 

Hindoostanee  language  see  Hindustani  lan- 
guage 

Hindu  literature 

See  also  Oriental  literature;  Sanskrit 
literature ;  Vedas 

Hindu  philosophy  see  Philosophy,  Hindu 

Hinduism 

See  also  Brahmanism ;  Buddhism;  Caste; 
India  —  Religion  ;  Jains  ;  Philosophy,  Hindu  ; 
Vedanta ;  Vedas;  Yoga 

Hindus 

See  also  Aryans 

Hindustani  language 

See  also  Indo-Aryan  languages 

Hippodrome  see  Circus 

Hippology  see  Horse 

Histochemistry  see  Physiological  chemistry 

Histology 

vSV^    also    Anatomy;    Botany,    Structural; 
Cells;     Alicroscope     and     microscopy;     also 
names  of  organs  and  tissues,  e.g.  Muscles 
Historians 

See  also  Archaeologists;  Authors 

Historic  houses 

See  also  Preservation  of  landmarks,  scen- 
ery, etc.;  also  names  of  countries  and  cities, 
subhead  Historic  houses,  etc. 


Refer  from  Animals  —  Habits  and  behavior 

Refer  from  Animal  products;  Fur;  Leather; 
Skins  (s) ;  Tanning 

Refer  from  Alphabet;  Egyptian  language; 
Inscriptions;      Language;      Picture     writing; 

Writing 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Sky-scrapers  (s) ; 
Skyscrapers  (s) ;  Steel  construction;  Tall 
buildings  (s) 


Refer  frovi  Education;  Education,  Second- 
ary; Public  schools;  Schools;  Secondary 
schools  (s) 


Refer  from  Clans;  Scotland;  Scottish  high- 
lands (s) 


Refer    from'   Oriental     literature;     Sanskrit 
literature 


Refer  from   Brahmanism;    Buddhism;   India 
-  Religion;  Religions;  Yoga 


Refer    from     Aryans; 
Hindoos  (s) ;  India 


Ethnology  —  India ; 
anguagc     (s) ; 


Refer    from     Hindoostanee 
Indo-Aryan  languages 


Refer  from  Anatomy;  Cells;  Medicine; 
Microscope  and  microscopy;  Microscopic 
anatomy  (s) ;  Morphology;  Pathology;  Tis- 
sues (s) 

Refer  from  Archaeologists;  Authors;  Bi- 
ography; History 

Refer  from  History;  Houses,  Historic  (s) ; 
Preservation  of  landmarks,  scenery,  etc. 


178 


Historic  materialism  see  Economic  determinism 
Historic  trees  see  Trees,  Historic 
Historical  atlases 

^ce  also  Geography,  Historical  Refer  from   Atlases;   Geograpliy,    Historical; 

History 
Historical    dictionaries   see  History  —  Diction- 
aries 
Historical   fiction    [for    works    about    historical 
fiction] 
For  historical  novels  see  subhead  History  Refer  from   Fiction;    Fiction,    Historical    (s)  ; 

—  Fiction     (or    History  —  [period    subdivi-       History 
sion]  —  Fiction)   under  names  of  countries, 
cities,  etc.,  and  subhead  Fiction  under  names 
of  historical  events  and  characters 
Historical  geography  see  Geography,  Historic;il 
Historical  societies 

S(V  «/jo  Antiquarian  societies  Refer  from    Antiquarian    societies;    History; 

History  Societies 

See     aliO     Anthropogeography ;     Anthro-  ^c/fr/rowi  Annals  (s)  ;  Archaeology ;  Biogra- 

pology;  Archaeology;  Autobiography;  Bat-  phy;  Christendom  (s) ;  Chronology,  Historical; 
ties;  Biography;  Boundaries;  Chronology,  Civilization;  Man;  Military  history;  Naval 
Historical;  Church  history;  Civilization;  history ;  Science 
Colonies  and  colonization ;  Conspiracies ; 
Constitutional  history;  Crusades;  Diplo- 
macy; Disasters;  Discoveries  and  explora- 
tions; Ethnology;  Famines;  Finance; 
Floods  ;  Genealogy  ;  Geography,  Historical ; 
Government ;  Heraldry  ;  Heroes  ;  Historians  ; 
Historic  houses;  Historical  atlases;  Histori- 
cal fiction;  Historical  societies;  Internation- 
al relations;  Kings  and  rulers;  Man; 
Massacres  ;  Medals  ;  Middle  ages  —  History  ; 
Migration  of  nations;  Military  history; 
Naval  history;  Numismatics;  Progress; 
Race  problems;  Revolutions;  Riots;  Sieges; 
Slavery;  Sociology;  Statistics;  Treaties; 
Trees,  Historic;  also  names  of  countries, 
etc.,  subheads  Antiquities,  Foreign  relations. 
History,  and  Politics.  For  the  history  of  a 
special  subject  see  its  name 

Ancient 

See  also  Archaeology;    Bible  —  Histor}-;  Refer  from  Ancient  history  (s) ;  Arciuieology 

Civilization,  Ancient;  Classical  diction- 
aries; Geography,  Ancient;  Inscriptions; 
Numismatics;  Seven  wonders  of  the  world; 
also  names  of  ancient  races  and  peoples, 
and  names  of  countries  of  antiquity 

Comic,  see  Comic  histories 

Constitutional,  see  Constitutional  history 

Dictionaries  Refer  from  Historical  dictionaries  (s) 

Essays,  addresses,  etc. 

Medieval,  see  Middle  ages  —  Fllstory 

Military,  see  Military  history 

Modem 

See  also   Eastern  question;   Eighteenth  Refer  from   Eighteenth    century;    Europe  — 

century;  Europe  —  History  —  1492-       History —  1492-1789;       Europe — History  — 

1789;     Europe  —  History —  1789-;     Fif-        1789-;   Modern  history   (s) ;    Nineteenth    cen- 
teenth  century;  Holy  alliance;  Nineteenth       tury;  Seventeenth  century;  Sixteenth  century 
century;        Reformation;        Renaissance; 
Seventeenth   century;   Sixteenth   century 
Twentieth  century 

Natural,  see  Natural  histor\- 

Naval,  see  Na\'al  liistor\- 

Philosophy 

See   also    Civilization;    Economic   deter-  /Jr/rr/rom  Civilization  ;  Pliilosopliy  ;  Philoso- 

minism  phy  of  history  (s) 

179 


History  —  Continued 
Sources 

See  also  Archives;  Charters;  Diplomatic 
memoirs;  Genealogy;  Manuscripts 

Universal 

Histrionics  see  Acting;  Theater 

Hittites 

Hoaxes  see  Imposture 

Hockey 

See  also  Winter  sports 

Hog  see  Swine 
Hogs  see  Swine 
Hoisting  machinery 

See   also    Conveying    machinery;    Cranes, 
derricks,    etc.;    Electromagnets;    Elevators; 
Mining  machinery;  Rope 
Holidays 

See  also  Anniversaries;  Arbor  day;  Bird 
day;  Christmas;  Fasts  and  feasts;  Festivals; 
Flag  day;  Fourth  of  July;  Memorial  day; 
New  Year ;  Patriots'  day ;  Thanksgiving  day ; 
Vacations 
Holiness  see  Sanctification 
Holy  alliance 

See       also       Europe — History — 1789-; 
Intervention 


Holy  days  see  Fasts  and  feasts 

Holy  eastern  church  see  Greek  church 

Holy  Ghost  see  Holy  Spirit 

Holy  grail  see  Grail 

Holy  office  see  Inquisition 

Holy  Roman  empire 

See     also     Germany  —  History;     Middle 
ages  —  History 


Holy  Scriptures  see  Bible 

Holy  See  see  Catholic  church;  Popes 

Holy  sepulcher 

See  also  Jerusalem 
Holy  Spirit 

See  also  Trinity 

Holy  week 

See  also  Christian  year;  Easter;  Fasts  and 
feasts;  CJood  Friday;  Lent 
Holy  wells 

See  also  Shrines 
Home 

See  also  Children;  Family;  Home  econom- 
ics; Marriage;  Mothers;  Women 
Home  dec()rati(m  see  House  decoration 
Home  economics 

See  also  Apartment  houses;  Breakfasts; 
Carving  (meat,  etc.) ;  Chemistry,  Ilouselujld  ; 
Cleanliness;  Cookery;  Cooperative  house- 
keeping; Cost  of  living;  Dairying;  Diet; 
Dinners  and  dining;  Domestic  arts;  Dress- 
making; Electricity  in  the  home;  Entertain- 
ing; Family;  Fancy  work;  Fireless  cookers; 
Food;  ]''uel ;  Furniture;  Gardening;  Guests; 
Heating  J    Home;    House    cleaning;    House 


Refer  from  Universal  history  (s) 
Refer  from  Bible  —  Ethnology 


Refer  frotn    Bandy    (s) ;    Games;    Ice    hock- 
ey (s) ;  Winter  sports 


Refer  from  Conveying  machinery;  Cranes, 
derricks,  etc. ;  Elevators  ;  Lifts  (s) ;  Machinery ; 
Mining  machinery 

Refer  from  Anniversaries;  Celebrations  (s) ; 
Christian  year;  Christmas;  Days;  Entertain- 
ments; Fasts  and  feasts;  Festivals  ;  Legal  holi- 
days (s) ;  Manners  and  customs;  National 
holidays  (s) ;  Vacations 


Refer  from  Alliance,  Holy  (s)  ;  Austria  — 
History ;  Europe  —  History  —  1789-;  History, 
Modern;  International  relations;  Intervention; 
Prussia- — -History;  Russia  —  History;  Trea- 
ties 


Refer  from  Europe  —  History;  German 
empire  (Western  empire)  (s) ;  Germany  — 
History;  Middle  ages  —  History;  Western 
empire  (s) 


Refer  from  Jerusalem;  Jesus  Christ;  Tombs 

Refer  from  God;  Holy  Ghost  (s) ;  Spirit  (s)  ; 
Theology ;  Trinity 

Refer  from  Christian  year;  Fasts  and  feasts; 
Lent 

Refer  from  Miracles;  Shrines;  Wells 

Refer  from  Children;  Ethics;  Family;  Home 
economics;  Mothers;  Women 


Refer  from  Cookery;  Domestic  arts;  Domes- 
tic economy  (s) ;  Domestic  science  (s) ;  Econom- 
ics; Family;  Home;  Household  econom- 
ics (s) ;  Household  management  (s) ;  House- 
hold science  (s) ;  Housekeeping  (s) ;  Industrial 
arts;  Kitchen;  Women 


180 


decoration;  Household  pests;  Kitchen; 
Kitchen  garden  (for  teaching  housekeeping) ; 
Laundry;  Luncheons;  Marketing;  IVIenus ; 
Needlework;  Receipts;  Sanitation,  House- 
hold; Servants;  Standard  of  li\'ing;  Sweep- 
ing; Table;  Ventilation 
Home  education 

See       also       Children;       Correspondence 
schools  and  courses;  Self-culture 


Home  labor 

See  also  Sweating  system 


Home  libraries 

Home  missions  see  Missions,  Home 
Home  rule 

Ireland 

See   also    Fenians    (society);    Ireland  — 
Government 
Home    training   see   Children  —  ALinagement; 

Home  education 
Homeopathy 

See  also  Medicine,  and  references  under 
that  subject 
Homes  (institutions)  see  Almshouses ;  Asylums ; 
Charities;  Homes  for  the  aged;  also  names 
of  cities,  subheads  Hospitals  and  asylums 
and  Charities;  and  special  classes  of  people, 
e.g.  Blind  —  Asylums  and  education;  Or- 
phans and  orphan  asylums,  Soldiers'  homes 
Homes  for  the  aged 

See  also  Soldiers'  homes 


Homestead  law 

Homicide  see  Murder 

Homiletical    illustrations    see    Anecdotes,    Re- 
ligious 
Homiletics  see  Preaching;  Sermons 
Homilies  see  Sermons 
Homing  pigeons  see  Pigeons 
Homoeopathy  see  Homeopathy 
Honesty 

See  also  Business  ethics;  Sincerity 

Honey 

See  also  Bees 
Honor 

See  also  Business  ethics;  Dueling 

Honor  system  see  Self-go\crnmcnt  (in  educa- 
tion) 

Honorary  degrees  see  Degrees,  Academic 

Honorary    titles    see   Titles    of    honor    and 
nobility 

Hoods,  Academic,  see  Costume,  Academic 

Hookworm  disease 

Hornbooks 

Horns 

Horology  see  Clocks  and  watches  ;  Timekeepers 
Horoscopes  see  Astrology 


Refer  front  Children ;  Children  —  Educa- 
tion (s) ;  Domestic  education  (s) ;  Education  ; 
Education,  Elementarj';  Education  of  chil- 
dren (s)  ;  Family;  Home  training  (s) ;  Parents 

Refer  from  Industry;  Labor  and  laboring 
classes;  Sweating  system;  Women  —  Employ- 
ment 

Refer  from  Libraries;  Libraries,  Home  (s) 

Refer  from  Government;  Local  government; 
Self-government  (s) 

Refer  from  Fenians  (society) ;  Ireland  — 
Government 


Refer   from    Homoeopathy     (s) ;     Medicine; 
Pharmacy;  Therapeutics 


Refer  from  Aged  poor  (s) ;  Asylums;  Homes 
(institutions)  (s) ;  Old  age;  Old  age  homes  (s) ; 
Old  ladies'  homes  (s) ;  Poor 

Refer  from  Land  tenure  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S.  — 
Public  lands 


Refer  from  Business  ethics;  Conduct  of  life; 
Dishonesty  (s) ;  Ethics;  Sincerity;  Truth 

Refer  from  Bees 

Refer     from      Business      ethics;      Chivalry; 
Dueling ;  Ethics 


Refer  from  Medicine  —  Practice;  Parasites 
Refer  from  Literature;  Primers 
Refer    from     Antlers     (s) ;     Cattle;     Cows; 
Dehorning  of  cattle  (s) ;  Zoology 


Horse 

Sfe  also  Barns  and  stables;  Checkreins; 
Domestic  animals;  Driving;  Harness;  Horse 
racing;  Horse  training;  Horsemanship; 
Horseshoeing;  Live  stocic;  Pack  transpor- 
tation; Ungulata ;  Veterinary  medicine 

Horse-breaking  see  Horse  training 
Horse  racing 


Horse  railroads  see  Street  railroads 
Horse  training 

See  also  Horsemanship 

Horseless  carriages  see  Automobiles 
Horsemanship 

See  also  Coaches  and  coaching;  Driving; 
Hunting;  Polo 

Horses  see  Horse 
Horseshoeing 

See  also  Blacksmithing 

Horticulture   see    Floriculture;    Fruit    culture; 

Gardening 
Hosiery 


Hospitality 

See  also  Entertaining;  Guests 
Hospitallers  see  Malta,  Knights  of 
Hospitals 

See  also  Ambulances;  Asylums;  Charities; 
Convalescent  homes;  Dispensaries;  First  aid 
in  illness  and  injury;  Hospitals,  Military; 
Hospitals,  Naval  and  marine;  Inebriate 
asylums;  Insane  hospitals;  Nurses  and 
nursing;  Sanatoriums;  also  names  of  cities 
and  countries,  subhead  Hospitals  and  asy- 
lums 

Military 

See  also   Battlefield   relief;     Red   cross; 
also  names  of  wars,  subhead  Medical  and 
sanitary  affairs 
Naval  and  marine 

Hot-air  engines  see  Air  engines 

Hot  springs  see  Geysers  and  hot  springs 

Hot  water  heating 

Hotels 

See  also  Apartment  houses ;  Coffeehouses  ; 
Inns;  Lodging  houses;  Restaurants 
Hothouses  see  Greenhouses 
Hottentots 

See  also  Bushmen 
Hours  of  labor 

See  also  Child  labor;  Daylight  saving; 
Women  —  Employment;  Sweating  system 


House  boats 


Refer  from  Barns  and  stables;  Cavalry; 
Cavalry  drill  and  tactics;  Domestic  animals; 
Driving;  Farriery  (s) ;  Hippology  (s) ; 
Horses  (s) ;  Live  stock;  Pacing  (s) ;  Pedi- 
grees (s) ;  Race  horses  (s) ;  Trotting  (s) ;  Ungu- 
lata; Veterinary  medicine 

Refer  from  Book-making  (betting)  (s) ;  Book- 
making  (betting)  (s) ;  Gambling;  Horse; 
Pacing  (s) ;  Race  horses  (s) ;  Racing  (s) ; 
Sports;  Steeplechasing  (s) ;  Trotting  (s) ; 
Turf,  The  (s) 


Refer    from     Animals  —  Training;     Horse; 
Horse-breaking  (s) ;  Training 


Refer  from  Driving;  Equestrianism  (s) ; 
Horse;  Horse  training;  Locomotion;  Riding 
(s) ;  Sports 


Refer    from     Blacksmithing;     Farriery     (s) ; 
Horse 


Refer  from  Clothing;  Costume;  Dry  goods; 
Foot;  Stockings  (s) ;  Textile  industry  and 
fabrics;  Underwear 

Refer  from  Guests 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Asylums;  Chari- 
ties; Charities,  Medical;  Dispensaries;  Hy- 
giene, Public;  Infirmaries  (s) ;  Institutions, 
Charitable  and  philanthropic  (s) ;  Medicine; 
Nurses  and  nursing 


Refer  from  Battlefield  relief;  Field  hos- 
pitals (s) ;  Hospitals;  Military  art  and  science  ; 
Military  hospitals  (s) 

Refer  from  Hospitals;  Marine  hospitals  (s) ; 
Naval  hospitals  (s) 


Refer  from  Heating;  Steam  heating;  Water 
heating  (s) 

Refer    from     Architecture;     Inns;     Lodging 
houses;  Restaurants;  Taverns  (s) 


Refer  from  Ethnology  —  Africa 

Refer  from  Child  labor;  Eight-hour  day  (s) ; 
Factory  laws;  Factory  system;  Industrial 
betterment;  Labor  and  laboring  classes; 
Labor  laws  ;  Ten-hour  day  (s) ;  Working-day  (s) 

Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  House- 
boats (s) ;  Outdoor  life 


182 


House  cleaning 

See  also  Dust;  Sweeping;  Vacuum  clean- 
ing systems 

House  decoration 

See  also  Bric-a-brac;  Candlesticks;  Car- 
pets; Decoration  and  ornament;  Draper}-; 
Fancy  work;  Fireplaces;  Floral  decoration; 
Furniture;  Grilles;  Lattice;  Mantels;  Alural 
painting  and  decoration;  Picture  frames; 
Pictures;  Rugs;  School  decoration;  Tapes- 
try; Upholstery;  Wall  paper;  Wood  iinish- 
ing ;  Woodwork 

House     drainage    see     Plumbing;     Sanitation, 
Household ;  Sewerage 

House  flies  see  Flies 

House  painting 

See  also  Frescoes;  Mural  painting  and 
decoration ;  Painting,  Mechanical 

House  plans  see  Architectural  drawing;  Archi- 
tecture, Domestic 

House   plants   see   Floriculture;    Plants,    Culti- 
vated ;  Window  gardening 

House  rent  see  Rent 

House  sanitation  see  Sanitation,  Household 

Houseboats  see  House  boats 

Household  arts  see  Domestic  arts 

Household    chemistry   see   Chemistr\',    House- 
hold 

Household  decoration  see  House  decoration 

Household  economics  see  Home  economics 

Household  expenses  see  Cost  of  living 

Household  management  see  Home  economics 

Household  pests 

See  also  I'lics;  Insects,  Injurious  and 
bene'ficial;  Mice;  Mosquitoes;  Rats 

Household  sanitation  see  Sanitation,  Household 

Household  science  see  Home  economics 

Housekeeping  see   Cooperative    housekeeping; 
Home  economics 

Housemaids  see  Ser\-anis 

Houses  see  y\rchitecturc.  Domestic;  House 
decoration 

Houses,  Historic,  see  Historic  houses 

Housing  problem 

See  also  Apartment  lujuses;  Cities  — 
Planning  and  laying  out;  Garden  cities; 
Industrial  betterment;  Lodging  houses; 
Sanitation,  Household;  Tenement  houses 


Hucksters  see  Pcddleis  and  pcddl 
Hudson  Bay  company 

See  also  Fur  trade 


ing 


Huguenots 

See  also  Camisards;  France  —  Religious 
history;  Reformation  —  France;  St.  Bar- 
tholomew's da}'.  Massacre  of;  Waldenses 


Human  anatomy  see  Anatomy 
Human   body  see  Anatomy;   Anthropometry; 
Physiology 


Refer  from  Cleaning;  Dust;  Home  econom- 
ics ;  Sanitation,  Household 

Refer  from  Architecture,  Domestic;  Art; 
Carpets;  Decoration  and  ornament;  Furni- 
ture; Home  decoration  (s) ;  Home  economics; 
Household  decoration  (s) ;  Houses  (s) ;  Interior 
decoration  (s) ;  Rugs  ;  Upholstery 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Architecture,  Do- 
mestic; Building;  Mural  painting  and  deco- 
ration; Painting,  Mechanical 


Refer     from      Home      economics : 
Injurious  and  beneficial;  Pests  (s) 


Insects, 


Refer  from  Architecture,  Domestic;  Cities; 
Cities  —  Planning  and  laying  out;  Dwel- 
lings (s) ;  Habitations,  Human  (s) ;  Hygiene, 
Public;  Industrial  betterment;  Labor  and 
laboring  classes;  Laborer's  dwellings  (s); 
Municipal  improvement;  Poor;  Social  prob- 
lems; Tenement  houses;  Workingmen's  dwel- 
lings (s) 


Refer  from  Canada  — -  Commerce;  Fur  trade; 
Trading  companies 

Refer  from  Camisards;  Church  history; 
France  —  History  —  House  of  Valois;  France 
— ^  Religious  history;  Persecution;  Reforma- 
tion—  France;  St.  Bartholomew's  day, 
Massacre  of;  Sects;  Waldenses 


183 


Human  faculties  see  Psychology 
Human   figure   in   art  see   Anatomy,   Artistic; 
Figure  drawing;   Figure  painting;   Nude  in 
art 
Human  race  see  Anthropology;  Man 
Human  sacrifice  see  Sacrifice 
Humane  societies 

See    also     Animals  —  Treatment;     Chari- 
table   societies;    Children — -Charities,    pro- 
tection, etc. 
Humanism 

See   also   Classical   education;    Hellenism; 
Renaissance 
Humanitarianism  (theology)  j^"^  Unitarianism  ; 
also     Arianism;     Jesus     Christ  —  Divinity; 
Socinianism;  Trinity 
Humanities  see  Classical  education 
Humbug  j('£'  Imposture;    Swindlers   and   swin- 
dling 
Humidity 

See    also    Dampness    in    buildings;    Dew; 
Hygrometry ;  Aleteorology 
Humor 

See  also  Anecdotes;  Burlesques;  Carica- 
ture and  cartoons  ;  Comedy  ;  Comic  histories  ; 
Epigrams;  Fools;  Humorists;  Irony; 
Laughter;  Limericks;  Macaronic  verse; 
Nonsense  verse;  Parodies;  Punning;  Reci- 
tations and  readings,  Humorous;  Satire; 
Table-talk 

American 

See    also    American    literature;    Satire, 
American 

English 

See     also     English     literature;     Satire, 
English 
Humorists 

See  also  Authors 
Humorous     recitations     see     Recitations     and 

readings,  Humorous 
Hundred  years'  war,  1339-1453 

See  also  Agincourt,  Battle  of;  England  — 
History  — -  Plantagenets;  England  —  History 
Lancaster    and    York;     France  —  History  — 
House  of  Valois 
Hungarian  language 

See  also  Ural-Altaic  languages 

Hungarian  literature 

Hungarians  in  the  U.  S. 
Huns 

See  also  Barbarian  invasions  of  Rome 
Hunting 

See  also  Bears;  Coursing;  Deer;  Dogs; 
Elephants;  Falconry;  P'ishing;  Foxes; 
Game  ;  Game  birds  ;  Game  laws  ;  Game  pro- 
tection ;  Guns;  Lions ;  Poaching;  Shooting; 
Sports;  Tigers;  Tracking;  Trapping 


Refer  from  Animals  —  Treatment;  Chari- 
table societies;  Children  —  Charities,  protec- 
tion, etc. ;  Societies 

Refer  from  Classical  education;  Culture, 
Literature;  Philosophy;  Renaissance 


Refer  from  Air;  Dew;  Hygiene;  Meteor- 
ology; Moisture  of  the  air  (s) 

Refer  frovi  Anecdotes;  Caricature  and  car- 
toons ;  Comic  literature  (s) ;  Facetiae  (s) ; 
Jests  (s) ;  Jokes  (s) ;  Laughter;  Literature; 
Poetry;  Punning;  Satire;  Wit  and  humor  (s) 


Refer  from  American  humor  (s) ;  American 
literature;  American  wit  and  humor  (sj 

Refer    from     English     humor     (s) ;     English 
literature;  English  wit  and  humor  (s) 

Refer  from  Authors;  Biography;  Humor 


Refer  from  Agincourt,  Battle  of;  England  — 
History — Plantagenets;  England  —  History 
—  Lancaster  and  York;  France  —  History  — 
House  of  Valois 

Refer  from  Magyar  language  (s) ;  Ural-Altaic 
languages 

Refer  from  Magyar  literature  (s) 

Refer  from  U.  S. —  Foreign  population 

Refer  from  Barbarian  invasions  of  Rome 

Refer  from  Adventure;  Animals;  Big 
game  (s) ;  Chase,  The  (s) ;  Country  life; 
Field  sports  (s) ;  Game;  Gunning  (s) ;  Horse- 
manship; Outdoor  life;  Shooting;  Sports; 
Trapping 


Hurricanes 

See  also  Cyclones;  Storms 

Husband     and    wife    see    Domestic 

Husbands;  Marriage;  Wives 
Husbandry  see  Agriculture 


relations ; 


Refer  from  Cyclones;  Meteorology;  Storms; 
Winds 


184 


Husbands 

See    also     Domestic     relations ; 
Fathers;  Marriage;  Wives 


Fa  mil  V 


Hussites 

Hybridism  see  Hybridization 
Hybridization 

See  also  Mendel's  law;  Plant  breeding 


H}"draulic  cement  see  Cement 

Hydraulic  engineering 

See  also  Aqueducts;  Artesian  wells; 
Boring;  Breakwaters;  Bridges — Founda- 
tions and  piers;  Caissons;  Canals;  Coffer- 
dams; Culverts;  Dams;  Docks;  Drainage; 
Dredging;  Embankments;  Engineering; 
Floods;  Fluids;  Fountains;  Harbors;  Hy- 
draulic machinery;  Hydraulic  mining;  Hy- 
draulics; Hydrodynamics;  Hydro-electric 
plants;  Irrigation;  Jetties;  Lighthouses; 
Mining  engineering;  Pumping  stations; 
Pumps;  Reclamation  of  land;  Reservoirs; 
Rivers;  Sea  walls;  Turbines;  Water;  Water 
power ;  Water  supply ;  Water  wheels ; 
Wells ;  Wharves 

Hydraulic  machinery 

SVf'  also  H\"draulic  engineering;  H\-- 
draulic  motors;  Hydraulic  rams;  Pumps; 
Turbines;  Water  wheels 

Hydraulic  mining 

See  also  Gold  dredging;  Gold  mines  and 
mining;  Mines  and  mineral  resources 

Hydraulic  motors 

See'also  Hydraulic  machinery;  Turbines; 
W^ater  wheels 
Hydraulic    power    see    Hydraulic    machinery; 

Hydro-electric  plants;  Water  power 
Hydraulic  rams 

See  also  Hydraulic  machinery 

Hydraulics 

See  also  Fluids;  Hydraulic  engineering; 
Hydraulic  machinery;  Hydrodynamics;  Hy- 
drometer; Hydrostatics;  Jets;  Liquids; 
Mechanics;  Physics;  Rivers;  Water;  Water 
power 
Hydrodynamics 

See al}-j  1 1\  draulicengineering ; Hydraulics  ; 
Hydrostatics;  Jets;  Mechanics;  Viscosity; 
W  aves 

Hydro-electric  plants 

See  also  Electric  power  transmission 


Hydrography 

See  also  Charts;  Harbors;  Inland  naviga- 
tion; Navigation;  Ocean;  Ocean  currents; 
Rivers;  Sounding  and  soundings;  Tides 


Refer  from  Domestic  relations;  Family; 
Husband  and  wife  (s) ;  Marriage;  Men; 
Wives 

Refer  from  Reformation;  Sects 


Refer  from  Biology;  Botany;  Breeding 
Heredity;  Hybridism  (s) ;  Xlendel's  law 
Plant  breeding;  Species 


Refer  from  Canals;  Civil  engineering;  Dams; 
Engineering;  Engineering,  Hydraulic  (s) ; 
Fluids;  Hydraulic  machinery;  Hydraulics; 
Hydrodynamics;  Machinery;  Mechanical  en- 
gineering; Rivers;  Water;  Water  power; 
Water  supply 


Refer  from  Hydraulic  engineering  ;  Hydraulic 
motors;  Hydraulic  power  (s) ;  Hydraulic  rams; 
Hydraulics;  Machinery;  Water  power 

Refer  from  Gold  mines  and  mining;  Hydrau- 
lic engineering;  Alines  and  mineral  resources; 
Mining  engineering;  Placer  mining  (s) 

Refer  from  Hydraulic  machinery;  Motors; 
Turbines;  W^ater  power;  W'ater  wheels 


Refer   fro  m 
Hydraulic  (s) 


Hydraulic    machinery;     Rams, 


Refer  from  Flow  of  water  (s) ;  Fluids;  Hy- 
draulic engineering;  Hydrodynamics;  Hy- 
dromechanics   (s) ;    Hydrostatics;    Jets;    Me- 


chanics ; 
flow  (s) 


Physics;     Rivers;     Water;     Water 


Hydrokinetics  see  Hydrodynamics 


Refer  from  Dynamics;  Fluids;  Hydraulic 
engineering;  Hydraulics;  Hydrokinetics  (s) ; 
Hydromechanics  (s) ;  Jets;  Liquids;  Me- 
chanics ;  Viscosity 

Refer  from  Electric  engineering;  Electric 
power  transmission;  Flumes;  Hydraulic  en- 
gineering; Hydraulic  power  (s) ;  Power  plants; 
Power  plants,  Electric;  Water  power;  Water- 
power  electric  plants  (s) 

Refer  from  Marine  surveying  (s) ;  Maritime 
surveying  (s) ;  Nautical  surveying  (s) ;  Naviga- 
tion; Ocean;  Oceanography  (s) ;  Physical 
geography;     Rivers;      Surveying;    Thalassog- 

raphy  (s) 


I8S 


Hydrology  see  Water;  Water,  Underground 
Hjdromechanics     see    Hydraulics;     Hydrody- 
namics 
Hydrometer 

Hydropathy  see  Hydrotherapy 
Hydrophobia 

See  also  Dogs;  Pasteurism 

Hydrostatics 

See     also     Capillarity;     Compressibility; 
Fluids;  Hydraulics;  Hydrometer;  Mechan- 
ics ;  Physics  ;  Specific  gravity  ;  Water 
Hydrotherapy 

See  also  Baths  and  bathing ;  Mineral  waters 


Hygiene 

See  also  Air  pollution;  Alcohol  —  Physi- 
ological effects;  Baths  and  bathing;  Beauty, 
Personal;  Bible — Medicine,  hygiene,  etc.; 
Children  —  Care  and  hygiene;  Cleanliness; 
Climate;  Clothing;  Diet;  Disinfection  and 
disinfectants;  Dress  reform;  Dust;  Exercise; 
Fatigue;  Food;  Food  adulteration  and  in- 
spection; Gymnastics;  Health  resorts;  Hu- 
midity; Hygiene,  Public;  Invalids;  Longev- 
ity; A-ledical  inspection  of  schools;  Medi- 
cine; Mental  hygiene;  Military  hygiene; 
Mind  and  body;  Narcotic  habit;  Narcotics; 
Naval  hygiene;  Nurses  and  nursing;  Occu- 
pations—  Diseases  and  hygiene;  Open-air 
schools;  Overwork;  Pathology;  Physical 
education;  Physiology;  Rest;  Sanitation; 
School  hygiene;  Sleep;  Stimulants;  Tem- 
peranse;  Therapeutics;  Tobacco — Physi- 
ological effects;  Training;  Tropics — ^Dis- 
eases and  hygiene;  Vacations;  Ventilation; 
Voice;  Water  pollution;  Women  —  Hy- 
giene ;  Work 

Domestic,  see  Sanitation,  Household 

Industrial,     see     Occupations  —  Diseases 

and  hygiene 

Mental,  see  Mental  hygiene 

Military,  see  Military  hygiene 

Naval,  see  Naval  hygiene 

Public 

See  also  Adulterations;  Building  laws; 
Burial;  Cemeteries;  Consumers'  leagues; 
Contagion  and  contagious  diseases;  Cre- 
mation; Disinfection  and  disinfectants; 
Epidemics;  Food  adulteration  and  inspec- 
tion; Health  boards;  Hospitals;  Housing 
problem;  Immunity;  Inoculation;  In- 
sects as  carriers  of  contagion;  Malaria; 
Meat  inspection;  Medical  inspection  of 
schools;  Military  hygiene;  Milk  supply; 
Nuisances;  Occupations  —  Diseases  and 
hygiene;  Public  comfort  stations;  Quaran- 
tine; Refuse  and  refuse  disposal;  Sanitary 
engineering;  Sanitation;  School  hygiene; 
Sewage;  Slaughtering  and  slaughter- 
houses ;  Street  cleaning ;  Tenement  houses ; 
Vaccination;  Water  pollution;  Water 
supply ;  also  names  of  countries  and  states, 
subhead   Sanitary   affairs,   and   names   of 


Refer   from     Areometer     (s) ;      Hydraulics; 
Hydrostatics;  Specific  gravity 


Refer  fro?n  Dogs;  Medicine — Practice; 
Rabies  (s) 

Refer  from  Capillarity;  Fluids;  Hydraulics; 
Hydrodynamics;  Liquids;  Mechanics;  Phys- 
ics ;  Statics;  Water 

Refer  from  Baths  and  bathing;  Hydrop- 
athy (s) ;  Kneipp  cure  (s) ;  Therapeutics; 
Water  cure  (s) 

Refer  from  Biology;  Food;  Health  (s) ;  Life; 
Man;  Aledicine ;  Pathology;  Physiology;  Sani- 
tary science  (s) ;  Sanitation;  Women  —  Hy- 
giene 


Refer  from  Health  boards;  Hygiene;  Med- 
icine; Municipal  improvement;  Public 
health  (s) ;  Quarantine;  Sanitary  affairs  (s) ; 
Sanitary  engineering;  Sanitation;  Social  prob- 
lems 


i86 


Hygiene  —  Continued 

cities,     subheads     Sanitary     affairs     and 
Sewerage 

Tropical,     see     Tropics  —  Diseases      and 

hygiene 
Hygiene    of    employment    see    Occupations  — 

Diseases  and  hygiene 
Kygrometry 

Hymenoptera 

See  also  Ants;  Bees;  Insects;  Wasps 
H\mnology  see  Hymns 
Hymns 

SV^  also  Cliurch  music;  Religious  poetry 


Hyperspace  see  Fourth  dimension 
Hypnotism 

i^ce  also  Animal  magnetism;  Mental 
healing;  Mind  and  body;  Psychical  research; 
Somnambulism;  Subconsciousness;  Sug- 
gestion ;  Suggestive  therapeutics 


Hypsomctr}-  see  Altitudes 
Hysteria 

See  also  Mental  diseases;  Nervous  system 
—  Diseases 

Ice 

See  also  Arctic  regions;  Glaciers;  Ice 
boats;  Ice-breaking  vessels;  Icebergs;  Re- 
frigeration and  refrigerating  machinery; 
Skating;  Water 

Manufacture 

See  also  Refrigeration  and  refrigerating 
machinery 

Ice  age  see  Glacial  period 
Ice  boats 

See  also  Winter  sports 

Ice-breaking  vessels 

Ice  cream  see  Ices 
Ice  hockey  see  Hockey 

Ice    machinery    see    Ice  —  Manufacture;    Re- 
frigeration and  refrigerating  machinery 
Ice  making  see  Ice  —  Manufacture 
Ice  sports  see  Winter  sports 
Ice  yachts  see  Ice  boats 
Icebergs 

See  also  Arctic  regions  ;  Ph}-sical  geography 

Icebreaking  vessels  see  Ice-breaking  vessels 
Icelandic  language 

See  also  Scandinavian  languages 

Icelandic  literature 

See     also     Eddas;     Sagas;     Scandinavian 
literature 
Ices 


Refer   from    Air;    Humidity;    Meteorology; 
Psychrometer  (sj 

Refer  from  Ants;  Bees;  Insects;  Wasps 


Refer  from  Anthems  ;  Chants  ;  Church  music; 
Devotional  exercises;  Hymnology  (s) ;  Litera- 
ture; Liturgies;  Lyric  poetry;  Music;  Poetry; 
Psalmody  (s) ;  Religion;  Religious  poetry; 
Rites  and  ceremonies;  Sacred  poetry  (s) ; 
Songs ;  Worship 


Refer  from  Animal  magnetism;  Braidism  (s) ; 
Clairvoyance;  Mental  healing;  Mental  sug- 
gestion (s) ;  Mesmerism  (s) ;  Mind  and  body; 
Mind  reading ;  Psychical  research  ;  Psychology  ; 
Sleep;  Somnambulism;  Subconsciousness;  Sug- 
gestion; Suggestive  therapeutics 


Refer  from  Medicine  —  Practice;  Mental 
diseases;  Nervous  system  —  Diseases;  Psy- 
chical research;  Psychology;  Women  —  Dis- 
eases 

Refer  from  Freezing  (s) ;  Frost;  Glaciers; 
Meteorology  ;  Physical  geography  ;  Refrigera- 
tion and  refrigerating  machinery;  Snow; 
Water 

Refer  from  Artificial  ice  (s) ;  Ice  machin- 
ery (s) ;  Ice  making  (s) ;  Refrigeration  and 
refrigerating  machinery 


Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Ice;  Ice 
yachts  (s) ;  Sports;  Winter  sports 

Refer  from  Ice;  Icebreaking  vessels  (s) ; 
Ships 


Refer  from    Arctic    regions;    Glaciers;    Ice; 
Ocean;  Physical  geography 


Refer  from  Germanic  languages;  Scandi- 
na\ian  languages 

Refer  from  Eddas;  Norse  literature  (s) ; 
Sagas;  Scandinavian  literature 

Refer  from  Confectionery;  Desserts;  Ice 
cream  (s) 


187 


Ichnology  see  Footprints,  Fossil 
Ichthyology  see  Fish 

Iconography  see  Art;  Christian  art  and  sym- 
bolism; Portraits;  Saints  in  art;  Sculpture; 
Statues 
Ideal  states  see  Utopias 
Idealism 

.SVr    also    Ideals;    Realism;    Transcenden- 
talism 
Idealism  in  art 

^ee    also    Naturalism    in    art;    Realism    in 
in  art;  Romanticism 
Idealism  in  literature 

iiee  also  Naturalism  in  literature;  Realism 
in   literature;   Romanticism;    Symbolism   in 
literature 
Ideals 

See  also  Idealism 

Ideas,  Association  of,  see  Association  of  ideas 

Identification 

See  also  Anthropometr}- ;  Bertillon  system  ; 
Crime  and  criminals;  E\idencc;  Finger 
prints 

Identity,  Personal,  sec  Personalil}' 

Idiocy 

See  also  Children,  Abnormal  and  back- 
ward;  Defecti\es ;  Epileps}' ;  Feeble-minded; 
Insanity 

Idioms 

See  also  Idioms,  English;  also  names  of 
languages  other  than  English,  e.g.  German 
language  —  Idioms 

English 

See  also  Americanisms;  Briticisms 


Idiots  see  Idiocy 
Idleness 

Ido 

Idolatry 

See    also     Fetishism;     Paganism;     Super- 
stition ;  Worship 

Igneous  rocks 

See  also  Dikes  (geology);  Granite;  Lava; 
Rocks 

Ignorance  see  Illiteracy 
Illegitimacy 

See  also  Infanticide 

Illiteracy 

.S'(V'  also  Education  and  citizenship;  Edu- 
caticjn  and  crime 


Illuminating  gas  see  Gas 
Illumination  see  Lighting 
Illumination  of  manuscripts  and  books 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts;   Initials;  Letter- 
ing; Missals;  Paleography 


Refer  from    Animism;    Ideals;    Philosophy; 
Realism 

Refer  from    Art;    Esthetics;    Naturalism    in 
art;  Painting;  Realism  in  art 

Refer  from    Esthetics;    Fiction;    Literature; 
Naturalism  in  literature;  Realism  in  literature 


Refer  from  Aspiration  (s) ;  Character;  Ethics; 
Idealism 


Refer  from  Anthropometry;  Bertillon  system  ; 
Crime  and  criminals;  Evidence;  Finger  prints; 
Medical  jurisprudence 


Refer  from  Brain;  Children,  Abnormal  and 
backward;  Consanguinity;  Defectives;  Feeble- 
minded; Fools;  Idiots  (s) ;  Imbecility  (s) ; 
Insanity;  Medicine — Practice;  Mental  dis- 
eases 

Refer  from  Language 


Refer  from  English  idioms  (s)  ;  English 
language;  English  language  —  Idioms  (sj ; 
Idioms 

Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Indolence  (s) ; 
Laziness  (s) ;  Sloth  (s) 

Refer  from  Language,  Artificial 

Refer  from  Fetishism;  God;  Image  wor- 
ship (s) ;  Paganism;  Religion;  Religions; 
Worship 

Refer  from  Dikes  (geology)  ;  Eruptive 
rocks  (s) ;  Geology;  Lava;  Rocks;  \'olcanic 
rocks  (s);   Volcanoes 


Refer  from  Children;  Infanticide;  Marriage; 
Prostitution ;  Sexual  ethics 

Refer  from.  Compulsory  education;  Educa- 
tion; Education  and  citizenship;  Education 
and  crime;  Ignorance  (s) ;  Immigration  and 
emigration 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Books;  Decora- 
tion and  ornament;  Illustration  of  books; 
Initials;  Lettering;  Alanuscripls ;  Ornamental 
alphabets  (s) ;  Painting;  Paleograpln^ 


Illusions  and  hallucinations 

See  also  Apparitions;  Conjuring;  Ghosts; 
Insanity;  Magic;  Mental  diseases;  Optical 
illusions ;  Psychical  research 


Illustration  of  books 

See  also  Caricature  and  cartoons;  Draw- 
ing; Engraving;  Extra  illustration;  Illu- 
mination of  manuscripts  and  books;  Illus- 
trators; Photo-engraving;  Photomechanical 
processes 

Illustrations  (anecdotes)  see  Anecdotes 

Illustrators 

Image  worship  see  Idolatry 

Imaginary  animals  see  Animal  lore;  Animals, 
Mythical 

Imaginary  islands  see  Geographical  mj'ths 

Imaginary  wars  and  battles 

Imagination 

See  also  Psychology 

Imbecility  see  Feeble-minded;  Idiocy 
Imitation 

See  also  Mimicry 

Immaculate  conception 

See  also  Mary,  Virgin 
Immersion,  Baptismal,  see  Baptism 
Immigrants  see  Immigration  and  emigration 
Immigration  and  emigration 

See  also  Aliens;  Anthropogeography ; 
Colonies  and  colonization;  Illiteracy;  Mi- 
gration of  nations;  Naturalization;  also 
names  of  special  nationalities,  e.g.  Italians 
in  the  U.  S.,  Japanese  in  California;  and 
names  of  countries  and  cities,  subhead  For- 
eign population 

U.  S. 

See    also     Indentured     servants;     Race 

problems  —  U.  S.;  Redemptioners  ;  U.  S. 

—  Foreign     population;      also      Japanese 

in  the  U.  S.,  and  similar  headings 

Immoral  literature  see  Literature,  Immoral 

Immorality  see  Crime  and  criminals;   Ethics; 

Vice 
Immortality  see  Future  life 
Immunity 

See  also  Antitoxins;  Contagion  and  con- 
tagious diseases;  Inoculation;  Scrum  thera- 
py; Vaccination 

Impeachment 

See  also  Political  offenses;  Recall 
Imperial  federation 

See  also  I'.ngland  —  Colonies;  Imperialism 

Imperialism 

See  also  Colonies  and  colonization;  Impe- 
rial federation;  U.  S.  —  Insular  possessions 


Impersonation  see  Acting;  Monologues 


Rejer  from  Apparitions;  Delusions  (s) ; 
Ghosts;  Hallucinations  (s) ;  Insanity;  Mental 
diseases;  Psychical  research;  Psychology; 
Visions  (s) 


Refer  from  Art;  Book  illustration  (s) ;  Books; 
Decoration  and  ornament;  Drawing;  Engrav- 
ing 


Refer  from  Artists;  Illustration  of  books 


Refer  from  Battles;  Military  art  and  science; 
War;  Wars,  Imaginary  (s) 

Refer  from  Fancy  (s) ;  Intellect;  Psychology; 
Psychology,  Educational 


Refer  from  Mimicry;   Psychology;  Psychol- 
ogy, Educational 

Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Mary,  Virgin 


Refer  from  Colonies  and  colonization; 
Emigration  (s) ;  Government;  Immigrants  (s) ; 
Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Migration  of 
nations;  Race  problems;  Social  problems; 
Sociology 


Refer  from  Race  problems  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S.  — 
Economic  conditions  ;  U.  S.  —  Emigration  and 
immigration  (s) ;  U.  S.  —  Immigration  (s) ; 
U.  S.  —  Social  conditions 


Refer  from  Antitoxins;  Bacteriology;  Con- 
tagion and  contagious  diseases;  lij-giene. 
Public;  Inoculation;  Pathology;  Serum  thera- 
py ;  Vaccination 

Refer  from  Government;  Law;  Trials 

Refer  from  England  —  Colonics;  I'"edera- 
tion.  Imperial  (s)  ;  Go\ernmcnt;  Imperialism 

Refer  from  Anti-imperialism  (s)  ;  Cacsar- 
ism  (s) ;  Colonies  and  colonization;  Govern- 
ment; Imperial  federation;  \J.  S.  —  Expan- 
sion (s) ;  U.  S.  —  History  —  War  with  Spain; 
U.  S.  —  Insular  possessions;  U.  S.  —  Terri- 
torial expansion  (s) 


Implements,  utensils,  etc. 

See  also  Bone  implements;  Farm  imple- 
ments and  machinery;  Indians  —  Imple- 
ments and  weapons;  Stone  implements; 
Tools 

Imports  see  Commerce;  TaritT 

Imposture 

See  also  Aniitiues,  Forged;  Art  forgeries; 
Counterfeits;  Forgery;  Fraud;  Literary 
forgeries  and  mystifications;  Quacks  and 
quackery;  Swindlers  and  swindling 

Impressionism  (art) 

Impressment 

Imprisonment  see  Arrest;  Prisons 
Inaugurations 

Incandescent  gas-lighting 

See  also  Gas  lighting 


Incandescent  lamps  see  Electric  lainps 

Incandescent    lighting    see    Electric    lighting; 
Incandescent  gas-lighting 

Incandescent    mantles    see    Incandescent    gas- 
lighting 

Incarnation 

See  also  Jesus  Christ 


Incas 

See    also    Indians    of    South    America  — 
Peru  ;  Peru  —  Antiquities  ;  Peru  —  History 


Refer   from    Industrial    arts;    Tools;    Uten- 
sils (s) 


Refer  from  Adventurers  (s) ;  Counterfeits; 
Delusions  (s) ;  Fraud  ;  Hoaxes  (s) ;  Humbug  (s) ; 
Quacks  and  quackery 

Refer  from  Art;  Esthetics;  Painting 
Refer  from   International  law;   Kidnapping; 
Maritime  law;  Naval  history;  Sailors 


Refer  from    Presidents 
ceremonies 


U.    S. ;    Rites    and 


Refer  from  Gas;  Gas  lighting;  Gas  man- 
tles (s) ;  Incandescent  lighting  (s) ;  Incandes- 
cent mantles  (s) ;  Lighting 


Refer  from  Jesus  Christ;  Jesus  Christ  — 
Birth;  Jesus  Christ — Incarnation  (s) ;  The- 
ology 

Refer  from  Ethnology — Peru;  Indians  of 
South  America  —  Peru;  Peru — -Antiquities; 
Peru  —  History 


Incens« 
Income 

See      also      Capital;      Finance;      Salaries; 
W'ages ;  Wealth 
Income  tax 

See  also  Taxation;  Taxation,  Progressive 

Increment,  Unearned,  see  Unearned  increment 

Incrustation  see  Inlay 

Incubators 

See  also  Poultry 
Incubus  see  Nightmare 
Incumbrances  see  Liens;  Mortgages 
Incunabula 

See  also  Block  books;  Book  rarities;  Colo- 
phons; Printers'  marks;  Printing  —  History 
Indemnity 

See  also  Damages 

Indentured  servants 

.SV^    also    Apprentices;     Contract     labor; 
Rcdemptioners 


Independence  day  see  Fourth  of  July 
Independent   order   of   Odd    Fellows    see    Odd 

Fellows 
Independents    (church    polit\-)    see    Congrega- 
tionalism 

Independents  (in  politics) 


Refer  from  Odors;  Perfumery;  Worship 

Refer     from      Economics;      Finance;      For- 
tunes (s) ;  Property;  Salaries;  Wages;  Wealth 

Refer  from    Direct    taxation    (s) ;   Taxation; 
Taxation,  Progressive 


Refer  from  Poultry 


Refer    from     Bibliograplu' ; 
Printing 


Book     rarities: 


Refer  from  Compensation  (s) ;  Damages; 
International  law 

Refer  from  Bond  servants  (s) ;  Contract 
labor;  Immigration  and  emigration — U.S.; 
Rcdemptioners;  Servants;  Slavery;  U.  S. — 
History  —  Colonial  period 


Refer  from  Political  parties;  Politics 


I  go 


Indeterminate  sentence 

Sfc     also      Parole;      Prisons;      Probation 
system 

Indcterminism  sre  Freedom  of  the  will 
Indexes 

See  also   Card  system   in  business;   Cata- 
logs; Indexing;  Periodicals  —  Indexes;  also 
subjects  indexed 
Indexing 

See  also  Cataloging 
India-rubber  see  Rubber 
Indian  clubs 

See  also  Gymnastics 
Indian  corn  see  Corn 

Indian    legends    see    Indians — Folklore;     In- 
dians — •  Legends 
Indian  mutiny,  1857 -1858 

Indian     reservations     see     Indians  —  Reserva- 
tions 
Indian  trails 

See  also  Oregon  trail;  Portages;  Salt  Lake 
trail ;  Santa  Fe  trail 
Indian  tribes  see  names  of  separate  tribes 
Indian  wars  see  Indians  —  Wars 
Indians   [Indians  of  America,    North   America 
and  the  U.  S.  in  general] 
See  also  Cliff  dwellers  and  cliff  dwellings ; 
Eskimos;     Mounds     and     mound     builders; 
Pueblos;  Scalping;  Shell  money;  Wampum; 
Western  states;  also  names  of  families  and 
tribes  of  Indians,  e.g.    Algonquian    Indians, 
Apache    Indians,    Iroquois    Indians,    Pueblo 
Indians 

Amusements,  see  Indians  —  Games 

Anecdotes 

Antiquities 

See  also  Arrowheads;  Indians  —  Im- 
plements and  weapons;  Indians  —  Pot- 
tery; Kitchen  middens;  Mounds  and 
mound  builders;  Pueblos;  U.  S.  —  An- 
tiquities 

Art 

Biography 

Burial,  see  Indians  —  Mortuary  customs 

Captivities 

Civilization 

Customs,    see    Indians  —  Social    life    and 

customs 
Dances 

See  also  Ghost  dance;  Snake  dance;  Sun 
dance 

Education 

.S'(-('  also  Indians  —  Government  rela- 
tions; also  names  of  schools  for  the  Indians 

Ethnology 

See  also  Indians  —  Origin 

Fiction 

Folklore 

See  also  Indians  —  Legends 


Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Criminal 
law;  Prisons;  Punishment;  Sentence,  Inde- 
terminate (s) 


Refer    from     Bibliography;     Catalogs;     In- 
dices (s) ;  Literature 


Refer  from    Bibliography;    Cataloging;    In- 
dexes 

Refer  from  Gymnastics;  Physical  education 


Refer  from    India  —  History;    Sepoy    rebel- 
lion (s) 


Refer  from   Indians  —  Trails   (s) ;   Portages; 
Roads  ;  Roads  —  U.  S. ;  Trails  (s) 


Refer  from  American  aborigines  (s) ;  Ameri- 
can Indians  (s) ;  Amerinds  (s) ;  Ethnology; 
Ethnology  —  U.  S. ;  North  American  In- 
dians (s) ;  Race  problems  —  U.  S. ;  Savages; 
U.  S.  —  Indians  (s) ;  Western  states 


Refer  from  Anecdotes 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Arrowheads;  In- 
dians—  Industries;  Mounds  and  mound 
builders;  U.  S.  —  Antiquities 


Refer  from  Art;  Art,  Primitive 
Refer  from  Biography 

Refer  from  Captivity  among  the  Indians  (s) ; 
Frontier  and  pioneer  life 


Refer  from  Dancing;  Ghost  dance;  Indians 
—  Religion;  Indians — ^  Social  life  and  cus- 
toms; Snake  dance;  Sun  dance 


Refer  from  Education;  Indians 
Indians  —  Schools  (s) 


Mi 


Refer  from    Ethnology  —  U.    S. ;    Indians 
Origin 


Refer  from  Folklore — Indians  (s) ;  Indian 
legends  (s) ;  Indians — Legends;  Indians  — 
Mythology  (s) 


ic;i 


Indians  —  Continued 
Games 


-Government  relations 

S{-f      also      Indians  —  Land      transfers; 
Indians  —  Reservations  ;  Indians  — ■  Trea- 
ties ;  Indians — -Treatment 
-History 

St-f  also  Indians  —  Wars 
-Implements  and  weapons 

Sfe   also    Bone    implements;    Stone    im- 
plements 


-Industries 

See  also  Basketwork;  Beadwork ;  Blan- 
kets;    Indians  —  Antiquities;    Indians  — 
Implements      and      weapons;      Indians  — 
Pottery 
-Land  transfers 

See    also    Indians  ■ —  Go\ernment    rela- 
tions; Indians  —  Treaties 
-Languages 

Sre   also     Algonquian    languages;     Chi- 
nook jargon  ;  Eskimo  language  ;  Indians  — - 
Names 
-Legends 

See  also  Indians  —  Folklore 

-Manners     and     customs,     see     Indians  — 

Social  life  and  customs 
-Medicine 

See  also  Medicine  men 
-Missions 

See    also    Indians — Education;  Jesuits 
—  Missions 

-Mortuary  customs 
-Music 


-Mythology,     see    Indians  —  Folklore; 
Indians — Legends;      Indians — Re- 
ligion 

-Names 

-Origin 

See  also  Indians  —  Ethnology 
-Pottery 

-Religion 

See   also    Fetishism;    Flute   ceremonies; 
Indians  —  Dances;      Indians  —  Missions; 
Serpent  worship;  Totems  and  totemism 
-Reservations 


-Schools,     see     Indians — I'.ducation ;     also 

names  of  schools 
-Social  life  and  customs 

See   also    Indians —  Dances;    Indians — 
Games;  Indians —  Mortuary  customs 


Refer  from  Games;  Indians  —  Amuse- 
ments (s) ;  Indians  —  Social  life  and  customs; 
Indians  —  Sports  (s) 

Refer  from  Indians  —  Education  ;  Indians  — 
Land  transfers;  Indians  —  Treaties;  Indians 
—  Treatment 


Refer  from  Arms  and  armor;  Bone  imple- 
ments; Implements,  utensils,  etc.;  Indians — 
Antiquities;  Indians  —  Industries;  Indians  — 
Weapons  (s) ;  Stone  implements;  Tools; 
Weapons  (s) 

Refer  from  Basketwork;  Beadwork;  Blan- 
kets; Industrial  arts;  Industries,  Primitive 


Refer  from  Indians  —  Government"  rela- 
tions;  Indians  —  Treaties;  U.  S.  —  Public 
lands 

Refer  from  Algonquian  languages;  Language 


Refer  from    Indian    legends    (s) ;    Indians  — 
Folklore;  Indians —  Mythology  (s) ;  Legends 


Refer  from  Medicine;  Medicine  men 

Refer  from  Catholic  church — -Missions; 
Indians  —  Religion  ;  Jesuits  —  Missions  ;  Mis- 
sions ;  Missions,  Home 

Refer  from  Funeral  rites  and  ceremonies; 
Indians — Burial  (s) ;  Indians  —  Social  life 
and  customs;  Mortuary  customs  (s) 

Refer  from  Indians  —  Songs  (s) ;  Music; 
Music — Indians  (s) ;  Music  —  U.  S. ;  Songs, 
American 


Refer  from  Indians — -Languages;  Names; 
Names,  Geographical;  Names,  Personal 

Refer  from  Indians  —  Ethnology 

Refer  from    Indians  —  Antiquities;    Indians 

—  Industries;  Pottery 

Refer  from  Indians — Mythology  (s) ;  My- 
thology—  Indians  (s) ;  Religions;  Riles  and 
ceremonies 

Refer  from  Indian  reservations  (s) ;  Indians 

—  Government  relations;  Reservations  for  the 
Indians  (s) ;  U.  S.  —  Public  lands 


Refer  from   Indians  —  Customs  (s);  Indians 
-  Manners  and  customs  (s) 


192 


Indians  —  Continued 

Songs,  see  Indians  —  Music 

Sports,  see  Indians  —  Games 

Statistics 

Trails,  see  Indian  trails 

Treaties 

See  also  Indians  —  Government  rela- 
tions; Indians — Land  transfers 

Treatment 

See  also  Indians  —  Government  rela- 
tions 

Wars 

See  also  Black  Hawk  war;  French  and 
Indian  war;  King  Philip's  war;  King 
William's  war;  Pequot  war;  Pontiac's 
conspiracy;  Queen  Anne's  war;  U.  S. — 
History  —  Revolution  —  Indian  partic- 
ipation 

Weapons,  see  Indians — Implements  and 

weapons 
Indians  of  Mexico 

See  also  Aztecs;  Ethnology — Mexico; 
Mayas;  Nagualism;  Toltecs 

Indians  of  New  York 

See  also   Iroquois  Indians 
Indians  of  South  America 
Indiarubber  see  Rubber 
Indie  languages  see  Indo-Aryan  languages 
Indicators  for  steam  engines 

See  also  Steam  engines 
Indices  see  Indexes 
Indigestion  see  Digestion;  Dyspepsia 
Indigo 

Individualism 

See    also    Communism;    Economics;    So- 
cialism 
Individuality 

See  also  Personality 

Indo-Aryan  languages 

See  also  Aryan  languages;  Bengali  lan- 
guage; Hindustani  language;  Oriental 
languages;  Romany  language;  Sanskrit  lan- 
guage 

Indo-European  languages  see  Aryan  languages 

Indo-Europeans  see  Aryans 

Indo-Germanic  languages  see  Aryan  languages 

Indo-Germanic  peoples  see  Aryans 

Indolence  see  Idleness 

Inductance 


Induction  (logic)  see  Logic 
Induction  coils 

See  also  Condensers  (electricity) ;  Electric 
currents,    Alternating;    Electric    transform- 
ers; Electromagnets;  Inductance;  X  rays 
Induction  motors  see  Electric  motors 
Indulgences 

See  also  Absolution;  Purgatory 

Industrial  alcohol  see  .Alcohol,  Denatured 
Industrial  arbitration  see  Arbitration  and  con- 
ciliation, Industrial 


Refer  from  Indians  —  Government  relations; 
Indians  —  Land  transfers 

Refer  from  Indians  —  Government  relations 

Refer  from  Black  Hawk  war;  French  and 
Indian  war;  Indian  wars  (s) ;  King  Philip's 
war;  King  William's  war;  New  England  — 
History;  Pequot  war;  Pontiac's  conspiracy; 
Queen  Anne's  war;  U.  S.  —  History;  U.  S. — 
History,  Military 


Refer   from    Aztecs;    Ethnology — Mexico; 
Mayas;  Toltecs 


Refer  from  Iroquois  Indians 


Refer  from  Steam  engines 


Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Color; 
Dyes  and  dyeing 

Refer  from  Communism;  Economics;  Equal- 
ity; Government;  Socialism;  Sociology 

Refer  from  Character;  Personality;  Phi- 
losophy; Psychology 

Refer  from  Aryan  languages;  Bengali  lan- 
guage; Hindustani  language;  Indie  lan- 
guages (s) ;  Oriental  languages;  Sanskrit 
language 


Refer  from  Electric  measurement;  Electric- 
ity; Electrodynamics;  Induction  coils;  Self- 
induction  (s) 


Refer  from  Electric  apparatus  and  appliances  ; 
Electric  transformers;  Electricity;  Electro- 
magnets 


Refer   from    Absolution;    Catholic    church; 
Church  polity;  Purgatory 


193 


Industrial  arts 

See  also  Agriculture;  Architecture;  Arts 
and  crafts;  Blacksmithing ;  Bookbinding; 
Brewing;  Building;  Business;  Cabinetwork; 
Canning  and  preserving;  Carpentry;  Chair 
caning;  Chemical  engineering;  Chemistry, 
Technical;  Clay  industries;  Commerce; 
Cookery;  Domestic  arts;  Dyes  and  dyeing; 
Electric  engineering;  Engineering;  Engrav- 
ing; Exhibitions;  Factories;  Fisheries; 
Floriculture;  Foundry  work;  Furniture; 
Gardening;  Glass  manufacture;  Handicraft; 
Home  economics;  Implements,  utensils, 
etc.;  Indians — Industries;  Industrial  edu- 
cation; Industries,  Primitive;  Industry; 
Inventions;  Machine  shop  practice;  Ma- 
chinery; Manual  training;  Manufactures; 
Masonry;  Mechanical  engineering;  Me- 
.chanics,  Applied;  Metal  work;  Metallurgy; 
Mills  and  millwork;  Occupations,  Dan- 
gerous; Painting,  Mechanical;  Patents; 
Photography;  Plumbing;  Pottery;  Printing; 
Receipts;  Shipbuilding;  Tanning;  Techni- 
cal dictionaries;  Technical  education;  Tech- 
nology; Textile  industry  and  fabrics;  Tin- 
smithing;  Tools;  Turning;  Waste  products; 
Weaving;  Woodwork;  also  names  of  coun- 
tries, subhead  Industries  and  resources,  and 
names  of  cities,  subhead  Industries 
Industrial  betterment 

See  also  Garden  cities;  Hours  of  labor; 
Housing  problem;  Industrial  education; 
Insurance,  Industrial;  Labor  laws;  Profit 
sharing;  Scientific  management 


Industrial  chemistry  jf<' Chemical  engineering  ; 
Chemistry,  Technical 

Industrial  combination  see  Combination,  In- 
dustrial 

Industrial  conciliation  see  Arbitration  and 
conciliation.  Industrial 

Industrial  depression  see  Business  depression 

Industrial  diseases  see  Occupations  —  Dis- 
eases and  hygiene 

Industrial  drawing  see  Mechanical  drawing 

Industrial  education 

See  also  Apprentices;  P'oremen's  schools; 
Manual  training;  Mechanics'  institutes; 
Technical  education;  Trade  schools;  Vo- 
cational education 


Industrial  efficiency  see  Efficiency,  Industrial 
Industrial  exhibitions  see  Exhibitions 
Industrial     hygiene     see     Occupations  —  Dis- 
eases and  hygiene 
Industrial  insurance  see  Insurance,  Industrial 
Industrial    schools    see    Industrial    education; 

Reformatories  <- 

Industries  see  Industrial  arts;  Industries, 
Primitive;  Industry;  also  names  of  coun- 
tries and  states,  subhead  Industries  and  re- 
sources, and  names  of  cities,  subhead  In- 
dustries 


Refer  from  Art;  Art  industries  (s) ;  Arts, 
Useful  (s) ;  Arts  and  crafts;  Chemistry,  Tech- 
nical ;  Crafts  (s) ;  Discoveries  (in  science)  (s)  ; 
Engineering;  Handicraft;  Industries  (s) ;  In- 
dustry; Inventions;  Manufactures;  Mechanic 
arts  (s) ;  Science;  Technology;  Trades  (s) ; 
Useful  arts  (s) 


Refer  from  Betterment,  Industrial  (s) ; 
Employees'  welfare  (s)  ;  Employers'  welfare 
institutions  (s) ;  Housing  problem ;  Labor  and 
capital;  Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Profit 
sharing;  Social  work;  Welfare  institutions  for 
laborers  (s) 


Refer  from  EducaticMi;  Education,  Ele- 
mentary; Education,  Industrial  (s) ;  Indus- 
trial arts;  Industrial  betterment;  Industrial 
schools  (s) ;  Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Alan- 
ual  training;  Technical  education;  Trade 
schools;  Vocational  education 


194 


Industries,  Primitive 

See  also  Archaeology;  Civilization,  An- 
cient; Indians — Industries;  Pottery;  So- 
ciety, Primitive;  Stone  implements 


Industry 

See  also  Economics  ;  Efficiency,  Industrial ; 
Factory  system;  Government  regulation  of 
industry;  Home  labor;  Industrial  arts; 
Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Alachinery  in 
industry 
Inebriate  asylums 

See  also  Gold  cure 


Inebriates  see  Alcoholism;  Inebriate  asylums; 

Liquor  problem;  Temperance 
Infallibility 

See    also     Catholic     church  —  Authority; 
Popes  —  Infallibility;  Vatican  council 
Infancy  see  Infants 

Infant  baptism  see  Baptism  —  Infants 
Infant  feeding  see  Infants  —  Care  and  hygiene 
Infant  salvation 

See   also    Baptism  —  Infants;   Predestina- 
tion 
Infanticide 

See  also  Illegitimacy 


Infantry 

See  also  Infantry  drill  and  tactics;  Mili- 
tary art  and  science;  also  under  country, 
e.g.  U.  S. —  Army  —  Infantry.  For  volun- 
teer'regiments  in  the  U.  S.  see  under  name 
of  state,  e.g.  New  York  infantry;  also 
United  States  volunteer  infantry,  for  volun- 
teer regiments  recruited  at  large 
Infantry  drill  and  tactics 

See   also    Rifle    practice;   Tactics;    Target 
practice 
Infants 

See  also  Children 

Care  and  hygiene 

See  also  Children  —  Care  and  hygiene 

Diseases,  see  Children  —  Diseases 

Infection  and  infectious  diseases  see  Contagion 

and  contagious  diseases 
Infidelity  see  Skepticism 
Infinite 

See  also  Being;  Metaphysics 

Infinitesimal  calculus  see  Calculus 
Infirmaries  see  Hospitals 
Inflammation 

See  also  I'"cvcr;  Suppuration 

Influenza 

See     also     Cold      (disease) ;     Respiratory 
organs  —  Diseases 

Infusoria 

See  also  Protozoa 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Civilization,  An- 
cient; Ethnology;  Industrial  arts;  Indus- 
tries (s) ;  Man  —  Origin  and  antiquity;  Primi- 
tive industries  (s) ;  Society,  Primitive;  Stone 
implements 

Refer  from  Civilization;  Consumption  (eco- 
nomics); Economics;  Industrial  arts;  Indus- 
tries (s) ;  Labor  and  capital ;  Labor  and  labor- 
ing classes;  Production  (sj ;  Sociology 


Refer  from  Alcoholism;  Asylums;  Charities, 
Medical;  Drunkenness  (s) ;  Hospitals;  In- 
ebriates (s) 


Refer    from     Catholic     church;     Theology; 
Vatican  council 


Refer  from  Baptism  —  Infants;  Salvation 


Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Illegiti- 
macy; Medical  jurisprudence;  Murder;  Wo- 
men —  Crime 

Refer  from  Foot-soldiers  (s) ;  Military  art 
and  science 


Refer     from      Drill      (military);      Infantry; 
Military  art  and  science;  Tactics 

Refer  from  Babies  (s) ;  Baby  (s) ;  Children; 
Infancy  (s) 

Refer  from    Children  —  Care    and    hygiene; 
Infant  feeding  (s) 


Refer  from  Finite  (s) ;  Metaphysics;  Philoso- 
phy 


Refer  from  Pathology;  Suppuration 


Refer  from  Cold  (disease);  Grippe  (s) ;  La 
grippe  (s);  Medicine — Practice;  Respiratory 
organs  —  Diseases 

Refer  from  Animalcules;  Protozoa 


195 


Inheritance 

See  also  Administrators  and  executors; 
Entail;  Estates,  Unclaimed;  Guardians; 
Inheritance  and  transfer  tax;  Land  tenure; 
Legacies;  Primogeniture;  Probate  law  and 
practice;  Salic  law;  Survivorship;  Trustees; 
Wills 
Inheritance  (biology)  see  Heredity 
Inheritance  and  transfer  tax 

See  also  Taxation;  Taxation,  Progressive 


Inhibition 

See  also  Habit 
Initials 

See  also  Artists'   marks;   Illumination   of 
manuscripts   and   books;    Lettering;    Mono- 
grams 
Initiative  see  Referendum 
Injectors 

See  also  Boilers 

Injunctions 

Injuries  see  Accidents;  Damages;  First  aid  in 
illness  and  injury;  Torts;  Wounds 

Injurious  insects  see  Insects,  Injurious  and 
beneficial 

Injurious  occupations  see  Occupations,  Dan- 
gerous 

Ink 

Inland  navigation 

See   also    Canals;    Ferries;    Lakes;    Pilots 
and    pilotage;    Rivers;    Steam    navigation; 
\\  aterways 
Inlay 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts;  Damaskeening; 
Mosaics 


Inlaying  see  Inlay 
Inns 

See  also  Coffeehouses ;  Hotels 
Innuit  see  Eskimos 
Inoculation 

See   also    Immunity;    Pasteurism ;    Serum 
therapy;  Smallpox;  Vaccination 


Inoculation  of  soils  see  Soil  inoculation 

Inorganic  chemistry  see  Chemistry,  Inorganic 

Inquests,  Coroners',  see  Coroners 

Inquisition 

See  also  Martyrs;  Persecution;  Reforma- 
tion—  Spain;  Spain  —  Religious  history; 
Torture 


Insane  hospitals 

.S'(V  also  names  of  cities,  subhead  Hospitals 
and  asylums 

Insanity 

See  also  Brain  ;  Defectives  ;  Degeneration  ; 
Eccentricity;    Feeble-minded;    Genius;    Id- 


Refer  from  Bequests  (s) ;  Heirs  (s) ;  Intestate 
succession  (s) ;  Law;  Legacies;  Primogeniture; 
Probate  law  and  practice;  Property;  Suc- 
cession (s) ;  Wills 


Refer  from  Death  duties  (s) ;  Inheritance; 
Legacies;  Taxation;  Taxation,  Progressive; 
Transfer  tax  (s) 

Refer  from  Habit;  Mind  and  body;  Nervous 
system;  Psychology,  Physiological 

Refer  from  Illumination  of  manuscripts  and 
books;  Monograms 


Refer  from  Boilers;  Feed  water;  Steam  en- 
gines; Steam  injectors  (s) 

Refer  from  Actions  at  law;  Constitutional 
law;  Labor  laws;  Law 


Refer  from  Chemistry,  Technical;  Printing; 
Stationery;  Writing 

Refer  from  Canals;  Commerce;  Hydrog- 
raphy; Lakes;  Navigation;  Navigation,  In- 
land (s) ;  Rivers;  Transportation;  Waterways 

Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Buhlwork  (s) ; 
Decoration  and  ornament;  Incrustation  (s) ; 
Inlaying  (s) ;  Intarsia  (s) ;  Marquetry  (s) ; 
Mosaics 


Refer  from  Hotels;  Taverns  (s) 


Refer  from  Contagion  and  contagious  dis- 
eases; Hygiene,  Public;  Immunity;  Medicine; 
Serum  therapy;  Smallpox;  Therapeutics; 
Vaccination 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Church  dis- 
cipline; Church  history;  Fanaticism;  Heresy; 
Holy  office  (s) ;  Martyrs;  Middle  ages;  Perse- 
cution; Reforination  —  Spain;  Spain — Reli- 
gious history;  Spanish  inquisition  (s) ;  Torture 

Refer  from  Asylums;  Charities;  Charities, 
Medical;  Hospitals;  Insanity;  Lunatic  asy- 
lums (s) ;    Psychopathic  hospitals  (s) 


Refer  from   Aberration,   Mental   (s) ;    Brain; 
Consanguinity;      Defectives;      Degeneration; 


196 


iocy;  Illusions  and  hallucinations;  Insane 
hospitals;  Medical  jurisprudence;  Mental 
diseases;  Mind  and  body;  Suicide 


Inscriptions 

See  also  Alphabet;  Brasses;  Cuneiform 
writing;  Epitaphs;  Hieroglyphics;  Manu- 
scripts; Obituaries;  Paleography;  Picture 
writing;  Runes;  Seals  (numismatics);  Writ- 
ing 
Insecticides 

Si'e  also  Insects,  Injurious  and  beneficial; 
Spraj-ing 
Insectivora 

See  also  Mammals 
Insectivorous  plants 

See  also  Botany;  Botany  —  Physiology 


Insects 

See  also  Arthropoda ;  Beetles ;  Caterpil- 
lars; Cocoons;  Color  of  insects;  Diptera ; 
Entomologists;  Fertilization  of  plants; 
Hemiptera;  Hymenoptera ;  Insecticides; 
Lepidoptera;  Neuroptera;  Orthoptera; 
Wings;  also  names  of  insects 
Aquatic 

Fossil 

Injurious  and  beneficial 

See  also  Agricultural  pests;  Cotton  — 
Diseases  and  pests;  Fruit  —  Diseases  and 
pests';  Household  pests ;  Insecticides ; 
Insects  as  carriers  of  contagion  ;  Parasites  ; 
Spraying;  Trees  —  Diseases  and  pests; 
also  names  of  insects,  e.g.  Beetles,  Book- 
worms, Chinch  bugs.  Cicadas,  Cutworms, 
Hessian  flies.  Locusts,  Mosquitoes,  Moths, 
Plant  lice,  San  Jose  scale,  Scale  insects. 
Weevils 
U.S. 

Insects  as  carriers  of  contagion 

See     also     Flies ;     Mosquitoes ;     Sleeping 
sickness;  Tsetse  flies;  Yellow  fever 

Insignia 

See   also   Decorations   of   honor;    Devices; 
Regalia 

Insolvency  see  Bankruptcy 
Insomnia 

See  also  Narcotics;  Sleep 

Inspection  of  factories  see  Factory  inspection 
Inspection  of  food  see  Food  adulteration  and 

inspection 
Inspection  of  meat  see  Meat  inspection 
Inspection    of   steamboats    see    Steamboat    in- 

sj-icction 
Inspiration 

See  also  Bible  ^  Inspiration  ;  Revelation 


Dementia  (s) ;  Idiocy;  Illusions  and  halluci- 
nations; Intellect;  Lunacy  (s) ;  Madness  (s) ; 
Mania  (s) ;  Medical  jurisprudence;  Medicine 
—  Practice;  Mental  aberration  (s) ;  Mental 
derangements  (s) ;  Mental  diseases;  Mind 
and  body;  Psychology 

Refer  from  Alphabet;  Archaeology;  Epig- 
raphy (s) ;  lipitaphs;  Hieroglyphics;  History, 
Ancient ;  Literature;  Manuscripts  ;Monuments  ; 
Obituaries;  Paleography;  Writing 


Refer  from  Insects;  Insects,  Injurious  and 
beneficial;  Spraying 

Refer  from  Mammals 

Refer  fro 7n  Botany;  Botany  —  Physiology; 
Carnivorous  plants  (s) ;  Plants;  Plants,  In- 
sectivorous (s) 

Refer  from  Animals;  Arthropoda;  Beetles; 
Bugs  (s) ;  Diptera;  Entomology  (s) ;  Hemip- 
tera; Hymenoptera;  Invertebrates;  Lepidop- 
tera ;  Neuroptera  ;  Orthoptera  ;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Aquatic  insects  (s) ;  Fresh-water 
fauna  ;  Water  insects  (s) 

Refer  from  Fossil  insects  (s) ;  Invertebrates, 
Fossil ;  Paleontology 

Refer  from  Agricultural  pests;  Agriculture; 
Economic  entomology  (s) ;  Entomology,  Eco- 
nomic (s) ;  Fruit  —  Diseases  and  pests;  Gar- 
dening ;  Household  pests ;  Injurious  insects  (s) ; 
Insecticides;  Parasites;  Pests  (s) ;  Trees  — 
Diseases  and  pests ;  Zoology,  Economic 


Refer  from  U.  S. —  Entomology  (s) 
Insects  (s) ;  Zoology  —  U.  S. 


u.  s.— 


Refer  from  Contagion  and  contagious  dis- 
eases; Flies;  Hygiene,  Public;  Insects,  In- 
jurious and  beneficial;  Mosquitoes;  Tsetse 
flics 

Refer  from  Badges  of  honor  (s) ;  Decorations 
of  honor;  Devices;  Emblems;  Heraldry; 
Regalia ;  Societies 


Refer     from     Medicine 
Sleeplessness  (s) 


Practice;      Sleep: 


Refer  from  Revelation;    Supernatural;    The- 
ology 


197 


Instalment  plan 
Instinct 

Sri'  also  Animal  intelligence;  Animals  — 
Habits  and  beha\ior;  Habit;  Orientation: 
Psychology,  Comparati\e 


Institutes,  Farmers',  see  Farmers'  institutes 
Institutes,  Teachers',  see  Teachers'  institutes 
Institutional  churches 

See  also  Church  work 

Institutions,  Charitable  and  philanthropic, 
see  Almshouses;  Asylums;  Charities;  Hos- 
pitals; also  names  of  cities,  subheads  Chari- 
ties and  Hospitals  and  asylums;  and  special 
classes  of  people,  e.g.  Deaf  and  dumb  — 
Asylums  and  education 

Instruction  see  Education;  Teaching 

Instrumental  music 

See  also  Bands  (music);  Chamber  music; 
Dance  music;  Duets,  Instrumental;  March- 
es (music);  Alilitary  music;  Music;  Musical 
instruments;  Orchestral  music;  Orchestras; 
Organ  music;  Overtures;  Piano  music; 
Program  music;  Sonatas;  Symphonies; 
Violin  music 

Instrumentation  and  orchestration 
See  also  Musical  instruments 


Instruments 

See  also  Astronomical  instruments;  Draw- 
ing instruments;  Electric  apparatus  and 
appliances;  Machinery;  Mathematical  in- 
struments; Meteorological  instruments; 
Musical  instruments;  Optical  instruments; 
Scientific  apparatus  and  instruments;  Sur- 
gical instruments;  Sur\'eying  instruments; 
Tools 
Insulation 

See  also  Electric  cables  ;  Electric  resistance  ; 
Electric  wire  and  wiring 

Insurance 

See  also  Benefit  societies 


-Accident 

See  also  Employers'  liability;  Insurance, 
Casualty;  Insurance,  Industrial 


-Casualty 


-Compulsory,     see     Insurance,     State     and 

compulsory 
-Fire 

See  also  Fire[)roofing 
-Fraternal,  sec  Benefit  societies 
-Health 

See  also  Insurance,  State  and  compulsory 


Refer  j  rum  Business;  Credit 

Refer  from  Animal  instinct  (s)  ;  Animal  in- 
telligence; Animals;  Animals  —  Habits  and 
behavior;  Habit;  Intelligence  of  animals  (s)  ; 
Psychology;  Psychology,  Comparative;  Rea- 
son ;  Zoology 


Refer    from     Christian     sociology;     Church; 
Church,  Institutional  (s) ;  Church  work 


Refer    from     Music;     Musical     instruments; 
Orchestral  music;  Piano  music 


Refer  from  Bands  (music) ;  Composition 
(music);  Military  music;  Music;  Music  — 
Instruction  and  study;  Musical  instruments; 
Orchestral  music;  Orchestration  (sj 

^('/^/■//■om  Apparatus  (s)  ;  Scientific  appara- 
tus and  instruments 


Refer  from  Electric  cables;  Electric  insu- 
lation (s) ;  Electric  resistance;  Electric  wire 
and  wiring;  Electricity 

Refer  from  Appraising;  Assurance  (s) ; 
Comnierce;  Commercial  law;  Contracts;  Fi- 
nance; Investments;  Law;  Probabilities  ;  Prop- 
erty ;  Sociology;  Thrift 

Refer  from  Accident  insurance  (s) ;  Acci- 
dents; Employers'  liability;  Insurance,  In- 
dustrial; Workingmen's  insurance  (s) 

Refer  from  Casualty  insurance  (s) ;  Explo- 
sions ;  Floods  ;  Insurance,  Accident ;  Live  stock ; 

Storms 


Refer  from  Fire  insurance  (s) ;  Fires 


Refer  from  Health  insurance  (s) ;   Insurance. 
Sickness  (s) 


iq8 


Insurance  —  Continued 
Industrial 

Si-f  also  Benefit  societies ;  Employers' 
liabilit}';  Insurance,  Accident;  Insurance, 
State  and  compulsory 


-Life 

See    also    Annuities; 
Insurance,    Industrial; 
and   compulsory 
-Marine 

See  also  Salvage 


Benefit    societies ; 
Insurance,    State 


-Sickness,  see  Insurance,  Health 
-State  and  compulsory 

See  also  Insurance,  Industrial 
pensions 


Old  age 


— — Workingmen's,  J^^   Insurance,    Industrial; 
Insurance,  State  and  compulsory 

Intaglios 

See     also     Gems;      Seals      (numismatics) 

Intarsia  see  Inlay 

Integral  calculus  see  Calculus 

Intellect 

See  also  Animal  intelligence;  Belief; 
Brain;  Certainty;  Genius;  Imagination; 
Insanity;  Judgment;  Knowledge;  Logic; 
Memory;  Perception;  Psychology;  Psychol- 
ogy, Comparative;  Reason;  Senses  and 
sensation;    Talent;    Thought   and   thinking 

Intellectual  property  see  Copyright  ;Inventions  ; 
Patents 

Intelligence  see  Intellect 

Intelligence    of    animals    see    Animal    intelli- 
gence; Instinct;  Psychology,  Comparative 

InteHigence  offices  see  Employment  agencies; 
Labor  exchanges 

Intemperance  see  Alcoholism  ;  Liquor  problem ; 
Temperance 

Intercollegiate  athletics  see  College  athletics 

Interdict 

See  also  Excommunication 

Interest 

See  also  Arithmetic;  Banks  and  banking; 
Discount;  Interest  tables;  Investments 


Interest  (psychology) 
Interest  tables 

Interference  Hight) 

See  also  Electric  waves;  Light 
Interior  decoration  see  Church  decoration  and 

ornament;  Furniture;  House  decoration 
Intermediate  state  see  Future  life;  Purgatory 
Interment  see  Burial 
Internal   combustion  engines  see  Gas   and   oil 

engines 


Refer  from  Benefit  societies;  Industrial 
betterment;  Industrial  insurance  (s) ;  Insur- 
ance, Accident;  Insurance,  Life;  Insurance, 
State  and  compulsory;  Insurance,  Working- 
men's  (s) ;  Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Thrift; 
Workingmen's  insurance  (s) 

Refer  from  Annuities;  Benefit  societies; 
Life  insurance  (s) 


Refer  from  Marine  insurance  (s) ;  Maritime 
law 


Refer  from  Compulsory  insurance  (s) ; 
Insurance,  Compulsory  (s) ;  Insurance,  Health ; 
Insurance,  Industrial;  Insurance,  Life;  In- 
surance, Workingmen's  (s) ;  Workingmen's 
insurance  (s) 


Refer  from  Gems 


Refer  from  Brain;  Intelligence  (s) ;  Knowl- 
edge; Mind  (s) ;  Philosoph}-;  Psychology; 
Thought  and  thinking;  Understanding  (s) 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Cluirch  dis- 
cipline; Church  polity;  Excommunication 

Refer  from  Arithmetic;  Arithmetic,  Com- 
mercial; Banks  and  banking;  Capital;  Com- 
merce; Discount;  Economics;  Ethics;  Fi- 
nance; Investments;  Loans;  Money;  Nego- 
tiable instruments;  Profit;  Usury  (s) 

Refer  from  Psychology,  Educational 


Refer  from  Interest;  Mathematics 
etc. ;  Tables,  Interest  (s) 


Tables, 


Refer  from  Light;  Optical  interference  (s) 


199 


Internal    revenue    see    Internal    revenue    laws; 

Stamp     duties;     Taxation;     also     names    of 

countries,  subhead  Revenue 
Internal  revenue  laws 


International   arbitration   see   Arbitration,    In- 
ternational 

International  copyright  see  Copyright 

International  exchange  see  Foreign  exchange 

International  exhibitions  see  Exhibitions 

International    language    see   Language,    Artifi- 
cial; Language,  Universal 

International  law 

See  also  Aliens;  Allegiance;  Arbitration, 
International;  Asylum,  Right  of;  Blockade; 
Boundaries;  Cables,  Submarine;  Citizen- 
ship; Claims;  Confiscation;  Consuls;  Con- 
traband of  war;  Diplomacy;  Diplomatic 
and  consular  service;  Drago  doctrine;  Em- 
bargo laws;  Exterritoriality;  Extradition; 
Guerrillas;  Impressment;  Indemnity;  In- 
ternational relations;  Intervention;  Juris- 
diction; Maritime  law;  Military  law;  Alon- 
roe  doctrine;  Natural  law;  Naturalization; 
Neutrality;  Passports;  Peace;  Pirates;  Po- 
litical offenses;  Privateering;  Prizes  (inter- 
national law) ;  Recognition  (international 
law);  Red  cross;  Salvage;  Search,  Right  of; 
Sovereignty;  State  ethics  ;  Treaties  ;  War 

International     marriages    see    Alarriages,     In- 
ternational 

International  politics    see    International    rela- 
tions 

International  relations 

See  also  Ambassadors;  Arbitration,  In- 
ternational; Balance  of  power;  Consuls; 
Diplomacy;  Diplomatic  and  consular  serv- 
ice; Diplomatic  memoirs;  Diplomats; 
Disarmament;  Eastern  question;  Frontiers; 
Holy  alliance;  International  law;  Mili- 
tarism; Monroe  doctrine;  Peace;  Race 
problems;  Sea  power;  State  ethics;  Trea- 
ties; Triple  alliance,  1883-;  War;  also  names 
of  countries,  subhead  Foreign  relations 

Internationalism  see  International  relations 

Interf)ceanic  canals  see  Ship  canals 

Interstate  conunerce 

See  also  Railroads  —  Rates;  Railroads  — 
U.  S. ;  Railroads  and  state;  Restraint  of 
trade;  Transportation 

Intcrurhan  railroads  see  Electric  railroads 
Intervention 

See  also  Holy  alliance;  Monroe  doctrine 

Interviewing  see  Journalism;  Reporting 
Intestate  succession  see  Inheritance 
Intestines 

See  also  Appendicitis;  Digestive  system; 
V'isccra 
Intolerance   see    Fanaticism;    Liberty    of   con- 
science; Religious  liberty 
Intoxicants  see  Alcohol;  Liquors;  Stimulants 
Intoxication  see  Alcoholism;  Liquor  problem; 
Temperance 


Refer  from  Excise  laws  (s) ;  Finance;  In- 
ternal revenue  (s) ;  Liquor  laws;  Taxation; 
U.  S. —  Revenue 


Refer  from  Arbitration,  International;  Block- 
ade; Commerce;  Diplomacy;  Diplomatic  and 
consular  service ;  International  relations  ;  Juris- 
diction; Law;  Law  of  nations  (s) ;  Maritime 
law ;  Military  law ;  Ministers  of  state  ;  Nations, 
Law  of  (s) ;  Natural  law ;  Neutrality  ;  Treaties ; 
War 


Refer  from  Balance  of  power;  Diplomacy; 
Diplomatic  and  consular  service;  Disarma- 
ment; Foreign  relations  (s) ;  History;  Inter- 
national law;  International  politics  (s) ;  In- 
ternationalism (s) ;  Ministers  of  state;  Peace; 
Politics;  Race  problems;  Treaties;  War; 
World  politics  (s) 


Refer  from  Carriers;  Commerce;  Govern- 
ment regulation  of  industry;  Railroads  — 
Law ;  Railroads  —  Rates ;  Railroads  and  state  ; 
Restraint  of  trade;  U.  S. —  Commerce 


Refer  from  Holy  alliance;  International  law; 
Monroe  doctrine;  War 


Refer    from    Abdomen;     Digestive    system; 
Viscera 


Intuition 

See  also  Psychology 
Inundations  see  Floods 
In\"alid  cookery  see  Cookery  for  the  sick 
Invalids 

See  also  Diet;  Health  resorts;  Nurses  and 
nursing 
Invasions  of  Rome,    Barbarian,   see   Barbarian 

in\'asions  of  Rome 
Inventions 

See  also  Industrial  arts  ;  Inventors  ;  Patents 


Inventors 

See  also  Inventions 

Invertebrates 

See  also  Arthropoda ;  Brachiopoda;  Coe- 
lenterata;  Crustacea;  Echinodermata ;  In- 
sects ;  Mollusks  ;  Polyzoa  ;  Protozoa  ;Sponges  ; 
Worms;  Zoology 

Fossil 

See  also  Insects,  Fossil;  Mollusks,  Fossil 
Investments 

See  also  Annuities;  Banks  and  banking; 
Bonds;  Building  and  loan  associations; 
Insurance;  Interest;  Loans;  Mortgages; 
Railroads  —  Finance;  Real  estate;  Real 
estate  business;  Securities;  Speculation; 
Stocks;  Thrift 
Invisible  empire  see  Ku-Klux  Klan 
Ionization  of  gases 

See  also  Electric  discharges  through  gases; 
Ions;  Radioactivity 

Ionized  air  see  Ionization  of  gases 

Ions 

See  also  Dissociation ;  Electric  discharges 
through  gases;  Electrochemistry;  Electrol- 
ysis; Electrolytes;  Electrons;  Ionization  of 
gases;  Solution  (chemistry) 

Iranian  languages 

See  also  Aryan  languages;  Oriental  lan- 
guages; Persian  language 

Iranic  languages  see  Iranian  languages 
Irish  ballads  see  Ballads,  Irish 
Irish  in  the  U.  S. 

See  also  Scotch-Irish  in  the  U.  S. 
Irish  land  question  see  Land  tenure —  Ireland 
Irish  language 

See  also  Celtic  languages;  Gaelic  language 
Irish  literature  (Celtic) 

See  also  Celtic  literature;  Gaelic  literature 
Irish  Uterature  (English) 

See  also  Ballads,  Irish;  English  literature; 
Irish  poetry 
Irish  poetry 

See   also   Ballads,    Irish;    Irish    literature; 
Songs,  Irish 
Irish  songs  see  Ballads,  Irish;  Songs,  Irish 
Iron 

See  also  Annealing;  Blast  furnaces;  Cast 
iron;    Corrosion  and   anti-corrosives;    Foun- 


Refer  from  Knowledge;  Psychology 


Refer  from  Hygiene;  Medicine;  Nurses  and 
nursing;  Sick,  The  (s) 


Refer  from  Civilization;  Discoveries  (in 
science)  (s) ;  Industrial  arts;  Intellectual 
property  (s) ;  Inventors;  Machinery;  Patents; 
Property,  Intellectual  (s) ;  Science 

Refer  from  Biography;  Discoverers  (s) ; 
Inventions;  Scientists 

Refer  from  Arthropoda.;  Brachiopoda;  Coe- 
lenterata  ;  Echinodermata  ;  Mollusks  ;  Polyzoa  ; 
Protozoa;  Sponges;  Worms;  Zoology 


Refer  fro )n  Paleontology 

Refer  from  Bonds;  Capital;  Corporations; 
Economics  ;  Finance ;  Interest ;  Loans  ;  Money ; 
Mortgages;  Negotiable  instruments;  Securi- 
ties; Speculation;  Stocks;  Thrift 


Refer  from  Air;  Atmospheric  nucleation; 
Electric  discharges  through  gases;  Electricity; 
Gases  ;  Ionized  air  (s) ;  Ions  ;  Radioactivity 


Refer  from  Atoms;  Chemistry;  Chemistry, 
Physical;  Dissociation;  Electricity;  Electro- 
chemistry; Electrolysis;  Electrolytes;  Elec- 
trons; Ionization  of  gases;  Matter;  Solution 
(chemistry) ;  X  rays 

Refer  from  Aryan  languages;  Iranic  lan- 
guages (s) ;  Oriental  languages;  Persian  lan- 
guage 


Refer  from  U.  S. —  Foreign  population 


Refer  from  Celtic  languages;  Erse  (s) ;  Gaelic 
lan;^uage 

Refer  from  Celtic  literature;  Gaelic  literature 

Refer   from    British    literature    (s)  ;    English 
literature;  Irish  poctr)' 

Refer  from  Ballads,  Irish;  British  poctr)-  (s) ; 
English  poetry;  Irish  literature 


Refer  fro'n    Annealing;    Building    materials; 
Cast  iron;  Metallography;  Metals;  Steel 


dry  work  ;  Galvanizing  ;  Hardware  ;  Iron  age  ; 

Iron  industry;  Iron  mines  and  mining;  Iron 

ores;     Ironwork;     Metallography;     Metals; 

Slag;  Steel;  Tubes;  \\rought  iron 
Iron  age 

Sfe  also  Archaeology 
Iron-clad  vessels  see  Armored  vessels 
Iron  founding  see  P'oundry  work 
Iron  industry 

See  also    Foundry   work;    Iron    mines   and 

mining  ;  Rolling  mills ;  Steel  industry  ;  Stoves 

Iron  Mask 

Iron  mines  and  mining 

See  also  Iron  ores 

Iron  ores 

See  also  Iron  mines  and  mining;  Lodestonc 

Iron  trade  see  Iron  industry 

Iron  work  see  Ironwork 

Ironclads  see  Armored  vessels 

Ironwork 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts;  Blacksmithing ; 
Forging;  Grilles;  Iron  industry;  Metal 
coloring;  Metal  work;  Railings;  Welding; 
Wrought  iron 

Irony 

Iroquois  Indians 

See  also  Indians  of  New  York;    Sullivan's 
expedition 
Irrigation 

See    also  Alkali  lands;  Civil  engineering; 
Dams^   Drainage;   Dry  farming;   Irrigation 
canals;    Reclamation    of    land;    Reservoirs; 
Water  rights;  Windmills 
Irrigation  canals 

See  also  Flumes 
Irritability 

See  also  Heliotropism  ;  Plants  —  Move- 
ments 


Irvingites  see  Catholic  apostolic  church 
Isinglass  see  Gelatin;  Mica 
Islam  see  Alohammedanism 
Islands 

See  also  Corals  and  coral  islands;  Physical 
geography 

Imaginary,  see  Geographical  m\-ths 

Islands  of  the  Mediterranean 
Isomerism 

See  also  Stereochemistry 

Israelites  see  Jews 

Isthmian  canal  see  Panama  canal 

Italian  drama 

See     also     Dramatists,      Italian;      Italian 
literature;  Theater —  Italy 
Italian  fiction 

See  also  Italian  literature 
Italian     language     [subdi\idcd     like     German 
language] 

See  also  Romance  languages 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Iron 


Refer  fro >n  Iron;  Iron  trade  (s) ;  Ironwork; 
Manufactures;  Rolling  mills;  Steel  industry 

Refer  from    France  —  History  —  Bourbons  ; 
Man  with  the  iron  mask  (s) 

Refer  from   Iron;  Iron  industry;   Iron  ores; 
Mines  and  mineral  resources 

Refer  from    Iron;    Iron    mines    and    mining; 
Ore  deposits;  Ores 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Blacksmithing; 
Decoration  and  ornament;  Forge  work  (s), 
Forging;  Grilles;  Iron;  Iron  work  (s) ;  A'letal 
work;  Wrought  iron;  Wrought  iron  work  (s) 

Refer  from  Humor;  Rhetoric;  Satire 

Refer  from  Five  nations  (s) ;  Indians ;  In- 
dians of  New  York;  Six  nations  (s) 

Refer  from  Agriculture;  Ci\il  engineering; 
Dams;  Drainage;  Engineering;  Hydraulic 
engineering;  Reclamation  of  land;  Reservoirs; 
Soils;  Water  supply 

Rejer  from  Canals;  Flumes;  Irrigation 

Refer  from  Animals  —  Habits  and  behavior; 
Animals — Irritability  (s) ;  Biology;  Helio- 
tropism; Movements  of  animals  (s) ;  Plants  — 

Mo\-ements 


Refer  from  Geography-;  Physical  geography 


Rejer  from  Mediterranean  Sea 

Refer    from     Chemistry,     Physical 
chemistrv 


Stereo- 


Refer  from   Dramatists,  Italian;  Italian  lit- 
erature; Italian  poctr\-;  Theater —  Italy 

Refer  from  Italian  literature 
Refer  from   Romance  languages 


Italian  literature 

See  also  Authors,   Italian;   Italian  drama;  Refer  from  Authors,  Italian;  Italian  drama; 

Italian    fiction;    Italian    poctr\- ;     Romance       Italian   fiction;    Italian   poetry;    Romance   lit- 
literature  erature 

Italian  painting  see  Painting,  Italian 
Italian  poetry 

See  also  Italian  drama;  Italian  literature; 
Poets,  Italian 
Italians  in  the  U.  S. 

See  also  Padrone  system 
Italy  —  History 

To  1559 

See  also  Barbarian  in\'asions  of  Rome ; 
Guelfs  and  Ghibcllines;  Rome — His- 
tory 

1559-1789 

See  also  Austrian  succession.  War  of 

1789-1815 

See  also  Napoleonic  wars 

1815- 

See  also  Carbonari;  Triple  alliance, 
1881- 


Rejer  from  Italian  literature;  Poets,  Italian 
Refer  from  U.  S. —  Foreign  population 


Refer  from    Barbarian    invasions   of    PvOme ; 
Guelfs  and  Ghibcllines 


Refer  from  Austrian  succession,  War  of 


Ivory 

Jacobins 

See  also  French  revolution 

Jacobites 

See  also  England  —  History  —  1714-1837; 
Nonjurors 

Jails  see  Prisons 
Jainism  see  Jains 
Jains 

See  also  India  —  Religion 

Jameson's  Taid,  1895-1896 

Janissaries  see  Jani/aries 
Janizaries 

See     also      Turkey  —  Arm\- ;      Turkey  — 
History 
Jansenists 


Japanese  ethics  see  Ethics,  Japanese 
Japanese  folklore  see  Folklore  —  Japan 
Japanese  in  California 
Japanese  in  the  U.  S. 

See  also  Japanese  in  California 


Japanese  language 

See  also  Oriental  languages 
Japanese  legends  see  Legends  —  Japan 
Japanese  literature 

See  also  Oriental  literature 
Japanning 

See  also  \'arnish  and  varnishing 

Jarley  waxworks 

Jealousy 

See  also  Emotions;  Love 
Jesters  see  Fools 
Jests  see  Humor 


Refer  from  Carbonari 

Refer  from  Animal  products;  Carving  (art 
industries);  Elephants;  Sculpture 

Refer  from  Breton  club  (s) ;  French  rc\olu- 
tion 

Refer  from  England  — •  History  —  Stuarts  ; 
England  —  History  —  1714-1837  ;  Scotland  — 
History 


Refer  from  Hinduism;  India  —  Religion; 
Jainism  (s) 

Refer  from  South  African  war,  1899-1902; 
Transvaal 


Refer  from  Janissaries  (s)  ;  Turkey  —  Army; 
Turkey  —  History 

Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Catholic  church 
—  History;  Church  history  —  Alodern  ;  Jes- 
uits 


Refer  from  California;  Japanese  in  the  \].  S. 

Refer  fro  fn  Race  problems  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S. — 
Foreign  population;  U.  S. —  Foreign  relations 
—  Japan 

Refer  from  Oriental  languages 


Refer  from  Oriental  literature 

Refer  from  Lacquer;  \'arnish  and  varnishing 

Refer  from  Entertainments;  Waxworks,  Liv- 
ing (s) 

Refer  from  Emotions;  Love 


203 


Jesuits 

See  also  Jansenists 


Missions 

See    also    Catholic    church  —  Missions; 
Indians  —  Missions 
Jesus,  Society  of,  see  Jesuits 
Jesus  Christ 

See  also  Antichrist;  Apostles;  Atonement; 
Bible;  Bible  —  New  Testament;  Christian- 
ity; Cross;  Easter;  Holy  sepulcher;  In- 
carnation; Lord's  supper;  Mary,  Virgin; 
Messiah;  Millennium  ;  Miracles  ;  Salvation; 
Second  advent;  Soclnianism;  Transubstan- 
tiation;  Trinity 

Art,  see  Jesus  Christ  in  art 

Ascension,    see   Jesus    Christ  —  Resurrec- 
tion and  ascension 

Atonement,  see  Atonement 

Baptism 

Biography 

Birth 

See  also  Christmas;  Incarnation;  Magi 


— Character 

See    also    Jesus     Christ  — •  Person     and 

offices 

Crucifixion,  see  Jesus  Christ  —  Passion 

Death,  see  Jesus  Christ — ■  Passion 

— Divinity 

See     also     Arlanism ;     Jesus     Christ  — 

Messiahship;   Soclnianism;  Trinity;   Uni- 

tarianism 
— Genealogy 

Iconography,  see  Jesus  Christ  in  art 

Incarnation,  see  Incarnation 

— Legends 

Life,  see  Jesus  Christ  —  Biography 

— Messiahship 

See  also  Alesslah 


-Miracles 
-Names 

-Nativity,  see  Jesus  Christ 
-Passion 


Birth 


-Person  and  offices 

See  also  Jesus  Christ  —  Character 
-Portraits,  see  Jesus  Christ  in  art 
-Resurrection  and  ascension 

See  also  Easter 


Second  advent,  see  Second  advent 

Teaching 

See     also     Bible — New     Testament  — 

Gospels;  Parables;  Sermon  on  the  mount 

Temptation 

Transfiguration 

Trial 

Jesus  Christ  in  art 

See    also    Christian    art    and    symbolism; 
Madonnas 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Church  history; 
Counter-reformation;  Jesus,  Society  of  (s) ; 
Monasticism;  Religious  orders;  Society  of 
Jesus  (s) 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  —  Missions ; 
Indians  —  Missions  ;  Missions 


Refer  from  Atonement;  Bible;  Bible — New 
Testament;  Bible  —  New  Testament  —  Gos- 
pels; Christ  (s)  ;  Christianity;  Chrlstology  (s) ; 
God;  Incarnation;  Jews;  Lord's  supper ;  Alary, 
Virgin;  Messiah;  Millennium;  Prophecies; 
Religion;  Second  advent;  Theology;  Trinity 


Refer  from  Baptism 

Refer  from  Jesus  Christ  —  Life  (s) 

Refer  from  Christmas;  Jesus  Christ — Na- 
tivity (s) ;  Nativity  of  Christ  (s) ;  Virgin 
birth  of  Christ  (s) 

Refer  from  Jesus  Christ  —  Person  and 
offices 


Refer  from  Arlanism;  Divinity  (s) ;  Human- 
itarlanlsm  (theology)  (s) ;  Trinity;  Unitarian- 
ism 


Refer  from  Legends 


Refer  from    Jesus  Christ  —  Divinity;   Mes- 
siah 

Refer  from  Miracles 


Refer    from     Crucifixion;     Jesus     Christ  — 
Crucifixion  (s) ;  Jesus  Christ  —  Death  (s) 

Refer  from  Jesus  Christ  —  Character 


Refer  from  Ascension  of  Jesus  Christ  (s) ; 
Easter;  Jesus  Christ  —  Ascension  (s) ;  Res- 
urrection 


Refer     from      Bible  —  New      Testament  — 
Gospels ;  Parables 

Refer  from  Temptation 

Refer  from  Transfiguration  of  Jesus  Christ  (s) 


Refer  from    Bible — Pictorial    illustrations; 
Christian  art  and  symbolism;  Jesus  Christ  — 


204 


Art     (s) ;     Jesus     Christ — -Iconography     (sj ; 
Jesus  Christ  —  Portraits  (s) 
Jets 

See  also  Hydraulics;  Hydrodynamics  ^^/i?r//-ow  Fluids  ;  Hydraulics  ;  Hydrodynam- 

ics ;  Liquids 
Jetties 

See  also  Breakwaters  Refer  from  Breakwaters;  Harbors;  Hydraulic 

engineering;  Reclamation  of  land 
Jewelry 

S>^  a/j-o  Arts  and  crafts ;  Beads ;  Bracelets ;  Refer    from     Arts     and     crafts;     Bracelets; 

Brooches;  Cameos;  Gems;  Goldsmithing;  Brooches;  Costume  ;  Decoration  and  ornament ; 
Hall  marks;  Pearls;  Plate;  Precious  stones;  Gems;  Gold;  Goldsmithing;  Metal  work; 
Rings;  Silversmithing  Precious  stones;  Rings;  Silversmithing 

Jewish  ethics  see  Ethics,  Jewish 
Jewish  language  see  Hebrew  language  ;  Yiddish 

language 
Jewish  literature 

Sc^- fl/jo  Bible ;  Cabala ;  Hebrew  literature;  Refer     from     Hebrew     literature;     Jews  — 

Talmud;  Yiddish  literature  Literature  (s) 

Jewries  see  Ghettos 
Jews 

See  also  Anglo-Israelism  ;   Bible;  Circum-  Refer  frovi  Bible;  Church  history;  Ghettos; 

cision;     Essenes ;     Ghettos;     Jesus     Christ;       Hebrews    (s) ;    Israelites    (s) ;    Palestine;    Race 
Messiah;    Palestine;    Passover;    Patriarchs;       problems ;  Semitic  race ;  Zionism 
Prophets;    Sabbath,    Jewish;    Semitic    race; 
Zionism 
— — Antiquities 

See  also  Bible  —  Antiquities  Refer  from  Bible  —  Antiquities 

Biography 

Charities  Refer  from  Charities 

Civilization 

Customs,     see     Jews  —  Social      life      and 

customs 

Education 

Ethics,  see  Ethics,  Jewish 

Ethnology 

See  also  Bible  —  Ethnology  Refer  from  Bible  —  Ethnology 

History 

See  also  Bible  —  History  Refer  from  Bible  —  History 

Language,  see  Hebrew  language;  Yiddish 

language 
— — Law 

See  also  Mosaic  law  Refer  from  Mosaic  law 

Literature,  see  Hebrew  literature;  Jewish 

literature;  Yiddish  literature 

Liturgy  and  ritual  Refer   from    Jews  —  Religion;    Jews  —  Rit- 
ual (s) 

Lost  tribes 

-S'r^  fl/.fo  Anglo-Israelism  Refer   from    Anglo-Israelism;    Bible — Eth- 

nology;  Lost   tribes  of  Israel    (s) ;   Ten    tribes 
of  Israel  (s) 

Music,  see  Music  —  Jews 

Persecution  Refer     from     Jews — Political      and     social 

conditions;  Persecution 

Political  and  social  conditions 

See   also   Jews  —  I'ersccution ;    Jews    in  Refer     from     Anti-Semitism      (s) ;     Jews  — 

Russia;  Jews  in  the  U.  S.  ;  Zicmism  Social  conditions  (s) 

Religion 

See  also  Bible  —  Old  Testament;  Cab-  Refer    from     Circumcision;     Judaism      (s) ; 

ala ;      Circumcision;      Essenes;      Jews —       Passover;  Religions 
Liturgy  and  ritual;  Messiah;  Mosaic  law; 
Passover;  Sabbath,  Jewish;  Talmud 

-Ritual,  see  Jews  —  Liturgy  and  ritual 

Social     conditions,     see     Jews  —  Pf)litical 

and  social  conditions 

205 


Jews  —  Continued 

Social  life  and  customs 

Sff  also  Ethics,  Jewish 
Jews  in  Russia 

Jews  in  the  U.  S. 

Jiu-jitsu 

Sft'  also  Wrestling 

Joinery  see  Carpentry 
Joint  authorship  see  Collaboration 
Joint  standard  see  Bimetallism 
Joint-stock  companies 

See   also    Corporations;    Partnership; 
Stocks 

Joints 

See  also  Anatomy;  Dislocations 

Jokes  see  Humor 
Journalism 

See  also  Amateur  journalism  ;  Authorship  ; 
Caricature  and  cartoons;  Editorials;  Libel 
and  slander;  Liberty  of  the  press;  News- 
papers; Periodicals;  Publicity;  Reporting; 
Students'  periodicals;  War  correspondence 
Journals  (machinery)  see  Bearings  (machinery) 
Journeys  see  Voyages  and  travels;  also  names 
of  countries,  subhead  Description  and  travel 

Joy 

See  also  Emotions;  Llappiness ;  Pleasure 
Jubilee  singers 

Judaeo-German  see  Yiddish  language 
Judaism  see  Jews  —  Religion 
Judeo-German  see  Yiddish  language 
Judges 

See  also  Chancellors,  Lord;  Chief  justices ; 
Justices  of  the  peace;  Magistrates 

Judgment 

See    also     Common     sense;     Psychology; 
Reason 
Judgment  day 

See  also  Eschatology;  Future  life;  Second 
advent 
Judiciary  see  Courts;  Judges 
Juggling  see  Conjuring 
July  fourth  see  Fourth  of  July 
Jurassic   period   see   Geology,    Stratigraphic  — 

Jurassic  ;  Paleontology  —  Jurassic 
Jurisdiction 

See     also     Constitutional     law;     Courts; 
Equity;  International  law 

Jurisprudence  see  Law 

Jurisprudence,     Medical,     see     Medical     juris- 
prudence 
Jurists  see  Lawyers 

See  also  Constitutional  law;  Trials 


Justice 

See  also  Equity 


Refer  from  Jews  —  Customs  (s) 

Refer  from  Jews  —  Political  and  social 
conditions 

Refer  fro7n  Jews  —  Political  and  social 
conditions 

Refer  from  Athletics;  Physical  education; 
Sports;  Wrestling 


Refer  from  Business;  Commercial  law;  Cor- 
porations; Partnership;  Stock  companies  (s) ; 
Stocks 

Refer  from  Anatomy;  Articulations  (s) ; 
Bones;  Dislocations 


Refer  from  Authorship;  Editorials;  Inter- 
viewing (s) ;  Liberty  of  the  press;  Literature; 
Newspaper  work  (s) ;  Newspapers  ;  Periodicals  ; 
Press  (s) ;  Professions;  Reporting;  Writing 
for  the  press  (s) ;  Yellow  journalism  (s) 


Refer  from   Emotions;   Happiness;   Pleasure 
Refer  from  Fisk  university;  Negro  songs 


Refer  from  Biography;  Chief  justices; 
Courts;  Judiciary  (s) ;  Justices  (s) ;  Law; 
Lawyers ;  Magistrates 

Refer  from  Intellect ;  Knowdedge ;  Psychology ; 
Reason 

Refer  from  Day  of  judgment  (s) ;  Escha- 
tology ;  Future  life ;  Last  judgment  (s) ;  Second 
advent;  Theology 


Refer  from  Constitutional  law;  Courts; 
International  law;  Law;  Probate  law  and 
practice 


Refer  from  Constitutional  law;  Courts; 
Criminal  law;  Grand  jury  (s) ;  Law;  Trial  by 
jury  (s) ;  Trials 


Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Equity;  Ethics; 
Law 


206 


Justices    see    Chief   justices;    Judges;    Justices 

of  the  peace 
Justices  of  the  peace  Refer    from     Judges;     Justices     (s) ;     Law; 

Magistrates 
Justification 

See  also  Faith;  Grace  (theology)  Refer  from  Faith;  Grace  (theology);  Salva- 

tion ;  Theology 
Jute 

See  also  Fibers  Refer  from  Fibers;  Hemp 

Juvenile  courts 

See  also  Juvenile  delinquency;  Probation  Refer     from      Children  —  Law;      Children's 

system  courts    (s) ;    Courts;    Criminal    law;    Juvenile 

delinquency;  Probation  system;  Reformatories 
Juvenile  delinquency 

See    also    Children,    Abnormal    and    back-  Refer    from     Boys;     Children;     Children  — 

ward;  Defectives ;  Juvenile  courts ;  Parental  Law;  Crime  and  criminals;  Defectives; 
schools;  Reformatories;  Truancy;  Truant  Delinquent  children  (s) ;  Juvenile  courts; 
schools  Juvenile  offenders  (s) ;  Social  problems 

Juvenile  literature  see  Children's  literature 
Juvenile  offenders  see  Juvenile  delinquency 
Juvenile  reformatories  see  Reformatories 
Kabala  see  Cabala 
Kabbala  see  Cabala 
Kaffirs  see  Kafirs 
Kafirs 

See  also  Africa,  South  Refer    from     Africa,     South;     Caffres     (s) ; 

Ethnology  — •  Africa,  South  ;  Kaffirs  (s) 
Kaki  see  Khaki 

Kaleidoscope  Refer  from  Optical  instruments 

Kalifs  see  Caliphs 

Kansas-Nebraska  bill  Refer    from      Kansas  —  Flistory;      Missouri 

compromise;  Nebraska  —  Historv;  Slavery  in 
the  U.  S. 
Kantianism  see  Critical  philosophy 
Karens 

See^also  Burma  Refer  from  Burma 

Kartels   (economics)   see   Combination,    Indus- 
trial ;  Trusts 
Karyokinesis  Refer     from      Biology;      Caryokinesis      (s) ; 

Cells;      Chromosomes      (s) ;    Cytokinesis     (s) ; 
Mitosis  (s) 
Katabolism  see  Metabolism 
Kathode  rays  see  Cathode  rays 
Kayans  see  Dyaks 
Keeley  cure  see  Gold  cure 
Keltic  languages  see  Celtic  languages 
Keltic  literature  see  Celtic  literature 
Kelts  sec  Celts 

Kentucky  and  Virginia  resolutions,  1798  Refer  from   Alien   and   sedition   laws,    1798; 

Kentucky  —  History  ;  Kentucky  resolutions(s) ; 
Nullification;    State    rights;     Virginia — His- 
tory; \'irginia  resolutions  (s) 
Kentucky  resolutions,  1798,  see  Kentucky  and 

\'irginia  resolutions,  1798 
Keramics  see  Pottery 
Kerosene  see  Petroleum 
Kerosene  engines  see  Gas  and  oil  engines 

Keswick  movement  Refer  from  Revivals 

Keys  see  Locks  and  keys 
Khaki  Refer    from     Cotton;      Dyes     and     dyeing; 


Kaki  (s) ;  Textile  industry  and  fabrics;  Wool 
Caliphs 

Kidnapping 

See  also   Brigands   and   robbers;   impress-  Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Slave  trade 

207 


Khalifs  see  Caliphs 

idnapping 

See  also    Brigai 
ment ;  Slave  trade 


Kidneys 

Sc'i'  also  Urinary  organs 

Kindergarten 

See  also  Cardboard  construction;  Child 
study;  Children;  Finger  plays;  Nature 
study;  Object  teaching;  Paper  work;  Play; 
Story  telling 


Games  and  songs 

Stories 

Kindness 

Kindness  to  animals  see  Animals  — -  Treatment 

Kinematics 

See  also  Dynamics;  Force  and  energy; 
Mechanical  movements;  Mechanics;  Mo- 
tion; Velocity 

Kinematograph  see  Moving  pictures 

Kinetic    theory   of   gases   see   Gases  —  Kinetic 
theory 

Kinetics  see  Dynamics;  Alotion 

Kinetograph  see  Moving  pictures 

Kinetoscope  see  Moving  pictures 

King  Philip's  war,  1675-1676 

See  also  Indians  —  Wars  ;  New  England  — 
History  ;  U.  S.  — ■  History  —  Colonial  period 

King  William's  war,  1689-1697 

See  also  Indians — Wars;  U.  S.  —  His- 
tory —  Colonial  period 

Kingdom  of  God  ■• 

Kings  and  rulers 

See,  also    Caliphs;    Courts    and    courtiers; 
Divine    right   of    kings;    Doges;    Emperors; 
Monarchy;  Popes;  Presidents;  Princes  and 
princesses ;    Queens    and    empresses ;    Royal 
descent,  Families  of 
Kingship  see  Alonarchy 
Kinship  see  Consanguinity;  Family 
Kissing 
Kitchen 

See  also  Cookery;  Home  economics 
Kitchen  garden  (for  teaching  housekeeping) 
Kitchen  gardening  (vegetables)  see  Gardening 
Kitchen  middens 

See  also  Mounds  and  mound  builders 


Kites 

Kneipp  cure  see  Hydrotherapy 
Knife  see  Knives 
Knight-errantry    see    Chivalry; 

knighthood 
Knightage  see  Peerage 
Knighthood  see  Knights  and  knighthood 
Knights  and  knighthood 

See  also  Chivalry;  Feudalism;  Heraldry; 

Peerage;    also    orders    of    knighthood,    e.g. 

Garter,   Order  of   the;    Malta,    Knights   of; 

Templars;  Teutonic  knights 
Knights  hospitallers  see  Malta,  Knights  of 
Knights  of  Malta  see  Malta,  Knights  of 
Knights  of  Rhodes  see  Malta,  Knights  of 


Refer    fro  m 
Viscera 


Abdomen;     Urinary     organs; 


Knights    and 


Refer  from  Child  study;  Children;  Children 
—  Education  (s) ;  Education;  Education, 
Elementary;  Education  of  children  (s) ; 
Elementary  education  (s) ;  Froebel  sj'stem  of 
education  (s) ;  Gifts  (kindergarten)  (s) ; 
Object  teaching;  Schools;  Teaching 

Refer  fro }n  Children's  songs;  Games;  Play; 
School  music;  Songs 

Refer  from  Children's  literature;  Stories  (s) 

Refer  from  Affection  (s) ;  Charity;  Conduct 
of  life;  Ethics 


Refer  from  Cinematics  (s) ;  Dynamics; 
Machinery;  Mechanical  movements;  Mechan- 
ics ;  Motion  ;  Physics ;  \'elocity 


Refer  from  Indians  —  Wars;  New  England 
—  History;  U.  S. —  History  —  Colonial  period 

Refer  from  England  —  History — Stuarts; 
Indians  —  Wars  ;  New  York  (state) —  History  ; 
U.  S.  —  History  —  Colonial  period 

Refer  fro  m  Theology 

Refer  from  Biography;  Courts  and  courtiers; 
Despotism;  Emperors;  History;  Magistrates; 
Monarchs  (s) ;  Monarchy;  Royalty  (s) ; 
Rulers  (s) ;  Sovereigns  (s) 


Refer  from  Manners  and  customs 

Refer  from  Cookery;  Home  economics 
Refer  from  Home  economics 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Indians  —  An- 
tiquities; Mounds  and  mound  builders;  Shell 
mounds  (s) 

Refer  from  Aeronautics  ;  Amusements  ;  Sports 


Refer  from  Chivalry;  Feudalism;  Heraldry; 
Knight-errantry  (s) ;  Knighthood  (s) ;  Orders 
of  knighthood  (s) ;  Peerage 


208 


Knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem  see  Malta, 

Knights  of 
Knights  of  the  cross  see  Teutonic  knights 
Knights  of  the  red  cross  see  Freemasons 
Knights  templars  (masonic)  see  Freemasons  — 

Templars 
Knights  templars  (military  order)  see  Templars 
Knitting 

See  also  Fancy  work 
Knives 

See  also  Cutlery 
Knotting  and  splicing  see  Knots  and  splices 
Kjiots  and  splices 

Know-nothing  party 

See  also  U.  S.  —  History  — •  1815-1861 


Knowledge 

See  also  Apperception;  Belief;  Education; 
Experience;  Intellect;  Intuition  ;  Judgment ; 
Aletaphysics ;        Perception;        Philosophy; 
Psychology;  Reality;  Science;  Truth 
Knownothing  party  see  Know-nothing  party 
Koomis  see  Kumiss 
Koran 

See  also  IVIohammedanism 


Koumys  see  Kumiss 
Ku-Klux  Klan 

See  also  Reconstruction 


Kumiss 

Kuran  see  Koran 

Kyanizing  see  Wood  —  Preservation 

Kymric  language  see  Welsh  language 

Kymric  literature  see  Welsh  literature 

Labadists 

Labor  and  capital 

See  also  Arbitration  and  conciliation, 
Industrial;  Boycott;  Capital;  Combination, 
Industrial;  Cooperation;  Employers'  associ- 
ations; Employers'  liability;  Industrial 
betterment;  Industry;  Labor  and  laboring 
classes;  Labor  unions;  Profit  sharing; 
Strikes  and  lockouts;  Wages 

Labor  and  laboring  classes 

See  also  Age  limit  of  employment ;  Appren- 
tices ;  Arbitration  and  conciliation,  Indus- 
trial; Benefit  societies;  Child  labor;  Com- 
munism; Consumers'  leagues;  Contract 
labor;  Convict  labor;  Coolies;  Cooperation; 
Cost  of  living;  Economics;  Efficiency,  In- 
dustrial; Employers'  liability;  Employment 
agencies;  Factory  system;  Farm  colonics; 
Farm  labor;  Gilds;  Home  labor;  Hours  of 
labor;  Housing  problem;  Immigration  and 
emigration;  Industrial  betterment;  Indus- 
trial education;  Industry;  Insurance,  In- 
dustrial; Labor  and  capital;  Labor  ex- 
changes; Labor  laws;  Labor  unions;  Leisure 
class;  Machinery  in  industry;  Mechanics' 
institutes;    Miners;    Occupations;    Old    age 


Refer  from  Fancy  work;  Needlework 

Refer  from  Cutlery;  Hardware;  Knife  (s) 

Refer  from  Cordage;  Knotting  and  splic- 
ing (s) ;  Navigation;  Rope;  Splicing  (s) 

Refer  from  American  party  (s) ;  Knownoth- 
ing party  (s) ;  Political  parties;  U.  S. —  His- 
tory —  1815-1861  ;  U.  S.  —  Politics 

Refer  from  Apperception;  Consciousness; 
Education;  Epistemology  (s) ;  Intellect; 
Learning  (s) ;  Metaphysics;  Philosophy;  Ps)'- 
chology 


Refer  from  Alcoran  (s) ;  Alkoran  (s) ; 
Kuran  (s) ;  Mohammedanism;  Quran  (s) ; 
Sacred  books 


Refer  from  Invisible  empire  (s) ;  Reconstruc- 
tion; Secret  societies;  Southern  states;  White 
league  (s) 

Refer  from  Koomis  (s) ;  Koumys  (s) ;  Liquors; 

Milk 


Refer  from  Sects 

Refer  from  Arbitration  and  conciliation, 
Industrial;  Capital;  Capital  and  labor  (s) ; 
Economics;  Labor  and  laboring  classes; 
Profit  sharing 


Refer  frojii  Economics;  Industry;  Labor  and 
capital;  Labor  unions;  Laborers  (s) ;  Manu- 
factures; People;  Poor;  Profit  sharing;  Social 
problems;  Sociology;  Strikes  and  lockouts: 
Wages;  Wealth;  Work;  Working  classes  (s) 


209 


Labor  and  laboring  classes  —  Continued 

pensions;  Open  and  closed  shop;  Padrone 
system;  Peasantry;  Peonage;  Poor;  Profit 
sharing;  Railroads  —  Employees;  Scientific 
management;  Servants;  Slavery;  Socialism; 
Sociology;  Standard  of  living;  Strikes  and 
lockouts;  Sweating  sj'stem ;  Unemployed; 
Villeinage;  Wages;  Women — Employment; 
Work;  Workingmen's  clubs;  also  names  of 
cities,  subhead  Labor  and  laboring  classes 

— U.  s. 

See  also  U.  S.  —  Social  conditions 


Labor  and  machinery  see  Machinery  in  industry 
Labor  colonies  see  Farm  colonies;  Penal  colo- 
nies 
Labor  exchanges 

See    also    Employment    agencies ;    Unem- 
ployed 


Labor  laws 

See  also  Blacklisting ;  Boycott ;  Employers' 
liability;  Factory  laws;  Hours  of  labor; 
injunctions;  Mining  laws 

Labor  legislation  see  Labor  laws 

Labor  organizations  see  Gilds;  Labor  unions 

Labor  unions 

See  also  Arbitration  and  conciliation, 
Industrial;  Benefit  societies;  Blacklisting; 
Boycott;  Combination,  Industrial;  Coopera- 
tion; Employers'  associations;  Gilds;  Labor 
and  laboring  classes;  Open  and  closed  shop; 
Restfaint  of  trade;  Strikes  and  lockouts; 
Trade  agreements;  Wages 


Laboratories 

See  also  Biological  laboratories 
Laborers  see  Labor  and  laboring  classes 
Laborers'  dwellings  see  Housing  problem 
Lace 

See  also  Needlework 

Laconics  see  Maxims 
Lacquer 

See  also  Japanning;  Varnish  and  varnish 

ing 
Lacrosse 

Ladies  see  Etiquet;  Women 
La  grippe  see  Influenza 
Lake  District,  Eng. 

See  also  Cumberland,   Eng.;  Lake  poets; 

Lancashire,  Eng.;   Westmoreland,  Eng. 

Lake  dwellers  and  lake  dwellings 

See  also  Archaeology 


Lake  poets 

See   also    English    poetry;    Lake    District, 
Eng. 


Refer  from  U.  S. —  Economic  conditions; 
v.  S. —  Labor  and  laboring  classes  (s) ;  U.  S. 
—  Social  conditions 


Refer  from  Arbitration  and  conciliation, 
Industrial;  Employment  agencies;  Intelli- 
gence offices  (s) ;  Labor  and  laboring  classes; 
Unemployed 

Refer  from  Children  —  Law;  Employers' 
liability  ;  Factory  laws  ;  Government  regulation 
of  industry;  Industrial  betterment;  Labor  and 
laboring  classes;  Labor  legislation  (s) ;  Law 


Refer  from  Associations  (s) ;  Benefit  societies  ; 
Boycott;  Collective  bargaining  (s) ;  Combi- 
nation, Industrial;  Commerce;  Cooperation; 
Economics;  Gilds;  Labor  and  capital;  Labor 
and  laboring  classes;  Labor  organizations  (s) ; 
Open  and  closed  shop;  Organized  labor  (s) ; 
Restraint  of  trade;  Societies;  Strikes  and 
lockouts;  Trade  unions  (s) ;  Trades  combina- 
tion (s) ;  Unions,  Labor  (s) ;  Wages;  Work- 
ingmen's associations  (s) 

Refer  from  Research;  Scientific  research 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Domestic  arts; 
Fancy  work;  Alanufactures ;  Needlework; 
Weaving 

Refer  from    Arts    and    crafts;    Varnish    and 
varnishing;  Wood  finishing 
Refer  from  Games 


Refer  from  Cumberland,  Eng. ;  England  — 
Description  and  travel;  Lake  poets;  Lakes; 
Lancashire,  Eng.;  Westmoreland,  Eng. 

Refer  from  Anthropology;  Archaeology; 
Architecture,  Ancient;  Ethnology;  Lakes; 
Man  —  Origin  and  antiquity 

Refer  from  English  poctr\';  Lake  District, 
Eng.;  Lake  school  (s) ;  Lakisls  (s) ;  Poets, 
English 


lands : 
Rent: 


Lake  school  see  Lake  poets 

Lakes 

See  also  Great  Lakes;  Inland  navigation; 
Lake  District,  Eng. ;  Lake  dwellers  and  lake 
dwellings;  Physical  geography;  Ponds 

Lakists  see  Lake  poets 

Lamaism 

See  also  Buddhism;  Tibet 

Lamarckism  see  Evolution;  Lamarck 

Lamellibranchiata  see  Bivalves 

Lampoons  see  Satire 

Lamps 

See  also  Electric  lamps;  Safety  lamps 

Land 

See  also  Agriculture;  Clearing  of  land; 
Deeds;  Easements;  Eminent  domain;  Farm 
colonies;  Farms;  Land  grants;  Land  na- 
tionalization; Land  tenure;  Land  titles; 
Landlord  and  tenant;  Parks;  Public 
Real  estate;  Reclamation  of  land; 
School  lands;  Single  tax;  Surveying;  Taxa- 
tion; Unearned  increment 

Land  banks 

See  also  Agricultural  credit;  Banks  and 
banking 

Land  clearing  see  Clearing  of  land 

Land  credit  see  Agricultural  credit 

Land  drainage  see  Drainage 

Land  grants 

See    also    School    lands;    also 
countries,  subhead  Public  lands 

Land  nationalization 

See  also  Communism;  Land  tenure; 
Single  tax;  Socialism 

Land  surveying  see  Surveying 

Land  tenure 

See  also  Absenteeism;  Commons;  Emi- 
nent domain;  Feudalism;  Land  nationaliza- 
tion; Land  titles;  Landlord  and  tenant; 
Manors;  Alark  (land);  Mortmain;  Real 
estate;  Rent;  Riparian  rights;  School  lands; 
Scutage;  Single  tax;  Taxation;  Unearned 
increment;  Village  communities;  Villeinage 

Ireland 

See  also  Absenteeism 

U.  S. 

See  also  Homestead  law;  U.  S. —  Public 
lands 
Land  titles 

See  also  Conveyancing;  Deeds;  Mort- 
gages; Real  estate;  Sale;  'I'orrens  system 

Land  transfer  See  Conveyancing 
Land  yachts 
Landlord  and  tenant 

See  also  Absenteeism;  Apartment  houses; 
Eviction;  Land;  Rent;  Tenement  houses 
Landmarks,  Preservation  of,  see  Preservation 

of  landmarks,  scenery,  etc. 
Landscape 

See     also     Picturesque;     Preservation     of 
landmarks,  scenery,  etc. 
Landscape  gardening 

See  also  Cemeteries;  Evergreens;  Forests 
and  forestry;  Garden  ornaments  and  furni- 


Refer    from     Inland     navigation;     Physical 
geography;  Ponds;  Watei 


Refer  from  Buddhism;  Religions;  Tibet 


Refer  from  Furniture;  Lighting;  Petroleum 

Refer  from  Agriculture;  Economics;  Land- 
lord and  tenant;  Law;  Property;  Real  estate; 
Rent 


Refer    from    Agricultural    banks     (s) ;    Agri- 
cultural credit;  Banks  and  banking 


names     of  Refer  from  Land;  \I .  S. — Public  lands 


Refer  from  Communism  ;  Land  ;  Land  tenure ; 
Nationalization  of  land  (s) ;  Single  tax;  Social- 
ism 

Refer  from  Absenteeism;  Agriculture;  Eco- 
nomics; Inheritance;  Land;  Land  nationaliza- 
tion ;  Real  estate  ;  Single  tax  ;  Tenure  of  land  (s) 


Refer  from  Absenteeism;  Ireland  —  Land 
tenure  (s) ;  Irish  land  question  (s) 

Refer  from  U.  S. —  Economic  conditions; 
U.  S. —  Land  tenure  (s) 

Refer  from  Abstracts  of  title  (s) ;  Conveyanc- 
ing; Deeds;  Land;  Land  tenure;  Property'; 
Real  estate;  Sale;  Titles  (land)  (s) 

Refer  from  Sports;  Yachts  and  yachting 

Refer  from  Commercial  law;  Land;  Land 
tenure;  Law;  Real  estate;  Rent;  Tenants  (s) 


Refer  from    Esthetics;   Natural   scenery   (s) ; 
Picturesque;  Scenery  (s) 

Refer    from     Architectural     gardening     (s) ; 
Art;  Cemeteries;  Forests  and  forestry;  Formal 


ture;  Gardening;  Gardens;  Hedges;  Lawns; 
Municipal   improvement;   Pari:s ;   Pergolas; 
Rustic  woodwork;   Shrubs;  Topiary  work; 
Trees ;  Water  gardens 
Landscape  painting 

Si'f  also  Barbizon  school;  Painting 
Landslides 

See  also  Avalanches 

Language 

See  also  Accent;  Alliteration;  Alphabet; 
Classical  education;  Conversation;  Defini- 
tion; Dialects;  Elocution;  Epithets;  Ety- 
mology; Grammar;  Hieroglyphics;  Idioms; 
Literature;  Names;  Onomatopoeia;  Phonet- 
ics; Pronunciation;  Prosody;  Punctuation; 
Rhetoric;  Sign  language;  Slang;  Speech; 
Spelling;  Synonyms  and  antonyms;  Trans- 
lation; Transliteration;  Words;  Writing; 
also  names  of  languages  and  groups  of  lan- 
guages, e.g.  African  languages;  Aryan 
languages;  Dravidian  languages;  Indians  — 
languages;  Oceanic  languages;  Oriental  lan- 
guages; Romance  languages;  Semitic  lan- 
guages ;  Ural-Altaic  languages 

Artificial 

See  also  Bolak;  Esperanto;  Ido;  Vola- 
piik 

Comparative  philology 

Universal 

See  also  Language,  Artificial 

Language  of  animals  see  Animals  —  I>anguage 
Language  of  flowers  see  Flower  language 
Langue  bleue  (artificial  language)  see  Bolak 
Langue'd'oc  see  Provengal  language 
Langue  d'o'il  see  French  language 
Lantern  slides 

See  also  Stereopticon 
Lapidary  work  see  Gems 
Larceny 

See  also  Burglary;  Embezzlement; 
Thieves 

Last  judgment  see  Judgment  day 
Last  words  of  famous  people 

Lathe  work  see  Lathes;  Turning 
Lathes 

See  also  Machine  shop  practice;  Machine 
tools;  Turning;  Woodworking  machinery 

Latin  America 

See  also  Central  America;  Mexico;  Mon- 
roe doctrine;  South  America;  West  Indies 
Latin  drama 

See  also  Dramatists,  Latin;   Latin  litera- 
ture; Theater —  Rome 
Latin     language     [subdivided     like     German 
language] 
See  also  Aryan  languages;   Romance  lan- 
guages 
Latin  literature 

See  also  Classical  literature;  Latin  drama; 
Latin  language;  Latin  poetry 
Medieval  and  modern 


gardening  (s)  ;  Gardening;  Gardens;  Hedges; 
Alunicipal  improvement;  Parks;  Planting  (s) : 
Rural  architecture  (s) ;  Shrubs;  Trees 


Refer  from  Painting 

Refer  from  Avalanches;  Geology;  Physical 
geography 

Refer  from  Anthropology;  Ethnology;  Lin- 
guistics (s) ;  Literature;  Philology  (s) ;  Science; 
Speech;  Words 


Refer  from  Artificial  language  (s) ;  Interna- 
tional language  (s) ;  Language,  Universal 
Refer  from  Comparative  philology  (s) 

Refer     from     International     language      (s) ; 
Universal  language  (s) 


Refer  from  Stereopticon 


^^/"^-r  /row  Burglary ;  Crime  and  criminals; 
Shoplifting  (s) ;  Stealing  (s) ;  Theft  (s) ;  Thiev- 
ing (s) ;  Thieves 

Refer  from  Anecdotes;  Death-bed  words  (s) ; 
Dying  words  (s) 


Refer  from  Carpentry;  Lathe  work  (s) ; 
Machine  shop  practice;  Machine  tools;  Ma- 
chinery; Turning;  Woodworking  machinery 

Refer  from  Central  America;  Mexico; 
South  America;  Spanish  America  (s) 

Refer  from  Dramatists,  Latin;  Latin  litera- 
ture; Theater —  Rome 


Refer    from     Aryan     languages;     Classical 
languages  (s) ;  Latin  literature 

Refer  from  Classical  literature;  Latin  drama; 
Latin  poetry;  Roman  literature  (s) 


Latin  poetry 

Stw  also  Latin  literature 
Latin  races 

St-e  also  Aryans  ;  Creoles 
Latitude  and  longitude 

See  also  Astronomy;  Astronomy,  Spherical 
and  practical;  Geography,  Mathematical; 
Navigation;  Nutation;  Traverse  tables 


Latter-day  saints  see  Mormons  and  Mormonism 
Lattice 

See  also  Grilles 

Laughter 

See  also  Humor 
Launches  see  Motor  boats;  Steam  launches 
Launching 
Laundry 

See  also  Cleaning 

Laureates  see  Poets  laureate 

Lava 

See  also  Igneous  rocks;  \'olcanoes 

Law 

See  also  Acknowledgments;  Actions  at 
law;  Administrators  and  executors;  Ad- 
miralty; Adoption;  Affidavits;  Agency; 
Agricultural  laws;  Aliens;  Allegiance;  Anec- 
dotes, Legal;  Appeal;  Appraising;  Arbi- 
tration and  award;  Assignments;  Asylum, 
Right  of;  Attachment;  Bail;  Bailments; 
Bankruptcy;  Benefit  of  clergy;  Blue  laws; 
Buildinglaws  ;  Carriers  ;  Chancery ;  Charters  ; 
Church  law;  Civil  law;  Civil  rights;  Com- 
mercial law;  Common  law;  Confiscation; 
Constables;  Constitutional  law;  Constitu- 
tions ;  Contracts  ;  Conveyancing ;  Copyright ; 
Coroners;  Corporation  law;  Costs;  County 
officers;  Courts;  Crime  and  criminals; 
Criminal  law;  Damages;  Debt;  Divorce; 
Domestic  relations;  Easements;  Election 
laws;  Eminent  domain;  Equity;  Evidence; 
Extradition;  Feudalism;  Forms  (in  law); 
Game  laws;  Government;  Guaranties  and 
sureties;  Guardians;  Habeas  corpus;  Im- 
peachment; Inheritance;  Injunctions;  In- 
surance; International  law;  Judges;  Juris- 
diction; Jury;  Justice;  Justices  of  the 
peace;  Labor  laws;  Land;  Landlord  and 
tenant;  Lawyers;  Legacies;  Legal  ethics; 
Legislation;  Libel  and  slander;  Liens; 
Limitations  (law);  Liquor  laws ;  Lynch  law; 
Magistrates;  Mandamus;  Maritime  law; 
Marriage;  Martial  law;  Master  and  servant; 
Medical  jurisprudence;  Military  law;  Min- 
ing laws;  Mortgages;  Mortmain;  Mosaic 
law;  Municipal  corporations;  Municipal 
law;  Natural  law;  Negligence;  Negotiable 
instruments;  Notaries;  Nuisances;  Pardon; 
Parliamentary  practice;  Partnership;  Pat- 
ents; Personal  property;  Petition,  Right  of; 
Pleading  and  practice;  Police;  Police  power; 
Poor  laws;  Possession  (in  law);  Powers 
(law);  Primogeniture;  Probate  law  and 
practice;    Property;    Prostitution;    Punish- 


Refer  from  Latin  literature 

Refer  from  Aryans;  Civilization 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Astronomy,  Spherical 
and  practical;  Degrees  of  latitude  and  longi- 
tude (s) ;  Earth;  Geodesy  ;  Geography  ;  Geog- 
raphy, Mathematical;  Longitude  (s) ;  Nauti- 
cal astronomy;  Navigation 

Refer  from  Doors;  Fret  cutting  (s) ;  Grilles; 
House  decoration;  Windows 

Refer  from  Emotions;  Humor 

Refer  from  Shipbuilding;  Ships 

Refer  from  Cleaning;  Home  economics; 
Washing  (s) 

Refer  from  Igneous  rocks;  Volcanoes 

Refer  from  Civil  law;  Common  law;  Courts; 
Criminal  law;  Ethics;  Government;  Juris- 
prudence (s) ;  Legislation;  Municipal  law; 
Pleading  and  practice;  Professions;  Science; 
Sociology 


213 


Law —  Continued 

ment;  Real  estate;  Receivers;  Rent;  Re- 
straint of  trade;  Riparian  rights;  Sale; 
Salic  law;  School  laws;  Sheriffs;  Social 
contract;  Sovereignty;  Sumptuary  laws; 
Survivorship;  Torts;  Trade-marks;  Trea- 
son; Trespass;  Trials;  Trustees;  Wager  of 
battle;  Wills;  Witnesses;  also  subhead 
Law  under  countries  and  states,  and  under 
various  subjects,  e.g.  Women  —  Law 

Study  and  teaching 

Law  of  nations  see  International  law 

Law  of  nature  see  Natural  law 

Law  of  supply   and   demand   see   Supply   and 

demand 
Lawn  tennis  see  Tennis 
Lawns 

See  also  Grasses 

Lawsuits  see  Actions  at  law 
Lawyers 

See    also    Anecdotes,    Legal;    Chancellors, 
Lord;  Chief  justices;  Judges;  Legal  ethics; 
Magistrates ;  Women  as  lawyers 
Laziness  see  Idleness 
Lead 

See  also   Lead   burning;   Lead    mines   and 
mining;    Lead    poisoning;    Metals;    Pewter; 
Plumbing 
Lead  burning 

See  also  Plumbing 
Lead  mines  and  mining 

Lead  poisoning 

Leadership 

See  also  Executive  ability 

Learned  men  see  Scholars 
Learned  societies 

See  also  Scientific  societies;  also  names  of 
countries    and    cities,    subhead    Learned    in- 
stitutions and  societies 
Learning  see  Culture;  Education;  Knowledge; 

Scholars 
Least  squares 

See  also  Astronomy,   Spherical   and   prac- 
tical ;  Probabilities 


Refer  from  Legal  education  (s) ;  Professional 
education 


Refer  from   Gardening;   Grasses;  Landscape 
gardening 


Refer  from  Attorneys  (s) ;  Bar  (s) ;  Bar- 
risters (s) ;  Biography;  Jurists  (s) ;  Law; 
Solicitors  (s) 


Refer  from  Metals 


Refer  from  Lead;  Plumbing 

Refer  from  Lead;  Mines  and  mineral  re- 
sources 

Refer  from  Lead;  Occupations  —  Diseases 
and  hygiene;  Poisons 

Refer  from  Ability;  Executive  ability; 
Success 


Refer  from  Academies  (learned  societies)  (s) ; 
Scientific  societies;  Societies 


Refer  from  Astronomy,  Spherical  and  practi- 
cal ;  Errors,  Theory  of ;  Geodesy  ;  Mathematics  ; 
Probabilities 


Leather 

See  also  Blacking;  Chemistry,  Technical; 
Boots  and  shoes;  Harness;  Hides  and  skins; 
Leather  work;  Tanning 
Leather  work 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts 

Leaves 

See    also     Botany;     Botany,     Structural; 
Trees 

Lectures  and  lecturing 

See  also  Chalk  talks;  Lyceums;  Oratory; 
Rhetoric 
Lecturing  see  Lectures  and  lecturing 


Refer  from  Animal  products  ;  Boots  and  shoes  ; 
Chemistry,  Technical;  Hides  and  skins;  Man- 
ufactures; Tanning 

Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Fancy  work; 
Leather 

Refer  from  Botany;  Botany,  Structural; 
Foliage  (s) ;  Plants;  Trees 


Refer     from      I'"ducation;      Entertainments; 
Lecturing  (s) ;  Lyceums;  Oratory;  Riieloric 


214 


Left-  and  right-handedness 

See  also  Ambidexterity;  Hand 


Lefthandedness  see  Left-  and  right-handedness 
See  also  Anatomy;  Artificial  limbs 

Legacies 

See    also     Inheritance;     Inheritance    and 
transfer  tax;  Mortmain;  Wills 
Legal  anecdotes  see  Anecdotes,  Legal 
Legal  chemistry  see  Chemistry,  Legal 
Legal  education  see  Law  —  Study  and  teach- 
ing 
Legal  ethics 

Legal  forms  see  Forms  (in  law) 

Legal  holidays  see  Holidays 

Legal  medicine  see  Medical  jurisprudence 

Legal  tender 

See  also  Greenbacks;  Money;  Paper 
money 

Legations  see  Diplomatic  and  consular  service 

Legends 

See  also  Animal  lore;  Arthurian  romances; 
Ballads;  Cross;  Fables;  Fairy  tales;  Faust; 
Folklore;  Grail;  Indians  —  Legends;  Jesus 
Christ — Legends;  IVIary,  Virgin — Le- 
gends; Mythology;  Romances;  Sagas; 
Saints;  Wandering  Jew 

Celtic 

See  also  Folklore,  Celtic 

Japan 

See  also  Folklore  —  Japan 

Legerdemain  see  Conjuring 

Legislation 

See  also  Government;  Law;  Legislative 
bodies;  Lobbying;  Parliamentary  practice; 
Referendum;  Veto 

Legislation,  Direct,  see  Referendum 

Legislative  bodies 

See  also  Committees;  Parliamentary  prac- 
tice; also  names  of  legislative  bodies  under 
countries,  states  and  cities 

Legs  see  Leg 

Legume  inoculation  see  Soil  inoculation 

Leisure 

Leisure  class 

See  also  Class  distinction;  Luxury 


Lenape  Indians  see  Delaware  Indians 
Length,  Standards  of,  see  Standards  of  length 
Lenni  Lenape  see  Delaware  Indians 
Lenses 

See  also  Photographic  optics 

Lent 

See  also  Ash  Wednesday;  Christian  year; 
Easter;    Fasts    and    feasts;    Good     Friday; 
Lloly  week 
Lepers  see  Leprosy 


Refer  from  Ambidexterity;  Habit;  Hand 
Lefthandedness  (s)  ;  Psychology,  Physiological: 
Right-handedness  (s) ;  Righthandedness  (sj 

Refer  from  Anatomy;  Legs  (s) 


Refer  from  Bequests  (s) ;  Inheritance;  Law; 
Wills 


Refer  from   Ethics;  Ethics,  Legal  (s) ;  Law; 
Lawyers;  Professional  ethics  (s) 


Refer  from  Bank  notes;  Coinage;  Fiat 
money  (s)  ;  Greenbacks;  Money;  Paper  money 

Refer  from  Ballads;  Fiction;  Folklore; 
Literature;  Mythology;  Romances;  Saints; 
Stories  (s) ;  Superstition;  Traditions  (s) 


Refer  from   Celtic  legends    (s) ;   Celts;   Folk- 
lore, Celtic 

Refer  from  Folklore  —  Japan;  Japan  —  Le- 
gends (s) ;  Japanese  legends  (s) 


Refer  from  Government;  Law 


Refer  from  Committees;  Constitutional  law; 
Government ;  Legislation  ;  Parliamentary  prac- 
tice; Representative  government  and  repre- 
sentation 


Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Simple  life 

Rejer  from  Class  distinction;  Economics; 
Labor  and  laboring  classes  ;  Luxury ;  Privileged 
classes;  Social  ethics;  Sociology;  Wealth 


Refer  from  Aberration;  Optical  instruments; 
Photograpliic  optics;  Photograpliy  ;  Spectacles 

Refer  from  Ash  Wednesday  ;  Catholic  church  ; 
Christian  year;  Easter;  Fasting;  Fasts  and 
feasts;  Good  Friday;  Holy  week 


215 


Lepidoptera 

See  also  Butterflies;  Caterpillars;  Insects; 
Moths 
Leprosy 

Letter  writing 

See     also     Commercial      correspondence; 
Etiquet ;  Rhetoric 

Lettering 

See  also  Illumination  of  manuscripts  and 
books;  Monograms;  Sign  painting 


Letters 

American 

English 

Letters  (of  the  alphabet)  see  Alphabet 
Letters  of  marque  see  Privateering 
Letters  patent  see  Patents 
Leucopathy  see  Albinos  and  albinism 
Levant 

See    also    Asia    Minor;    East;    Palestine; 
Turkey 
Levees  see  Embankments 
Leveling  see  Surveying 
Lewis  and  Clark  expedition 


Lexicons  see  Dictionaries;  also  names  of  lan- 
guages and  subjects,  subhead  Dictionaries 

Liability^  Employers',  see  Employers'  liability 

Libel  and  slander 

See  also  Liberty  of  speech;  Liberty  of  the 
press;  Torts 


Liberalism 

See  also  Modernism;  L^nitarianism 

Liberty 

See  also  Anarchism  and  anarchists; 
Assembly,  Right  of;  Democracy;  Equality; 
Free  institutions;  Liberty  of  conscience; 
Liberty  of  speech;  Liberty  of  the  press; 
Natural  law;  Religious  liberty;  Slavery 
Liberty  of  conscience 

See  also  Church  and  state;  Dissenters; 
Heresy;  Persecution;  Private  judgment; 
Public  opinion;  Religious  liberty 


Liberty  of  speech 

See  also  Assembly,  Right  of;  Libel  and 
slander;  Liberty  of  the  press 

Liberty  of  the  press 

See  also  Journalism;  Libel  and  slander; 
Liberty  of  speech;  Newspapers;  Prohibited 
books;  Public  opinion 


Refer    from    Butterflies 
sects  ;  Motlis 

Refer  from  Lepers  (s) ;  Medicine 
Skin  —  Diseases 


Caterpillars;     In- 
Practice : 


Libcrlv  of  the  will 


Freedom  of  the  wi 


Refer  from  Composition  (English);  Composi- 
tion (rhetoric)  (s) ;  Correspondence  (s) ;  Eti- 
quet; Rhetoric;  Writing 

Refer  from  Alphabet;  Alphabets  (s) ;  Deco- 
ration and  ornament;  Design,  Decorative; 
Illumination  of  manuscripts  and  books;  Ini- 
tials; Alechanical  drawing;  Monograms;  Orna- 
mental alphabets  (s) ;  Painting,  Mechanical; 
Penmanship;  Sign  painting;  Writing 

Refer  from  Correspondence  (s) ;  Literature 

Refer  from  American  letters  (s) ;  American 
literature 

Refer  from  English  letters  (s) ;  English  lit- 
erature 


Refer  from  Asia  ;  Asia  Minor ;  East ;  Palestine  ; 

Turkey 


Refer  from  Louisiana  purchase;  Missouri 
River;  U.  S. —  Exploring  expeditions;  Western 
states 


Refer  from  Calumny  (s) ;  Damages;  Def- 
amation (s) ;  Journalism;  Law;  Liberty  of 
speech;  Liberty  of  the  press;  Slander  (s) ; 
Torts 

Refer  from  Government;  Politics;  Theology; 
Unitarianism 

Refer  from  Civil  liberty  (s) ;  Democracy; 
Despotism;  Equality;  Ethics;  Free  institu- 
tions; Freedom  (s) ;  Government;  People; 
Personal  liberty  (s) ;  Philosophy;  Religious 
liberty 

Refer  from  Church  and  state;  Church  polity; 
Conscience;  Ethics;  Free  religion;  Heresy; 
Intolerance  (s) ;  Liberty;  Persecution;  Private 
j  udgment ;  Religious  liberty ;  Theology ;  Tolera- 
tion (s) 

Refer  from  Assembly,  Right  of;  Free 
speech  (s)  ;  Libel  and  slander;  Liberty  ;  Liberty 
of  the  press;  Speech 

Refer  from  Censorship  of  the  press  (s) ;  Free- 
dom of  the  press  (s) ;  Journalism;  Libel  and 
slander;  Liberty;  Liberty  of  speech;  News- 
papers ;  Periodicals  ;  Press  (s) ;  Prohibited  books 


216 


Librarians 

See  also  Library  administration 
Librarianship     see     Library      administration; 

Library  science 
Libraries 

•SV^"  also  Bibliography;  Book  clubs;  Book 
collecting;  Books;  Books  and  reading; 
Catalogs,  Library;  Fiction  in  libraries; 
Home  libraries;  Librarians;  Mechanics' 
institutes;  Medical  libraries;  Reference 
books;  School  libraries;  Sheh'ing  (for 
books);  Sunday  school  libraries;  Taxation, 
Exemption  from;  also  headings  beginning 
Libraries  and  Librarj,',  names  of  libraries, 
and  names  of  cities,  subhead  Libraries 

Children's 

See  also  Children's  literature ;  Libraries 
and  schools;  School  libraries 


College 

Home,  see  Home  libraries 

Medical,  see  Medical  libraries 

Municipal  reference 

^ — Private 

See  also  Book  collecting 

Public 

School,  see  School  libraries 

Sunday  school,  see  Sunday  school  libraries 

Traveling 

See  also  Librarv  post 

U.S. 

University,    see    Libraries,    College 

Libraries,  and  children  see  Libraries,  Children's 
Libraries  and  fiction  see  Fiction  in  libraries 
Libraries  and  pictures 
Libraries  and  schools 

See  also  Children's  literature;  Libraries, 
Children's ;  School  libraries 

Library  administration 

See     also     Fiction     in     libraries;     Library 
science 
Library  architecture 

See  also  Shelving  (for  books) 

Library  buildings  see  Library  architecture 
Library  bulletins 

Library  catalogs  see  Catalogs,  Library 
Library  commissions 
Library  cctjnomy  see  Library  science 
Library  fittings  and  supplies 

See  also  Sheh'ing  (for  books) 
Library  laws 
Library  post 

See  also  Parcels  post 

Library  schools  and  training 
Library  science 

See  also  Bibliography;  Bookbinding; 
Cataloging;  Classification;  Libraries;  Li- 
brary administration;  Library  bulletins; 
Library  schools  and  training 


Refer  from  Biography;  Libraries 


Refer  from  Bibliography;  Books;  Books  and 
reading;  Circulating  libraries  (s) ;  Education; 
Library  science;  Literature 


Refer  from  Child  study;  Children;  Chil- 
dren's libraries  (s) ;  Children's  literature;  Li- 
braries and  children  (s) ;  Libraries  and  schools; 
Schools  and  libraries  (s) 

Refer  from  College  libraries  fs) ;  Libraries, 
University  (s) ;  University  libraries  (s) 


Refer  from  Municipal  reference  libraries  (s) 

Refer    from     Book     collecting;     Private     li- 
braries (s) 

Refer  from  Public  libraries  (s) 


Refer  from  Traveling  libraries  (s) 
Refer'from  U.  S. —  Libraries  (s) 


Refer  from  Pictures 

Refer  from  Children's  literature;  Education; 
Libraries,  Children's;  Public  schools;  School 
libraries;  Schools;  Schools  and  libraries  (s) 

Refer  from  Librarians;  Librarianship  (s) ; 
Library  science 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Library  build- 
ings (s) ;  Public  buildings 

Refer  from  Advertising;  Bulletins,  Li- 
brary (s) ;  Library  science 


Refer  from  Furniture 


Refer  from.  Libraries,  Traveling;  Parcels 
post ;  Postal  service 

Refer  from  Library  science;  Library  train- 
ing (s) ;  Professional  education 

Refer  from  Cataloging;  Classification;  Li- 
brarianship (s) ;  Library  administration;  Li- 
brary economy  (s) ;  Professions 


217 


Library    training     see     Library     schools     and 

training 
Librettos  see  Opera  —  Librettos 
I,icense  system  see  Liquor  laws;  Liquor  traffic 
Lichens 

See  also  Cryptogams 
Liens 

See  also  Attachment;  Mortgages 


Lies  see  Lying 

Life  [for  use  when  neither  Biology  nor  Conduct 
of  life  is  applicable] 
See  also  Animism;  Biology;  Christian 
life  and  character;  Conduct  of  life;  Death; 
Ethics;  Future  life;  Hygiene;  Longevity; 
Man;  Philosophy;  Spiritual  life;  Standard 
of  living;  Vital  statistics;  Vitalism 

Origin 

See  also    Biology;   Spontaneous   genera- 
tion 
Life-boats  see  Lifeboats 

Life  in  other  worlds  see  Plurality  of  worlds 
Life  insurance  see  Insurance,  Life 
Life-saving 

See  also  Accidents;   Beacons;   Drowning; 
Firemen;  Fires;  First  aid  in  illness  and  in- 
jury;    Lifeboats;     Lighthouses;     Lightning 
conductors;  Safety  devices;  Shipwrecks 
Lifeboats 

Lifts  see  Elevators;  Hoisting  machinery 

Light 

See  also  Aberration;  Absorption  of  light; 
Color;.  Color  blindness;  Diffraction;  Ether 
(of  space);  Eye;  Heliotropism ;  Interference 
(light);  Lighting;  Magneto-optics;  N  rays; 
Optical  illusions;  Optical  instruments;  Per- 
spective ;  Phosphorescence  ;  Photochemistry ; 
Photography;  Photometry;  Phototherapy; 
Physics;  Polarization  (light);  Radiation; 
Radioactivity;  Rainbow;  Reflection  (light); 
Refraction;  Sight;  Spectra;  Spectrum  anal- 
ysis; Sun;  X  rays;  Zodiacal  light 

Light  cure  see  Phototherapy 

Light  operas  see  Operettas 

Lighthouses 

See  also  Beacons 


Lighting 

See  also  Acetylene;  Candles;  Car  heating, 
lighting  and  ventilation;  Electric  lighting; 
Gas;  Gas  lighting;  Incandescent  gas-light- 
ing; Lamps;  Lighthouses;  Petroleum; 
Photometry;  also  names  of  cities,  subhead 
Lighting 

Lightning 

.S'(-('  also  Atmospheric  electricity;  Electric- 
ity;  Lightning  conductors;  Thunderstorms 

Lightning  conductors 

Lightning  rods  see  Lightning  conductors 
Lignite 

See  also  Briquets;  Coal 


Refer  from  Cryptogams;  Mosses 

Refer  from  Attachment;  Assignments;  Bail- 
ments; Commercial  law;  Incumbrances  (s) ; 
Law;  Mechanics'  liens  (s) ;  Property;  Real 
estate 


Refer  fro7n   Conduct  of  life;   Ethics;   Man; 
Metaphysics ;  Philosophy 


Refer  from    Biology;    Evolution;    Origin    of 
life  (s) 


Refer    from     Accidents;     Drowning;     Ship- 
wrecks 


Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Life-boats  (s) ; 
Life-saving;  Navigation;  Shipwrecks 


Refer  from  Aberration;  Absorption  of  light; 
Color;  Diffraction;  Eye;  Interference  (light); 
Optics  (s) ;  Photometry;  Physics;  Radiation; 
Reflection  (light);  Refraction;  Senses  and 
sensation;  Spectra;  Vibration;  Waves 


Refer  from  Beacons;  Civil  engineering; 
Hydraulic  engineering;  Life-saving;  Light- 
ing; Navigation 

Refer  from  Illumination  (s) ;  Light;  Munici- 
pal improvement;  Street  lighting  (s) 


Refer  from  Accidents;  Atmospheric  electric- 
ity ;  Electricity ;  Meteorology  ;  Thunderstorms 

Refer  from  Electric  conductors;  Life-saving; 
Lightning;  Lightning  rods  (s) ;  Safely  devices 


Refer  from  Coal;  l'"uel 


2l8 


Lilies 

See  also  Floriculture 
Lily  see  Lilies 
Lime 

See  also  Cement 
Limericks 

.S';-;-  also  Nonsense  verse 
Limestone 

See  also  Building  stones;  Chalk;  ^L'lrble 
Limitations  (law) 

See  also  Possession  (in  law) 

Limnobiology  see  Fresh-water  life 
Linen 

See    also    Fibers;    Flax;    Hemp;    Textile 
industry  and  fabrics 
Linguistics  see  Language 
Link  motion 

See   also   Mechanical   movements;   Valves 
and  valve  gears 
Linoleum 

Linotype  see  Typesetting  machines 
Lions 

See  also  Carnivora 
Lip  reading 

See  also  Deaf  and  dumb 
Liquefaction  of  gases 

See  also  Chemistry,  Physical;  Liquid  air 

Liqueurs  see  Liquors 
Liquid  air 

See  also  Chemistry,  Physical;  Liquefaction 
of  gases 


Liquid  fuel 

See  also  Alcohol,  Denatured  ;  Gas  and  oil 
engines;  Gasoline;  Petroleum 
Liquids 

See  also  Boiling  points;  Capillarity; 
Fluids;  Hydraulics;  Hydrodynamics;  Hy- 
drostatics; Jets;  Liquid  air;  Liquid  fuel; 
Soap  bubbles;  Solution  (chemistry); 
Splashes ;  Viscosity 
Liquor  habit  see  Alcoholism;  Liquor  problem 
Liquor  laws 

See  also  Dispensary  system;  Gothenburg 
system;     Internal     revenue     laws;     Liquor 
traffic;  Local  option;  Prohibition 
Liquor  problem 

See  also  Alcoholism ;  Canteens  (army) ; 
Liquor  laws;  Liquor  traffic;  Local  option; 
Prohibition;  Temperance 


Liquor  traffic 

See     also     Brewing;     Canteens     (army); 
Dispensary    system;    Gothenburg    system; 
Liquor    laws;    Liquor    problem;    Local  op- 
tion; Prohibition;  Temperance 
Liquors 

See  also  Adulterations;  Alcohol;  Ale; 
Beer;  Beverages;  Brandy;  Brewing;  Dis- 
tillation; Fermentation;  Kumiss;  Temper- 
ance ;  Wine 


Refer  from  Floriculture;  Flowers;  Lily  (s) 

Refer  from  Cement;  Fertilizers  and  manures 

Refer  from  Humor;  Nonsense  verse 

Refer  from  Building  stones;  Chalk;  Rocks 

Refer  from    Actions    at    law;    Debt;    Law; 
Possession  (in  law);  Statute  of  limitations  (s) 


Refer   from    Fibers;    Flax;    Hemp;    Textile 
Industry  and  fabrics 


Refer  from   Mechanical   movements;    Steam 
engines;  Valves  and  valve  gears 

Refer  from  Carpets;  Floors;  IManufac.ures 


Refer  from  Carnivora;  Hunting 

Refer  from  Deaf  and  dumb;  Speech 

Refer    from     Chemistry,     Physical;     Gases; 
Heat;  Liquid  air;  Physics 


Refer  from  Air;  Air,  Liquid  (s) ;  Chemistry, 
Physical;  Liquefaction  of  gases;  Liquids; 
Physics;  Refrigeration  and  refrigerating  ma- 
chinery 

Refer  from  Fuel;  Gas  and  oil  engines; 
Liquids;  Marine  engines;  Petroleum 

Refer  from  Capillarity;  Fluids;  Mechanics; 
Physics 


Refer  from  High  license  (s) ;  Law;  License 
system  (s) ;  Liquor  problem;  Liquor  traffic; 
Local  option;  Prohibition;  Temperance 

Refer  from  Alcohol;  Alcoholism;  Drink 
question  (s) ;  Drunkenness  (s) ;  Inebriates  (s) ; 
Intemperance  (s) ;  Intoxication  (s) ;  Liquor 
habit  (s) ;  Liquor  traffic;  Local  option;  Pro- 
hibition; Saloons  (s) ;  Social  problems;  Tem- 
perance 

Refer  from  Alcohol;  High  license  (s) ;  Li- 
cense system  (s) ;  Liquor  laws  ;  Liquor  problem ; 
Saloons  (s) ;  Temperance 


Refer  from  Adulterations;  Agricultural  prod- 
ucts; Alcohol;  Ale;  Beer;  Beverages  ;  Brandy  ; 
Brewing;  Distillation;  Drinks  (s) ;  Food; 
Intoxicants   (s) ;   Liqueurs   (s) ;   Manufactures; 


219 


Litanies 

See  also  Liturgies 
Literary    blunders    see    Errors    and    blunders 

Literary- 
Literary  collaboration  see  Collaboration 
Literary  criticism  see  Critisicm;  Literature  — 

History  and  criticism 
Literary  forgeries  and  mystifications 

See  also  Errors  and  blunders,  Literary; 
Plagiarism;  Shakespeare,  William — For- 
geries 

Literary    frauds    see    Literary    forgeries     and 
mystifications 

Literary  history  see  Bibliography;   Literature 
—  History  and  criticism 

Literary  men  see  Authors ;  Students 

Literary  property  see  Copyright 

Literary  societies 

See  also  Study  clubs 

Literature 

See  also  Allegories;  Allusions;  Anagrams; 
Anecdotes;  Art  in  literature;  Authors; 
Authorship;  Ballads;  Bestiaries;  Bible  — 
Literary  character;  Bibliography;  Books; 
Books  and  reading;  Booksellers  and  book- 
selling; Catholic  literature;  Chapbooks; 
Children  in  literature  and  art;  Children's 
literature;  Classicism;  Commonplace  books; 
Copyright;  Criticism;  Dialogues;  Drama; 
Editorials;  Emblems;  Epigrams;  Epitaphs; 
Errors  and  blunders,  Literary;  Essays;  Es- 
thetics; Fables;  Fairy  tales;  Fiction;  Folk- 
lore; Horn  books;  Humanism;  Humor; 
Hymns;  Idealism  in  literature;  Indexes; 
Inscriptions;  Journalism;  Language;  Le- 
gends; Letters;  Libraries;  Literary  forgeries 
and  mystifications;  Manuscripts;  Maxims; 
Mottoes;  Naturalism  in  literature;  Nature 
in  literature;  Newspapers;  Orations;  Paro- 
dies; Periodicals;  Plagiarism;  Plots  (drama, 
novel,  etc.);  Poetry;  Printing;  Prose;  Prov- 
erbs; Publishers  and  publishing;  Quota- 
tions; Readers;  Realism  in  literature;  Reci- 
tations and  readings;  Religious  literature; 
Renaissance;  Rhetoric;  Riddles;  Romances; 
Romanticism;  Sacred  books;  Sagas;  Satire; 
Sermons;  Short  stories;  Symbolism  in  litera- 
ture; Tracts;  Translation;  Women  in  litera- 
ture and  art;  also  names  of  literatures  and 
groups  of  literatures,  e.g.  American  literature  ; 
Celtic  literature ;  Classical  literature ;  English 
literature;  European  literature;  Oriental 
literature  ;  Romance  literature  ;  Scandinavian 
literature;  Slavic  literature 

Collections 

See  also  Recitations  and  readings 

History  and  criticism 

See  also  Book  reviews;  Criticism 


Spirituous  liquors(s)  ;  Stimulants  ;  Temperance  ; 
W'ine 

Refer  from  Liturgies;  Prayers;  Worship 


Refer  from  Errors  and  blunders,  Literary; 
Forgeries  (s) ;  Forgery;  Frauds,  Literary  (s) ; 
Imposture;    Literary    frauds    (s) ;    Literature; 

Plagiarism 


Refer  from  Societies;  Study  clubs 

Refer  from  Authors;  Belles-lettres  (s)  ; 
Bibliography;  Books;  Books  and  reading; 
Drama;  European  literature;  Language;  Poet- 
ry ;  Prose 


Immoral 

AIcdie\al 


Middle  ages  —  Literature 


Refer  from  Recitations  and  readings 

Refer  from  Appraisal  of  books  (s)  ;  Book 
reviews;  Books  —  Appraisal  (s) ;  Criticism; 
Evaluation  of  literature  (s) ;  Literary  criti- 
cism (s) ;  Literary  history  (s) 

Refer  from  Ethics;  Immoral  literature  (s) 


Literature  —  Continued 

Study  and  teaching 

Lithography 

See  also  Chromolithography ;  Engraving; 
Photolithography;  Zincography 

Lithology  see  Pv.ocks 

Lithozincography  see  Zincography 

Littoral  rights  see  Riparian  rights 

Liturgies 

See  also  Brev^iaries;  Church  services; 
Hymns;  Litanies;  IVIass;  Missals;  Prayer 
books;  Prayers;  I^esponslve  worship;  Rites 
and  ceremonies;  Ritualism;  Worship;  also 
names  of  churches,  e.g.  Catholic  church  — 
Liturgy  and  ritual,  Church  of  England  — 
Liturgy  and  ritual 

Live  stock 

See  also  Barns  and  stables;  Breeding; 
Cattle;  Cowboys;  Cows;  Domestic  animals; 
Feeding  and  feeding  stuifs  ;  Grazing;  Horse; 
Insurance,  Casualty;  Oxen;  Poultry;  Sheep; 
Swine;  Veterinary    medicine 

Transportation,  see  Animals  —  Transpor- 
tation 

Liver 

See  also  Digestive  system;  Glands 


Refer  from    Art;    Chromolithography;    En- 
graving 


Refer  from  Breviaries;  Church  ceremo- 
nies (s) ;  Church  music;  Church  services;  De- 
votional exercises';  Litanies;  Missals;  Prayer 
books;  Prayers;  Religious  services  (s) ;  Re- 
sponsive worship;  Rites  and  ceremonies; 
Ritual  (s) ;  Service-books  (s) ;  Worship 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Animal  industry  (s) ; 
Breeding;  Cattle;  Domestic  animals;  Farm 
animals  (s) ;  Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs;  Horse; 
Oxen;  Sheep;  Stock  breeding  (s) ;  Stock  farm- 
ing (s) ;  Stock  raising  (s) ;  Swine 


Refer   from    Abdomen;     Digestive    system; 
Glands ;  Viscera 


Livery 

Lives  see  Biography;  also  names  of  individuals 
and  classes  of  persons 

Living,  Cost  of,  see  Cost  of  living 

Living,  Standard  of,  see  Standard  of  living 

Living  expenses  see  Cost  of  living 

Loadstone  see  Lodestone 

Loan  associations  see  Building  and  loan  asso- 
ciations 

Loans 

See  also  Debt;  Finance;  Interest;  In- 
vestments ;  Alortgages ;  Repudiation ;  Se- 
curities 

Lobbying 

See  also  Political  corruption 

Local  government 

See  also  Boroughs;  Cities;  Coroners; 
County  officers;  Gilds;  Home  rule;  Munici- 
pal government;  Town  meeting;  Town  offi- 
cers; Towns;  Village  communities;  Villages 

Local  option 

See  also  Liquor  laws;  Liquor  problem; 
Prohibition 

Lockjaw  see  Tetanus 

Lockouts  see  Strikes  and  lockouts 

Locks  (canals)  see  Canals  —  Locks 

Locks  and  keys 

Locomotion 

^6'^  also  Aeronautics;  Animal  locomotion; 
Automobiles;  Boats  and  boating;  Carriages; 
Coaches  and  coaching;  Cycling;  Driving; 
Flight;  Horsemanship;  Navigation;  Row- 
ing; Running;  Sailing;  Skating;  Transpor- 
tation; Travel;  Walking 


Refer    from     Costume;      Gilds;     Servants; 
Uniforms 


Refer  from  Commerce;  Credit;  Debt;  Debts, 
Public;  Finance;  Investments 


Refer  from  Legislation;  Political  corruption; 
Politics 

Refer  frot7i  Boroughs;  County  officers; 
Government;  Municipal  government;  Self- 
government  (s) ;  State  governments;  Town 
meeting;  Towns;  Village  communities;  Vil- 
lages 

Refer  from  County  option  (s) ;  Liquor  laws; 
Liquor  problem;  Liquor  traffic;  Prohibition; 
Temperance 


Refer  from  Hardware;  Keys  (s) 
Refer  from  Motion 


Locomotives 

See  also  Electric  locomotives;   Railroads: 
Steam  engines;  Traction  engines 


Locusts 

See  also  Cicadas;  Orthoptera 

Lodestone 

Lodging  houses 

See  also  Hotels 

Log  cabins 

Logarithms 

See   also    I'^unctions;    Mathematics  —  Ta- 
bles,  etc.;  Slide  rule;  Surveying;  Trigonom- 
etry 
Logging  see  Lumber  and  lumbering 
Logic 

See   also   Analogy;    Certainty;    Debating; 
Evidence;  Fallacies;  Probabilities;  Reason 


Lollards 

Longevity 

See  also  Old  age;  Vital  statistics 


Longitude  see  Latitude  and  longitude 
Looking-glasses  see  Mirrors 
Looms. 

See  also  Weaving 

Lord  chancellors  see  Chancellors,  Lord 
Lord's  prayer 

See  also  Bible  —  New  Testament  —  Mat- 
thew ;  Bible  —  New  Testament  —  Luke 

Lord's  supper 

See  also  Church  membership;  Close  com- 
munion; Jesus  Christ;  Mass;  Passover; 
Sacraments;  Transubstantiation 


Lost  tribes  of  Israel  see  Jews  —  Lost  tribes 
Lotteries 

See  also  Probabilities 

Lotus 

Louisiana  purchase 

.SV('     also     Lewis     and     Clark  expedition ; 
Mississippi  Valley;  U.  S. —  History —  1783- 
1812 
Louvre 

See  also  Paris  —  Galleries  and  museums 

Lev  3 

See  also  Charity;  Courtship;   Friendship; 
Jealousy;  Love  poetry;  Marriage;  Mothers 


Refer  from  Engines;  Machinery;  Mechani- 
cal engineering;  Motors;  Railroads;  Railroads 
—  Equipment  and  supplies;  Railroads  — 
Rolling  stock;  Steam  engines 

Refer  from  Grasshoppers  (s) ;  Insects,  In- 
jurious and  beneficial;  Orthoptera 

Refer  from  Iron  ores;  Loadstone  (s) ;  Mag- 
netism; Magnetite  (s) 

Refer  from  Apartment  houses;  Hotels; 
Housing  problem;  Tenement  houses 

Refer  fro?n  Architecture,  Domestic;  Cabins, 
Log  (s) ;  Cottages 

Refer  from  Algebra  ;  Mathematics  —  Tables, 
etc.;  Surveying;  Tables,  Mathematical  (s) ; 
Trigonometry 


Refer  from  Argument  (s) ;  Debating;  Dia- 
lectics (s) ;  Evidence;  Fallacies;  Induction 
(logic)  (s) ;  Intellect;  Philosophy;  Probabili- 
ties; Proof  (s) ;  Psychology;  Reason;  Reason- 
ing (s) ;  Science;  Syllogisms  (s) ;  Thought  and 
thinking 

Refer  from  England  —  Religious  history; 
Sects 

Refer  from  Age;  Aged  (s) ;  Biology;  Cen- 
tenarians (s) ;  Hygiene;  Life;  Man;  Old  age; 
Pathology;  Physiology 


Refer  from     Machinery;    Textile    factories; 
Weaving 


Refer  from  Bible;  Bible — New  Testament 
—  Matthew;  Bible  —  New  Testament —  Luke; 
Devotional  exercises;  Prayer;  Prayers 

Refer  from  Altars;  Christian  antiquities; 
Church  membership;  Church  polity;  Close 
communion;  Communion  (s) ;  Confirmation; 
Devotional  exercises;  Eucharist  (s) ;  Jesus 
Christ;  Mass;  Passover;  Real  presence  (s) ; 
Sacraments;  Theology;  Transubstantiation 


Refer   from    Crime    and    criminals;    Ethics; 
Gambling 

Refer  from  Egypt —  Religion;  Flowers 

Refer  from    U.    S. —  Annexations;    U.    S. — 
History  —  1783-1812 


Refer  from  Art  —  Galleries  and  museums; 
Palaces;  Paris  —  Galleries  and  museums 

Refer  from  Affection  (s)  ;  Charity;  Court- 
ship; Emotions;  Ethics;  Friendship  ;  Jealousy  ; 
Marriage;  Women 


Lo\'e,  Courts  of,  see  Courts  of  lo\'e 

Love  poetry 

Low  German  language 

See  also  Dutch  language;  Flemish  lan- 
guage; Germanic  languages;  Old  Saxon 
language 

Lower  Silurian  period  see  Geology,  Stratigraph- 
ic  —  Ordovician 

Loyalists,  American 

See  also  U.  S. —  History  —  Revolution 


Loyalty 

See  also  Patriotism 

Lubricants  see  Lubrication  and  lubricants 
Lubrication  and  lubricants 

See  also  Bearings  (machinery);  Friction; 
Oils  and  fats 

Lucerne  (plant)  see  Alfalfa 

Luck  see  Chance;  Fate  and  fatalism;  Success 

Luddites 

See  also  Machinery  in  industry 

Luggage  see  Baggage 
Lullabies 

Lumber  and  lumbering 

See  also  Forests  and  forestry;  Sawmills; 
Timber;  Woodworking  machinery 

Lumbering  see  Lumber  and  lumbering 

Luminiferous  ether  see  Ether  (of  space) 

Lunacy  see  Insanity 

Lunar  eclipses  see  Eclipses 

Lunar  theory  see  Moon 

Lunatic  asylums  see  Insane  hospitals 

Luncheons 

See  also  Cookery;  Menus;  Sandwiches; 
School  lunches 

Lungs 

See  also  Auscultation;  Breathing;  Cough; 
Pneumonia;  Respiratory  organs;  Tuberculo- 
sis 

Lutheran  church 

See  also  Germany — Religious  history; 
Reformation  —  Germany 

Luxations  see  Dislocations 
Luxury 

See  also  Consumption  (economics) ;  Leisure 
class;  Standard  of  living;  Sumptuary  laws; 
Wealth 
Lycanthropy  see  Werwolves 
Lyceums 

See  also  Lectures  and  lecturing 

Lying 

See  also  Equivocation;  Truth 

Ljmch  law 

See  also  Vigilance  committees 


Refer  from  Love;  Poetry;  Poetry  of  love  (s) 

Refer  from  German  language — Dialects; 
Germanic  languages;  Old  Saxon  language; 
Plattdeutsch  (s) 


Refer  from  American  loyalists  (s) ;  Biography  ; 
Tories,  American  (s) ;  United  empire  loyal- 
ists (s) ;  U.  S. —  Biography;  U.  S. —  History  — 
ReV'olution 

Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Ethics;  Fidel- 
ity (s) ;  Patriotism 


Refer  from  Bearings  (machinery);  Friction; 
Grease  (s) ;  Lubricants  (s) ;  Machinery; 
Mechanical  engineering;  Oils  and  fats 


Refer  from  Labor  and  laboring  classes  — ■ 
England;  Machinery  in  industry 

Refer  from  Cradle  songs  (s) ;  Folk  songs; 
Slumber  songs  (s) ;  Songs 

Refer  from  Clearing  of  land  ;  Forest  products  ; 
Forests  and  forestry;  Logging  (s) ;  Lumber- 
ing (s) ;  Timber;  Trees;  Wood 


Refer  from  Cookery;  Eating;  Entertaining; 
Home  economics;  Meals  (s) ;  Menus;  Table 

Refer  from  Breathing;  Chest;   Pneumonia; 
Respiratory  organs;  Tuberculosis 


Refer  from  Evangelical  Lutheran  church  (s) ; 
Germany — Religious  history;  Reformation  — 
Germany;  Sects 


Refer  from  Economics;  Leisure  class;  Stand- 
ard of  living;  Wealth 


Refer  from  Education;  Lectures  and  lectur- 
ing 

Refer  from  Equivocation;  Ethics;  False- 
hood (s) ;  Lies  (s) ;  Truth 

Refer  from  Capital  punishment;  Crime  and 
criminals;  Crowds;  Law;  Lynching  (s) ; 
Mobs  (s) ;  Riots;  Vigilance  committees 


223 


Lynching  see  L}Tich  law 
Lyric  poetry 

See  also  Ballads;  Hymns;  Minnesingers: 
Odes;  Songs;  Sonnets 

^Llcadamized  roads  see  Roads,  Macadamized 

Macaronic  verse 

Machine  design 

See  also  Bearings  (machinery);  Belting; 
Bolts  and  nuts;  Cams;  Chains;  Drafting 
room  practice;  Gearing;  Machine  shop 
practice;  IVIachinery;  Alechanical  drawing; 
Mechanical  movements;  Screws 

ALachine  guns  see  Guns 
Machine  shop  management 

iSif^  also  Machine  shop  practice;  Scientific 
management 


Machine  shop  practice 

See  also  Drafting  room  practice;  Drilling 
(perforating);  Dynamos;  Engines;  Forging; 
Foundry  work;  Grinding  and  polishing; 
Lathes;  Machine  design;  Machine  shop 
management;  Machine  tools;  Machinery; 
Mechanical  engineering;  Pattern  making; 
Planing  machines  ;Sheet-metal  work  ;Welding 
Machine  shops 

See     also     Machine     shop     management; 
Machine  shop  practice 
Machine  tools 

See  also  Abrasives ;  Drilling  (perforating) ; 
Electric  driving;  Grinding  and  polishing; 
Lathes;  Machine  shop  practice;  Milling 
machines;  Planing  machines;  Punching 
machinery;  Screw  machines;  Tool  steel 
Machinery 

See  also  Bearings  (machinery);  Belting; 
Calculating  machines;  Conveying  ma- 
chinery; Cranes,  derricks,  etc.;  Cranks  (ma- 
chinery); Electric  engineering;  Electric 
machinery;  Engineering;  Engines;  Excavat- 
ing machinery;  Fans,  Mechanical;  Farm 
implements  and  machinery;  Friction;  Gear- 
ing; Hoisting  machinery;  Hydraulic  en- 
gineering; Hydraulic  machinery;  Inven- 
tions; Kinematics;  Lathes;  Locomotives; 
Looms;  Lubrication  and  lubricants;  Ma- 
chine design;  Machine  shop  practice;  Ma- 
chine tools;  Machinery  in  industry;  Manu- 
factures; Mechanical  engineering;  Mechani- 
cal movements;  Mechanics;  Milling  ma- 
chines ;  Mills  and  millwork;  Mining  machin- 
ery ;  Motors ;  Patents  ;  Pattern  making  ;  Plan- 
ing machines;  Power  transmission;  Printing 
presses;  Pulleys;  Pumps;  l^cfrigeration  and 
refrigerating  machinery;  Screw  machines; 
Screws;  Sewing  machines;  Shafting;  Steam 
engines  ;  Tabulating  machines  ;  Timekeepers  ; 
Tools;  Typesetting  machines;  Valves  and 
valve  gears;  \\'ater  wheels;  Wheels;  Wind- 
mills; Woodworking  machinery 
Machinery  in  industry 

See  also  Luddites 


Refer  from  Ballads;  Odes;  Poetry;  Songs; 
Sonnets 

Refer  from  Humor;  Poetry 

Refer  from  Bearings  (machinery);  Belting; 
Bolts  and  nuts;  Cams;  Chains;  Design, 
Machine  (s) ;  Drafting  room  practice  ;  Gearing ; 
Machine  shop  practice;  Machinery;  Mechani- 
cal drawing;  Mechanical  engineering;  Mechani- 
cal movements;  Mechanics,  Applied;  Screws 


Refer  from  Machine  shop  practice;  Machine 
shops  ;  Management  of  factories,  shops,  etc.  (s) ; 
Scientific  management;  Shop  management  (s) ; 
Works  management  (s) 

Refer  from  Drilling  (perforating) ;  Grinding 
and  polishing;  Industrial  arts;  Lathes;  Ma- 
chine design;  IVIachine  shop  management; 
Machine  shops;  Alachine  tools;  Machinery; 
IMechanical  engineering;  Shop  practice  (sj 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Shops  (s) 


Refer  from  Lathes;  Alachine  shop  practice; 
Machinery;  Mechanical  engineering;  Milling 
machines;  Planing  machines;  Screw  machines; 
Tools 


Refer  from  Engineering;  Industrial  arts; 
Instruments;  Machine  design;  Machine  shop 
practice;  Alachines  (s) ;  Manual  training; 
Manufactures;  Mechanical  engineering;  Me- 
chanical movements;  Alechanics;  Mechan- 
ism (s) ;  Mills  and  millwork;  Alotors ;  Power; 
Power  transmission;  Tools;  Wheels 


Refer  from  Industry;  Labor  and  laboring 
classes;  Labor  and  machinery  (s)  ;  Luddites; 
Machinery;  Manufactures 


224 


Machines  see  Machinery- 
Madness  see  Insanity 
Madonna  see  Mary,  Virgin;  Madonnas 
Madonnas 

See  also  Christian  art  and  symbolism 


Maffia  see  Mafia 
Mafia 

See  also  Camorra;  Sicily 

Magazines  see  Periodicals 
Magi 


Magic 

See    also    Conjuring; 
sciences;  Witchcraft 


Evil 


Occult 


Magic  lantern  see  Stereopticon 
Magic  squares 

Magistrates 

See  also  Judges;  Justices  of  the  peace; 
Kings  and  rulers;  Monarchy 

Magna  charta 

Magnetic  needle  see  Compass 
Magnetic    observations    see    Magnetism,    Ter- 
restrial —  Observations 
Magnetic  separation  of  ores 

Magnetic  surveys  see   Magnetism,   Terrestrial 
—  Observations 

Magnetic     variations     see     Magnetism,     Ter- 
restrial 

Magnetism 

See  also  Animal  magnetism;  Compass; 
Diamagnetism  ;  Electricity ;  Electromagnets  ; 
Lodestone;  Alagnetic  separation  of  ores; 
Alagneto-optics ;  Physics 

Terrestrial 

See  also  Auroras;  Compass 


-Observations 


Magnetite  see  Lodestone 
Magneto-optics 

See  also  Electrons;  Polarization  (light) 

Magyar  language  see  Hungarian  language 
Magyar  literature  see  Hungarian  literature 
Alahommedanism  see  Mohammedanism 
Mahrattas 

See  also  Etlinology —  India 

Mail  see  Postal  scr\ice 
Mail  order  business 

See  also  Advertising 

Maize  see  Corn 
Majolica 

See  also  Pottery 


Refer  from  Art ;  Christian  art  and  sj-mbolism  ; 
Jesus  Christ  in  art;  Aladonna  (s) ;  Mary, 
Virgin;  Mary,  Virgin,  in  art  (s) ;  Paintings; 
Virgin  Mary  in  art  (s) 


Refer  from  Camorra;  Crime  and  criminals; 
Maffia  (s) ;  Secret  societies;  Sicily 


Refer  from  Christmas;  Jesus  Christ 
Wise  men  of  the  East  (s) 


Birtl 


Refer  from  Conjuring;  Demonology;  Il- 
lusions and  hallucinations;  Necromancy  (s)  ; 
Occult  sciences;  Superstition;  Witchcraft 

Refer  from  Mathematical  recreations;  Num- 
bers; Squares,  Alagic  (s) 

Refer  from  Government;  Judges;  Law; 
Lawyers 

Refer  from  Charters;  England  —  Constitu- 
tion ;  England  —  History  —  Plantagenets 


Refer  from   Electrometallurgy;   Magnetism; 
Metallurgy;  Ore  treatment 


Refer  from  Diamagnetism;  Electricity;  Para- 
magnetism (s)  ;  Physics 


Refer  from  Auroras;  Compass;  Earth; 
Magnetic  variations  (s) ;  Physical  geography ; 
Terrestrial  magnetism  (s) 

Refer  from  Magnetic  observations  (s) ; 
Magnetic  surveys  (s) ;  Observations,  Mag- 
netic (s) 


Refer    froi 
tion  (light) 


Light;     Magnetism;     Polariza- 


Refer from  Ethnology  —  India  ;  India  ;  Mara- 
thas  (s) 


Refer     from      Advertising; 
partment  stores 

Refer  from  Pottery 


Bus 


De- 


225 


Make-up,  Theatrical 

See  also  Acting;  Cosmetics 


Making-up,  Theatrical,  see  Make-up,  Theatrical 

Malacology  see  Mollusks 

Malaria 

See  also  Mosquitoes 


Malarial  lexer  see  Malaria 
Malays 

See  also  Head-hunters 
Malpractice 

Malt 

See  also  Beer;  Brewing 
Malta,  Knights  of 


Malthusianism 

See  also  Population 

Mammals 

See  also  Carnivora  ;  Cetacea  ;  Fur-bearing 
animals  ;  Insectivora  ;  Marsupialia  ;Primates  ; 
Quadrupeds;  Rodents;  Ungulata ;  Verte- 
brates; Zoology;  also  names  of  mammals, 
e.g.  Bats,  Elephants,  Seals  (animals) 

Mammoths 

€ee  also  Paleontology 

Man 

See  also  Anatomy;  Anthropogeography ; 
Anthropology;  Anthropometry;  Archaeol- 
ogy; Cannibalism;  Civilization;  Color  of 
man;  Creation;  Dwarfs;  Environment; 
Ethics;  Ethnology;  Eugenics;  Evolution; 
Family;  Folklore;  Future  life;  Giants; 
Heredity ;  Flistory  ;  Hygiene  ;  Life ;  Longevity; 
Manners  and  customs;  Men;  Monsters; 
Paleontology;  Phrenology;  Physiognomy; 
Physiology;  Psychology;  Race  problems; 
Religion;  Savages;  Sex;  Sociology;  Soul; 
Vital  statistics;  Women;  also  names  of 
races 

Antiquity,  j-z-c  Man  —  Origin  and  antiquity 

Natural  history,  see  Anthropology 

Origin  and  antiquity 

See  also  Anatomy,  Comparative;  Ar- 
chaeology; Cave  dwellers;  Creation;  Evolu- 
tion; Geology;  Glacial  period;  Industries, 
Primitive;  Lake  dwellers  and  lake  dwellings; 
Missing  link;  Stone  age 

Man  with  the  iron  mask  see  Iron  Mask 
Management     of     children     see     Children  — 

Management 
Management    of    factories,     shops,     etc.,     see 
Factory  management ;  Machine  shop  manage- 
ment; Scientific  management 


Refer  from  Acting;  Actors;  Amateur  theatri- 
cals; Cosmetics;  Making-up,  Theatrical  (s) ; 
Stage  make-up  (s) ;  Theater;  Theatrical 
make-up  (s) 


Refer  from  Ague  (s) ;  Chills  and  fever  (s) ; 
Fever;  Hygiene,  Public;  Malarial  fever  (s) ; 
Mosquitoes;  Pathology 


Refer  from  Ethnology 

Refer  from  Medical  jurisprudence;  Medicine 
—  Practice 

Refer  from  Ale;  Beer;  Brewing;  Enzymes 
Refer  from  Chivalry;  Hospitallers  (s) ; 
Knights  and  knighthood;  Knights  hospital- 
lers (s) ;  Knights  of  Malta  (s) ;  Knights  of 
Rhodes  (s) ;  Knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerusa- 
lem (s);  Order  of  Malta  (s) ;  Order  of  St. 
John  of  Jerusalem  (s) ;  Religious  orders; 
St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  Order  of  (s) ;  Secret 
societies 

Refer  from  Population 

Refer  from  Bats;  Carnivora;  Cetacea; 
Elephants;  Insectivora;  Marsupialia;  Pri- 
mates; Quadrupeds;  Rodents;  Ungulata; 
Vertebrates;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Elephants;  Paleontology 

Refer  from  Anthropology;  Civilization; 
Ethnology;  History;  Human  race  (s) ;  Life; 
Men;  Natural  history;  Philosophy;  Physiol- 
ogy; Primates;  Sociology;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Anatomy,  Comparative;  Antiq- 
uity of  man  (s) ;  Archaeology;  Creation; 
Evolution;  Geology;  Glacial  period;  Man  — 
Antiquity  (s) ;  Origin  of  man  (s) ;  Prcadam- 
Ites  (s) ;  Prehistoric  man  (s) ;  Primitive 
man   (s) ;  Stone  age 


226 


Mandamus 

Maneu\ers,  Military,  see  Military  maneuvers 
Manganese 

iiee  also  Metals 
Mania  see  Insanity 
Manicheism 

See  also  Philosophy,  Persian 

Manicuring 

Manly  exercise  see  Gymnastics;  Physical  edu- 
cation ;  Sports 

Manners  see  Courtesy;  Etiquet 

Manners  and  customs 

See  also  Amusements;  April  fools'  day; 
Archaeology;  Bohemianism;  Burial;  Can- 
nibalism; Caste;  Costume;  Drinking  cus- 
toms; Dueling;  Eating;  Ethnology;  Eti- 
quet ;  Folklore ;  Funeral  rites  and  ceremonies  ; 
Halloween;  Holidays;  Kissing;  Alarriage 
customs  and  rites;  Mourning  customs; 
National  characteristics;  Ordeals;  Punish- 
ment; Rites  and  ceremonies;  Salutations; 
Slang ;  Society ;  Tattooing ;  Tipping ;  Toasts  ; 
Valentine's  day;  Vendetta;  also  names  of 
countries  and  cities,  subhead  Social  life  and 
customs 

Manoeuvres,  Military,  see  Military  maneuvers 

Manors 

See  also  Feudalism 

Mantels 

See  also  Fireplaces 
Manual  training 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts;  Basketwork; 
Busy  work;  Cardboard  construction;  Car- 
pentry; Drawing;  Handicraft;  Industrial 
education;  Machinery;  Modeling;  Needle- 
work; Paper  work;  Technical  education; 
Trade  schools;  Weaving;  Wood  carving; 
Woodwork 

Manufacturers 

Manufactures 

See  also  Automobiles;  Beverages;  Boots 
and  shoes;  Box  making;  Buttons;  Cables; 
Candles  ;  Carriages  ;  Cars;  Chains;  Chemis- 
try, Technical  ;Clocks  and  watches ;  Clothing ; 
Commerce;  Confectionery;  Cooperage;  Cost 
accounting;  Cutlery;  Explosives;  Factories; 
Factory  system  ;  Flour  and  flour  mills  ;  Fuel ; 
Furniture;  Gas;  Glass  manufacture;  Hard- 
ware; Harness;  Hats;  Industrial  arts;  Iron 
industry;  Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Lace; 
Leather;  Linoleum;  Liquors;  Machinery; 
Machinery  in  industry;  Alanufacturers ; 
Matches;  Metal  work;  Alctals;  Mills  and 
millwork;  Paper;  Patents;  Pens;  Perfum- 
ery; Pins  and  needles;  Pottery;  Prices; 
Receipts;  Rope;  Rubber;  Scientific  manage- 
ment; Soap;  Stationery;  Steel  industry; 
Sweating  system;  Technology;  Textile  in- 
dustry and  fabrics;  Timekeepers;  Tobacco 
—  Manufacture  and  trade;  Trade-marks; 
Tubes;  Waste  products;  also  names  of 
countries  and  states,  subhead  Industries 
and  resources,  and  names  of  cities,  subhead 
Industries 


Refer  from  Law 
Refer  from  Metals 


Refer  from  Dualism  ;  Philosophy ;  Philosophy, 
Persian;  Theology 

Refer  from  Hand;  Toilet 


Refer  from  Anthropology;  Archaeology; 
Ceremonies  (s) ;  Civilization;  Customs  (s) ; 
Ethics;  Ethnology;  Etiquet;  Folklore;  Man; 
Rites  and  ceremonies ;  Social  life  and  cus- 
toms (s) ;  Sociology;  Usages  (s) 


Refer  fro  ? 
ages 


Feudalism;  Land  tenure;  Middle 


Refer  from  Fireplaces;  House  decoration 

Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Education; 
Handicraft;  Industrial  arts;  Industrial  edu- 
cation; Slojd  (s) ;  Sloyd  (s) ;  Technical  educa- 
tion ;  Woodwork 


Refer  from  Biography;  Manufactures 

Refer  from  Business  ;  Commerce  ;  Commercial 
geography;  Commercial  products;  Economics; 
Industrial  arts;  Machinery;  Mills  and  mill- 
work;  Technology;  Useful  arts  (s) 


227 


Manures  see  Fertilizers  and  manures 
Manuscripts 

S'(V  also  Archives;  Charters;  Illumination  Refer  from    Archives;    Autographs;    Bibliog- 

of    manuscripts    and    books;    Inscriptions;       raphy;     Books;     History  —  Sources;    Inscrip- 
Paleography;  Parchment ;  Writing  tions  ;    Literature;    Paleography;    Papyri    (s) ; 

Writing 
Maoris 

See  also  Ethnology  —  New  Zealand;  New  Refer froyn  Ethnology  —  New  Zealand;  New 

Zealand  —  History  Zealand 

Map  drawing  [elementary] 

SVf  a/jo  Topographical  drawing  Refer   from    Drawing;    Geography;    Maps; 

Topographical  drawing 
Maps 

See   also    Atlases;    Charts;    Globes;    Map  Refer    from     Atlases;     Cartography     (s) ; 

drawing;   Road   maps;  also  names  of  coun-       Chartography  (s) ;  Charts;  Geography 
tries,    subhead     Description    and    travel  — 
Maps,  and  names  of  cities,  subhead  Descrip- 
tion —  Maps 
Marathas  see  Mahrattas 
Marble 

Sfi?  a/jo  Building  stones  Refer    from     Building     stones;     Limestone; 

Sculpture ;  Stone 
Marbling  Refer  from  Bookbinding;  Painting,  Mechani- 

cal ;  Paper 
Marches  (exercise)  see  Drills  and  marches 

Marches  (music)  Refer  from  Instrumental  music 

Marconigrams  see  Wireless  telegraphy 
Marine  architecture  see  Shipbuilding 
Marine  biology 

See  also  Algae;  Aquatic  plants;  Dredging;  Refer  from  Aquatic  life  (s)  ;  Aquatic  plants; 

Marine  zoology ;  Plankton  Biology;    Dredging;    Marine   life    (s) ;    Alarine 

zoology;    Ocean;    Ocean    life    (s) ;    Plankton; 
Sea  life  (s) ;  Seashore;  Thalassography  (s) 
Marine  boilers  see  Boilers,  Marine 
Marine  botany  see  Algae;  Aquatic  plants 
Marine  engineering 

See  also  Boilers,  Marine;  Marine  engines;  Refer  from     Boilers,     Marine;    Engineering; 

Propellers;     Shipbuilding;     Steam     naviga-       Engineering,     Marine     (s) ;     Marine    engines; 
tion ;  Steam  turbines  Mechanical     engineering;      Naval      engineer- 

Marine  engines  ing  (s) ;  Steam  navigation 

See    also    Boilers,    Marine;    Gas    and    oil  ^<'/^r/rowi  Boilers,  Alarine ;  Engines ;  Marine 

engines;    Liquid   fuel;    Marine   engineering;       engineering;      Shipbuilding;     Steam    engines; 
Steam  engines;  Steam  turbines  Steam  navigation;  Steamboats 

Marine  fauna  see  Alarine  zoology 
Marine  flora  see  Algae;  Aquatic  plants 
Marine    hospitals    see    Hospitals,    Naval    and 

marine 
Marine  insurance  see  Insurance,  Marine 
Marine  law  see  Maritime  law 
Marine  life  see  Alarine  biology;    Seafaring  life 
Marine  painting 

See  also  Painting  Refer  from  Painting 

Marine  plants  see  Algae;  Aquatic  plants 
Marine  sur\  eying  see  Hydrography 
Marine  zoology 

See    also    Aquariums;    Brachiopoda;    Ce-  Refer  from   Aquatic   animals    (s) ;    Deep-sea 

tacea ;   Coelenterata ;  Crustacea;  Dredging;       fauna    (s) ;   Dredging;   Fish;   Marine   biology; 
Echinodermata ;    Fish;    Fresh-water   fauna;       Marine  fauna   (s) ;   I.Iollusks;  Ocean;   Pelagic 
Marine    biology;    Mollusks;   Ocean;    Plank-       fauna  (s) ;  Plankton  ;  Seashore  ;  Zoology 
ton;    Polyzoa;    Protozoa;    Seals    (animals); 
Seashore;  Sponges 
Mariner's  compass  see  Compass 
Marionettes  see  Puppet  plays 
Maritime  law 

See    also    Admiralty;    Collisions    at    sea;  ^^/rr /row;  Admiralty ;  Commerce ;  Commer- 

Contraband    of    war;    Impressment;    Insur-       cial  law;  Dominion  of  the  sea  (s) ;  International 

228 


ance.    Marine;   International  law;   Mutiny; 
Neutrality;     Pirates;     Privateering;     Prizes 
(international  law);  Salvage;  Search,  Right 
of;  Shipping;  Steamboat  inspection 
Maritime  power  see  Sea  power 
Maritime  surveying  see  Hydrography 
Mark  (land) 

See  also  Milage  communities 

Market  gardening 

See  also  Agriculture;   Gardening;   Green- 
houses ;  Vegetables 

Marketing 

Marketing  of  farm  produce 

See  also  Agriculture;  Farm  management 


Markets 

See     also      Slaughtering     and      slaughter- 
houses ;  also  names  of  cities,  subhead  Markets 
Marks  (land)  see  Mark  (land) 
Marks,  Artists',  see  Artists'  marks 
Marks,  Goldsmiths',  see  Hall  marks 
Marks,  Printers',  see  Printers'  marks 
Maroons 


Marprelate  controversy 


Marquetry  see  Inlay 

Marriage 

See  also  Adultery;  Celibacy;  Chastity; 
Consanguinity  ;  Courtship  ;  Divorce  ;  Domes- 
tic relations;  Eugenics;  Family;  Husbands; 
Illegitimacy;  Love;  Marriage  customs  and 
rites;  Marriages,  International;  Polyandry; 
Polygamy;  Sex;  Sexual  ethics;  Wedding 
anniversaries;  Weddings;  Wives;  Women 

Marriage  customs  and  rites 

See  also  Weddings 


Marriage  records  see  Vital  records 
Marriage  statistics  see  Vital  statistics 
Marriages,  International 

Marsh  gas  see  Fire  damp 
Marshes 

See  also  Drainage;  Reclamation  of  land 

Marsupialia 

See  also  Mammals 

Martial  law 

See  also   Courts   martial;   Habeas   corpus; 
Military  government;  Military  law 

Martial  music  see  Military  music 
Martyrs 

.S'('('     also     Christian     biography;     Church 
history;  Inquisition;  Persecution;  Saints 


law;  Law;  Marine  law  (s) ;  Navigation  laws  (s) ; 
Privateering;  Prizes  (international  law);  Sal- 
vage; Search,  Right  of;  Shipping 


Refer  from  Commons;  Land  tenure;  Marks 
(land)  (s) ;  Village  communities 

Refer  from  Agriculture;  Farm  management; 
Gardening;  Greenhouses;  Truck  farming  (s) ; 
Vegetable  gardening  (s) ;  Vegetables 

Refer  from  Food;  Home  economics 

Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Agricul- 
ture; Commerce;  Farm  management;  Farm 
products  (s) ;  Prices;  Transportation 

Refer  from  Business;  Cities;  Commerce; 
Food 


Refer  from  Dutch  Guiana;  Fugitive  slaves ; 
Jamaica ;  Negroes 

Refer  from  Church  of  England  —  Doctrinal 
and  controversial  works;  England — Re- 
ligious history;  Puritans 


Refer  from  Christian  antiquities;  Church 
law;  Consanguinity;  Courtship;  Divorce; 
Domestic  relations  ;  Ethics  ;  Eugenics  ;  Family  ; 
Home;  Husband  and  wife  (s) ;  Husbands; 
Law;  Love;  Matrimony  (s) ;  Polygamy;  Rites 
and  ceremonies;  Sacraments;  Sex;  Sexual 
ethics;  Social  problems;  Sociology;  Weddings; 
Wives  ;  Women  ;  Women  —  Law 

Refer  from  Bridal  customs  (s) ;  Manners  and 
customs;  Marriage;  Rites  and  ceremonies; 
Weddings 


Refer    from     International     marriages     (s) ; 
Marriage 


Refer  from  Bogs  (s) ;  Drainage;  Fens  (s) ; 
Morasses  (s) ;  Reclamation  of  land  ;  Swamps  (s) 

Refer  from  ^/lammals;  Pouched  animals  (s) ; 
Zoology  —  Australia 

Refer  from  Habeas  corpus;  Law;  Military 
art  and  science;  Military  government;  Mili- 
tary law ;  War 


Refer  from  Christian  biography;  Church 
history;  Heresy;  Heroes;  Inquisition;  Per- 
secution ;  Saints 


229 


Mary,  Virgin 

See  also  Immaculate  conception;  Jesus 
Christ;  Madonnas 

Legends 

Mary,  \'irgin,  in  art,  see  Madonnas 
Masks  (for  the  face) 
Masks  (plays)  see  ^Iasques  (plays) 
Mason  and  Dixon's  line 

Masonry 

See  also  Arches;  Bricklaying;  Bricks; 
Bridges  ;  Building ;  Building  stones  ;  Cement ; 
Concrete;  Dams;  Foundations;  Plaster  and 
plastering;  Stereotomy;  Stone;  Stonecut- 
ting;  Strength  of  materials;  Vaulting;  Walls 
Masons  (secret  order)  see  Freemasons 
Masquerades 

See  also  Balls  (parties) ;  Costume 

Masques    (plays) 

Mass 

See  also  Catholic  church  —  Liturgy  and 
ritual;  Lord's  supper;  Masses  (music); 
Missals;  Transubstantiation 

Massacres 

See  also   names  of  massacres,  e.g.  Boston 
massacre;  St.  Bartholomew's  day,  Massacre 
of;  Sicilian  vespers;  Wyoming  massacre 
Massage 

See  also  Mechanotherapy;  Swedish  move- 
ment cure 
Masses  (music) 
Master  and  servant 

See  also  Apprentices ;  Domestic  relations ; 
Employers'  liability;  Servants 
Mastersingers  see  Meistersingers 
Matches 

Materia  medica 

See  also  Dispensatories;  Drugs,  and  names 
of  drugs;  Medical  botany;  Medicines,  Pro- 
prietary ;  Pharmacy ;  Pharmacopoeias  ;  Thera- 
peutics 

Materialism 

See  also  Animism;  Encyclopedists;  Epi- 
cureans; Evolution;  Philosophy;  Rational- 
ism ;  Soul ;  Stoics 

Materials,  Strength  of,  see   Strength   of   mate- 
rials 

Maternity  see  Mothers 

Mathematical  drawing  see  Geometrical  draw- 
ing; Mechanical  drawing 

Mathematical     geography     see     Geography, 
Mathematical 

Mathematical  instruments 

See  also  Calculating  machines;  Drawing 
instruments;  Measuring  instruments;  Pla- 
nimeter;  Slide  rule;  Surveying  instruments 

Mathematical  notation  see  Notation    (mathe- 
matics) 

Mathematical  recreations 
See  also  IVIagic  squares 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Immaculate 
conception;  Jesus  Christ;  Madonna  (s) ; 
Miracles;  Virgin  Mary  (s) 

Refer  from  Legends 

Refer  from  Costume 

Refer  from  Maryland  —  Boundaries;  Penn- 
sylvania —  Boundaries;  Slavery  in  the  U.  S. 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Bricklaying; 
Bricks;  Bridges;  Building;  Building  stones; 
Civil  engineering;  Concrete;  Dams;  Engineer- 
ing; Foundations;  Industrial  arts;  Stone; 
Strength  of  materials;  Walls 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Balls  (parties) 

R''fer  from  Drama;  Masks  (plays)  (s) ; 
Theater 

Refer  from  Altars;  Catholic  church;  Catholic 
church  —  Liturgy  and  ritual;  Eucharist  (s) ; 
Liturgies;  Lord's  supper;  Missals;  Rites  and 
ceremonies;  Theology;  Transubstantiation 

Refer  from  Battles;  History;  Persecution 


Refer  from  Mechanotherapy  ;  Therapeutics 

Refer  from  Church  music;  Miss;  Music 

Refer  from  Contracts;  Domestic  relations; 
Employers'  liability;  Law;  Servants 

Refer  from  Chemistry,  Technical;  Manu- 
factures 

Refer  from  Dispensatories;  Drugs;  Medical 
botany;  Medicine;  Medicines  (s) ;  Pharmacy; 
Pharmacopoeias;  Remedies  (in  medicine)  (s) ; 
Therapeutics 

Refer  from-  Animism;  .Atheism;  Matter; 
Naturalism;  Philosophy;  Skepticism;  The- 
ology 


Refer    from    Arithmetic;     Arithmetical     in- 
struments (s) ;  Instruments;  Mathematics 


Refer     from     Amusements;      Mathematics: 
Scientific  recreations 


230 


Mathematical     tables     see     Mathematics  — 
Tables,  etc. 

Mathematicians 

Mathematics 

See  also  Algebra;  Arithmetic;  Astronomy; 
Axioms;  Calculating  machines;  Calculus; 
Conic  sections;  Engineering;  Equations; 
Errors,  Theory  of;  Fourth  dimension; 
Geodesy;  Geography,  Mathematical;  Ge- 
ometry; Groups,  Theory  of;  Least  squares; 
Mathematical  instruments;  Mathematical 
recreations;  Mathematicians;  Alechanics; 
Mensuration;  Metric  system;  Navigation; 
Notation  (mathematics);  Numbers;  Nu- 
merals ;  Physics  ;  Probabilities  ;  Quaternions  ; 
Ready-reckoners;  Surveying;  Trigonometry 

Tables,  etc. 

See   also    Interest    tables;    Logarithms; 
Traverse  tables 

Matriarchy 

Matrimony  see  Marriage 

Matter 

See  also  Atomic  theory;  Atoms;  Capil- 
larity; Compressibility;  Dissociation;  Dy- 
namics; Elasticity;  Electrons;  Ether  (of 
space);  Force  and  energy;  Gravitation; 
Hardness;  Ions;  Materialism;  Molecules; 
Physics;  Radioactivity;  Solids;  Specific 
gravity;  Viscosity 

Mausoleums  see  Tombs 

Maxims 

See  also  Epigrams;  Proverbs;  Quotations 


May  day 
Mayas 

See   also    Central    America  —  Antiquities  ; 

Guatemala;    Indians    of    Central    America; 

Indians   of   Mexico;    Mexico — -Antiquities; 

Yucatan 
Meadows  see  Pastures  and  meadows 
Meals    see    Breakfasts;    Dinners    and    dining; 

Eating;  Food;  Luncheons;  Table 
Measles 

Measures     see     Mensuration;     Weights     and 

measures 
Measuring  instruments 

See   also    Micrometer;    Slide    rule;    Square 
(instrument) 
Meat 

See    also    Animal    food;     Beef;     Carving 
(meat,     etc.);     Cold     storage;     Cookery  — 
Meat;  Meat  inspection;  Packing  industry; 
Slaughtering  and  slaughterhouses 
Meat  inspection 

See  also  Food  adulteration  and  inspection; 
Slaughtering  and  slaughterhouses 


Mechanic  arts  see  Industrial  arts 
Mechanical  draft 

See    also    Blowing    engines;    Combustion; 
Fans,  Alechanical ;  Smoke 


Refer  from  Mathematics;  Scientists 

Refer    from     Algebra;     Arithmetic;      Conic 
sections;  Geometry;  Science;  Trigonometry 


Refer  from  Calculation  —  Aids  (s) ;  Loga- 
rithms; Mathematical  tables  (s) ;  Ready- 
reckoners;  Tables,  Mathematical  (s) 

Refer  from  Family;  Government;  Mothers; 
Women 


Refer  from  Atoms;  Compressibility;  Dynam- 
ics; Gravitation;  Mechanics;  Metaphysics; 
Philosophy;  Physics;  V^iscosity 


Refer  from  Adages  (s) ;  Aphorisms  (s) ; 
Apothegms  (s) ;  Epigrams;  Laconics  (s) ;  Lit- 
erature;   Proverbs;    Quotations;    Sayings    (s) 

Refer  from  Days;  Festivals 

Refer  from  Central  America  —  Antiquities ; 
Guatemala;  Indians  of  Central  America; 
Indians  of  Mexico;  Mexico  —  Antiquities; 
Yucatan 


Refer  from  Children  —  Diseases;  Contagion 
and  contagious  diseases;  Medicine  —  Practice 


Refer    from     Mathematical     instruments; 
Weights  and  measures 

Refer  from  Animal  food;  Animal  products: 
Beef;  Food;  Packing  industry;  Slaughtering 
and  slaughterhouses 


Refer  from  Food  adulteration  and  inspec- 
tion; Hygiene,  Public;  Inspection  of  meat  (s) ; 
Meat;  Packing  industry;  Slaughtering  and 
slaughterhouses 


Refer  from    Combustion;    Draft,    Mechani- 
cal  (s) ;  Draught,   Mechanical   (s) ;   Fans,   Me- 


231 


Mechanical  drawing 

See  also  Architectural  drawing;  Drafting 
room  practice;  Drawing  instruments;  Geo- 
metrical drawing  ;  Graphic  statics  ;  Graphics  ; 
Lettering ;  Machine  design  ;  Pattern  making ; 
Perspective;  Projection 

Mechanical  engineering 

See  also  Boilers;  Electric  engineering; 
Engineering;  Engines;  Friction;  Fuel;  Hy- 
draulic engineering;  Locomotives;  Lubri- 
cation and  lubricants ;  Machine  design ; 
Machine  shop  practice;  Machine  tools; 
Machinery;  Marine  engineering;  Mechani- 
cal draft;  Mechanical  movements;  Mechan- 
ics; Alechanics,  Applied;  Power  plants; 
Power  transmission;  Steam  engines 
Mechanical  fans  see  Fans,  Mechanical 
Mechanical  movements 

See    also    Cams;    Gearing;     Kinematics; 
Link  motion;  Machine  design;  Machinery; 
Mechanical    engineering;    Mechanics;    Pul- 
leys 
Mechanical  painting  see  Painting,  Mechanical 
Mechanics 

See  also  Aeronautics;  Animal  mechanics; 
Dynamics;  Elasticity;  Engineering;  Fluids; 
Force  and  energy;  Friction;  Gases;  Graphic 
statics;  Hydraulics;  Hydrodynamics;  Hy- 
drostatics ;  Kinematics  ;  Liquids  ;  Machinery  ; 
Matter;  Mechanical  movements;  Motion; 
Motors;  Perpetual  motion;  Physics;  Power; 
Pulleys;  Statics;  Steam  engines;  Strength 
of  materials 

Applied 

See  also  Machine  design;  Mechanical 
engineering;  Power  transmission;  Strains 
and  stresses 

Celestial 

See    also    Astronomy;     Moon;    Orbits; 
Perturbation;  Planets 
Mechanics  (persons) 
Mechanics'  institutes 


Mechanics'  liens  see  Liens 

Mechanism  see  Machinery;  Mechanical  move- 
ments 

Mechanotherapy 

Sre  also  Gymnastics,  Medical ;  Massage ; 
Osteopathy;  Swedish  movement  cure 

Medals 

See  also  Decorations  of  honor;  Numis- 
matics 

Mediaeval  see  Medieval 

Medical  anecdotes  see  Anecdotes,  Medical 

Medical  biography  see  Physicians  and  surgeons 

Medical  botany 

See  also  Bcjtany,  Economic;  Dispensato- 
ries; Materia  medica ;  Pharmacopoeias; 
Pharmacy;  also  names  of  medicinal  plants, 
e.g.  Ginseng 


chanical;    Furnaces;    Mechanical   engineering; 
Smoke 

Refer  from  Architectural  drawing;  Drafting, 
Mechanical  (s) ;  Drafting  room  practice; 
Draughting,  Mechanical  (s) ;  Drawing;  Draw- 
ing instruments;  Engineering;  Geometrical 
drawing;  Graphic  statics;  Graphics;  Industrial 
drawing  (s) ;  Machine  design;  Mathematical 
drawing  (s) ;  Pattern  making;  Projection 

Refer  from  Applied  mechanics  (s) ;  Civil 
engineering;  Engineering;  Engineering,  Me- 
chanical (s) ;  Engines;  Industrial  arts;  Ma- 
chine shop  practice;  Machinery;  Mechanical 
movements;  Alechanics,  Applied;  Power 
transmission 


Refer  from  Gearing;  Kinematics;  Link  mo- 
tion; Machine  design;  Machinery;  Mechanical 
engineering;  Mechanics;  Mechanism  (s)  ;  Mo- 
tion 


Refer  Jrom  Dynamics;  Engineering;  Fluids; 
Force  and  energy  ;  Hydraulics  ;  Hydrodynamics  ; 
Hydrostatics  ;  Kinematics  ;  Alachinery  ;  Mathe- 
matics ;  Alechanical  engineering;  Mechanical 
movements;  Motion;  Physics;  Power;  Statics 


'  Refer  from  Applied  mechanics  (s) ;  Engineer- 
ing, Mechanical  (s) ;  Industrial  arts;  Mechani- 
cal engineering;  Strains  and  stresses 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Celestial  mechan- 
ics (s);  Orbits;  Perturbation 

Refer  from  Biography 

Refer  from  Education;  Industrial  education; 
Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Libraries;  Techni- 
cal education 


Refer  from  Gymnastics,  Medical;  Massage; 
Movement  cure  (s) ;  Osteopathy;  Swedish 
movement  cure;  I'herapeutics 

Refer  from  Archaeology  ;  Badges  of  honor  (s) ; 
Decorations  of  honor;  History;  Numismatics 


Refer  from  Botany;  Botany,  Economic; 
Botany,  Medical  (s) ;  Drugs;  Herbs,  Medici- 
nal (s) ;  Materia  medica  ;  Medicinal  plants  (s) ; 
Pharmacy;  Plants,  Medicinal  (s) ;  Poisonous 
plants 


Medical  charities  see  Charities,  Medical 

Aledical  chemistry  see  Pharmacy;  Physiologi- 
cal chemistry 

Medical    climatology    see    Climate;     Medical 
geography 

Medical  colleges 

See  also  Medicine  —  Study  and  teaching 


Medical      education      see      Medical      colleges ; 

Medicine  —  Study  and  teaching 
Medical  delusions 

See  also  Medical  folklore;   Medicine  men; 
Quacks  and  quackery 
Medical  directories  see  Physicians  and  surgeons 
Medical  electricity  see  Electrotherapeutics 
Medical  ethics 

See  also  Physicians  and  surgeons 


Medical  folklore 

See  also  Aledical  delusions 

Medical  geography 

See  also  Climate;  Tropics  — •  Diseases  and 
hygiene 


Medical  gymnastics  see  Gymnastics,  Medical 
Medical  inspection  of  schools 

See  also  School  hygiene;  School  nurses 


Medical  jurisprudence 

See  also  Autopsy;  Chemistry,  Legal; 
Expert  evidence  ;  Identification  ;  Infanticide  ; 
Insanity;  Malpractice;  Poisons;  Suicide; 
Survivorship 

Medical  libraries 

Medical  missions  see  \Iissions,  Medical 

Medical  nomenclature  see  Medicine  —  Nomen- 
clature 

Medical  research 

See  also  Animal  experimentation 

Medical  schools  see  Aledical  colleges 

Medical  societies 

Medical  superstition  see  Medical  folklore 

Medical  terminology  see  Medicine  —  Nomen- 
clature 

Medicinal  plants  see  Medical  botany 

Medicine 

i'cc  a/jo  Accidents ;  Allopathy;  Anatomy; 
Anecdotes,  Medical;  Anesthetics;  Anti- 
septics; Autopsy;  Bacteriology;  Bible  — 
Medicine,  hygiene,  etc.;  Charities,  Medical; 
Contagion  and  contagious  diseases ;  Dentis- 
try; Diagnosis;  First  aid  in  illness  and  in- 
jury; Germ  theory  of  disease;  Histology; 
Homeopathy;  Hospitals;  Hygiene;  Hygiene, 
Public;  Indians  —  Medicine;  Inoculation; 
Invalids;  Materia  mcdica;  Medicine  and 
religion;  Medicine  men;  Microscope  and 
microscopy;  Mind  and  body;  Alissions, 
Medical;  Narcotics;  Naval  hygiene;  Nurses 
and  nursing;  Pathology;  Pharmacy;  Physi- 


Refer from  Colleges  and  universities;  Medical 
schools  (s) ;  Medical  education  (s) ;  Medicine 
—  Study  and  teaching 


Refer  from   Delusions   (s) ;   Errors,   Popular; 
Medical  folklore;  Medicine  —  History 


Refer  from  Ethics ;  Ethics,  Medical  (s) ; 
Physicians  and  surgeons;  Professional  eth- 
ics (s) 

Refer  from  Folklore  ;  Folklore  of  medicine  (s) ; 
Medical  delusions;  Medical  superstition  (s) 

Refer  from  Climate;  Geographical  pathol- 
ogy (s) ;  Geography;  Geography,  Medical  (s) ; 
Medical  climatology  (s) ;  Pathology;  Tropics 
—  Diseases  and  hygiene 


Refer  from  Ciiildren  —  Care  and  hygiene; 
Hygiene;  Hygiene,  Public;  School  children; 
School  hygiene;  School  nurses;  Schools  — 
Medical  inspection  (s) 

Refer  from  Chemistry,  Legal;  Expert  evi- 
dence; Forensic  medicine  (s) ;  Insanity; 
Jurisprudence,  Medical  (s) ;  Law;  Legal 
medicine  (s) ;  Poisons 

Refer  from  Libraries;  Libraries,  Medical  (s) 


Refer  from  Research;  Scientific  research 
Refer  from  Societies 


Refer  from  Homeopathy;  Hygiene;  Pathol- 
ogy; Physiology;  Professions;  Science;  Sur- 
gery; Therapeutics 


233 


Medicine  —  Continued 

cians  and  surgeons;  Physiological  chemis- 
try ;  Physiology  ;  Poisons  ;  Quacks  and  quack- 
ery; Sanatoriums;  Stimulants;  Surgery; 
Therapeutics  ;  Vaccination  ;  Veterinary  medi- 
cine; also  headings  beginning  Medical 

Directories,  see  Physicians  and  surgeons 

Eclectic  Refer  from  Eclectic  medicine  (s) 

History 

See  also  Epidemics;  Medical  delusions; 
Medicine,  Medieval 

Medieval 

See  also  Elixir  of  life  Refer  from  Medicine  —  History 

Military 

See  also   Battlefield   relief;   First   aid   in  Refer    from     Battlefield     relief;     Field     hos- 
illness     and     injury;     Military     hygiene;        pitals    (s)  ;    Military    hygiene;    Military    medi- 
Surgery,    Military;    also    names    of    wars,       cine  (s) 
subhead  Medical  and  sanitary  affairs 
Nomenclature                                                                   Refer  from  Medical  nomenclature  (s) ;  Medi- 
cal terminology  (s) ;  Names ;  Nomenclature  (s) ; 
Terminology  (s) 

Practice 

See  also  Alcoholism;  Apoplexy;  Appen-  Refer  from    Clinical    medicine    (s) ;    Diagno- 

dicltis;  Asthma;  Black  death;  Bones —  sis;  Diseases  (s) ;  Pathology;  Therapeutics; 
Diseases;  Bronchitis;  Cancer;  Catarrh;  Women  —  Diseases 
Children — ^  Diseases;  Cholera,  Asiatic; 
Cold  (disease) ;  Contagion  and  contagious 
diseases;  Croup;  Deafness;  Diabetes; 
Diagnosis;  Diphtheria;  Dyspepsia;  Epi- 
lepsy; Erysipelas;  Eye  —  Diseases  and 
defects;  Fever;  Gout;  Hay  fever;  Head- 
ache; Heatstroke;  Hookworm  disease; 
Hydrophobia;  Hysteria;  Idiocy;  Influen- 
za; Insanity;  Insomnia;  Leprosy;  Mal- 
practice; Measles;  Meningitis;  Mental 
diseases  ;  Nervous  system  —  Diseases  ; 
Neuralgia;  Neurasthenia;  Nurses  and 
nursing;  Obstetrics;  Paralysis;  Parasites; 
Pellagra;  Plague;  Pneumonia;  Respira- 
tory organs — Diseases;  Rheumatism; 
Scarlet  fever;  Seasickness;  Skin — Dis- 
eases; Sleeping  sickness;  Smallpox;  Som- 
nambulism; Surgery;  Suspended  anima- 
tion; Tetanus;  Therapeutics;  Tropics  — 
Diseases  and  hygiene;  Tuberculosis; 
Tumors;  Typhoid  fever;  Typhus  fever; 
Varioloid;  Voice;  Women  —  Diseases; 
Yellow  fever 

Study  and  teaching 

5^1?  a/jo  Medical  colleges  Refer  from   Education,    Medical    (s) ;    Medi- 
cal   colleges;    Medical    education    (s)  ;    Profes- 
sional education 
Tropics,    sec   Tropics  —  Diseases    and    hy- 
giene 
Medicine  and  religion 

See     also     Emmanuel     movement;     Faith  Refer  from    Church    and    healing    (s) ;    Em- 

cure  manucl    mo\-emcnt ;    Medicine;    Religion    and 

medicine  (s) 
Medicine  men 

See  also  Indisins  —  Medicine  Refer     from      Conjuring;      Indians —  Medi- 

cine; Medical  delusions;  Witchcraft 
Medicines  see  Drugs;  Materia  medica ;  Medi- 
cines, ProjMMctary 
Medicines,  Proprietary  Refer  from   Drugs;   Materia   medica;   Medi- 

cines   (s) ;    Patent    medicines    (s) ;    Proprietar_\ 
medicines  (s) ;  Quacks  and  quacker)' 

234 


Medieval  architecture  see  Architecture,  Medi- 
eval 

Aledieval  art  see  Art,  Medieval 

Medieval  civilization  see  Civilization,  Medieval 

Aledieval  history  see  Aliddle  ages  —  History 

Medieval  literature  see  Middle  ages  —  Litera- 
ture 

Medieval  philosophy  see  Philosoph}',  Medieval 

Meditations 

See  also  De\'otional  exercises 

Mediums  see  Spritualism 

Meetings,  Public,  see  Public  meetings 

Meistersingers 

See  also  German  poetry;  Minnesingers 


Melancholy 

Melody 

See  also  Harmony 

Melting  points 

Memoirs  see  Autobiography;   Biography;   also 

names  of  indiv-iduals 
Memorial  day 

Memory 

See  also  Association  of  ideas;  Attention; 
Mental  discipline;  Psychology 


Men 

See     also     Bachelors;     Gentlemen;     Hus- 
bands; Man;  Young  men 
Menageries 

See    also    Circus;    Vivariums;    Zoological 
gardens 

Mendelism  see  Mendel's  law 
Mendel's  law 

See  also  Hvbridization 


Mendicity  see  Begging 
Mending  and  repairing 

Meningitis 


Mennonites 

See  also  Anabaptists 

Mensuration 

See  also  Gaging;  Geodesy;  Metric  system 
Surveying;  Weights  and  measures 


Mental      aberration      see      Insanity;      Mental 

diseases 
Mental  arithmetic  see  Arithmetic 
Mental  association  see  Association  of  ideas 
Mental  culture  see  Mental  discipline 
Mental    derangements    see    Insanity;    Mental 

diseases 


Refer    from     Devotional     exercises;     Reflec- 
tions (s) 


Refer  from  Bards;  German  poetry;  Mas- 
tersingers  (s) ;  Alinnesingers ;  Minstrels;  Poets 

Refer  from  Emotions;  Mental  diseases; 
Psychology;  Temperament 

Refer  from  Composition  (music);  Harmony; 
Music  ;  Music  —  Theory 

Refer  from  Chemistry,  Physical;  Heat; 
Temperature 


Refer  from  Decoration  day  (s) ;  Holidays; 
U.  S. —  History  —  Civil  war 

Refer  from  Association  of  ideas;  Brain; 
Education;  Intellect;  Mental  discipline; 
Mnemonics  (s) ;  Psychology;  Psychology, 
Educational;  Teaching 

Refer  from  Man;  Young  men 


Refer  from  Animals;  Animals  in  captiv- 
ity (s) ;  Circus;  Vivariums;  Zoological  gar- 
dens ;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Botany;  Breeding;  Evolution; 
Heredity;  Hybridization;  Mendelism  (s) ; 
Plant  breeding;  Variation  (biology);  Zoology 

Refer  from  Darning  (s) ;  Needlework; 
Repairing  (s) 

Refer  from  Brain;  Cerebrospinal  menin- 
gitis (s) ;  Medicine  —  Practice;  Spinal  menin- 
gitis (s) ;  Spine 

Refer  from  Amish  Mennonites  (s) ;  Anabap- 
tists ;  Baptists ;  Sects 

Refer  from  Arithmetic;  Civil  engineering; 
Engineering;  Geometry;  Mathematics;  Meas- 
ures (s) ;  Metrology  (s) ;  Trigonometry  ;  Weights 
and  measures 


235 


Mental  discipline 

See  also  Attention;  Education;  Memory; 
Psychology,  Educational;  Self-culture 


Mental  diseases 

See  also  Aphasia;  Brain;  Feeble-minded; 
Hysteria;  Idiocy;  Illusions  and  hallucina- 
tions; Insanity;  Melancholy;  Mental  hy- 
giene; Nervous  system  —  Diseases;  Suicide 


Mental  exhaustion  see  Fatigue,  Mental 
Mental  fatigue  see  Fatigue,  Mental 
Mental  healing 

See  also  Animal  magnetism;  Christian 
science;  Emmanuel  movement;  Faith  cure; 
Hypnotism;  Mental  hygiene;  Mind  and 
body;  New  thought;  Suggestive  therapeutics 


Mental  hygiene 

See  also  Fatigue,  Mental;  Mental  dis- 
eases; Mental  healing;  Mind  and  body; 
New  thought;  Rest;  Worry 

Mental  overwork  see  Fatigue,  Mental 
Mental  pathology  see  Alental  diseases 
Mental  philosophy  see  Philosophy;  Psychology 
Mental  physiology  see  Brain;  Mind  and  body; 

Psychology,  Physiological 
Mental  science  see  Psychology 
Mental  suggestion  see  Hypnotism;  Suggestion 
Mental  therapeutics  see  Alental  healing 
Mental  training  see  Mental  discipline 
Mentally     deficient     children     see     Children, 
Abnormal  and  backward  ;  Defectives  ;  Feeble- 
minded 
Menus 

See  also  Breakfasts ;  Catering ;  Dinners  and 
dining;  Luncheons;  Table 


Mercantile  law  see  Commercial  law 
Mercantile  marine  see  Shipping 
Mercenary  troops 


Mercerization 

Merchandise  see  Commerce 
Merchant  marine  see  Shipping 
Merchants 

See  also  Business;  Business  ethics;  Com- 
merce; Commercial  law;  Commercial  travel- 
ers ;  Peddlers  and  peddling 
Mercury 

See  also  Amalgams;  Metals 


Refer  from  Discipline,  Mental  (s) ;  Educa- 
tion;  Alemory;  Mental  culture  (s) ;  Mental 
training  (s) ;  Alind  training  (s) ;  Psychology, 
Educational;  Self-culture;  Thought  and  think- 
ing 

Refer  from  Aberration,  Mental  (s) ;  Ab- 
normal psychology  (s) ;  Brain;  Diseases  (s) ; 
Hysteria;  Illusions  and  hallucinations;  In- 
sanity; Medicine  —  Practice;  Alental  aber- 
ration (s) ;  Mental  derangements  (s) ;  Alental 
hygiene;  Alental  pathology  (s) ;  Nervous 
system  —  Diseases;  Pathological  psychol- 
ogy (s) ;  Psychiatry  (s)  ;  Psychology;  Psychol- 
ogy, Pathological  (s) ;  Psychology,  Physiologi- 
cal ;  Psychosis  (s) 


Refer  from  Absent  treatment  (s) ;  Christian 
science;  Faith  cure;  Healing,  Alental  (s) ; 
Health  thoughts  (s) ;  Hypnotism;  Alental 
hygiene;  Alental  therapeutics  (s) ;  Aletaphysi- 
cal  healing  (s) ;  Alind  and  body ;  Alind  cure  (s) ; 
Psychology;  Psychotherapy  (s) ;  Suggestion; 
Suggestive  therapeutics;  Therapeutics 

Refer  from  Fatigue,  Alental;  Hygiene; 
Hygiene,  Alental  (s) ;  Mental  diseases ;  Alental 
healing;  Alind  and  body;  Psychology;  Sug- 
gestion 


Refer  from  Bills  of  fare  (s) ;  Breakfasts; 
Catering;  Cookery;  Diet;  Dinners  and  dining; 
Eating;  Entertaining;  Home  economics; 
Luncheons;  Table 


Refer  from   Armies ;    Military    history 
diers 


Sol- 


Refer  from    Cotton;    Textile    industry    and 
fabrics 


Rifer  from  Biography;  Business;  Commerce 


Refer  from  Amalgamation;  Amalgams; 
Aletals ;  Alines  and  mineral  resources;  Quick- 
silver (s) 


236 


Mercy 

Mesmerism  see  Animal  magnetism  ;  Hypnotism 

Mesozoic    era    see    Geology,    Stratigraphic  — - 
Mesozolc;  Paleontology —  Mesozoic 

Messiah 

See  also  Jesus  Christ;  Jesus  Christ  — 
Messiahship 

Metabolism 

See  also  Absorpiion  (physiology) ;  Botany 
—  Physiology;  Digestion;  Nutrition;  Physi- 
ological chemistry;  Physiology;  Plants  — 
Chemistry  and  nutrition 


Metachrosis    see    Color    of    animals;    Mimicry 
(biology) 

Metal  coloring 

See  also  Bronzing;  Coppersmithing;  Gild- 
ing; Goldsmithing;  Metal  work;  Silver- 
smithing 

Metal    corrosion    see    Corrosion    and    anti-cor- 
rosives 

Metal     protection     see     Corrosion     and     anti- 
corrosives 

Metal  work 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts  ;  Brasses  ;  Bronzes  ; 
Coppersmithing;  Cutlery;  Damaskeening; 
Dies;  Goldsmithing;  Hardware;  Ironwork; 
Jewelry;  Aletal  coloring;  Pewter;  Plate; 
Plate-metal  work;  Plating;  Punching 
machiner)- ;  Repousse  work;  Sheet-metal 
work;  Silversmithing;  Solder  and  soldering; 
Welding 

Metallochromy  see  Metal  coloring 
Metallography 

See  also  Alloys;  Iron;  Steel 


Metallurgy 

See  also  Alloys;  Amalgamation;  Assay- 
ing; Blast  furnaces;  Chemical  engineering; 
Chemistry,  Technical;  Cyanide  process; 
Electrometallurgy;  Furnaces;  Magnetic 
separation  of  ores;  Metals;  Ore  treatment; 
Ores;  Smelting;  also  names  of  metals 

Metals 

See  also  Alchemy;  Alloys;  Amalgams; 
Annealing;  Assaying ;  Blowpipe  ;  Chemistry, 
Inorganic;  Corrosion  and  anti-corrosives; 
Foundry  work;  Geology,  Economic;  Hard- 
ware; Metal  work;  Metallography;  Metal- 
lurgy; Mineralogy;  Mines  and  mineral 
resources;  Ore  deposits;  Ores;  Pattern  mak- 
ing; Periodic  law;  Precious  metals;  Slag; 
Smelting;  Solder  and  soldering;  Strength 
of  materials;  Welding;  Wire;  also  names  of 
metals  and  alloys,  e.g.  Aluminium;  Brass; 
Bronze;  Cobalt;  Copper;  Iron;  Lead; 
Manganese;  Mercury;  Nickel;  Platinum; 
Steel ;  Tin  ;  Zinc 

Mt'tanujrphic  rocks  see  Rocks 

Metaphor 

See  also  Rhetoric 

Metaphysical  healing  see  Mental  licaiing 


Refer  from  Ethics 


Refer  from  Jesus  Christ;  Jesus  Christ  — 
Messiahship;  Jews;  Jews  —  Religion 

Refer  from  Absorption  (physiology) ;  Anab- 
olism  (s) ;  Assimilation  (s) ;  Biology;  Botany 
—  Physiology;  Catabolism  (s) ;  Digestion; 
Katabolism  (s) ;  Nutrition;  Physiological 
chemistry;  Physiology;  Plants — Chemistry 
and  nutrition 


Refer  from  Bronzing;  Coloring  of  metals  (s) ; 
Coppersmithing;  Gilding;  Goldsmithing;  Iron- 
work; Metal  work;  Metallochromy  (s) ; 
Plating;  Silversmithing 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Arts  and  crafts; 
Decoration  and  ornament;  Dies;  Hardware; 
Industrial  arts;  Ironwork;  Manufactures; 
Metal  coloring;  Metals;  Plate-metal  work; 
Repousse  work;  Sheet-metal  work 


Refer  from  Alloys;  Iron;  Metals;  Micro- 
graphic  analysis  (s) ;  Microscope  and  micros- 
copy;  Microscopic  analysis  (s) ;  Steel 

Refer  from  Alloys;  Assaying;  Chemical  en- 
gineering; Chemistry;  Chemistry,  Technical; 
Cyanide  process;  Electrometallurgy;  Fur- 
naces ;  Industrial  arts ;  Metals ;  Ore  treatment; 
Ores;  Smelting;  Technology 


Refer  from  Aluminium;  Chemical  elements; 
Chemistry,  Inorganic;  Cobalt;  Copper; 
Geology;  Geology,  Economic;  Iron;  Lead; 
Manganese;  Manufactures;  Mercury;  Metal- 
lurgy; Mineralogy;  Mines  and  mineral  re- 
sources; Nickel;  Ores;  Platinum;  Steel;  Tin; 
Zinc 


Refer  from  Rhetoric 


237 


Metaphysics 

See  also  Absolute,  The;  Being;  Belief; 
Causation;  Consciousness;  Force  and  en- 
ergy; Infinite;  Knowledge;  Life;  Matter; 
Monadology;  Monism;  Necessity;  New 
thought;  Personality;  Philosophy;  Plural- 
ism; Psychology;  Reality;  Soul;  Space; 
Teleology;  Time;  Universe 

Metemps\'chosis  see  Transmigration 

Meteoritic  hypothesis 

See  also  l^Ieteors  ;  Nebulae 

Meteorites 

See  also  Meteors 
Meteorological  instruments 

See  also  Anemometer;  Barometer;  Ther- 
mometer 
Meteorological  observatories 

See  also  Meteorology  —  Observations 

Meteorology 

See  also  Air;  Atmospheric  electricity; 
Atmospheric  nucleation ;  Auroras;  Climate; 
Clouds;  Cold;  Cyclones;  Dew;  Droughts; 
Evaporation;  Floods;  Fog;  Frost;  Hail; 
Heat;  Humidity;  Hurricanes;  Hygrometry; 
Ice;  Lightning;  Meteorological  instruments; 
Ocean  ;  Physical  geography ;  Rain  ;  Rainbow ; 
Seasons;  Snow;  Storms;  Sun  spots;  Tem- 
perature; Thunderstorms;  Tornadoes;  Wa- 
terspouts; Weather;  Weather  forecasts; 
Weather  lore;  Winds;  also  names  of  coun- 
tries, subhead  Meteorology 

Observations 

See  also  JMeteorological  observatories 


-U.  S. 

See  also  U. 


S.  —  Climate 


Meteors 

See  also  Astronomy;  Meteorites;  Meteor- 
itic hypothesis 

Meter 

See  also  Poetry;  Prosody;  Rhythm;  Ver- 
sification 
Meters  see  Electric  meters;  Gas  meters;  Water 

meters;  Wattmeter;  etc. 
Methodism 

See  also  Episcopacy;  Methodist  Episcopal 
church;  Wesleyan  Methodist  church 
Methodist  Episcopal  church 

See  also  Bishops;  Methodism 

Metre  see  Meter 
Metric  system 

See    also    Decimal    system;    Weights    and 
measures 

Metrology    see     Mensuration;     Weights     and 

measures 
Mexican  boll  weevil  see  Boll  wcc\il 
Mexican  cotton-boll  weevil  see  Boll  weevil 
Mexican  war,  1846-1848,  see  U.  S.  —  History 

—  War  with  Mexico 
Mezzotint  see  Engraving 


Refer  from  Absolute,  The;  Being;  Causa- 
tion; Epistemology  (s) ;  God;  Infinite;  Knowl- 
edge; Monism;  Ontology  (s) ;  Philosophy; 
Psychology;  Reality;  Teleology;  Universe 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Meteors;  Nebulae; 
Solar  system;  Universe 

Refer  from  Aerolites  (s) ;  Astronomy  ;  Aleteors 

Refer  from  Anemometer;  Barometer;  Instru- 
ments; Meteorology;  Thermometer 

Refer  from  Meteorology  —  Observations; 
Observatories,  Meteorological  (s) 

Refer  from  Aerology  (s) ;  Air;  Atmos- 
phere (s) ;  Climate;  Clouds;  Earth;  Floods; 
Fog;  Humidity;  Physical  geography;  Physics; 
Rain;  Science;  Sky  (s) ;  Snow;  Storms;  Tem- 
perature; Water;  Waterspouts;  Weather; 
Winds 


Refer  from  Meteorological  observatories; 
Observations,  Meteorological  (s) 

Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Climate;  U.  S. — 
Meteorology  (s) 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Falling  stars  (s) ; 
Fireballs  (s) ;  Meteorites;  Meteoritic  hypoth- 
esis; Shooting  stars  (s) ;  Stars 

Refer  from  Metre  (s) ;  Poetry;  Prosody; 
Rhythm;  Versification 


Refer     from      Church      polity;      Dissenters; 
Episcopacy;  Methodist  Episcopal  church 

Refer  from  Episcopal  church  (s) ;  Methodism; 
Sects;  Wesleyans  (s) 


Refer  from  Aritiimctic;  Decimal  system; 
Mathematics;  Mensuration;  Units;  Weights 
and  measures 


238 


Mica 
Mice 

See  also  Rodents 

Microbes  see  Bacteriology;  Fungi 
Microchemistry 

Micrographic      analysis      see      Metallography; 

Microscope  and  microscopy 
Micrometer 

Micro-organisms  /(•(•  Animalcules;  Bacteriology 

Microphone 

Microphotography  see  Photomicrography 

Microscope  and  microscopy 

See  also  Bacteriology;  Histology;  Metal- 
lography; Microchemistry;  Photomicrog- 
raphy 


Microscopic  analysis   see   Metallography;    Mi= 

croscope  and  microscopy 
Microscopic  anatomy  see  Histology 
Microscopy  see  Microscope  and  microscopy 
Middle  ages 

See  also  Chivalry;  Feudalism;  Fifteenth 
century;  Inquisition;  Manors;  Monasti- 
cism;  Renaissance 

Architecture,  see  Architecture,  Aledieval 

Art,  see  Art,  Medieval 

Civilization,  see  Civilization,  IMedieval 

History 

See  also  Byzantine  empire;  Church 
history  —  Middle  ages ;  Crusades  ;  Hanse- 
atic  league;  Holy  Roman  empire;  Moors 
in  Spain;  Northmen;  Teutonic  knights 

Literature 

S('c  a/jo  Anglo-Saxon  literature;  Arthur- 
ian romances  ;  Charlemagne  — -  Romances  ; 
English  literature  —  History  and  criti- 
cism —  Middle  English 

Social  life  and  customs 

See  also  Chiwilry 
Middle  English  language  see  English  language 

—  Middle  English 
Middle    English   literature    see   English   litera- 
ture —  History       and       criticism  —  Middle 
English 
Middle  states 

See    also    Cumberland     road ;    Northwest 
Territory,  U.  S. ;  also  names  of  states 
Midwifery  see  Obstetrics 

Migration  of  animals  see  Animals  —  Migration 
Migration  of  birds  see  Birds  —  Migration 
Migration  of  nations 

See  also  Anthropogeography ;  Anthro- 
pology; Barbarian  invasions  of  Rome;  I'lth- 
nology ;  Immigration  and  emigration 

Migration  of  plants  see  Plants  -  -  Migration 
Mildew 

See  also  Fungi ;  Plants  —  Diseases 
Militarism 

See  also  Armies;  Disarmament;  Navies; 
Peace;  War 


Refer  from  Isinglass  (s) ;  Mineralogy 

Refer   from    Household    pests;    Mouse    (s) ; 
Rodents 

Refer  from   Chemistry;    Chemistry  —  Anal- 
ysis; Microscope  and  microscopy 


Refer  from  Measuring  instruments;  Survey- 
ing instruments 

Refer  fro?n  Electricity;  Telephone 


Refer  from  Animalcules;  Bacteriology;  Bi- 
ology; Botany;  Histology;  Medicine;  Mi- 
crographic analysis  (s) ;  Microscopic  analy- 
sis (s) ;  Microscopy  (s) ;  Natural  history ; 
Optical  instruments;  Photomicrograpiiy ; 
Science;  Zoology 


Refer   from    Archaeology;    Chivalry;    Dark 
ages  (s) ;  Feudalism;  Renaissance 


Refer  from  Byzantine  empire;  Church  his- 
tory—  Middle  ages;  Crusades;  Europe  — 
History  —  476-1492  (s) ;  Hanseatic  league; 
History;  History,  Aledieval  (s) ;  Holy  Roman 
empire;  Medieval  history  (s) 

Refer  from  Literature,  Medieval  (s) ;  Medie- 
val literature  (s) 


Refer  from    Central    states    (s) ;    Northwest 
Territory,  U.  S. 


Refer  from  Anthropogeography;  Anthro- 
pology; Barbarian  invasions  of  Rome;  Civiliza- 
tion; Ethnology;  Europe  —  History  —  To 
476;  History;  Immigration  and  emigration 


Refer  from  Fungi;  Plants — -  Diseases 

Refer  from  Armies;   Disarmament;   Interna- 
tional relations;  Navies;  Peace;  War 


239 


Military  aeronautics  Sc-e  Aeronautics,  Military 
Military  architecture 

See    also    Armories;    Arsenals;    Barracks; 
Castles;  Fortification;  Alilitary  engineering 

Military  art  and  science 

See  also  Aeronautics,  Military;  Ammuni- 
tion; Archery;  Armies;  Arms  and  armor; 
Artillery;  Artillery  drill  and  tactics  ;  Battles  ; 
Bounties,  Military;  Bugle  calls;  Camps 
(military);  Cavalry;  Cavalry  drill  and  tac- 
tics; Chariots;  Coast  defense;  Concentra- 
tion camps;  Conscription;  Disarmament; 
Drill  (military);  Explosives;  Fencing;  Fire- 
arms; Flags;  Fortification;  Guerrillas; 
Gunnery;  Hospitals,  Military;  Imaginary 
wars  and  battles;  Infantry;  Infantry  drill 
and  tactics;  Martial  law;  Militia;  Mines, 
Military;  Naval  art  and  science;  Ordnance; 
Prisoners  of  war;  Projectiles;  Railroads, 
Military;  Rifle  practice;  Scouts  and  scout- 
ing; Sieges;  Signals;  Soldiers;  Spies;  Tac- 
tics; Target  practice;  Tents;  Torpedoes; 
War;  War  games;  also  headings  beginning 
Military 
Military  biography 

See  also  Generals  ;  Soldiers 

Military  bounties  see  Bounties,  Military 
Military  bridges 

Military  costume   see   Arms    and    armor;   Uni- 
forms 
Military  education 

Military  engineering 

See  also  Coast  defense;  Engineering;  For- 
tification;   Military    architecture;    Military 
bridges;    Mines,   Alilitary;    Railroads,   Mili- 
tary 
Military  government 

See  also  Martial  law 

Military  history 

See  also  Battles;  Flistory;  Mercenary 
troops;  Military  biography;  Naval  history; 
Sieges;  also  names  of  wars,  battles,  places 
besieged,  generals,  etc.,  and  names  of  coun- 
tries, subheads  Army,  and  History,  Military 
Alilitary  hospitals  see  Hospitals,  Alilitary 
Military  hygiene 

See  also  Battlefield  relief;  Alcdicine,  Alili- 
tary;   Naval    hygiene;    Surgery,    Alilitary; 
also   subhead    Aledical    and   sanitary    affairs 
under  particular  wars 
Military  law 

See    also    Courts    martial;     International 
law;  Martial  law;  Alutiny 
Military  life  see  Army  life 
Military  maneuvers 

iSVt'  also  War  games;  Tactics 

Military  medicine  see  Alcdicine,  Alilitary 
Military  music 

See    also     Bands     (music);     Bugle     calls; 
Instrumentation  and  orchestration 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Architecture, 
Alilitary  (s) ;  Armories;  y\rsenals :  Barracks; 
Castles;  Fortification;  Military  engineering 

Refer  from  Armies;  Army  (s) ;  Artillery; 
Cavalry;  Drill  (military);  Fighting  (s) ;  In- 
fantry; Military  power  (s) ;  Alilitary  sci- 
ence (s) ;  Ordnance;  Science;  Sieges;  Soldiers; 
Strategy  (s) ;  Tactics;  War 


Refer  from    Biography;    Generals;    Alilitary 
history;  Soldiers 

Refer  frovi  Bridges;  Alilitary  engineering 


Refer  from  Education;  Education,  Mili- 
tary (s)  ;  Alilitary  schools  (s) ;  Military  train- 
ing (s) 

Refer  from  Engineering;  Engineering,  Alili- 
tary (s) ;  Military  architecture;  Mines,  Alili- 
tary 


Refer     from      Colonies      and      colonization; 
Government;  Martial  law 

Refer  from  Battles;  History;  History,  Mili- 
tary (s) ;  Naval  history;  Wars  (s) 


Refer  from  Armies;  Battlefield  relief;  Hy- 
giene; Hygiene,  Alilitary  (s) ;  Hygiene,  Public; 
Aledicinc,  Alilitary;  Naval  hygiene;  Occupa- 
tions—  Diseases  and  hygiene;  Sanitation 

Refer  from  Courts  martial;  International 
law;  Law;  Alartial  law 


Refer  from  Armies;  AIancu\'crs,  Alilitar_\-  (s) ; 
Alanoeuvres,  Alilitary  (s) ;  Tactics;  War  games 


Refer  from  Bands  (music);  Bugle  calls; 
Instrumental  music;  Alartial  music  (s)  ; 
Music 


240 


Military    power    see    Armies;    Disarmament; 

Military  art  and  science;  Navies;  Sea  power 
Military  railroads  see  Railroads,  Military 
Military  schools  see  Military  education 
Military  science  see  Military  art  and  science 
Military  service 

^ce     also     Conscription;     Recruiting     and 

enlistment 
Military  surgery  see  Surgery,  Pvlilitary 
Military  tactics  see  Tactics 
Military  training  see  Military  education 
Military  trials  see  Courts  martial 
Military  uniforms  see  Uniforms 
Militia 

See    also    Naval    militia;    also    names    of 

states  and  countries,  subhead  Militia 
Milk 

See   also   Butter;    Cheese;    Cows;    Cream; 

Cream      separators;      Dairy      bacteriology; 

Dairy    products;    Dairying;    Kumiss;   Alilk 

supply;  Milking 
Milk  supply 

Milking 

See  also  Dairying 
Milky  way 

See  also  Astronomy 
Millennial  church  see  Shakers 
Millennium 

See    also    Christadelphians ;    Future    life; 
Jesus  Christ;  Second  advent 
Millerites  see  Second  adventists 
Millinery 

See     also     Artificial     flowers;     Costume; 
Feathers;  Hats;  Headgear 
Milling  Cflour)  see  Flour  and  flour  mills 
Milling  machines 

See  also  A-Iachine  tools 
Millionaires 

See  also  Capitalists  and  financiers ;  Wealth 

Mills  and  millwork 

See  also  Factories;  Flour  and  fiour  mills; 
Machinery;     Manufactures;    Rolling    mills; 
Sawmills;    Scientific    management;    Textile 
factories 
Mimicry 

See  also  Caricature  and   cartoons;   Imita- 
tion 
Mimicry  (biology) 

See  also  Animals  —  Habits  and  behavior; 
Color  of  animals 

Mind  see  Intellect;  Psychology 

Mind  and  body 

See  also  Brain  ;  Christian  science  ;  Dreams ; 
Dualism;  Emmanuel  movement;  Ennui; 
Fatigue,  Mental;  Flypnotism;  Inhibition; 
Insanity;  Alental  healing;  ■Mental  hygiene; 
Monism;  Nervous  system;  New  thought; 
Phrenology;  Psychology;  Psychology,  Phys- 
iological; Subconsciousness;  Suggestion; 
Worry 

Mind  cure  see  Mental  healing 

Mind  in  animals  see  Animal  intelligence 


Refer  from  Armies;  Army  life;  Conscription; 
Recruiting  and  enlistment 


Refer  from  Armies;  Military  art  and  science 


Refer  from  Beverages;  Cows;  Cream;  Dairy 
products;  Dairying;  Food 


Refer  from  Food  adulteration  and  inspection; 
Hygiene,  Public;  Milk 

Refer  from  Cows;  Dairying;  Milk 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Galaxy  (s)  ;  Stars 


Refer  from   Eschatology;   Future   life;   Jesus 
Christ;  Second  advent;  Theology 


Refer  from  Costume;  Domestic  arts;  Hats; 
Headgear 


Refer  from  Machine  tools;  Machinery 

Refer  from  Biography;  Capitalists  and  finan- 
ciers; Fortunes  (s) ;  Wealth 

Refer  from   Architecture;   Factories;    Indus- 
trial arts;  Machinery;  IVIanufactures 


Refer  from  Caricature  and  cartoons;  Imita- 
tion 

Refer  from  Animals;  Animals  —  Habits  and 
behavior;  Biology;  Color  of  animals;  Evolu- 
tion; Metachrosis  (s) ;  Protective  mimicry  (s) 


Refer  from  Body  and  mind  (s) ;  Brain; 
Dualism;  Hygiene;  Hypnotism;  Insanity; 
Medicine;  Mental  healing;  Mental  h\'giene; 
Mental  physiology  (s) ;  Monism;  Nervous 
system;  Philosophy;  Physiology;  Psychology; 
Psychology,  Physiological 


241 


Mind  reading 

See      also       Clairvoyance;       Hypnotism; 
Psychical  research;  Thought  transference 

Mind  training  see  Jvlental  discipline 
Mine  accidents 

Si^e   also    Fire   damp;    Aline   fires;    Safety 
lamps;  also  names  of  special  mine  disasters 


Mine    explosions    see    Mine    accidents;    Mine 

fires 
Mine  fires 

See    also    Fire    damp;     Mine    accidents; 

Safety  lamps 

Mine  labor  see  Miners 

Aline  planting  see  Alines,  Alilitary 

Mine  surveying 

Mine  ventilation 

Si-e  also  Fire  damp 


Mineral  lands  see  Alines  and  mineral  resources; 

Ore  deposits 
Alineral  oils  see  Oils  and  fats;  Petroleum 
Alineral     resources     see     Alines     and     minera 

resources 
Alineral  springs  see  Alineral  waters 
Mineral  waters 

See   also   Beverages;  Geology,  Economic; 

Health       resorts;       Sanatoriums;       Sulphur 

springs 

Mineralogy 

SV^  also  Abrasives;  Assaying;  Blowpipe; 

Crystallography;       Gems;       Geochemistry; 

Geology;     Hardness;     Aletals ;    Alines    and 

mineral    resources;    Ores;    Precious    stones; 

Rare  earths;  Rocks;  Stone;  also  names  of 

minerals,    e.g.    Asbestos,    Coal,    Diamonds, 

Alica 
Alinerals  see  Alincralogy;  Alines  and   mineral 

resources;  Ores 
Miners 


Mines,  Military 

See    also    Blasting;    Explosives;    Alilitary 
engineering;  Mines,  Submarine 

Mines,  Submarine 

See  also  I'orpcdoes 


Mines  and  mineral  resources 

See  also  Coal  mines  anti  mining;  Copper 
mines  and  mining;  (jcology,  I'lconomic; 
Gold  mines  and  mining;  Hydraulic  mining; 
Iron  mines  and  mining;  Lead  mines  and 
mining;  Mercury;  Metals;  Aline  accidents; 
Mine  fires;  Aline  surveying;  Aline  ventila- 
tion; Mineralogy;  Aliners;  Alining  engi- 
neering;   Mining  laws;  Mining  machinery; 


Refer  from  Clairvoyance;  Psychical  research  ; 
Psychology;  Spiritualism;  Telepathy  (s) ; 
Thought  transference 


Refer  from  Accidents;  Coal  mines  and  min- 
ing; Disasters;  Explosions;  Fire  damp;  Mine 
explosions  (s)  ;  Mine  fires;  Alines  and  mineral 
resources;  Alining  accidents  (s) ;  Occupations, 
Dangerous;  Safety  lamps 


Refer  from  Fire  damp  ;  Fires  ;  Mine  accidents  ; 
Aline  explosions  (s) ;  Mines  and  mineral  re- 
sources; Safety  lamps 


Refer  from  Alines  and  mineral  resources; 
Alining  engineering;  Surveying 

Refer  from  Fire  damp;  Alines  and  mineral 
resources;  Alining  engineering;  Ventilation; 
Ventilation  of  mines  (s) 


Refer  from  Beverages;  Geochemistry; 
Geology,  Economic;  Health  resorts;  Hydro- 
therapy; Alineral  springs  (s) ;  Springs;  Sul- 
phur springs;  Therapeutics;  Water 

Refer  from  Blowpipe;  Chemical  geology  (s) ; 
Chemistry  ;  Chemistry  —  Analysis  ;  Chemistry, 
Inorganic;  Crystallography;  Diamonds;  Geo- 
chemistry; Geology;  Aletals;  Alinerals  (s) ; 
Alines  and  mineral  resources;  Natural  history; 
Ores;  Precious  minerals  (s) ;  Rare  earths; 
Rocks;  Science 


Refer  from  Coal  mines  and  mining;  Labor 
and  laboring  classes;  Mine  labor  (s) ;  Alines 
and  mineral  resources;  Alining  life  (s) 

Refer  from  Blasting;  Explosives;  Fortifica- 
tion; Alilitary  art  and  science;  Alilitary  en- 
gineering; Aline  planting  (s) ;  Sieges;  Tunnels 

Refer  from  Coast  defense;  Alines,  Alilitary; 
Naval  art  and  science;  Submarine  mines  (s) ; 
Submarine  warfare;  Torpedoes 

Refer  from  Conservation  of  resources;  Earth  ; 
Geology,  Economic;  Hydraulic  mining;  Metals; 
Mineral  lands  (s) ;  Mineral  resources  (s) ; 
Alineralogy;  Minerals  (s) ;  Alining  (s) ;  Natural 
resources;  Ore  deposits;  Ores;  Precious 
minerals  (s) ;  Prospecting;  Quarries  and 
quarrying 


242 


Mines  and  mineral  resources  —  Coniinued 
Natural     resources;     Ore     deposits;     Ores; 
Precious  metals;  Prospecting;  Quarries  and 
quarrying;  Salt;  Shaft  sinking;  Silver  mines 
and  mining;  Sulphur;  Tin;  Zinc 

— u.  s. 

Miniature  painting 

Mining    see     Mines     and     mineral     resources; 

Mining  engineering 
Mining  accidents  see  Mine  accidents 
Mining  engineering 

See    also    Blasting;    Boring;    Explosives; 

Electricity    in    mining;    Hydraulic    mining; 

Mine  surveying;   Mine  ventilation;  Alining 

machinery;  Mining  schools   and  education; 

Rock  drills;  Shaft  sinking;  Tunnels 
Mining  laws 

Mining  life  see  Miners 
Mining  machinery 

See  also  Conveying  machinery;  Electricity 
in  mining;  Excavating  machinery;  Hoisting 
machinery;  Rock  drills 

Mining  schools  and  education 

Ministers  of  state 

See  also  Ambassadors;  Chancellors,  Lord; 
Diplomacy;  International  law;  Internation- 
al relations;  Prime  ministers;  Treaties 
Ministers  of  the  gospel  see  Clergy;  Preachers; 

Priests 
Minnesingers 

See  also  German  poetry;  Meistersingers 


Minorites  see  Franciscans 

Minority  representation  see  Proportional  rep- 
resentation 
Minstrel  shows 

Minstrels 

See    also    Bards;    Meistersingers;    Minne- 
singers;    Troubadours;     Trouveres ;     Way- 
faring life 
Mints 

See  also  Coinage 
Miocene   period  see  Geology,   Stratigraphic  — 

Miocene;  Paleontology^  Miocene 
Miracle,  morality  and  mystery  plays 
See  also  Drama;  Passion  plays 


Miracles 

See  also  Christianity — Evidences;  Holy 
wells;  Jesus  Christ — Miracles;  Mary,  Vir- 
gin; Relics;  Saints;  Shrines;  Spiritualism; 
Supernatural 

Mirage  * 

Mirrors 


Misers 

See  alsc 


Avarice 


Refer  from  U.  S. —  Industries  and  resources; 
U.  S. —  Mines  and  mineral  resources  (s) 

Refer  from  Art;  Painting;  Portrait  painting 


Refer  from  Blasting;  Civil  engineering; 
Coal  mines  and  mining;  Electricity  in  mining; 
Engineering;  Engineering,  Mining  (s) ;  Hy- 
draulic engineering;  Mines  and  mineral  re- 
sources; Mining  (s) ;  Shaft  sinking;  Tunnels 

Refer  from  Labor  laws;  Law;  Mines  and 
mineral  resources 


Refer  from  Conveying  machinery;  Electricity 
in  mining;  Excavating  machinery;  Hoisting 
machinery;  Machinery;  Mines  and  mineral 
resources;  Alining  engineering;  Rock  drills 

Refer  from  Alining  engineering;  Technical 
education 

Refer  from  Biography;  Statesmen 


Refer  from  Bards;  German  poetry;  Lyric 
poetry;  Aleistersingers ;  Minstrels;  Poetry; 
Poets 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Negro  minstrels  (s) ; 
Theater 

Refer  from  Bards;  Poets;  Wayfaring  life 


Refer  from  Coinage;  Aloney 


Refer  from  Drama;  English  drama;  Aiorality 
plays  (s);  Mysteries  (dramatic)  (s) ;  Alystery 
plays  (s) ;  Passion  plays;  Theater 

Refer  from  Bible  ;  Catholic  church  ;  Christian- 
ity ;  Christianity  —  Evidences ;  Churcli  history  ; 
Divine  healing  (s) ;  Faith  cure;  Jesus  Christ; 
Relics;  Religion;  Shrines;  Supernatural;  The- 
ology 

Refer  from  Deserts;  Optical  illusions 

Refer  from  Aberration;  Furniture;  Glass 
manufacture;  Looking-glasses  (s) 

Refer  from  Avarice;  Thrift;  Wealth 


243 


Misfortune 

See  also  Affliction 
Misrepresentation  see  Fraud 
Missals 

See  also  Catholic  church  —  Liturgy  and 
ritual;  Liturgies;  Mass 

Missing  link 

Missionaries 

See   also   Christian   biography;    Missions; 
Student  volunteer  movement 
Missionary  societies 
Missions 

See  also  Bible  —  Publication  and  distri- 
bution;  Conversion;  Evangelistic  work; 
Indians  —  Missions;  Missionaries;  Mis- 
sionary societies;  Revivals;  Student  volun- 
teer movement;  Tract  societies;  also  names 
of  churches  and  religious  orders,  subhead 
Missions,  e.g.  Catholic  church  —  Missions; 
Church  of  England  —  Missions;  Jesuits  — 
Missions 

Foreign 

See    also    Missions,    Medical ;    Student 
volunteer  movement 

Home 

See     also     City     missions;     Indians  — 
Missions 
Medical 

Seamen 

Missouri  compromise 

5^1?   also   Kansas-Nebraska    bill;    U.    S. — 

History —  1815-1861 
Mistakes     see     Blunders;     Errors,      Popular; 

Errors  and  blunders,  Literary 
Mitosis  see  Karyoklnesis 
Mnemonics  see  Memory 
Mobs  see  Crowds;  Lynch  law;  Riots 
Mock  trials  see  Moot  courts 
Modeling 

Sec   also   Arts    and    crafts;    Plaster   casts; 

Sculpture 

Modern  history  see  History,  Modern 
Modern  philosophy  see  Philosophy,  Modern 
Modernism 


Modulation 

Src  also  Harmony 

Moghul  empire  see  Mogul  empire 
Mogul  empire 

See  also  India  —  History 

Mohammedan    architecture    see    Architecture, 
Mohammedan 

Mohammedanism  ' 

See  also  Arabs;  liablsm ;  Caliphs;  Der- 
vishes; Koran;  Mecca;  Moors;  Moors  in 
Spain;  Mosques;  I'anislamism ;  Saracens; 
Sufism  ;  Turkey  —  History  ;  VVahabis 


Refer  from  Adversity  (s) ;  Affliction;  Trou- 
ble (s) 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  —  Liturgy  and 
ritual;  Church  music;  Illumination  of  manu- 
scripts and  books;  Liturgies;  Mass 

Refer  from  Evolution;  Man  —  Origin  and 
antiquity 

Refer  from  Christian  biography;  Evangel- 
ists (s) ;  Heroes;  Missions 

Refer  from  Missions;  Societies 

Refer  from  Christianity;  Church  exten- 
sion (s) ;  Church  history;  Church  work; 
Conversion;  Evangelistic  work;  Missionaries; 
Religion 


Refer  from  Foreign  missions  (s) 


Refer  from  Home  missions  (s) 

Refer  from  Charities,  Medical;  Medical 
missions  (s) ;  Medicine;  Missions,  Foreign 

Refer  from  Fishermen;  Sailors;  Sailors' 
missions  (s) ;  Seamen's  missions  (s) 

Refer  from  Missouri  —  History;  Slavery  In 
the  U.  S. ;  U.  S.—  History  —  1815-1861 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Clay;  Clay 
modeling  (s) ;  Manual  training;  Plaster  casts; 
Sculpture 


Refer  from  Bible  —  Criticism  and  interpre- 
tation; Catholic  church;  Liberalism;  Reli- 
gion and  science;  Theology 

Refer  from  Harmony;  Music;  Music  — 
Theory 


Refer   from     India  —  History;    Moghul  em- 
pire (s) ;  Mongols 


Refer  /"row  Arabs;  Babism;  Caliphs;  Der- 
vishes ;  islam  (s)  ;  Koran  ;  Maliommedanism  (s) ; 
Moors;  Moslems  (s) ;  Kluhammedanism  (s) ; 
Muslims  (s);  Mussclmans  (s) ;  Polygamy; 
Religions;  Saracens;  Suiism;  VVahabis 


244 


Moisture  of  soils  see  Soil  moisture 
Moisture  of  the  air  see  Humidity 
Molasses 

See  also  Sorghum 

Mold 

See  also  Fungi 

Vegetable,  see  Soils 

Molding  see  Foundry  work 
Moldings 

See  also  .\rchitecture 

Molecules 

See  also  Atoms;  Chemistry;  Chemistry, 
Physical ;  Physics  ;  Stereochemistry 

Mollusks 

See  also  Bivalves  ;  Cephalopoda  ;  Gasterop- 
oda; Invertebrates;  Marine  zoology;  Oys- 
ters ;  Pearls 

Fossil 

Monachism  see  Monasticism 
Monadism  see  Monadology 
Monadology 


Monads  (philosophy)  see  Monadology 

Monarchs  see  Kings  and  rulers 

Monarchy 

See  also  Coronations;  Courts  and  cour- 
tiers; Democracy;  Despotism;  Divine  right 
of  kings;  Emperors;  Government;  Kings 
and  rulers;  Princes  and  princesses;  Queens 
and  empresses;  Regency;  Tyranny 


Monasteries 

See  also  Abbeys;  Convents  and  nunneries; 
Monasticism 

Monastic    orders    see    Monasticism;    Religious 
orders 

Monasticism 

See  also  Asceticism;  Augustinians ;  Bene- 
dictines; Brotherhoods;  Buddhism;  Capu- 
chins; Carthusians;  Celibacy;  Cistercians; 
Convents  and  nunneries;  Dominicans;  Fran- 
ciscans; Jesuits;  Monasteries;  Nuns;  Re- 
ligious orders ;  Sisterhoods ;  Trappists 


Money 

See  also  Bank  notes;  Banks  and  banking; 
Bimetallism;  Business;  Capital;  Checks; 
Coinage;  Commerce;  Counterfeits;  Credit; 
Decimal  system;  Ivxchange;  Finance;  For- 
eign exchange  ;  Gold  (as  money) ;  Greenbacks  ; 
Interest;  Investments;  Legal  tender;  Mints; 
Numismatics;  Paper  money;  Prices;  Shell 
money;  Silver  (as  money);  Stock  exchange; 
Wampum;  Wealth 


Refer     from      Sorghum;      Sugar;      Syrups; 
Treacle  (s) 

Refer  from  Fungi;  Mould  (s) 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Carpentry;  Deco- 
ration and  ornament;  Mouldings  (s) 

Refer  from   Atoms;   Chemistry;    Chemistry, 
Physical;  flatter;  Physics 


Refer  from  Bivalves;  Cephalopoda;  Con- 
chology  (s) ;  Gasteropoda;  Invertebrates; 
Malacology  (s) ;  Marine  zoology;  Shells 
(conchology)  (s) 

Refer  from  Fossil  mollusks  (s) ;  Inverte- 
brates, Fossil;  Paleontology 


Refer  from  Metaph\-sics ;  Monadism  (s) ; 
Monads  (philosophy)  (s) ;  Philosophy ;  Uni- 
verse 


Rejer  from  Constitutional  law;  Democracy; 
Despotism;  Divine  right  of  kings;  Executive 
power;  Government;  Kings  and  rulers;  King- 
ship (s) ;  Magistrates;  Princes  and  princesses; 
Queens  and  empresses  ;  Royalty  (s) ;  Rulers  (s) ; 
Sovereigns  (s) 


Refer  from  Abbeys;  Catholic  church  ;  Church 
property;  Cloisters  (s) ;  Convents  and  nunner- 
ies ;  Monasticism 


Refer  from  Asceticism;  Augustinians;  Bene- 
dictines; Brotherhoods;  Capuchins;  Carthu- 
sians; Catholic  church;  Catholic  church  — 
Clergy;  Celibacy;  Christian  biography  ;  Chris- 
tian life  and  character;  Church  discipline; 
Church  history;  Church  polity;  Cistercians; 
Clerg)' ;  Convents  and  nunneries;  Dominicans; 
Franciscans;  Friars  (s) ;  Middle  ages;  Mon- 
achism (s) ;  Monasteries;  Alonastic  orders  (s) ; 
Monks  (s) ;  Orders,  Monastic  (s) ;  Religion; 
Religious  orders 

Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Bills  of 
credit  (s) ;  Bills  of  exchange  (s) ;  Bimetallism; 
Bullion  (s) ;  Business;  Capital;  Coinage; 
Commerce  ;  Counterfeits  ;  Credit ;  Currency  (s) ; 
Economics;  Exchange;  Finance;  Foreign  ex- 
change; Gold  (as  money);  Legal  tender; 
Numismatics;  Paper  money;  Precious  metals; 
Silver  (as  money);  Specie  (s) ;  Standard  of 
value  (s) ;  Stock  exchange;  Value;  Wealth 


245 


Money  —  Continued 

U.  S. 

See    also  Banks  and  banking 
Coinage  —  U.  S. ;  Greenbacks 


Mongols 

See  also  China  —  History;  Mogul  empire; 
Mongolia;  Tartars 
Monism 

See   also    Metaphysics;    Mind    and    body; 
Pantheism 
Monkeys 

See  also  Apes;  Gorillas;  Primates 
Monks  see  Hermits;  Monasticism 
Monograms 

See  also   Artists'    marks;    Initials;    Letter- 
ing 
Monologues 

See  also  Recitations  and  readings 

Monoplanes  see  Aeroplanes 
Monopolies 

See   also   Capital;    Competition;    Govern- 
ment    ownership;      Alunicipal     ownership; 
Privileged     classes ;      Restraint     of     trade ; 
Trusts 
Monorailways     see     Railroads  —  Single     rail ; 

Suspended  railways 
Monotheism 

See  also  God 
Monotype  see  Typesetting  machines 
Monroe  doctrine 

See  also  Drago  doctrine;  Intervention 


Monsters 

See   also   Deformities;   Dragons;   Dwarfs; 
Giants ;  Sea  serpents 
Monstrosities  see  Monsters 
Months 

iS^^    also    Seasons;    Year;    also    names    of 
months 
Monumental  brasses  see  Brasses 
Monuments 

See  also  Archaeology;  Arches  of  triumph; 
Brasses;  Cromlechs;  Inscriptions;  Obelisks; 
Pyramids;  Sculpture;  Soldiers'  monuments; 
Statues;  Tombs;  Tombstones;  also  names 
of  cities,  subhead  Monuments 
Moon 

See    also    Astronomy;    Eclipses;    Occulta- 
tions ;  Tides 

Moorish    architecture    see    Architecture,    Mo- 
hammedan 
Moors 

See  also  Algeria  ;  Arabs  ;  Mohammedanism  ; 
Morocco;  Saracens 
Moors  in  Spain 

See  also  Spain  —  History  —  To  1479 


U.    S.;  Refer  from   Coinage  —  U.    S. ;    Greenbacks; 

Resumption  of  specie  payment  (s) ;  Specie 
payment  (s) ;  Silver  question  (s) ;  U.  S. — 
Currency  question  (s) ;  U.  S. —  Economic 
conditions  ;  U.  S. —  Finance ;  U.  S. —  Money  (s) 

Refer    from     China  —  History;     Mongolia; 
Tartars;  Yellow  races 

Refer   from    Dualism;    Metaphysics;    Mind 
and  body;  Pantheism;  Philosophy;  Universe 

Refer  from  Apes;  Primates 


Refer     from     Decoration      and     ornament; 
Initials ;  Lettering 

Refer   from    Amateur    theatricals;    Drama; 
Impersonation  (s) ;  Recitations  and  readings 


Refer  from  Capital;  Commerce;  Competi- 
tion; Corners,  Commercial  (s) ;  Economics; 
Forestalling  (s) ;  Privileged  classes;  Re- 
straint of  trade;  Trusts 


Moot  courts 


Refer  from  God;  Theology 


Refer  from  International  law;  International 
relations;  Intervention;  Latin  America;  U.  S. 
—  Foreign  relations 

Refer  from  Deformities;  Man;  Monstrosi- 
ties (s) ;  Physiology;  Teratology  (s) ;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Year 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Burial;  Sculpture; 
Statues;  Tombs;  Tombstones 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Eclipses;  Lunar 
theory  (s) ;  Mechanics,  Celestial;  Planets; 
Satellites ;  Tides 


Refer  from  Algeria. ;  Arabs ;  Mohammedanism  ; 
Morocco;  Saracens 

Refer  from  Arabs  in  Spain  (s) ;  Middle 
ages  —  History;  Mohammedanism;  Moris- 
cos  (s) ;  Spain  —  History  —  To  1479 

Refer  from  Courts;  Mock  trials  (s) 


246 


Moraines 

See  also  Boulders;  Drift;  Glaciers;  Physi- 
cal geography 
Moral   conditions   see   names   of  countries   and 

cities,  subhead  Moral  conditions 
Moral  education 

See  also   Character;   Children  —  Manage- 
ment; Religious  education 

Moral  philosophy  see  Ethics 

Morality  see  Ethics 

Morality    plays    see     Miracle,     morality     and 

mystery  plays 
Morals    see    Ethics,    and    names    of   countries, 

subhead  Moral  conditions 
Morasses  see  Marshes 
Moravians 


Moriscos  see  Moors  in  Spain 
Mormons  and  Mormonism 

See  also  Salt  Lake  City;  Utah 


Morphia  see  Morphine 
Morphine 

See     also      Xarcotic      habit;      Narcotics; 
Opium 
Morphology 

See     also     Anatomy;     Biology;     Botany, 
Structural;  Cells;  Embryology;  Histology 

Morphology  of  plants  see  Botany,  Structural 
Morris  dance 

See,  also  Dancing 
Mortality 

See  also  Death;  Vital  statistics 

Mortar  see  Cement 
Mortgages 

See    also    Investments;    Real    estate;    Se- 
curities 


Mortmain 

Alortuary    customs    see    Burial;     Cremation; 

Death;     Embalming;     Funeral     rites     and 

ceremonies;    Indians  —  Mortuary    customs; 

Urn  burial 
Mosaic  law 

See  also  Antinomianism  ;  Commandments  ; 

Bible  —  Old       Testament  — -  Deuteronomy ; 

Bible  —  Old    Testament — Leviticus;    Jews 

—  I -aw 
Mosaics 

See   also   Arts    and    crafts;    Inlay;    Mural 

painting  and  decoration 

Moslems  see  Mohammedanism 
Mosques 

See     also     Architecture,      Mohammedan; 
Architecture,  Oriental 


Refer     from      Boulders;      Drift;      Geology: 
Glaciers;  Physical  geography 


Refer  from  Children  —  Management;  Edu- 
cation; Education,  Moral  (s) ;  Ethical  edu- 
cation (s) ;  Ethics  ;  Religious  education 


Refer  frovi  Bohemian  brethren  (s) ;  Herrn- 
huters  (s) ;  Sects;  Unitas  fratrum  (s) ;  United 
brethren  (s) 


Refer  from  Church  of  Christ  of  latter-day 
saints  (s) ;  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  latter-day 
saints  (s) ;  Latter-day  saints  (s) ;  Polygamy; 
Religions;  Salt  Lake  City;  Sects;  Utah 


Refer  from  Alkaloids;  Morphia  (s) ;  Nar- 
cotic habit;  Narcotics;  Opium 

Refer  from  \m.lomy  ;  Anatomy, Comparative  ; 
Biology;  Comparative  morphology  (s) ;  Or- 
ganography (s) ;  Physiology 


Refer  from  Dancing;  England  —  Social  life 
and  customs 

Refer  from  Death;  Death  rate  (s) ;  \'ital 
statistics 


Refer  from  Chattel  mortgages  (s) ;  Com- 
mercial law;  Contracts;  Conveyancing;  Forms 
(in  law);  Incumbrances  (s) ;  Investments; 
Land  titles;  Law;  Liens;  Loans;  Negotiable 
instruments;  Property;  Real  estate;  Securities 

Refer  from  Charities;  Land  tenure;  Law; 
Legacies;  Trustees 


Refer  from  Bible  —  Old  Testament  —  Deu- 
teronomy; Bible  —  Old  Testament — Leviti- 
cus; Commandments;  Jews  —  Law;  Jews  — 
Religion ;  Law 

Refer  from  Art;  Arts  and  crafts;  Decoration 
and  ornament;  Floors;  Inlay;  Mural  painting 
and  decoration;  Pavements 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Architecture,  Mo- 
hammedan; Architecture,  Orienlal;  Ciiurch 
architecture;  Mohammedanism;  Temples 


247 


Mosquitoes 

See   also 


Diptera ;    Insects    as    carriers    of 


contagion;  Malaria;  Yellow  fever 


Moss  see  Mosses 
Mosses 

See  also  Algae;  Cryptogams;  Lichens 

Most    favored    nation    clause    see    Commercial 

treaties 
Motherhood  see  Mothers 
Mothers 

See    also    Children;    Home;    Matriarchy; 

Parents ;  Women 


Mothers'  clubs 

See  also  Child  study 


W- 


omen  s  c 


ubs 


Moths 

See  also  Caterpillars;  Codling  moth; 
Cutworms;  Gipsy  moth;  Lepidoptera ; 
Silkworms 

Motion 

See  also  Animal  locomotion;  Dynamics; 
Force  and  energy;  Kinematics;  Locomotion; 
Alechanical  movements:  Mechanics;  Mo- 
tors; Perpetual  motion;  Rotation;  Velocity; 
Vibration 

Motion  pictures  see  Moving  pictures 

Motor  boats 


Motor  carriages  see  Automobiles 
Motor  cycles 

Motor  vehicles  see  Automobiles 

Motoring  see  Automobile  touring;  Automobiles 

Motors 

See  also  Aeronautic  motors;  Alcohol 
motors;  Automobiles;  Compressed  air; 
Dynamos;  Electric  motors;  Engines;  Farm 
motors;  Gas  and  oil  engines;  Hydraulic 
motors;  Locomotives;  Machinery;  Solar 
motors;  Steam  engines;  Turbines;  Water 
wheels;  Windmills 

Mottoes 

See  also  Devices;  Heraldry;  Quotations 

Mould  see  Mold 

Moulding  see  Foundry  work 

Mouldings  see  Moldings 

Mound     builders     see     Mounds     and     mound 
builders 

Mounds  and  mound  builders 

See  also  I^arthworks  (archaeology) ;  In- 
dians—  Antiquities;  Kitchen  middens; 
U.   S.  —  Antiquities 


Mountain  climbing  see  Mountaineering 
Mountain  railroads 

iS^^     also     Cable      railroads;      Suspended 
railways 


Refer  from  Contagion  and  contagious  dis- 
eases;  Diptera;  Household  pests;  Insects, 
Injurious  and  beneficial;  Insects  as  carriers 
of  contagion;  Malaria;  Yellow  fever 


Refer  from    Bryology    (s) ;    Bryophytes    (s) ; 
Cryptogams;  Moss  (s) 


Refer  from  Children;  Family;  Home;  Love; 
Maternity  (s) ;  Motherhood  (s) ;  Parents; 
Wives ;  Women 

Refer  from  Child  study;  Clubs;  Social 
settlements;  Women's  clubs 

Refer  from  Caterpillars;  Insects,  Injurious 
and  beneficial;  Lepidoptera 


Refer  from  Dynamics;  Force  and  energy; 
Kinematics;  Kinetics  (s) ;  Mechanics;  Physics; 
Vibration 


Refer  from  Autoboats  (s) ;  Boats  and  boating ; 
Electric  boats  (s) ;  Electric  launches  (s) ;  Gaso- 
line launches  (s) ;  Launches  (s) ;  Navigation; 
Power  boats  (s) ;  Shipbuilding 


Refer  from   Automobiles;    Bicycles 
cycles;  Cycles,  Motor  (s) ;  Cycling 


md    tri- 


Refer  from  Automobiles;  Engines;  Ma- 
chinery; Mechanics;  Motion;  Physics;  Power; 
Power  transmission 


Refer  from    Devices ; 
Literature;  Quotations 


Emblems ;    Heraldry 


Refer 
Burial ; 
ogy; 
dians 
dens ; 
U.  S. 


fro7n     Archaeology;      Barrows      (s) ; 
;     Earthworks     (archaeology) ;     Ethnol- 
Grave     mounds     (s) ;    Graves    (s) ;    In- 
Indians  —  Antiquities;    Kitchen   mid- 
Mound  builders  (s) ;  Tombs;  Tumuli  (s) ; 


\ntiquilies 
Refer  from  Cable  railroads;  Railroads 


248 


Mountain  whites  see  Mountaineers  of  the  South 
Mountaineering 

See  also  Alpine  clubs 

Mountaineers  of  the  South 


Mountains 

See    also    Alpine     clubs;    Alpine    plants; 
Avalanches;       Geology;       Mountaineering; 
Phj'sical  geography;  \'olcanoes ;  also  names 
of  mountains 
Mourning  customs 

Mouse  see  Mice 
Mouth 

See  also  Teeth 

Movement     cure     see     Gymnastics,     Medical; 

Mechanotherapy;  Swedish  movement  cure 
Movements  of  animals  see  Animal  locomotion; 

Irritability 
Movements  of  plants  see  Plants  —  Movements 
Moving  pictures 


Mowing   machines 

See  also  Farm  implements 


md 


:hine 


ry 


Muhammedanism  see  Mohammedanism 
Multiple  personality  see  Personality 
Mummies 

See' also    Egypt  —  Antiquities;    Embalm- 
ing 
Municipal  accounts 

See  also  Accounting;  Municipal  finance 

Municipal   administration   see   Municipal   gov- 
ernment 

Municipal  art 

See  also  Cities  —  Planning  and  laying  out ; 
Municipal  centers;  Municipal  improvement; 
Public  buildings 

Municipal  bonds  see  Bonds 

Municipal  buildings  see  Public  buildings 

Municipal  centers 

See  also  Cities  —  Planning  and  laying  out; 
Public  buildings 


Municipal  charters  see  Charters;  also  names  of 

cities,  subhead  Charters 
Municipal  corporations 

See  also  Boroughs  ;  Cities  ;  Courts,  Munic- 
ipal;      Municipal     government;      Municipal 
law;  Towns 
Municipal  corruption  see  Political  corruption 
Municipal  courts  see  Courts,  Municipal 
Municipal  debts  see  Municipal  finance 
Municipal  engineering 

See  also  Municipal  improvement;  Pa\e- 
ments;  Public  works;  Refuse  and  refuse  dis- 
posal;     Sanitary     engineering;      Sewerage; 


Refer  from  Alpine  clubs;  Mountain  climb- 
ing (s) ;  Alountains;  Outdoor  life;  Sports 

Refer  from  Cumberland  Alountains;  Ken- 
tucky; Mountain  whites  (s) ;  Southern  states; 
Tennessee 


Refer    from     Avalanches ; 
ogy  (s) ;  Physical  geography 


Geology ;     Orol- 


Refer  from   Death ;   Funeral   rites   and 
monies;  Manners  and  customs 


Refer  from  Anatomy;  Dentistry;  Digestive 
s}-stem;  Face;  Head 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Animatograph  (s) ; 
Biograph  (s) ;  Chronophotography  (s) ;  Cine- 
matograph (s) ;  Entertainments;  Kinemato- 
graph  (s) ;  Kinetograph  (s) ;  Kinetoscope  (s) ; 
Motion  pictures  (s) ;  Photography;  Pictures; 
Theater;  Vitagraph  (s) ;  Vitascope  (s) 

Refer  from  Farm  implements  and  machinery; 
Harvesting  machinery 


Refer  from   Archaeology;    Burial;    Egypt  — 
Antiquities;  Embalming 

Refer  from  Accounting;   Bookkeeping;   Mu- 
nicipal finance 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Art;  Art,  Munic- 
ipal (s) ;  Cities — Planning  and  laying  out; 
Civic  art  (s) ;  Municipal  improvement 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Cities  —  Planning 
and  laying  out;  Civic  centers  (s) ;  Group  plan 
for  public  buildings  (s) ;  Municipal  art ;  Munic- 
ipal improvement;  Public  buildings 


Refer  from  Boroughs;  Corporations;  Emi- 
nent domain;  Law;  Municipal  government; 
Municipal  law;  Towns 


Refer  from  I'".ngincering ;  Engineering,  Munic- 
ipal (s) ;  Public  works;  Sanitary  engineering 


249 


Street  cleaning;  Streets;  Water — Purifica- 
tion ;  \\  ater  supply 
Municipal  finance 

See  also  Bonds;  Municipal  accounts; 
Municipal  government 

Municipal  franchises 

Src  also  Public  service  corporations 

Municipal  government 

See  also  Charters ;  Cities ;  Local  govern- 
ment; Municipal  corporations;  Municipal 
finance;  Municipal  ownership;  Police;  Re- 
call ;  Referendum 


-Commission  plan 


Municipal  improvement 

See  also  Baths,  Public;  Billposting;  Build- 
ing laws;  Cemeteries;  Cities  —  Planning 
and  laying  out;  Electric  wire  and  wiring; 
Fire  protection ;  Garden  cities ;  Harbors ; 
Housing  problem;  Hygiene,  Public;  Land- 
scape gardening;  Lighting;  Municipal  art; 
Municipal  centers;  Neighborhood  improve- 
ment; Noise;  Parks;  Pavements;  Play- 
grounds; Preservation  of  landmarks,  scen- 
ery, etc.;  Public  comfort  stations;  Rail- 
roads—  Crossings;  Refuse  and  refuse  dis- 
posal; Sanitary  engineering;  Signs;  Smoke; 
Streets;  Tenement  houses;  Vacant  lot  cul- 
tivation 
Municipal  law 

See  also  Corporation  law;  Law;  Municipal 
corporations 
Municipal  ownership 

See  also  Government  ownership;  Govern- 
ment regulation  of  industry;  \Iunicipal 
government;  Public  service  corporations 


Municipal     reference    libraries    see     Libraries, 

Municipal  reference 
Municipal  reform  see  Municipal  government 
Municipal  trading  see  Municipal  ownership 
Municipalities  see  Cities 
Mural     decoration    see    Mural     painting    and 

decoration 
Mural  painting  and  decoration 

See  also  I'rescoes;  (icsso;  House  painting; 

Mosaics;    Plaster    and    plastering;    Stucco; 

Tapestry ;  Wall  paper 


Murder 

See    also    Assassination;    Capital    punish- 
ment;   Dacoits;    Infanticide;    Poisons;    Sui- 
cide; Thugs;  Treason 
Muscles 

See     also     Anatomy;      Muscular     sense; 
Physical  education;  Physiology 


Refer  from  Finance;  Municipal  accounts; 
Municipal  debts  (s) ;  Municipal  government; 
Taxation 

Refer  from  Charters;  Franchises,  Munic- 
ipal (s) ;  Public  service  corporations 

Refer  from  Cities;  City  government  (s) ; 
Civics  (s) ;  Government;  Local  government; 
Municipal  administration  (s) ;  Municipal  cor- 
porations; Municipal  finance;  Municipal 
ownership;  Municipal  reform  (s) ;  Social  prob- 
lems ;  Towns 

Refer  from  Civil  service  reform;  Commis- 
sion government  (s) ;  Des  Moines  plan  of  city 
government  (s) ;  Galveston  plan  of  city  gov- 
ernment (s) ;  Government  by  commission  (s) 

Refer  from  Cities  —  Planning  and  laying 
out;  City  improvement  (s) ;  Civic  improve- 
ment (s) ;  Landscape  gardening;  Municipal 
art;  Alunicipal  engineering;  Parks 


Refer  from  Corporation  law;  Law;  Munic- 
ipal corporations 

Refer  from  Government  ownership;  Govern- 
ment regulation  of  industr\';  Monopolies; 
Municipal  government;  Municipal  trading  (s) ; 
Public  ownership  (s) ;  Public  service  corpora- 
tions 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Art;  Ceilings; 
Decoration  and  ornament;  Frescoes;  House 
decoration;  House  painting;  Mosaics;  Mural 
decoration  (s) ;  Painting;  Plaster  and  plaster- 
ing; Wall  decoration  (s) ;  Wall  painting  (s) ; 
Wall  paper;  Walls 

Refer  from  Assassination;  Crime  and  crim- 
inals; Criminal  law;  Death;  Homicide  (s) 


Refer  from  Anatomy;  Animal  locomotion; 
Electrophysiology ;  Histolog)-;  Muscular 
action  (s) ;  Myodynamics  (s) ;  Myology  (s) ; 
Physiology 


250 


Muscular  action  see  Muscles 
Muscular  sense 

See  also  Psychology,  Physiological 

Museums 

See  also  Art  —  Galleries  and  museums; 
Botanical  museums;  Exhibitions;  also  names 
of  museums,  and  names  of  cities,  subhead 
Cilleries  and  museums 

Mushrooms 

See  also  Cooker)'  —  Mushrooms;  f'ungi 

Music 

See  also  Anecdotes,  Musical;  Anthems; 
Bands  (music);  Bible — Music;  Cantatas; 
Carols;  Chamber  music;  Chants;  Choirs; 
Choral  music;  Church  music;  Composition 
(music);  Concerts;  Counterpoint;  Dance 
music;  Fugue;  Glees;  Harmony;  Hymns; 
Indians  —  Music;  Instrumental  music;  In- 
strumentation and  orchestration;  Masses 
(music);  Melody;  Military  music;  Modula- 
tion; Musical  accompaniment;  Musical 
festivals;  Musical  form;  Musical  instru- 
ments, and  names  of  instruments;  Musical 
societies  ;  Musicians  ;  National  songs  ;  Opera ; 
Oratorios;  Orchestral  music;  Orchestras; 
Overtures;  Phrasing  (music);  Program 
music;  Rhythm;  Scale  (music);  School 
music;  Sight  reading;  Singing  and  voice 
culture;  Sonatas;  Songs;  Sound;  Sympho- 
nies ;  Voice 

Anecdotes,  see  Anecdotes,  Musical 

Appreciation 

See  also  Musical  form 


-Biography,  see  Musicians 

-Dictionaries 

-Essays,  addresses,  etc. 

-History  and  criticism 

See   also    Music  —  Philosophy    and 
esthetics 

-Indians,  see  Indians  —  Alusic 
-Instruction  and  study 

See  also  Instrumentation  and  orchestra- 
tion;    Piano — -Instruction     and     study; 
Sight  reading;  Singing  and  voice  culture; 
also  names  of  schools  and  of  instruments 
-Jews 

See  also  Bible  —  Music 

-Notation 

See  also  Tonic  sol-fa 

-Philosophy  and  esthetics 

See  also  Music  —  Appreciation 

-Scores 

See    also    Choruses    and    part    songs ; 

Duets,      Instrumental;      Duets,      Vocal; 

Opera — Scores;  Orchestral  music;  Organ 

music;    Piano    music — Scores;    Sonatas; 

Songs — Scores;        Symphonies;        Violin 

music 
-Study  and  teaching,  see  Music  —  Instruc- 
tion and  study 


Refer  from  Muscles;    Psj'chology;    Psychol- 
ogy, Physiological;  Senses  and  sensation 

Refer  from  Exhibitions 


Refer  from  Food  ;  Fungi ;  Toadstools  (s) 

Refer  from  Art;  Composition  (music);  In- 
strumental music;  Singing  and  voice  culture; 
Sound;  Vocal  music  (s) ;  Voice 


Refer    from     Appreciation     of     music     (s) ; 
Music  —  Philosophy    and    esthetics;    Musical 

form 


Refer  from  Criticism 


Refer  from  Education,  Musical  (s) ;  Music  — 
Study  and  teaching  (s) ;  Musical  education  (s) ; 
Piano  —  Instruction  and  study 


Refer    from     Bible  —  Music;     Jcwj — Mu- 
sic (s) 

Refer  from   Musical   notation    (s) ;   Notation 
(music)  (s) 

Refer  from  P'.sthetics  ;  Music  —  History  and 
criticism;  Music  —  Theory 

Refer  from  Scores  (music)  (s) 


251 


Music  —  Continued 
Theory 

Sfe  also  Canon  (music) ;  Composition 
(music)  ;  Counterpoint ;  Fugue  ;  Harmony  ; 
Melody;  Modulation;  Alusic  —  Philoso- 
phy and  esthetics;  Musical  form 

U.  S. 

See  also  Indians  —  Music;  Songs,  Amer- 
ican 

Music  halls 

See  also  Vaudeville 

Musical  accompaniment 


Musical  anecdotes  see  Anecdotes,  Musical 
Musical  composition  see  Composition  (music) 
Musical     education    see    Music  — -  Instruction 

and  study 
Musical  festivals 

Musical  form 

See  also  Canon  (music);  Fugue;  Music  — 
Appreciation;  Phrasing  (music);  Sonatas 


Musical  instruments 

See  also  Flute;  Guitar;  Harp;  Harp- 
sichord; Instrumental  music;  Instrumenta- 
tion and  orchestration;  Orchestral  music; 
Organ;  Piano;  Reed  organ;  Stringed  instru- 
ments; Tuning;  Tuning  forks;  Violin; 
Violoncello;  Wind  instruments 
Musical  notation  see  Music  —  Notation 
Musical  societies 

See  also  Choral  societies ;  Musical  festivals 
Musicians 

See' also   Anecdotes,    Musical;    Organists; 
Pianists;  Singers;  Violinists 

Muslims  see  Mohammedanism 
Mussulmans  see  Mohammedanism 
Mutation  see  Variation  (biology) 
Mutiny 

Mutual  aid  societies  see  Benefit  societies 

Mutual  benefit  societies  see  Benefit  societies 

Mycology  see  Fungi 

Myodynamlcs  see  Muscles 

Myology  see  Muscles 

Myopia 

See  also  Eye  —  Diseases  and  defects 


Myriapoda 

See  also  Arthropoda 
Mysteries    (dramatic)    see    Miracle,     morality 

and  mystery  plays 
Mysteries  (religious) 

Sif^  a/jo  Eleuslnian  mysteries;  Mythology; 
Oracles 
Mystery     plays     see     Miracle,     moralil\'      and 

mystery  plays 
Mysticism 

See  also  Cabala;  Neoplatonism  ;  Quietism  ; 
Rosicrucians  ;  Sufism 
Mythical  animals  see  Animals,  Mythical 


Refer  fro yn  Harmony 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Music  (s) 


Refer  from  Concert  halls  (s) ;  Theaters 
Refer   from    Accompaniment,    Musical    (s) ; 
Composition     (music);     Music;     Piano^  In- 
struction and  study;  Singing  and  voice  culture 


Refer  from  Festivals;  Music;  Musical 
societies 

Refer  from  Canon  (music)  ;  Form,  Musi- 
cal (s) ;  Fugue;  Music;  Music  —  Apprecia- 
tion; Music  —  Theory;  Phrasing  (music); 
Sonatas 

Refer  from  Flute;  Harpsichord;  Instrumen- 
tal music;  Instrumentation  and  orchestration; 
Instruments;  Music;  Organ;  Piano;  Stringed 
Instruments;  Violin;  Violoncello;  Wind  in- 
struments 


Refer  from  Choral  societies;  Music;  Societies 

Refer  from  Artists;  Biography;  Compos- 
ers (s)  ;  Music;  Music — ^  Biography  (s) ; 
Organists;  Pianists;  Singers;  Violinists 


Refer  from  Crime   and  criminals;   Maritime 
law ;  Military  law 


Refer  from  Eye  —  Diseases  and  defects; 
Near-sightedness  (s);  Nearsightedness  (s) ; 
Short-sightedness  (s);  Sight 

Refer  from  Arthropoda 


Refer  from  Mythology;   Religion;   Religious 
mysteries  (s) ;  Rites  and  ceremonies 


Refer  from  PhIloso[ihy;  Quietism;   Reiiglcm; 
Rosicrucians;  Theolog\" 


252 


Mythology 

See  also  Animal  worship;  Animals,  Mythi- 
cal; Archaeology;  Astronomical  mythoiog)-; 
Classical  dictionaries;  Fairy  tales;  Fauns; 
Folklore;  Legends;  Mysteries  (religious); 
Nature  myths;  Religions;  Superstition; 
Totems  and  totemism 

Celtic 

Sre  also  Druids 

Classical 

Sre  also  Amazons;  Argonauts;  Classical 
dictionaries;  Eleusinian  mysteries 


-Germanic 

See  also  Mythology,  Norse 


-Greek,  see  Mythology,  Classical 
-Indians,  see  Indians  —  Religion 
-Norse 

See  also  Eddas ;  Mythology,  Germanic; 
Sagas 


Roman,  see  Mythology,  Classical 

Scandinavian,  see  Mythology,  Norse 

Slavic 

Teutonic,  see  Mythology,  Germanic 

N  rays 
Nagualism 


Nails  and  spikes 

Names 

See  also  Botany — Nomenclature;  Epi- 
thets; Indians — -Names;  Medicine — -No- 
menclature; Words;  Zoology  —  Nomencla- 
ture 

Geographical 

See  also  Gazetteers;  Indians  —  Names 


Personal 

See  also  Indians  —  Names ;  Nicknames ; 
Pseudon\-ms 

Napoleonic  wars 

See  also  Europe  —  History — 1789-; 
France  —  History  —  Consulate  and  empire  ; 
Peninsular  war,  1807-1814;  Waterloo, 
Battle  of 


Narcotic  habit 

See   also   Cocaine;    Morphine;   Narcotics; 
Opium 

Narcotics 

See    also    Hashish;    Morphine;    Narcotic 
habit;  Opium;  Tobacco 

Narragansett  Indians 

See  also  Algonquian  Indians 


Refer  form  Archaeology;  Comparative  myth- 
ology (s) ;  Creation;  Ethnology;  Folklore; 
God  ;  Heroes  ;  Legends  ;  Mysteries  (religious) ; 
Paganism;  Religion;  Religions;  Superstition 


Refer  from  Celtic  mythology  (s) ;  Druids 

Refer  from  Amazons;  Argonauts;  Classical 
antiquities;  Classical  mythology  (s) ;  Eleusin- 
ian mysteries;  Greek  mythology  (s) ;  Myth- 
ology, Greek  (s) ;  Mythology,  Roman  (s) ; 
Roman  mythology  (s) 

Refer  from  Germanic  mythology  (s) ;  Myth- 
ology, Norse;  Mythology,  Teutonic  (s) ; 
Teutonic  mythology  (s) 


Refer  from  Mythology,  Germanic;  Myth- 
ology, Scandinavian  (s) ;  Norse  mythology  (s) ; 
Northern  mythology  (s) ;  Scandinavian  myth- 
ology (s) 


Refer  from  Slavic  mythology  (s) 

Refer  from  Light;  Radiation;  X  rays 

Refer    from     Central     America — Religion; 

Indians     of     Mexico;     Mexico  —  Antiquities; 

Mexico — Religion;  Religions 

Refer  from  Hardware;   Railroad   spikes   (s) ; 

Spikes  (s) 

Refer  from  Epithets;  Etymology;  Language; 
Nomenclature  (s) ;  Terminology  (s) ;  Words 


Refer  from  Gazetteers;  Geographical 
names  (s) ;  Geography;  Place  names  (s) ; 
Proper  names  (s) 

Refer  from  Christian  names  (s) ;  Fore- 
names (s) ;  Personal  names  (s) ;  Proper 
names  (s) ;  Surnames  (s) 

Refer  from  England  —  History — 1714- 
1837;  Europe — -History — -  1789-;  France  — 
History — Consulate  and  empire;  P'rench 
revolution;  Germany  —  History —  1740-18 15  ; 
Italy  —  History  —  1789-18 15  ;  Peninsular  war, 
1807-1814;  Waterloo,  Battle  of 

Refer  from  Cocaine;  Drug  habit  (s) ;  Hy- 
giene; Morphine;  Narcotics;  Opium;  Tem- 
perance 

Refer  from  Drugs;  Hashish;  Hygiene;  In- 
somnia; Medicine;  Morphine;  Narcotic  habit; 
Opium;  Poisons;  Tiierapeutics 

Refer  from  Algonquian  Indians 


253 


Nasal  passages  see  Nose 
Natal  stones  see  Birth  stones 
National  bank  notes  see  Bank  notes 
National  banks 

See  also  Bank  notes;  Banks  and  banking; 

Banks  and  banking — U.  S. 
National  cemeteries  see  Cemeteries,  National 
National  characteristics 

See  also  Ethnopsychology ;  also  names  of 

races,     and    names    of    countries,    subhead 

Social  life  and  customs 

American 

See  also  U.  S.  —  Social  life  and  customs ; 
Women  in  the  U.  S. 

National  debts  see  Debts,  Public 

National  ethics  see  State  ethics 

National  flowers 

National    guard,    U.    S.,    see   U.    S. — ^  Militia ; 

also  names  of  states,  e.g.  New  York  (state) 

—  Militia 
National  holidays  see  Holidays 
National  hymns  see  National  songs 
National  ownership  see  Government  ownership 
National  parks  and  reserves 
See  also  Forest  reserves 


National  resources  see  Natural  resources ;  also 
names  of  countries,  subhead  Industries  and 
resources 

National  road  see  Cumberland  road 

National  songs 

See  also  Folk  songs;  War  songs 


National  university  for  the  U.  S. 

Nationalism  see  Government  ownership;    Na- 
tionalism, New;  Socialism 
Nationalism,  New 


Nationalization  of  land  see  Land  nationaliza- 
tion 

Nations 

Nations,  Law  of,  see  International  law 

Native  races  see  Ethnology;   Race;  problems; 
also  names  of  aboriginal  races,  e.g.  Indians 

Nativity  of  Christ  see  Jesus  Christ —  Birth 

Natural  gas  see  Gas,  Natural 

Natural  history 

See  also  Animals;  Anthropology;  Aquari- 
ums; Bible  —  Natural  history;  Biology; 
Botany;  Chemistry;  Ecology;  Evolution; 
Geology;  Man;  Microscope  and  microscopy; 
Mineralogy;  Naturalists;  Nature;  Nature 
study;  Ocean;  Outdoor  life;  Paleon oology ; 
Physical  geography;  Physics;  Plants;  Sci- 
ence; Taxidermy;  Zoology 

U.S. 

See   also    Botany  —  U.    S. ;    Zoology  — 
U.  S. 


Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Banks  and 
banking  —  U.  S. 


Refer  from  Character;  Characteristics,  Na- 
tional (s) ;  Ethnology;  Ethnopsychology; 
Manners  and  customs  ;  Race  characteristics  (s) ; 
Social  psychology 

Refer  from  U.  S.  —  National  characteris- 
tics (s) ;  U.  S. — -Social  life  and  customs; 
Women  in  the  U.  S. 


Refer  from  Flowers;  Flowers,  National  (s) 


Refer  from  Forest  reserves;  Parks;  Public 
lands;  U.  S. —  Military  reservations  (s) ; 
U.  S.  —  National  parks  and  reserves  (s) ; 
U.  S.  — Public  lands 


Refer  from  Folk  songs;  Music;  National 
hymns  (s) ;  Patriotic  songs  (s) ;  Songs;  Songs, 
American  [etc.] 

Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities  —  U.  S. ; 
University  of  the  U.  S.,  Proposed  fs) 


Refer  from  Federal  government;  Nation- 
alism (s) ;  New  nationalism  (s) ;  State  rights; 
U.  S.  —  Government 


Refer  from  Ethnology;  Government;  People 


Refer  from  Animal  lore;  Animals;  Biology; 
Botany;  History,  Natural  (s) ;  Natural  sci- 
ence (s) ;  Nature;  Nature  study;  Outdoor  life; 
Plants;  Science;  Zoology 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Natural  Iiistory  (s) 


254 


Natural  law 

See  also  International  law 


Natural  philosophy  see  Physics 

Natural  religion 

See  also  Atheism;  Christianity;  Creation; 
Deism;  Ethics;  Future  life;  God;  Natural- 
ism; Religion;  Religion  and  science;  The- 
ology 

Natural  resources 

iS^^  also  Commercial  geography;  Commer- 
cial products;  Conservation  of  resources; 
Forests  and  forestry;  Geology,  Economic; 
Mines  and  mineral  resources;  Water  power 

Natural  rights  see  Natural  law 

Natural  scenery  see  Landscape 

Natural  science  see  Natural  history;  Physics; 
Science 

Natural  selection 

See  also  Evolution;  Heredity;  Species 


Natural  theology  see  Natural  religion 
Naturalism 

See  also  Agnosticism;  Materialism;  Posi- 
tivism ;  Realism 
Naturalism  in  art 

See  also  Idealism  in  art;  Realism  in  art 

Naturalism  in  literature 

See    also    Idealism    in    literature;    Realism 
in  literature 
Naturalists 

See^  also    Botanists;    Entomologists;    Or- 
nithologists; Scientists;  Zoologists 

Naturalization 

See   also   Alien    and    sedition    laws,    1798; 
Aliens;  Citizenship 

Nature 

See  also  Animals;  Botany;  Earth;  Evolu- 
tion; Natural  history;  Nature  in  literature; 
Nature  in  poetry;  Nature  myths;  Nature 
study;  Outdoor  life;  Plants;  Science; 
Seasons ;  Zoology 
Nature,  Law  of,  see  Natural  law 
Nature  in  literature 

See  also  Nature  in  poetry 

Nature  in  poetry 

See    also    Nature    in    literature;    Pastoral 
poetry 
Nature  myths 

See  also  Animal  lore;    Astronomical  myth- 
ology ;  Plant  lore 
Nature  photography 

See  also  {-"holography  —  Animals;  Photog- 
raphy —  Plants 


Nature  study 

See  also  Animals;  Animals  —  Habits  and 
behavior;  Animals  —  Stories;   Birds;   Bota- 


Refer  from  Absolute  rights  (s) ;  Constitu- 
tional law;  Ethics;  International  law;  Law; 
Law  of  nature  (s) ;  Liberty ;  Natural  rights  (s) ; 
Nature,  Law  of  (s) 


Refer  from  Atheism;  God;  Natural  theol- 
ogy (s) ;  Philosophy;  Religion;  Religion  and 
science;  Teleology;  Theism;  Theology;  Theol- 
ogy, Natural  (s) 

Refer  from  Commercial  geography;  Commer- 
cial products;  Conservation  of  resources; 
Forests  and  forestry;  Mines  and  mineral 
resources;  National  resources  (s) ;  Resources  (s) 


Refer  from  Darwinism(s) ;  Evolution;  He- 
redity; Selection,  Natural(s) ;  Species;  Survi- 
val of  the  fittest  (s) ;  Variation  (biology) 


Refer  from  Natural  religion;  Philosophy; 
Realism 

Refer  from  Art;  Esthetics;  Idealism  in  art; 
Painting;  Realism  in  art 

Refer  from  Esthetics;  Fiction;  Idealism  in 
literature;  Literature;  Realism  in  literature 

Refer  from  Authors;  Biography;  Botanists; 
Entomologists;     Natural    history;    Ornitholo- 
gists; Scientists;  Zoologists 

Refer  from  Aliens;  Allegiance;  Citizenship; 
Expatriation;  Foreigners  (s) ;  Immigration 
and  emigration;  International  law;  Suffrage 

Refer  from  Natural  history;  Nature  study; 
Outdoor  life;  Philosophy;  Physical  geography; 
Scenery  (s) ;  Science 


Refer  from  Literature;  Nature;  Nature  in 
poetry 

Refer  from  Nature;  Nature  in  literature; 
Pastoral  poetry;  Poetry;  Poetry  of  nature  (s) 

Refer  from  Animal  lore;  Folklore;  Mythol- 
ogy; Nature;  Plant  lore 

Refer  from  Nature  study;  Photography; 
Photography  —  Animals;  Photography  — 
Nature  (s) ;  Photography  —  Plants;  Photog- 
raphy of  nature  (s) 


Refer  from  Animals;  Animals  —  Habits  and 
behavior;  Animals  —  Stories;  Botany;  Educa- 


2SS 


ny;  Natural  history;  Nature;  Nature  pho- 
tography; Object  teaching;  Plants;  Scliool 
gardens ;  Zoology 

Nature  worship 

See  also  Animal  worship;  Elements,  Wor- 
ship of;  Phailicism;  Serpent  worship;  Sun 
worship;  Totems  and  totemism;  Tree  wor- 
ship 

Nautical  almanacs 

Nautical  astronomy 

See  also  Astronomy,  Spherical  and  prac- 
tical; Latitude  and  longitude;  Navigation 

Nautical  surveying  see  Hydrography 

Nautical  terms  see  Naval  art  and   science  — 
Dictionaries;  Navigation  — ■  Dictionaries 

Naval  architecture  see  Shipbuilding 

Naval  art  and  science 

See  also  Armor  plate;  Armored  vessels; 
Blockade;  Gunnery;  Alines,  Submarine; 
Naval  history;  Naval  tactics,  and  other 
headings  beginning  Naval;  Navies;  Naviga- 
tion; Navy  yards  and  naval  stations;  Priva- 
teering; Sea  power;  Shipbuilding;  Signas; 
Submarine  boats;  Submarine  warfare;  Tar- 
get practice;  Torpedo  boats;  Torpedoes; 
War;  Warships 

Naval  artillery  see  Naval  guns 

Naval  battles 

See  also  Armada,  1588;  Battles;  Bucca- 
neers; Naval  history;  Pirates;  also  names 
of  battles  and  of  ships 

Naval  biography 

See  also  Admirals;  Sailors 

Naval  boilers  see  Boilers,  Marine 

Naval,  education 

Naval  engineering  see  Alarine  engineering 

Naval  gunnery  see  Gunnery 

Naval  guns 

Naval  history 

See  also  Admirals;  Buccaneers;  History; 
Impressment;  Military  history;  Naval 
battles;  Naval  biography;  Navigation; 
Pirates;  Privateering;  Sea  power;  also  names 
of  wars,  battles,  vessels  and  commanders, 
and  names  of  countries,  subheads  History, 
Naval,  and  Navy 
Naval  hospitals  see  Hospitals,  Naval  and 
marine 

Naval  hygiene 

See  also  Military  hygiene;  Quarantine; 
Seasickness 

Naval  militia 

See  also  names  of  states,  subhead  Naval 
militia 

Naval  power  see  Sea  power 
Naval  reserves  see  Naval  militia 
Naval  science  see  Naval  art  and  science 
Naval    stations    see    Navy    yards    and    naval 

stations 
Naval  surgery  see  Surgery,  Naval 


tion  ;  Kindergarten;  Natural  history;  Nature; 
Object  teaching;  Plants;  Science;  Science  — 
Study  and  teaching;  Teaching;  Zoology 

Refer  from  Elements,  Worship  of;  Worship 


Refer  from    Almanacs;    Astronomy;    Ephe- 
merides  (s) ;  Navigation 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Astronomy,  Spheri- 
cal and  practical ;  Navigation 


Refer  from  Fighting  (s) ;  Military  art  and 
science;  Naval  science  (s) ;  Naval  tactics; 
Naval  warfare  (s) ;  Navies;  Navy  (s) ;  Science; 
Sea  power;  Ships;  Strategy  (s) ;  War;  War- 
ships 


Refer    from     Battles;     Naval     history;     Sea 
fights  (s) 


Refer    from     Admirals;     Biography;     Naval 
history ;  Sailors 

Refer  from  Education;  Education,  Naval  (s) 


Refer  from  Artillery;  Guns;  Naval  artil- 
lery (s) ;  Ordnance 

Refer  from  History;  History,  Naval  (s) ; 
Military  history;  Naval  art  and  science;  Naval 
battles;  Navigation;  Sea  power 


Refer  from  Hygiene;  Hygiene,  Naval  (s) ; 
Medicine;  Military  hygiene;  Occupations  — 
Diseases  and  hygiene;  Sanitation 

Refer  from  Militia;  Naval  rcscr\'cs  (s) ; 
U.  S.  — Militia;  U.  S.  —  Naval  militia  (s) ; 
U.  S.  — Navy 


256 


Naval  tactics 

See  also  Naval  art  and  science 

Naval  warfare  see  Naval  art  and  science 

Navies 

See  also  Armies;  Armored  vessels;  Coaling 
stations;  Disarmament;  Militarism;  Naval 
art  and  science;  Navy  yards  and  naval  sta- 
tions; Sea  power;  Warships,  also  names  of 
countries,  subhead  Navy,  or  Army  and 
na\'y 

Navigation 

See  also  Aeronautics;  Beacons;  Boats  and 
boating;  Buoys;  Canoes  and  canoeing; 
Collisions  at  sea;  Commerce;  Compass;  Fog 
signals;  Harbors;  Hydrography;  Inland 
navigation;  Knots  and  splices;  Latitude  and 
longitude;  Lifeboats;  Lighthouses;  Motor 
boats;  Nautical  almanacs;  Nautical  astron- 
omy; Naval  history;  Ocean;  Ocean  travel; 
Pilot  guides;  Pilots  and  pilotage;  Rowing; 
Rule  of  the  road;  Sailing;  Sailors;  Ship- 
building; Shipping;  Ships;  Shipwrecks; 
Signals;  Sounding  and  soundings;  Steam 
navigation;  Steamboats;  Submarine  boats; 
Traverse  tables;  Voyages  and  travels; 
Yachts  and  yachting 

Inland,  see  Inland  nav^igation 

Navigation  laws  see  Maritime  law 

Navy  see  Naval  art  and  science;  Navies;  also 
names  of  countries,  subhead  Navy,  or  Army 
and  navy 

Navy  yards  and  naval  stations 

Near-sightedness  see  Myopia 
Nearsightedness  see  Myopia 
Nebulae 

See  also  Astronomy;  Meteoritic  hypothe- 
sis ;  Nebular  hypothesis 
Nebular  hypothesis 

See  also  Astronomy;  Nebulae 

Necessity 

See  also  Freedom  of  the  will;  Predestina- 
tion 

Necrologies  see  Obituaries 

Necromancy  see  Conjuring;  Magic;  Witch- 
craft 

Needles  see  Pins  and  needles 

Needlework 

See  also  Beadwork;  Crocheting;  Drawn 
work;  Dressmaking;  Embroidery;  Fancy 
work;  Knitting;  Lace;  Mending  and  repair- 
ing; Samplers;  Sewing  machines;  Sewing 
schools;  Tailoring;  Tapestry 

Negligence 

See  also  Agency;  Bailments;  Damages; 
Employers'  liability 


Negotiable  instruments 

See    also    l>onds ;    Commercial    law;    Ex- 
change; Interest;  Investments;  Mortgages; 
Securities ;  Stocks 
Negro  dialect 

See  also  Recitations  and  readings,  Dialect 


Refer  from  Nav^al  art  and  science;  Tactics 


Refer  from  Armaments  (s) ;  Armies;  Ar- 
mored vessels;  Disarmament;  Fleets  (s) ; 
Militarism;  Military  power  (s) ;  Naval  art  and 
science;  Nav^y  (s) ;  Sea  power;  Ships;  War; 
Warships 


Refer  from  Astronomy,  Spherical  and  prac- 
tical;  Boats  and  boating;  Carriers;  Commerce; 
Hydrography;  Latitude  and  longitude;  Loco- 
motion; Mathematics;  Nautical  astronomy; 
Naval  art  and  science;  Naval  history;  Ocean; 
Sailing;  Seamanship  (s) ;  Ships;  Steam  navi- 
gation; Traverse  tables;  Trigonometry;  Wa- 
terways ;  Yachts  and  yachting 


Refer  from    Naval   art   and   science;    Naval 
stations  (s) ;  Navies 


^^'/^r/rom  Astronomy ;  Meteoritic  hypothe- 
sis; Nebular  hypothesis 

Refer  from   Astronomy;    Nebulae;    Planets; 
Solar  system;  Universe 

Refer  from  Freedom  of  the  will ;  Metaphysics ; 
Philosophy 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Domestic  arts; 
Dressmaking;  Embroidery;  Fancy  work; 
Home  economics;  Lace;  Manual  training; 
Sewing  (s) ;  Sewing  schools;  Stitches  (s) ; 
Women 

Refer  from  Agency;  Bailments;  Carriers; 
Contracts;  Contributory  negligence  (s) ; 
Damages;  Employers'  liability;  Law;  Occupa- 
tions, Dangerous 

Refer  from   Commercial    law;    Commercial 
paper  (s)  ;  Credit;  Law;  Securities 


Refer    from     English     language  —  Dialects; 
Negroes 


257 


Negro  melodies  see  Negro  songs 
Negro  minstrels  see  Minstrel  shows 
Negro  songs 

See  also  Jubilee  singers 


Negro  suffrage 

See  also  Negroes  —  Political  and  social 
conditions 

Negroes 

See  also  Color  of  man;  Freedmen;  Ma- 
roons; Negro  dialect;  Negro  songs;  Negro 
suffrage;  Race  problems  —  U.  S.;  Slave 
trade;  Slavery;  Slavery  in  the  U.  S. ; 
Southern  states 

Biography 

Colonization  [for  colonization  in  America] 

See  also  Africa  —  Colonization 

Education 

Folklore 

History 

Political  and  social  conditions 

See  also  Negro  suffrage 

Religion 

Social  life  and  customs 

See  also  \'oodooism 

Suffrage,  see  Negro  suffrage 

Negroes  in  the  American  revolution  see  U.  S.  — 

History  —  Revolution  —  Negro  troops 
Negroes  in  the  civil  war  see  U.  S.  —  History  — 

Civil  war  —  Negro  troops 
Neighborhood  gilds 
Neighborhood  improvement 

See'    also     Playgrounds;     Tree     planting; 

Vacant  lot  cultivation 
Neighborhood  work  see  Social  settlements 
Neo-Latin  languages  see  Romance  languages 
Neolithic  period  see  Stone  age 
Neoplatonism 

Nerves 

See  also  Nervous  system 

Nervous      diseases      see      Nervous      system  — 

Diseases 
Nervous  exhaustion  see  Neurasthenia 
Nervous  prostration  see  Neurasthenia 
Nervous  system 

See  also  Anatomy;  Brain;  Electrophysi- 
ology;  Fatigue;  Inhibition;  Mind  and  body; 
Nerves;  Physiology;  Psychology,  Physio- 
logical; Rest;  Spine;  Temperament 

Diseases 

See  also  Epilepsy;  Headache;  Hysteria; 
Mental   diseases;    Neuralgia;    Neurasthe- 
nia ;  Worry 
Nestorians 

See  also  Eastern  churches 
Nests 

See    also    Animals  —  Habitations ;    Birds; 
l)irds'  eggs 
Neuralgia 

See  also  Ner\'ous  svstem  — ■  Diseases 


Refer  from  Folk  songs ;  Negro  melodies  (s) ; 
Negroes  ;  Plantation  songs  (s) ;   Songs  ;   Songs, 

American 

Refer  from  Negroes;  Negroes  —  Political 
and  social  conditions;  Negroes  —  Suffrage  (s) ; 
Suffrage 

Refer  from  Colored  people  (s) ;  Ethnology; 
Freedmen;  Race  problems;  Race  problems  — 
U.  S.;  Slavery;  Slavery  in  the  U.  S. ;  Southern 
states 


Refer  from    Africa  —  Colonization;    Coloni- 
zation of  negroes  (s) 
Refer  from  Education 
Refer  from  Folklore  —  Negroes  (s) 


Refer  from  Negro  suffrage 


Refer  from  Clubs;  Gilds;  Social  settlements 

Refer  from   Municipal   improvement;   Social 
settlements 


Refer  from  Dualism;  Hellenism;  Mysticism; 
Philosophy;  Platonists ;  Theosophy 

Refer     from      Electrophysiology ;      Nervous 

system 


Refer  from.  Anatomy;  Brain;  Electrophysi- 
ology ;  Mind  and  body ;  Nerves ;  Neurology  (s) ; 
Physiology;  Psychology,  Physiological;  Spine; 
Temperament 

Refer  from  Diseases  (s) ;  Hysteria;  Medicine 
—  Practice;  Mental  diseases;  Nervous  dis- 
eases (s) ;  Neuralgia;  Neurasthenia;  Neuro- 
pathology (s) 

Refer  from  Eastern  churches;  Sects 

Refer  from  Animals  —  Habitations;  Birds; 
Birds'  nests  (s) ;  Zoology 


Refer  from    Medicine 
system  —  Diseases 


Practice;    Nervous 


258 


Neurasthenia 

See   also    Fatigue,    Mental ;    Nervous   sys- 
tem —  Diseases 


Neurology  see  Nervous  system 
Neuropathology    see    Nervous    system  —  Dis- 
eases 
Neuroptera 

See  also  Insects 
Neutrality 

See  also  Alabama  claims;  Blockade;  Con- 
traband of  war;  International  law;  Search, 
Right  of;  Trent  affair,  1861 

New  church  see  New  Jerusalem  church 

New  Englanders  in  the  West 

New  France  see  Canada  —  History  —  To  1763 

(New  France) 
New  Jerusalem  church 

New  nationalism  see  Nationalism,  New 
New  Testament  see  Bible  —  New  Testament 


New  thought 


New  year 

New  York  artillery 

See  also  New  York  (state)  —  Militia 


New  York  cavalry 

See  also  New  York  (state)  —  Militia 


New  York  infantry 

See  also  New  York  (state)  —  Militia 


New  York   volunteer   artillery  see   New  York 
artillery 

New   York   volunteer   cavalry   see   New   York 
cavalry 

New  York  volunteer  infantry  see  New   York 
infantry 

Newsboys 

Newspaper  clippings  see  Clippings 

Newspaper  work  see  Journalism;  Reporting 

Newspapers 

See  also  Advertising;  Clippings;  Editori- 
als; Journalism;  Liberty  of  the  press; 
Periodicals;  Publicity;  Reporting 

^England 

See  also  Periodicals  —  England 


-U.  S. 

See  also  Periodicals  —  U.  S. 


Nicene  creed 


Refer  from  Exhaustion  (s) ;  Fatigue,  Mental; 
Medicine — Practice;  Nervous  exhaustion  (s) ; 
Nervous  prostration  (s) ;  Nervous  system  — 
Diseases 


Refer  from  Insects 

Refer  from  Blockade;  Commerce;  Contra- 
band of  war ;  International  law ;  Maritime  law ; 
Prizes  (international  law);  Search,  Right  of; 
War 

Refer  from  New  England;  Western  states 


Refer  from  Church  of  the  New  Jerusalem  (s) ; 
New  church  (s) ;  Sects;  Swedenborgianism  (s) 


Refer  from  Ethics;  Higher  thought  (new 
thought)  (s) ;  Mental  healing;  Mental  hygiene; 
Metaphysics;  Alind  and  body;  Philosophy; 
Philosophy,  Modern;  Psychology;  Spiritual 
life ;  Suggestion 

Refer  from  Holidays 

Refer  from  Artillery;  New  York  (state)  — 
Militia;  New  York  volunteer  artillery  (s) ; 
U.  S.  —  Army;  Volunteers  (U.  S.  army)  (s) 

Refer  from  Cavalry;  New  York  (state)  — 
Militia;  New  York  volunteer  cavalry  (s) ; 
U.  S.  —  Army;  Volunteers  (U.  S.  army  )  (s) 

Refer  from  Infantry;  New  York  (state)  — 
Militia;  New  York  volunteer  infantry  (s) ; 
U.  S.  —  Army;  Volunteers  (U.  S.  army)  (s) 


Refer  from  Boys;  Child  labor 


Refer  from  Communication;  Journalism; 
Liberty  of  the  press;  Literature;  Periodicals; 
Press  (s) ;  Yellow  journalism  (s) 

Refer  from  England  —  Newspapers  (s) ; 
English  literature;  English  newspapers  (s) ; 
Periodicals  —  England 

Refer  from  American  literature;  American 
newspapers  (s) ;  Periodicals  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S.  — 
Newspapers  (s) 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  —  Catechisms 
and  creeds;  Church  of  England  —  Catechisms 
and  creeds ;  Creeds 


259 


Nickel 

See  also  Metals;  Nickel  steel 
Nickel  steel 

S-y  also  Armor  plate 
Nicknames 

See  also  Epithets;  Pseudonyms 

Night 

See  also  Dew  ;  Dreams  ;  Nightmare  ;  Sleep  ; 
Somnambulism 
Night   schools   see    Evening    and    continuation 

schools 
Nightmare 

See  also  Dreams 

Nihilism 

See  also  .Anarchism  and  anarchists;  Russia 
—  Politics;  Russia  —  Social  conditions 

Nineteenth  century 

See  also  English  literature  —  History  and 
criticism — 19th     century;     Europe — -His- 
tory—  1 789-;  History,  Modern 
Nitrification 

See  also  Soil  bacteriology;  Soil  inoculation 


Nitrifying     bacteria     see     Nitrification;     Soil 

bacteriology 
Nitrogen 

See  also  Alkaloids;  Nitrification 
Nitroglycerin 

See  also  Explosives 

Nobel  prizes 

Nobility  see  Aristocracy;  Heraldry;  Peerage 
Noise 

See  also  Sound 

Nomads 

See  also  Bedouins  ;  Gipsies 
Nomenclature  see  Names;  also  under  subject, 
e.g.    Botany  —  Nomenclature;    Medicine  — 
Nomenclature  ;  Zoology  —  Nomenclature 
Nominations 

See  also  Caucus;  Election  laws;  Elections; 
Political  conventions;  Primaries 


Noms  de  plume  see  Pseudonyms 
Nonconformists  see  Dissenters 
Nonjurors 

See  also  Church  of  England 


Nonresistance 

See  also  Friends,  Society  of;  Peace 
Nonsense  verse 

See  also  Limericks;  Nursery  rhymes 

Normal  schools 

See  also  Teachers  —  Training 


Refer  from  Metals 

Refer  from  Armor  plate;  Nickel;  Steel 

Refer    from     Epithets;     Names,     Personal; 
Pseudonyms;  Sobriquets  (s) ;  Soubriquets  (s) 

Refer  from  Days 


Refer  from  Dreams ;  Incubus  (s) ;  Night; 
Sleep 

Refer  from  Anarchism  and  anarchists; 
Government;  Philosophy;  Russia;  Secret 
societies 

Refer  from  Europe  —  History —  1789-;  His- 
tory, Modern ;  Progress 


Refer  from  Agricultural  chemistry;  Bacteri- 
ology, Agricultural;  Fertilizers  and  manures; 
Nitrifying  bacteria  (s) ;  Nitrogen;  Soil  bac- 
teriology; Soil  inoculation;  Soils 


Refer  from  Chemical  elements;  Gases 

Refer  from  Explosives 

Refer  from  Rewards  (prizes,  etc.) 


Refer  from    Municipal    improvement;    Nui- 
sances ;  Sound 

Refer  from  Bedouins;  Gipsies 


Refer  from  Caucus;  Civil  service;  Direct 
nominations  (s) ;  Election  laws;  Elections; 
Elections  —  U.  S. ;  Government;  Office,  Nom- 
inations for  (s) ;  Political  conventions  ;  Politics  ; 
Primaries;  Representative  government  and 
representation 


Refer  from  Church  of  England;  Dissenters; 
England  —  History  —  Stuarts  ;  England  — 
Religious  history;  Jacobites;  I^uritans 

Refer  from  Peace 

Refer  from  Humor;  Limericks;  Nursery 
rhymes ;  Poetry 

Refer  from  Education;  Schools;  Teachers; 
Teachers  —  Training 


260 


Norman    conquest    see    England  —  History  — 

Normans 
Normans 

See  also  England  —  History — Normans; 

Normandy;  Northmen 
Norse      literature     see     Icelandic      literature; 

Scandinavian  literature 
Norse  mythology  see  Mythology,  Norse 
Norsemen  see  Northmen 
North  American  Indians  see  Indians 
North  pole 

See  also  Arctic  regions 

Northeast  boundary  of  the  U.  S. 

Northeast  passage 

Sec  also  Arctic  regions 

Northeastern  boundary  of  the  U.  S.  see  North- 
east boundary  of  the  U.  S. 

Northern  lights  see  Auroras 

Northern  mythology  see  Mythology,  Norse 

Northmen 

See  also  America  — -  Discovery  and  explo- 
ration —  Pre-Columbian  ;  Iceland  —  His- 
tory; Normans;  Norway  —  History;  Sagas; 
Scandinavia  —  History 

Northwest,  Canadian 

Northwest,  New,  see  Northwestern  states 
Northwest,  Old,  see  Northwest  Territory,  U.  S. 
Northwest  boundary  of  the  U.  S. 

Northwest  passage 

See  also  Arctic  regions 

Northwest  Territory,  U.  S. 

See     also     Illinois;     Indiana;     Michigan; 
Middle    states;    Ohio;    Ordinance    of    1787; 
Western  Reserve;  Wisconsin 
Northwestern  boundary  of  the  U.  S.  see  North- 
west boundary  of  the  U.  S. 
Northwestern  states 

See    also    Oregon    trail ;    Western    states ; 
also  names  of  states  and  regions 
Norwegian  language 

See  also  Scandinavian  languages 

Norwegian  literature 

See  also  Danish  literature;   Scandinavian 
literature 
Norwegians  in  the  U.  S. 

See  also  Scandinavians  in  the  U.  S. 

Nose 

See    also    Catarrh;     Respiratory    organs; 
Smell 
Notaries 

.S';-('  also  Acknowledgments;  Affidavits 
Notation  (mathematics) 

See  also    Decimal  system 

Notation  (music)  see  Music  —  Notation 
Novelists 

See  also  Authors 
Novels  see  Fiction 


Refer  from  England 
Northmen 


History  —  Normans ; 


Refer  from  Arctic  regions;  Earth;  Polar 
regions  (s) 

Refer  from  Boundaries;  Northeastern  boun- 
dary of  the  U.  S.  (s) ;  U.  S.  —  Boundaries 

Refer  from  Arctic  regions;  Discoveries  and 
explorations 


Refer  from  America  —  Discovery  and  explo- 
ration —  Pre-Columbian  ;  Iceland  —  History ; 
Middle  ages  —  History;  Normans;  Norse- 
men (s) ;  Norway  —  History;  Scandinavia  — 
History;  Sea  kings  (s) ;  Vikings  (s) 

Refer  jrom  Canada;  Canadian  Northwest  (s) 


Refer  from  Boundaries;  Northwestern  boun- 
dary of  the  U.  S.  (s) ;  U.  S.  —  Boundaries 

Refer  from  Arctic  regions;  Discoveries  and 
explorations 

Refer  from  Middle  states;  Northwest, 
Old  (s) ;  Old  Northwest  (s) ;  Ordinance  of  1 787 ; 
U.  S.  —  History;  Western  states 


Refer  from    Northwest,    New    (s) ;    Western 
states 

Refer    from    Germanic    languages;     Scandi- 
navian languages 

Refer  from   Danish  literature;  Scandinavian 
literature 

Refer   from    Scandinavians    in    the    U.    S. ; 
U.  S.  —  Foreign  population 

Refer  from    Anatomy;    Face;    Head;    Nasal 
passages  (s) ;  Respiratory  organs;  Smell 

Refer  from  Commercial  law;  Law 

Refer  from  Arithmetic;  Mathematical  nota- 
tion (s) ;  Mathematics 


Refer  from  Authors;  Fiction 


261 


Nucleation,     Atmospheric,     see     Atmospheric 

nucleation 
Nude  in  art 

See  also  Art  and  morals 

Nuisances 

See  also  Noise;  Smoke 
Nullification 

See    also    Kentucky    and    Virginia    resolu- 
tions, 1798;  State  rights 
Numbers  [theory  of] 

See  also  Arithmetic;  Groups,  Theory  of; 
Magic  squares;  Numerals 
Numerals  [the  signs  and  words] 
See  also  Numbers 

Numismatics 

See  also   Bible — Numismatics;   Coinage; 
Medals;  Money;  Seals  (numismatics) 

Nunneries  see  Convents  and  nunneries 
Nuns 

See  also   Carmelites;   Convents   and   nun- 
neries;   Religious    orders;    Sisterhoods;    Sis- 
ters of  charity;  Ursulines 
Nurseries  (horticulture) 

See  also  Forest  nurseries 
Nurseries,  Day,  see  Creches 
Nursery  rhymes 

See  also  Children's  poetry;  Counting  out; 
Nonsense  verse 

Nurses  and  nursing 

See    also    Children  —  Care    and    hygiene; 
Cookery  for  the  sick;  Diet;  First  aid  in  ill 


Refer  from  Art;  Art  and  morals;  Human 
figure  in  art  (s) 

Refer  from  Hygiene,  Public;  Law 

Refer  from  Government;  State  rights; 
U.  S.  —  Politics 

Refer  from  Algebra;  Arithmetic;  Mathemat- 
ics ;  Numerals 

Refer  from  Arabic  numerals  (s) ;  Arithmetic; 
Mathematics;  Numbers 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Art;  Coins  (s) ; 
History;  History,  Ancient;  Medals;  Money; 
Seals  (numismatics) 


Refer frovi  Convents  and  nunneries;  Monas- 
ticism;  Religious  orders;  Sisterhoods;  Women 


Refer  from  Fruit  culture;  Gardening 


Refer  from  Children's  poetry;  Children's 
songs;  Folklore;  Nonsense  verse;  Poetry  of 
childhood  (s) 

Refer  from  Charities;  Children — Care  and 
hygiene;      District      nurses      (s) ;      Hospitals; 


ness   and   injury;   Hospitals;   Invalids;   Red        Hygiene;     Invalids;     Medicine;     Medicine 


cross;  School  nurses;  Sisters  of  charity 

Nutation 

See  also  Astronomy,   Spherical   and   prac- 
tical 

Nutrition 

See   also   Absorption    (physiology);    Diet; 
Digestion;  Food;  Metabolism 
Nutrition    of    plants    see    Plants  — ■  Chemistry 

and  nutrition 
Nuts 

Nuts  (machinery)  see  Bolts  and  nuts 
Oak  trees  see  Oaks 
Oaks 

Oarsmanship  see  Rowing 
Oases 

See  also  Deserts 
Oaths 

See  also  Perjury;  Swearing 

Oats 

See  also  Grain 
Obedience 

Obelisks 

See  also  Egypt  —  Anticjuities 

Oberammergau  passion  play 

Obesity  see  Corpulence 


Practice;    Therapeutics;    Trained    nurses    (s) ; 
Women 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Astronomy,  Spheri- 
cal and  practical;  Earth;  Latitude  and  longi- 
tude 

Refer  from  Assimilation  (s) ;  Diet;  Digestion; 
Food;  Metabolism;  Physiology 


Refer  from  Food;  Fruit;  Trees 
Refer  from  Oak  trees  (s) ;  Trees 

Refer  from  Deserts 

Refer  from    Ethics;   Government;    Perjury; 
Swearing 

Refer  from  Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs;  Grain 

Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Ethics 

Refer     from      Archaeology;      Architecture; 
Egypt — Antiquities;  Monuments 
Refer  from  Passion  plays 


262 


Obituaries 

See  also  Epitaphs;  Funeral  sermons;  In- 
scriptions 

Object  teaching 

See  also  Kindergarten;  Nature  study; 
Observation ;  Quincy  system 

Observation 

Observations,  Magnetic,  see  Magnetism,  Ter- 
restrial —  Observations 

Observations,  Aleteorological,  see  Meteorology 
— •  Observations 

Observatories,  Astronomical,  see  Astronomical 
observatories 

Observatories,  Meteorological,  see  Meteoro- 
logical observatories 

Obstetrics 

Occult  sciences 

See    also    Alchemy;    Astrology;    Cabala; 

Crystal    gazing;    Demonology;    Divination; 

Alagic;  Oracles;  Psychical  research;  Second 

sight;  Spiritualism;  Theosophy;  Witchcraft 

Occultations 

See  also  Astronomy;  Astronomy,  Spherical 
and  practical 
Occupational      diseases      see      Occupations  — 

Diseases  and  hygiene 
Occupations 

See  also  Business;  Handicraft;  Profession, 
Choice  of;  Professions;  Vocational  educa- 
tion; Women  —  Occupations;  also  names  of 
occupations 

Dangerous 

See  also  Accidents  ;  Employers'  liability  ; 
Mine  accidents;  Negligence;  Occupations 
■ — -Diseases  and  hygiene;  Railroads  —  Ac- 
cidents;  Safety  devices 

Diseases  and  hygiene 

See  also  Caisson  disease;  Dust;  Lead 
poisoning;  Military  hygiene;  Naval  hy- 
giene; Occupations,  Dangerous;  School 
hygiene 

Ocean 

See  also  Algae  ;  Coast  changes  ;  Commerce  ; 
Dredging;  Hydrography;  Icebergs;  Marine 
biology  ;  Marine  zoology  ;  Navigation  ;  Ocean 
currents;  Ocean  travel;  Phosphorescence; 
Physical  geography;  Sailors;  Sea  food;  Sea 
level;  Sea  stories;  Sea  walls;  Sea  water; 
Seashore;  Seasickness;  Ships;  Shipwrecks; 
Sounding  and  soundings;  Tides;  Voyages 
and  travels;  Waves;  also  headings  beginning 
Marine  and  Naval 
Ocean  currents 

Ocean  life  see  Marine  biology  ;  Seafaring  life 
Ocean  travel 

Sre  also  Sailors;  Seasickness;  Steamboats; 
Steerage;  Tra\cl;  Voyages  and  travels 
Oceanic  languages 

See  also  Philippine  languages;  Polynesian 
languages 


Refer  from  Biography;  Death  notices  (s) ; 
Epitaphs;      Funeral     sermons;      Inscriptions; 

Necrologies  (s) 

Refer  from  Education;  Education,  Elemen- 
tary; Kindergarten;  Nature  study;  Quincy 
system ;  Teaching 

Refer  from  Attention;  Object  teaching; 
Psychology;  Psychology,  Educational 


Refer  from  Medicine — Practice;  Mid- 
wifery (s) ;  Women  —  Diseases 

Refer  from  Alchemy;  Astrology;  Cabala; 
Demonology;  Devil  worship;  Divination; 
Hermetic  art  (s) ;  Magic;  Psychical  research; 
Science;  Superstition;  Witchcraft 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Astronomy,  Spheri- 
cal and  practical;  Eclipses;  Moon;  Planets 


Refer  fro  )n  Business;  Handicraft;  Labor  and 
laboring  classes;  Profession,  Choice  of;  Pro- 
fessions; Success;  Trades  (s) ;  Vocations  (s) 


Refer  from  Accidents;  Dangerous  occupa- 
tions (s) ;  Employers' liability ;  Industrial  arts  ; 
Injurious  occupations  (s) ;  Occupations  — 
Diseases  and  hygiene 

Refer  from  Diseases  (s) ;  Hygiene;  Hygiene, 
Industrial  (s) ;  Hygiene,  Public;  Hygiene  of 
employment  (s) ;  Industrial  diseases  (s) ;  Indus- 
trial hygiene  (s) ;  Occupational  diseases  (s) ; 
Occupations,  Dangerous 

Refer  from  Dredging;  Earth;  Hydrography; 
Marine  zoology;  Meteorology;  Natural  his- 
tory; Navigation;  Oceanography  (s) ;  Physical 
geography;  Sea  (s) ;  Seashore;  Thalassogra- 
phy  (s) ;  Tides;  Water 


Refer    from     Currents     (s) ;     Hydrography; 
Ocean 


Refer  from  Navigation;  Ocean;  Steamboats; 
Travel;  Voyages  and  travels 

Refer  from  Language;  Philippine  languages; 
Polynesian  languages 


263 


Oceanography  see  Hydrograph}' ;  Ocean 
Octateuch    see    Bible  —  Old   Testament  —  Oc- 

tateuch 
Odd  Fellows 

Odes 

See  also  Lyric  poetry 
Odontology  see  Teeth 
Odors 

See  also  Incense;  Perfumery;  Smell 
Oecology  see  Ecology 

Office,  Nominations  for,  see  Nominations 
Office,  Tenure  of,    see  Civil  service 
Office  supplies 

See   also   Card    system    in    business ;    Cash 
registers 
Official   publications   see  Go\-ernment   publica- 
tions 
Oil   see   Essences    and   essential    oils;    Oils    and 

fats ;  Petroleum 
Oil  engines  see  Gas  and  oil  engines 
Oil  painting 

See  also  Painting 
Oil  wells  see  Petroleum 

Oils,  Essential,  see  Essences  and  essential  oils 
Oils  and  fats 

See  also  Chemistry,  Technical ;  Essences 
and  essential  oils ;  Lubrication  and  lubri- 
cants; Petroleum 


Old  age 

See  also  Age;  Age  limit  of  employment; 
Homes   for   the   aged;    Longevity;    Old    age 
pensions 
Old  age  Ifomes  see  Homes  for  the  aged 
Old  age  pensions 

See  also  Civil  service  pensions 


Old  English  language  see  Anglo-Saxon  lan- 
guage; English  language — Middle  English 

Old  English  literature  see  Anglo-Saxon  litera- 
ture; English  literature —  History  and  crit- 
icism —  Middle  English 

Old  ladies'  homes  see  Homes  for  the  aged 

Old  maids  see  Spinsters 

Old  Northwest  see  Northwest  Territory,  U.  S. 

Old  Saxon  language 

See  also  Germanic  languages  ;  Low  German 
language 

Old  Testament  see  Bible  —  Old  Testament 

Oleomargarine 

Oligarchy 
Olympic  games 

Omens 

See  also  Astrology;  Divination;  Oracles 


Omnibuses 

Onomatopoeia 

Ontology  jf^  Being;  Metaphysics;  Philosophy 
Oology  see  Birds'  eggs 


Refer  from    Benefit    societies;    Independent 
order  of  Odd  Fellows  (s) ;  Secret  societies 

Refer  from  L)-ric  poetry;  Poetry 

Rejer  from  Flowers;  Perfumes  (sj ;  Scent  (sj 

Refer  from  Business 


Refer  from  Painting 


Refer  from  Animal  fats  (s) ;  Animal  oils  (s) ; 
Animal  products;  Chemistry,  Technical;  Coal- 
tar  products;  Fat  (s) ;  Fats  (s) ;  Grease  (s) ; 
Lubrication  and  lubricants;  Mineral  oils  (s) ; 
Oil  (s) ;  Vegetable  oils  (s) 

Refer  from  Age;  Aged  (s) ;  Aged  poor  (s) ; 
Longevity 


Refer  from  Aged  poor  (s) ;  Insurance,  State 
and  compulsory;  Labor  and  laboring  classes; 
Old  age;  Pensions;  Poor;  Thrift 


Refer  from  Germanic  languages;  Low  Ger- 
man language;  Saxon  language  (s) 

Refer  from    Butter;    Dairy    products;    Food 

adulteration  and  inspection 

Refer  from  Aristocracy;  Government 

Refer    from    Athletics;     Games;     Greece  — 

Social  life  and  customs;  Sports 

Refer  from  Di\'ination;  Portents  (s) ;  Pres- 
ages (s)  ;  Signs  (omens)  (s) ;  Superstition ; 
Warnings  (s) 

Refer  from  Carriages;  Carriers;  Coaches 
and  coaching;  Transportation;  Vehicles 

Refer  from  Language;  Rhetoric 


264 


open-air  schools 


Open  and  closed  shop 

See  also  Labor  unions 


Open  shop  see  Open  and  closed  shop 
Opera 

See  also  Operettas;  Overtures 


Librettos 

Scores 

Opera  houses  see  Theaters 
Operations,  Surgical,  see  Surgery 
Operettas 

See  also  Opera 

Ophidia  see  Snakes 
Ophthalmia 

See  also  Eye —  Diseases  and  defects 
Ophthalmology  see  Eye 
Opinion  see  Belief;  Public  opinion 
Opium 

See  also  Morphine;  Narcotic  habit; 
Narcotics 

Opportunity 

See  also  Success 
Optical  chemistry  see  Photochemistry 
Optical  illusions 

See  also  Mirage 

Optical  instruments 

See  also  Astronomical  instruments;  Ka- 
leidoscope; Lenses;  Microscope  and  micros- 
copy; Polariscope;  Reflection  (light);  Spec- 
tacles; Spectroscope;  Stereopticon ;  Stereo- 
scope ;  Telescope 

Optical  interference  see  Interference  (light) 

Optics  see  Light 

Optics,  Physiological,  see  Eye;  Optical  instru- 
ments ;  Sight 

Optimism 

See  also  Cheerfulness;  Pessimism 

Oracles 


Oral  arithmetic  see  Arithmetic 
Orange 

See  also  Fruit 
Orangemen 

Oranges  see  Orange 
Orations 

See  also  After-dinner  speeches;  Oratory 


-American 

See  also  Fourth  of  July  orations 

-English 


Refer  from  Education;  Forest  schools  (s)  ; 
Fresh  air  schools  (s) ;  Hygiene;  Outdoor 
schools  (s) ;  Public  schools;  School  hygiene; 
Schools;  Tuberculosis 

Refer  from  Closed  shop  (s) ;  Labor  and 
laboring  classes  ;  Labor  unions  ;  Open  shop  (s) ; 
Strikes  and  lockouts;  Union  shop  (s) 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Drama;  Dramatic 
music  (s) ;  Grand  opera  (s) ;  Music  ;  Operettas  ; 
Theater 

Refer  from  Librettos  (s) 

Refer  from  Music  —  Scores 


Refer    from    Comic    operas     (s) ;    Dramatic 
music  (s) ;  Light  operas  (s) ;  Opera 


Refer  from  Eye —  Diseases  and  defects 


Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Agricul- 
ture—  Tropics;  Morphine;  Narcotic  habit; 
Narcotics;  Temperance 

Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Success 


Refer  from  Illusions  and  hallucinations; 
Light ;  Sight 

Refer  from  Aberration;  Glass  manufacture; 
Instruments;  Light;  Optics,  Physiological  (s) ; 
Reflection  (light);  Scientific  apparatus  and 
instruments 


Refer  from  Cheerfulness;  Happiness;  Pes- 
simism; Philosophy 

Refer  from  Mysteries  (religious);  Occult 
sciences;  Omens;  Prophecies;  Religion;  Super- 
stition 


Refer  from  Fruit;  Oranges  (s) 
Refer   from    Ireland  —  Politics;     Ireland 
Religious  history 


Refer  from  Addresses  (s) ;  Declamation  (s) ; 
Literature;  Oratory;  Recitations  and  readings; 
Speeches  (s) 

Refer  from  American  literature;  American 
orations  (s) 

Refer  from  Englisii  literature;  English 
orations  (s) 


265 


Oratorios 

See  also  Cantatas 

Orators 
Oratory 

See  also  Debating;  Elocution;  Eloquence; 
Gesture;  Lectures  and  lecturing;  Orations; 
Orators;  Preaching;  Rhetoric;  Voice 

Orbits 

See   also    Mechanics,    Celestial;    Perturba- 
tion 
Orchard  heating  see  Frost  protection 
Orchards  see  Fruit;  Fruit  culture 
Orchestral  music 

See  also  Instrumental  music;   Instrumen- 
tation  and   orchestration;   0\'ertures;    Sym- 
phonies 
Orchestras 

See  also  Bands  (music) ;  Conducting  (mu- 
sic);  Orchestral  music;  Stringed  instruments 
Orchestration  see  Instrumentation  and  orches- 
tration 
Orchids 

See  also  Floriculture 
Ordeals 

See  also  Fire  walk 

Order  of  Malta  see  Malta,  Knights  of 

Order  of  St.  George  (English)  see  Garter,  Order 

of  the 
Order   of    St.    John    of   Jerusalem    see    Malta, 

Knights  of 
Order  of  the  Garter  see  Garter,  Order  of  the 
Order  of  Teutonic  knights  see  Teutonic  knights 
Order  of  the  Rosy  cross  see  Rosicrucians 
Order  of  the  Temple  see  Templars;  also  Free- 
masons — •  Templars 
Orders,  Architectural,     see  Orders  of  architec- 
ture 
Orders,  Monastic,  see  Monasticism 
Orders,  Religious,  see  Religious  orders 
Orders  of  architecture 

See  also  Architecture,  Greek;  Columns 

Orders  of  knighthood  see  Knights  and  knight- 
hood 
Ordinance  of  1787 

See   also    Northwest   Territory;    U.    S. — 
History —  1783-1812 
Ordination 

See  also  Clergy 


Ordnance 

See  also  Ammunition  ;  Arsenals  ;  Artillery  ; 

Ballistics;  Firearms;  Gunnery;  Gunpowder; 

Guns ;  Military  art  and  science  ;  Naval  guns  ; 

Projectiles 

Ordovician    period   see  Geology,    Stratigraphic 

—  Ordovician  ;  Paleontology  —  Ordovician 
Ore  deposits 

See  also  Geology,   Economic;   Iron   ores; 
Mines  and  mineral  resources;  Ores 

Ore  dressing  see  Ore  treatment 


Refer  from  Church  music;  Music;  Sacred 
music  (s) 

Refer  from  Biography;  Oratory;  Speakers  (s) 

Refer  from  Debating;  Elocution;  Eloquence; 
Lectures  and  lecturing;  Orations;  Preaching; 
Public  speaking  (s) ;  Rhetoric;  Speaking  (s) ; 
Speeches  (s) ;  Voice 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Mechanics,  Celestial; 
Perturbation;  Planets 


Refer  from  Instrumental  music;  Music; 
Music  —  Scores  ;  Musical  instruments  ;  Orches- 
tras ;  Symphonies 

Refer  from  Bands  (music) ;  Conducting 
(music);  Instrumental  music;  Music 


Refer  from  Floriculture;  Flowers 

Refer    from     Criminal     law;     Manners     and 
customs ;  Trials 


Refer    from     Architecture;     Architecture, 
Greek;  Columns;  Orders,  Architectural  (s) 


Refer  from  Northwest  Territory;  U.  S. — 
History  —  1783-1812 

Refer  from  Bishops;  Church  polity;  Clergy; 
Episcopacy;  Priests;  Rites  and  ceremonies; 
Sacraments 

Refer  from  Ammunition;  Arms  and  armor; 
Artillery;  Ballistics;  Cannon  (s) ;  Firearms; 
Gunnery;  Guns;  Military  art  and  science; 
Projectiles 


Refer  from  Geology;  Geology,  Economic; 
Metals;  Mineral  lands  (s);  Mines  and  mineral 
resources ;  Ores 


266 


Ore  treatment 

See   also   Cyanide   process ;    Electrometal- 
lurgy; Magnetic  separation  of  ores;  Metal- 
lurgy ;  Smelting 
Oregon  trail 


Ores 

See  also  Assaying ;  Geochemistry ;  Geology, 
Economic;  Iron  ores;  Metallurgy;  Metals; 
Mineralogy;  Alines  and  mineral  resources; 
Ore  deposits;  Ore  treatment;  also  names  of 
metals 
Organ 

See     also     Musical     instruments;     Organ 
music;  Organists;  Reed  organ 
Organ  music 

See  also  Church  music 

Organic  chemistry  see  Chemistry,  Organic 

Organists 

See  also  Alusicians 

Organized  charity  see  Charity  organization 

Organized  labor  see  Labor  unions 

Organography  j-f^  Anatomy ;  Botany,  Structur- 
al ;  Morphology 

Organotherapy 

See  also  Serum  therapy 

Organs  see  Organ 

Orient  see  East 

Oriental  architecture  see  Architecture,  Oriental 

Oriental  civilization  see  Civilization,  Oriental 

Oriental  languages 

See  also  Armenian  language;  Chinese  lan- 
guage; Dravidian  languages;  Indo-Aryan 
languages;  Iranian  languages;  Japanese 
language;  Semitic  languages;  Tamil  lan- 
guage and  literature 

Oriental  literature 

See  also  Arabic  literature;  Assyro-Baby- 
lonian  literature  ;  Chinese  literature  ;  Hebrew 
literature;  Hindu  literature;  Japanese  litera- 
ture; Persian  literature;  Sanskrit  literature; 
Tamil  language  and  literature 

Oriental  philosophy  see  Philosophy,  Oriental 
Orientation 


Orientation  (architecture) 

Origin  of  life  see  Life  —  Origin 

Origin  of  man  see  Man  —  Origin  and  antiquity 

Origin  of  species  see  Evolution;  Species 

Original  sin  see  Sin 

Oriskany  formation  see  Geology,  Stratigraphic 

—  Devonian  ;  Paleontology  —  Devonian 
Ornament  see  Decoration  and  ornament 
Ornamental     alphabets     see     Illumination     of 

manuscripts  and  books;  Lettering 
Ornamental  design  see  Design,  Decorative 
Ornithologists 

See  also  Naturalists 
Ornithology  see  Birds 
Orology  see  Mountains 
Orphan     asylums    see    Orphans     and     orphan 

asylums 


Refer  from  Metallurgy;  Ore  dressing  (s) ; 
Ores ;  Smelting 

Refer  front  Indian  trails;  Roads — ■  U.  S. ; 
Northwestern  states;  Trails  (s) ;  Western 
states 

Refer  from  Assaying;  Geochemistry;  Geol- 
ogy, Economic;  Metallurgy;  Metals;  Mineral- 
ogy; Minerals  (s) ;  IMines  and  mineral  resour- 
ces ;  Ore  deposits 


Refer  from  Musical  instruments;  Organs  (s) ; 
Pipe  organ  (s) 

Refer    from     Church     music;     Instrumental 
music;  Music  —  Scores  ;  Organ 


Refer  from  Alusicians  ;  Organ 


Refer  from  Therapeutics 


Refer  from  Armenian  language;  Asiatic 
languages  (s) ;  Chinese  language;  Dravidian 
languages;  Indo-Aryan  languages;  Iranian 
languages;  Japanese  language;  Language; 
Semitic  languages 

Refer  from  Arabic  literature;  Asia  —  Lit- 
erature (s) ;  Asiatic  literature  (s) ;  Assyro- 
Babylonian  literature;  Chinese  literature; 
Hebrew  literature;  Hindu  literature;  Japanese 
literature;  Literature ;  Persian  literature;  San- 
skrit literature;  Tamil  language  and  literature 

Refer  from  Animals  —  Habits  and  behavior; 
Animals  —  Orientation  (s) ;  Direction,  Sense 
of  (s)  ;  Instinct 

^f/^r/rom  Architecture;  Church  arcliitecture 


Refer  from  Naturalists;  Scientists;  Zoologists 


267 


Orphans  and  orphan  asylums 

See  also  Adoption;  Charity  schools; 
Children  —  Charities,  protection,  etc. ; 
Foundlings 

Orthodox  eastern  church  see  Greek  church 
Orthodoxy 

See  also  Calvinism;  Congregationalism 

Orthoepy  see  Phonetics;  Pronunciation 
Orthographic  projection  see  Projection 
Orthography  see  Spelling 
Orthopedics  see  Deformities 
Orthoptera 

See  also  Insects;  Locusts 
Osmosis 

See  also  Absorption  (physiology) ;  Chem- 
istry, Physical;  Solution  (chemistry) 

Osteology  see  Bones 
Osteopathy 

See  also  Mechanotherapy 
Ostriches 

See  also  Birds 
Ostrogoths  see  Goths 
Otology  see  Ear 
Outdoor  life 

See  also  Camping ;  Country  life ;  Farm  life  ; 
Fishing;  House  boats;  Hunting;  Mountain- 
eering;   Natural    history;    Nature;    Picnics; 
Sports;  Vacations;  Walking;  Wayfaring  life 
Outdoor  relief 

See  also  Charities 
Outdoor  schools  see  Open-air  schools 
Outlaws 

See  ajso  Brigands  and  robbers;  Crime  and 
criminals 
Ovens 

See  also  Baking;  Stoves 
Overland  journeys  to  the  Pacific  [for  p re-rail- 
road journeys  only] 
See  also  Frontier  and  pioneer  life;  Western 
states 

Overpressure  (education) 

See  also  Curriculum;  Overwork 


Overtures 

Overwork 

See    also    Fatigue;    Overpressure    (educa- 
tion) ;  Rest 
Ownership  see  Property 
Ox  see  Oxen 
Oxen 

See  also  Cattle;  Live  stock 
Oxford  movement 


Oxygen 
Oysters 

See  also  Bivalves;  Pearls 

Ozone 

Pacific  cable  see  Cables,  Submarine 


Refer  from  Asylums;  Charities;  Charity 
schools;  Children;  Children  —  Charities,  pro- 
tection, etc.;  Foundlings;  Homes  (institu- 
tions) (s) ;  Orphan  asylums  (s) 


Refer    from  Calvinism;    Congregationalism; 
Theology 


Refer  from  Insects;  Locusts 

Refer  from  Absorption  (physiology);  Cells; 
Chemistry,  Physical;  Fluids;  Physics;  Physi- 
ological chemistry;  Solution  (chemistry) 


Refer  from  Mechanotherapy;  Therapeutics 
Refer  from  Birds 


Refer  from  Camping;  Country  life ;  Natural 
history;  Nature;  Rural  life  (s) ;  Sports;  Vaca- 
tions; Wayfaring  life 


Refer  from  Charities;  Relief  work  (s) 


Refer  from  Brigands  and  robbers;  Crime  and 
criminals 

Refer  from  Baking;  Cookery;  Stoves 


Refer  from  Frontier  and  pioneer  life;  Trans- 
continental journeys,  U.  S.  (s) ;  U.  S.  —  De- 
scription and  travel;  Western  states 

Refer  from  Curriculum;  Education;  Fatigue, 
Mental;  Overwork;  School  hygiene;  School 
management 

Refer  from  Instrumental  music;  Music; 
Opera;  Orchestral  music 

Refer  from  Fatigue;  Hygiene;  Overpressure 
(education) ;  Work 


Refer  from  Cattle;  Live  stock;  Ox  (s) 
Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Church  of  I'-ng- 
land  ;  Puseyism  (s) ;  Tractarianism  (s) 

Refer  from  Chemical  elements;  Gases 

Refer  from   Bivalves;   Food;   Mollusks;   Sea 
food 

Refer  from  Air;  Gases 


268 


Pacific  coast 

.S'(V  also  Pacific  states 
Pacific  states 

See  also  Frontier  and  pioneer  life;  Pacific 
coast;  Western  states;  also  names  of  states 
Pacing  see  Horse;  Horse  racing 
Pack  transportation 
Packing  for  shipment 

Packing  houses 

See  also  Packing  industry 
Packing  industry 

See   also    Beef;    Meat;    Meat    inspection; 
Packing  houses;  Slaughtering  and  slaughter- 
houses 
Padrone  system 

See  also  Contract  labor 

Pagan  civilization  see  Civilization,  Pagan 
Paganism 

See  also  Idolatry;  Mythology 

Pageants 

See    also     Coronations;     Festi\-als;     Play 
festivals;  Processions 
Pain 

See  also  Anesthetics;  Pleasure;  Suffering; 
Vivisection 

Paint 

See  also  Chemistry,  Technical;  Color; 
Corrosion  and  anti-corrosives ;  Painting 

Painted  glass  see  Stained  glass 
Painters 

See  al'so  Artists 

Painting 

See  also  Anatomy,  Artistic;  Animal  paint- 
ing and  illustration;  Art;  China  painting; 
Christian  art  and  symbolism;  Color;  Com- 
position (art);  Decoration  and  ornament; 
Drawing;  Esthetics;  Figure  painting; 
Flower  painting  and  drawing;  Frescoes; 
Idealism  in  art;  Illumination  of  manuscripts 
and  books;  Impressionism  (art);  Landscape 
painting;  Marine  painting;  Miniature  paint- 
ing; Mural  painting  and  decoration;  Natur- 
alism in  art;  Oil  painting;  Paint;  Painters; 
Painting,  Mechanical;  Paintings;  Pastel; 
Perspective;  Portrait  painting;  Prera- 
phaelitism  ;  Proportion  (art) ;  Realism  in  art ; 
Scene  painting;  Sepia  painting;  Stained 
glass;  Stencil  work;  Water  color  painting 

Italian 

M  echanical 

See  also  Carriage  painting;  Color;  Gild- 
ing; Graining;  House  painting;  Lettering; 
Marbling;  Paint;  Sign  painting;  Stains 
and  staining;  Varnish  and  varnishing; 
Wood  finishing 
Paintings 

See    also    Art — Exhibitions;    Art  —  Gal- 
leries and  museums;  Art  forgeries;    Madon- 
nas; Painting:  Pictures;  Portraits 
Paints  see  Paint 


Refer  from  Pacific  states 

Refer  from  Pacific  coast;  Western  states 


Refer  from  Horse;  Transportation 
Refer  from  Baggage;  Commerce;   Transpor- 
tation 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Packing  industry 

Refer  from  Beef;  Canned  food  (s) ;  Food  sup- 
ply; Meat;  Packing  houses;  Slaughtering  and 
slaughterhouses 

Refer  from  Contract  labor;  Italians  in  the 
U.  S. ;  Labor  and  laboring  classes 


Refer  from  Heathenism  (s) ;  Idolatry; 
Religion 

Refer  from  Acting;  Amusements;  Drama; 
Entertainments;  Festivals;  Processions 

Refer  from  Diagnosis;  Emotions;  Pleasure; 
Psychology,  Physiological ;  Senses  and  sensa- 
tion ;  Suffering 

Refer  from  Chemistry,  Technical;  Corrosion 
and  anti-corrosives;  Painting;  Painting,  Me- 
chanical; Paints  (s) ;  Pigments  (s) 


Refer  from  Artists;  Painting;  Portrait 
painters  (s) 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Art;  Color;  Com- 
position (art);  Decoration  and  ornament; 
Drawing;  Esthetics;  Figure  painting;  Graphic 
arts  (s) ;  Landscape  painting;  Marine  painting; 
Oil  painting;  Paint;  Paintings;  Sketching  (s); 
Water  color  painting 


Refer  from  Italian  painting  (s) 

Refer  from  Carriage  painting;  Graining; 
House  painting;  Industrial  arts;  Mechanical 
painting  (s) ;  Painting;  Sign  painting;  Varnish 
and  varnishing;  Wood  finishing 


Refer  from    Art  —  Galleries    and    museums; 
Painting;  Pictures 


269 


Palaces 

See  also  Architecture;  Castles;  also  names 
of  palaces,  e.g.  Alhambra,  Louvre,  Versailles 
(palace),  Windsor  castle 
Palaeontology  see  Paleontology 
Paleobotany  see  Fossil  plants 
Paleography 

See  also  Abbreviations;  Alphabet;  Books; 
Charters;   Illumination    of    manuscripts  and 
books;  Inscriptions;  Manuscripts;  Writing 
Paleolithic  period  see  Stone  age 
Paleontology  [subdivided  like  Geology,  Strati- 
graphic] 
See    also    Animals,    Extinct;    Footprints, 
Fossil;   Fossil   plants;   Geology;   also   names 
of  fossil  animals,  e.g.  Alammoths,  Trilobites ; 
and  subhead  Fossil  under  names  of  animals 
and    classes   of   animals,    e.g.    Birds,    Fossil; 
Insects,   Fossil;  Invertebrates,  Fossil;  Mol- 
lusks.  Fossil;  Reptiles,  Fossil 

U.  S. 

See  also  Geology  —  U.  S. 

Paleozoic    era    see    Geology,    Stratigraphic  — 

Paleozoic;  Paleontology  —  Paleozoic 
Palmistry 


Palsy  see  Paralysis 
Panama  canal 

See  also  Canal  Zone;  Ship  canals 

Panics 

See  also  Business  depression;  Speculation; 
Unemployed 


Panislamism 

Panoramas 

See  also  Cycloramas 

Panslavism 

Pantheism 

See  also  God;  Monism;  Vedanta 

Pantomime 

See  also  Amateur  theatricals;  Ballet; 
Gesture ;  Puppet  plays  ;  Shadow  pantomimes 

Papacy  see  Catholic  church;  Popes 

Papal  bulls  see  Bulls,  Papal 

Papal  schism  see  Schism,  The  great  western, 
1378-1417 

Paper 

See  also  Cellulose;  Marbling;  Paper  work; 
Papier-mache;  Papyrus;  Parchment;  Sta- 
tionery; Wall  paper;  Wood  pulp 

Paper  cutting  see  Paper  work 

Paper  flowers 

Paper  hanging  see  Wall  paper 


Refer  from  Architecture 


Refer  from  Alphabet;  Archives;  Diplomat- 
ics (s) ;  Illumination  of  manuscripts  and  books; 
Inscriptions;  Manuscripts;  Writing 


Refer  from  Animals,  Extinct;  Animals, 
Fossil  (s) ;  Extinct  animals  (s) ;  Fossil  plants; 
Fossils  (s) ;  Geology;  Geology,  Stratigraphic; 
IVIammoths;  Man;  Natural  history;  Palaeon- 
tology (s) ;  Petrifaction  (s) ;  Science;  Zoology 


Refer    from     Geology  —  U. 
Paleontology  (s) 


U.     S. — 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Character;  Charac- 
ter reading  (s) ;  Cheirognomy  (s) ;  Cheiroman- 
cy (s) ;  Cheirosophy  (s) ;  Chirognomy  (s) ; 
Chiromancy  (s) ;  Chirosophy  (s) ;  Divination; 
Fortune  telling;  Hand;  Superstition 


Refer  from  Canal  Zone;  Canals;  Isthmian 
canal  (s) ;  Ship  canals 

Refer  from  Business;  Business  depression; 
Commerce;  Commercial  crises  (s) ;  Crises, 
Commercial  (s) ;  Economics;  Finance;  Finan- 
cial crises  (s) ;  Hard  times  (s) ;  Prices;  Pros- 
perity; Speculation;  Stock  exchange 

Refer  from  Eastern  question  (Near  East) ; 
Mohammedanism 

Refer  from  Cycloramas;  Entertainments; 
Pictures 

Refer  from  Eastern  question  (Near  East) ; 
Europe — Politics;  Russia;  Slavs 

Refer  from  God;  Monism;  Philosophy; 
Religion;  Skepticism;  Theology 

Refer  from  Acting;  Amateur  theatricals; 
Amusements  ;  Ballet ;  Drama  ;  Entertainments  ; 
Gesture;  Sign  language;  Theater 


Refer  from  Cellulose;  Chemistry,  Technical; 
Manufactures;  Parchment;  Printing;  Sta- 
tionery; Wood  pulp;  Writing 


Refer     from     Artificial     flowers; 
Paper  work 


Flowers ; 


270 


Paper  money 

See  also  Bank  notes;  Banks  and  banking; 
Finance;  Greenbacks;  Legal  tender;  Money 

Paper  work  [for  children] 
See  also  Paper  flowers 

Papier-mache 

Pap}-ri  see  Manuscripts 

Papyrus 

Parables 

See  also  Allegories ;  Bible  —  New  Testa- 
ment—  Gospels;  Fables;  Jesus  Christ  — 
Teaching 

Paradise  see  Eden;  Heaven 

Parallax 

See  also  Astronomy;  Astronomy,  Spherical 
and  practical 

Paralysis 

See  also  Apoplexy 

Paramagnetism  see  Magnetism 
Parasites 

See  also  Bacteriology;  Fungi;  Hook  orm 
disease;  Insects,  Injurious  and  beneficial 


Parcels  post 

See  also  Library  post 

Parchment 

See  also  Paper 
Pardon 

Parental  schools 

See  also  Truant  schools 

Parents 

See  also  Ancestor  worship;  Children; 
Domestic  relations;  Eugenics;  Family; 
Fathers;  Home  education;  Heredity;  Moth- 
ers 

Parish  schools  see  Church  schools 

Parks 

See  also  Amusement  parks;  Botanical 
gardens;  Commons;  Landscape  gardening; 
Municipal  improvement;  National  parks 
and  reserves;  Playgrounds;  Zoological 
gardens;  also  names  of  cities,  subhead  Parks 

Parliament    see    England  —  Parliament;    also 
names  of  other  countries 

Parliamentary  practice 

See  also  Amendments  (parliamentary 
practice);  Committees;  Legislative  bodies 

Parochial  schools  see  Church  scliools 
Parodies 

See  also  Burlesques 


Parole 

See  also  Discharged  prisoners;  Probation 
sj'stcm 


Refer  from  Bank  notes;  Bills  of  credit  (s) ; 
Bills  of  exchange  (s) ;  Fiat  money  (s) ;  Green- 
backs; Legal  tender;  Money 

Refer     from     Busy     work;      Kindergarten; 
Paper;  Paper  cutting  (s) ;  Manual  training 
Refer  from  Paper 

Refer  fro  m  Paper 

Refer  from  Allegories;  Bible;  Bible  —  New 
Testament  —  Gospels  ;  Fables ;  Jesus  Christ  — 
Teaching 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Astronomy,  Spherical 
and  practical;  Heliometer;  Solar  parallax  (s) ; 
Stars;  Stellar  parallax  (s) ;  Sun 

Refer  from  Brain;  Hemiplegia  (s) ;  Medicine 
—  Practice;  Palsy  (s) 


Refer  from  Animal  parasites  (s) ;  Animals — 
Diseases;  Biology;  Botany;  Entozoa  (s) ; 
Epizoa  (s) ;  Ilelminthology  (s) ;  Insects,  In- 
jurious and  beneficial;  Medicine — Practice; 
Pathology;  Plants  —  Diseases;  Worms;  Zo- 
ology 

Refer  from  Express  companies;  Library  post; 
Postal  service 

Refer  from  Manuscripts;  Paper 
Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Executive 
power;  Law 

Refer  from  Juvenile  delinquency;  Schools; 
Truant  schools 

Refer  from  Children;  Domestic  relations; 
Family;  Fathers;  Mothers 


Refer  from  Botanical  gardens;  Cities;  Com- 
mons; Land;  Landscape  gardening ;  Municipal 
improvement;  Plaj-grounds 


Refer  from  Amendments  (parliamentary 
practice);  Committees;  Debating;  Law;  Legis- 
lation; Legislative  bodies;  Rules  of  order  (s) 


Refer  from  American  literature;  Burlesques; 
English  literature;  German  literature;  Humor; 
Literature;  Poetry;  Satire 

Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Discharged 
prisoners;  Indeterminate  sentence;  Prisons; 
Probation  system;  Punishment 


271 


Parrots 

SfV  also  Birds 
Parsees 

See  also  Avesta ;  Fire  worship;  Zoroastri- 
anism 
Parsis  see  Parsees 
Parsons  see  Clergy 

Part  songs  see  Choruses  and  part  songs 
Parthenogenesis 

Parties  see  Balls  (parties);  Children's   parties; 
Entertaining 

Parties,  Political,  see  Political  parties 

Partnership 

See  also  Agency;  Bankruptcy;  Commer- 
cial law;  Corporations;  Joint-stock  com- 
panies; Trade-marks 

Party  government  see  Political  parties 

Party  platforms  see  Platforms,  Political 

Passenger  coaches  see  Cars 

Passes  (free  transportation) 

Passion  plays 

See   also    Aliracle,    morality    and    mystery 
plays;  Oberammergau  passion  play 
Passions  see  Emotions 
Passover 

See  also  Jews  —  Religion;  Lord's  supper 

Passports 
Paste 

See  also  Adhesives;  Glue 
Pastel 

Pasteurism 

Pastimes- .v^?  Amusements;  Games;  Sports 
Pastoral  poetry 

See  also  Nature  in  poetry 


Pastoral  theology  see  Clergy;  Pastoral  work 
Pastoral  work 

See  also  Clergy;  Preaching 


Pastors  see  Clergy;  Pastoral  work;  Preachers; 

Priests 
Pastry 

See  also  Baking;  Cookery 

Pastures  and  meadows 

See  also  Forage  plants;  Grasses;  Grazing; 
Hay 

Patent  medicines  see  Medicines,  Proprietary 
Patents 

See  also  Inventions;  Trade-marks 


Paternalism 

See  also  Despotism;  Government  owner- 
ship;   Government    regulation   of   industry; 
Socialism 
Pathological  botany  s:e  Plants  —  Diseases 


Refer  from  Birds 

Refer  from  Avesta;   Fire  worship;   India  — 
Religion;  Parsis  (s) ;  Religions;  Zoroastrianism 


Refer  from    Biology;    Embryology;    Repro- 
duction 


Refer    from     Commerce;     Commercial    law; 
Contracts;  Joint-stock  companies;  Law 


Refer  froyn   Railroad   passes    (s) ;   Railroads; 
Railroads  —  Passes  (s) ;  Railroads  —  Rates 

Refer  from   Drama ;    Aliracle,    morality   and 
mystery  plays;  Theater 


Refer  from   Jews;   Jews — -Religion;    Lord's 
supper 

Refer  from  International  law;  Travel 

Refer  from  Adhesives;  Glue 
Refer  from  Art;  Crayon  drawing;  Drawing; 
Painting 

Refer  from  Hydrophobia;  Inoculation 


Refer  from  Bucolic  poetry  (s) ;  Country  life; 
Eclogues  (s) ;  Nature  in  poetry;  Poetry; 
Rural  poetry  (s) 


Refer  from  Church  work;   Clergy;  Pastoral 
theology   (s) ;   Pastors   (s) ;  Theology,   Pastor- 

al  (s) 


Refer  from  Baking;  Cooker}-;  Pies  (s) 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Forage  plants; 
Grasses;  Grazing;  Hay;  Meadows  (s) ;  Rota- 
tion of  crops 


Refer  from  Discoveries  (in  science)  (s) ; 
Industrial  arts;  Intellectual  property  (s) ; 
Inventions;  Law;  Letters  patent  (s) ;  Ma- 
chinery; Manufactures;  Property,  Intellect- 
ual (s) ;  Trade-marks 

Refer  from  Despotism;  Government;  Gov- 
ernment regulation  of  industry  ;  Socialism 


Pathological  chemistry  see  Physiological  chem- 
istry 

Pathological  psychology  see  IMental  diseases 

Pathology 

See  also  Abscess;  Autopsy;  Bacteriology; 
Blood;  Contagion  and  contagious  diseases; 
Diagnosis;  Fever;  Germ  theory  of  disease; 
Hair;  Hemorrhage;  Histology;  Hygiene; 
Immunity;  Inflammation;  Longevity;  Ma- 
laria; Medical  geography;  Medicine;  Medi- 
cine—  Practice;  Parasites;  Physiological 
chemistry;  Ptomaines;  Suppuration;  Tem- 
perament; Therapeutics;  Toxins;  Tumors 

Vegetable,  see  Plants  —  Diseases 

Patience 

Patience  (game)  see  Solitaire 

Patriarchal  government  see  Patriarchy 

Patriarchs 

See  also  Bible  —  Old  Testament  —  Gene- 
sis 

Patriarchy 

See  also  Tribes  and  tribal  system 

Patriotic  societies 

See  also  U.  S.  —  History  —  Revolution  — 
Societies;    U.    S.  —  History  —  Civil    war  — 
Societies 
Patriotic  songs  see  National  songs;  War  songs 
Patriotism 

See  also  Citizenship;  Loyalty;  Preserva- 
tion of  landmarks,  scenery,  etc. 

Patriots'  day 

Patristics  ^^f  Fathers  of  the  church 
Patrology  see  Fathers  of  the  church 
Patrons  of  husbandry  see  Grange 
Pattern  making 

See  also  Foundry  work;  Mechanical 
drawing 

Pauline  epistles  see  Bible  —  New  Testament  — ■ 

Epistles 
Pauperism  see  Poor 
Pavements 

See     also     Asphalt;      Bricks;      Concrete; 

Mosaics;     Roads;     Roads,     Macadamized; 

Sidewalks;  Streets 

Paving  see  Pavements 
Pawnbroking 

See  also  Bailments 

Pawnshops  see  Pawnbroking 
Peace 

See  also  Arbitration,  International;  Dis- 
armament; International  relations;  Mili- 
tarism; Nonrcsistance;  War 

Peach 

See  also  Fruit 
Pear 

See  also  Fruit 
Pearls 

Pears  see  Pear 


R'-fer  from  Diagnosis;  Disease  (s) ;  H\-giene ; 
Medicine;  Physiology;  Therapeutics 


Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Ethics 


Refer  from  Bible;  Bible — -Old  Testament — 
Biograpliy;  Bible — -Old  Testament — -Gene- 
sis ;  Jews 

Refer  from.  Family;  Government;  Patriarcli- 
al  government  (sj ;  Tribes  and  tribal  system 

Refer  from  Societies;  L^.  S. — -History  — 
Revolution  —  Societies  ;     U.     S.  — ■  History  — 

Civil  war  —  Societies 


Refer  from  Citizenship;  Conduct  of  life; 
Ethics;  Government;  Loyalty;  Political 
ethics ;  Public  spirit  (s) 

Refer  from  Holidays 


Refer  from  Foundry  work;  Machine  shop 
practice;  Machinery;  Alechanical  drawing; 
Metals 


Refer  from  Asphalt;  Bricks;  Cement;  Con- 
crete; Floors;  Municipal  engineering;  Munic- 
ipal improvement;  Paving  (s) ;  Roads;  Side- 
walks ;  Streets 


Refer  from   Bailments;  Banks  and  banking; 
Commerce;  Pawnshops  (s) 


Rejer  from  Arbitration,  International;  Dis- 
armament; Ethics;  International  law;  Inter- 
national relations;  Militarism;  Nonrcsistance; 
Sociology;  War 

Refer  from  Fruit 


Refer  from  Fruit;  Pears  (s) 
Refer    from     Diving;     Jewelry; 
Oysters;  Precious  stones 


Mollusks ; 


273 


Peasantry 

See    also     Farm    labor;     Peasants'     war; 
Villeinage 
Peasants'  war,  1524-1525 

See    also    Anabaptists;    Germany — ■   His- 
tory —  15 17-1740 ;     Reformation  —  Germa- 
ny 
Peat 

See  also  Briquets;  Geology,  Economic 


Pedagogy  see  Teaching 
Peddlers  and  peddling 

See  also  Salesmanship;  Street  cries 

Pedestrianism  see  Walking 

Pediatrics  see   Children  —  Care   and   hygiene; 

Children  —  Diseases 
Pedigrees  see  Genealogy;  Heraldry;  Horse 
Peerage 

See  also   Aristocracy;   Heraldry;    Knights 

and  knighthood;  Titles  of  honor  and  nobility 


Pelagianism 

See  also  Church  history —  Early  church 

Pelagic  fauna  see  Marine  zoology 
Pellagra 

Peloponnesian  war 

See  also  Greece  —  History 
Pen  and  ink  drawing  see  Pen  drawing 
Pen  drawing 

Penal  coties  see  Criminal  law 
Penal  colonies 

See  also  Exile;  Siberia  — •  Exiles 


Penal  institutions  see  Penal  colonies;  Prisons; 
Reformatories 

Penal  law  see  Criminal  law 

Penance 

See  also  Absolution;  Church  discipline; 
Confession;  P'asting;  Pilgrimages;  Repent- 
ance 


Pendulum 

See  also  Earth 


Rotation;  Gravitation 


Peninsular  campaign,  1862 

See  also  Army  of  the  Potomac ;  U.  S.  — 
History  —  Civil  war 
Peninsular  war,  1807-1814 

See       also        Europe  —  History —  1789-; 
Napoleonic  wars;  Spain  —  History —  1700- 


Penitence  see  Repentance 
Pcnitentes  see  I*'lagcllants 
Penitentiaries  see  Prisons 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Country  life;  Farm 
labor;  Feudalism;  Labor  and  laboring  classes 

Refer  from  Anabaptists;  Germany — His- 
tory—  1517-1740;  Peasantry;  Reformation 
—  Germany 

Refer  from  Bog  fuel  (s) ;  Fertilizers  and  man- 
ures; Fuel;  Geology,  Economic;  Physical 
geography 


Refer  from  Business;  Commercial  travelers; 
Hucksters  (s) ;  Merchants;  Street  cries 


Refer  from  Aristocracy;  Baronage  (s) ; 
Baronetage  (s) ;  Biography;  Class  distinction; 
Genealogy;  Heraldry;  Knightage  (s) ;  Knights 
and  knighthood;  Nobility  (s) ;  Titles  of  honor 
and  nobility 

Refer  from  Church  history — Early  church; 
Theology 

Refer  from  Medicine  —  Practice;  Skin  — 
Diseases 

Refer  from  Greece  —  History 

Refer  from  Drawing;  Pen  and  ink  drawing  (s) 


Refer  from  Banishment  (s) ;  Colonies  and 
colonization;  Convicts  (s) ;  Crime  and  crim- 
inals; Deportation  (s) ;  Exile  ;  Exportation  (s) ; 
Labor  colonies  (s) ;  Penal  institutions  (s) ; 
Prisons;  Punishment;  Transportation  of  crim- 
inals (s) 


Refer  from  Absolution;  Catholic  church; 
Church  discipline;  Church  polity;  Confession; 
Pilgrimages;  Repentance;  Sacraments;  The- 
ology 

Refer  from  Clocks  and  watches;  Geodesy; 
Gravitation;  Physics;  Timekeepers 

Refer  from  Army  of  the  Potomac;  U.  S. — 
History  —  Civil  war  —  Campaigns  and  battles 

Refer  from  England  —  History — 1714- 
1837;  Europe  —  History —  1789-;  France —- 
History — Consulate  and  empire;  Napoleonic 
wars;  Portugal  —  History;  Spain — History 
—  1700- 


274 


Penmanship 

SV:?  fl/j-o  Graphology;  Lettering;  Writing  Refer   from    Business    education;    Calligra- 

phy (s) ;  Chirography  (s) ;  Graphology;  Hand- 
writing (s) ;  Writing 
Pennsylvania  Dutch  see  Germans  in  Pennsyl- 
vania 
Pennsylvania  Germans  see  Germans  in  Penn- 
sylvania 
Penny  lunches  see  School  lunches 
Penology  see  Punishment 

Pens  Refer  from  Manufactures;  Writing 

Pensions 

See    also    Annuities;    Bounties,    Military;  Refer   from    Annuities;    Compensation    (s) ; 

Civil    service    pensions;    Old    age    pensions;       Poor ;  Soldiers 
Railroads — Pensions;       Soldiers'       homes; 
Teachers  —  Salaries,  pensions,  etc. 

U.  S.  Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Pensions  (s) 

Pentateuch  see  Bible  —  Old  Testament  —  Pen- 
tateuch 
Peonage 

See  also  Contract  labor  Refer  from  Contract  labor;  Labor  an  J  labor- 

ing classes;  Serfdom;  Slavery 
People 

See  also  Democracy;  Folklore;  Labor  and  Refer  from  Sociology 

laboring    classes;    Liberty;    Nations;    Poor; 
Public  opinion;  Sociology 
People's  palaces  see  Social  centers 
Pequot  war,  1636-1638 

See  also   Connecticut — History;   Indians  Refer  from  Connecticut  —  History;  Indians 

—  Wars;  U.S. — -History — Colonial  period       — Wars;    New   England  —  History;   U.    S. — 

History  —  Colonial  period 
Perception 

See   fl/j-o  Apperception  ;  Hearing;  Psychol-  Refer    from    Apperception;     Consciousness; 

ogy;    Senses    and    sensation;    Sight;   Space       Intellect;  Knowledge;  Psychology;  Psycholo- 
perception  gy,  Educational;  Senses  and  sensation;  Space 

perception 
Perfection,  Christian,  see  Sanctification 
Perfumery 

Siv  «/j-o  Chemistry,  Technical;  Incense  Refer  from   Chemistry,   Technical;   Cosmet- 

ics;   Costume;    Essences    and    essential    oils; 
Manufactures  ;  Odors ;  Perfumes  (s) ;  Scent  (s) ; 
Toilet 
Perfumes  see  Odors;  Perfumery 
Pergolas 

See  also  Architecture  Refer  from  Architecture;  Landscape  garden- 

Periodic  law  ing 

S'(V  fl/jo  Chemistry,  Physical  Refer  from   Atomic   weights;   Chemical   ele- 

ments;     Chemistry;      Chemistry,      Physical; 
Metals 
Periodicals 

See    also    Advertising;    Chapbooks;    Chil-  Refer  from   Journalism;    Literature;    Maga- 

dren's    periodicals;    Journalism;    Liberty   of       zincs  (s) ;  Newspapers;  Press  (s) 
the    press;    Newspapers;    Students'    periodi- 
cals; also  subhead  Periodicals  under  various 
subjects 

England 

S>^  a/j-o  Newspapers  —  England  Refer     from      English      literature;      English 

periodicals  (s) ;  Newspapers  — •  England 

Indexes  Refer  from  Bibliography;  Indexes 

U.  S. 

S^^  a/j-o  Newspapers  —  U.S.  Refer  from   American   literature;   American 

periodicals  (s) ;  Newspapers  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S.  — 
Periodicals  (s) 
Perjury 

i'i'i?  rt/jo  Oat  lis ;  Witnesses  Refer  from   Crime  and   criminals;    Criminal 


law;  Oaths;  Witnesses 


27s 


Permian   period  see  Geology,   Stratigraphic  — 

Permian  ;  Paleontology  —  Permian 
Perpetual  motion 
Persecution 

See  also  Albigenses ;  Church  and  state; 
Friends,  Society  of;  Huguenots  ;  Inquisition  ; 
Jews  —  Persecution;  Liberty  of  conscience; 
Alartyrs;  Massacres;  Religious  liberty; 
\\'itclicraft 
Persian  language 

See  also  Iranian  languages 
Persian  literature 

See     also     Avesta ;     Oriental     literature; 
Persian  poetry 
Persian  poetry 

See  also  Persian  literature 
Personal  beauty  see  Beauty,  Personal 
Personal  liberty  see  Liberty 
Personal  names  see  Names,  Personal 
Personal  property 

See  also  Property;  Sale;  Taxation 

Personal  religion  see  Christian  life  and  charac- 
ter ;  Spiritual  life 
Personality 

See     also     Consciousness;     Individuality; 
Psychical  research;  Psychology;  Soul 


Personalty  see  Personal  property 
Perspective 

See  also  Drawing;  Projection;  Proportion 
(art) ;  Shades  and  shadows 

Perturbation 

See    also    Mechanics,     Celestial;    Orbits; 
Planets ;  Satellites 

Pessimism 

See  also  Optimism 

Pestilences  see  Epidemics 

Pests  see  Agricultural  pests;  Fungi;  House- 
hold pests;  Insects,  Injurious  and  beneficial; 
also  Cotton  —  Diseases  and  pests,  and 
similar  headings 

Petition,  Right  of 

Petrifaction  see  Petrified  forests;  Paleontology 
Petrified  forests 

See  also  Trees,  Fossil 

Pecrography  see  Rocks 

Petrol  see  Gasoline 

Petrol  engines  see  Gas  and  oil  engines 

Petroleum 

See  also  Coal-tar  products  ;  Gas  ;  Gasoline  ; 
Geology,  Econoniic;  Lamps;  Liquid  fuel 


Petroleum  engines  see  Gas  and  oil  engines 

Petrology  see  Rocks 

Pets 

See  also  Cage  birds  ;  Cats  ;  Dogs  ;  Domestic 
animals 


Refer  from  Mechanics;  Motion 

Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Church  his- 
tory; Fanaticism;  Heresy;  Inquisition;  Liber- 
ty of  conscience;  Martyrs;  Religious  liberty 


Refer  from  Iranian  languages 

Refer    fro-n     Oriental     literature;     Persian 
poetry 

Refer  from  Persian  literature 


Refer  from  Chattels  (s) ;  Law;  Personalty  (s) ; 
Property 


Refer  from  Character;  Consciousness; 
Double  consciousness  (s) ;  Double  personal- 
ity (s) ;  Dual  personality  (s) ;  Identity,  Person- 
al (s) ;  Individuality;  Metaphysics;  Multiple 
personality  (s) ;  Philosophy;  Psychical  re- 
search; Psychology;  Soul;  Subconsciousness 

Refer  from  Drawing;  Geometrical  drawing; 
Geometry;  Geometry,  Descriptive;  Light; 
Mechanical  drawing;  Painting;  Projection; 
Proportion  (art);  Shades  and  shadows 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Mechanics,  Celestial; 
Orbits;  Planets;  Satellites 

Refer  from  Optimism;  Philosophy 


Refer   from    Government;    Law;    Right    of 
petition  (s) 


Refer    from    Forests,     Petrified     (s) ;     Fossil 
plants;  Petrifaction  (s) ;  Trees,  Fossil 


Refer  from  Chemistry,  Technical;  Coal 
oil  (s) ;  Coal-tar  products;  Commercial  prod- 
ucts; Fuel;  Gas;  Geology,  Economic;  Kero- 
sene (s) ;  Lighting;  Liquid  fuel;  Mineral 
oils  (s);  Oil  (s);  Oil  wells  (s) ;  Wells 


Refer  from  Animals;  Domestic  animals 


276 


Pewter 

Sre  also  Alloys 

Phallic  worship  si-e  Phallicism 
Phallicism 

Phanerogams 

St'r    also    Botany,     and    references    under 
that  subject 
Phansigars  see  Thugs 
Phantoms  see  Apparitions 
Pharmacists 

See  also  Chemists 

Pharmacognosy  see  Drugs;  Pharmacy 
Pharmacology  see  Drugs  ;  Pharmacy 
Pharmacopoeias 

See  also   Dispensatories;   Drugs;   Materia 
medica 
Pharmacy 

See  also  Dispensatories;  Drugs;  Homeop- 
athy; Alateria  medica;  Medical  botany; 
Pharmacists;  Pharmacopoeias;  Prescriptions 


Philanthropists 

See  also  Philanthropy 
Philanthropy 

See    also    Altruism;    Charitable    societies; 
Charities;   Charity;   Philanthropists;   Social 
settlements;  Social  work 
Philately  see  Postage  stamps 
Philippine  languages 

See  also  Oceanic  languages 
Philology  see  Language 
Philosophers 
Philosopher's  stone 

See  also  Alchemy;  Elixir  of  life 

Philosophical  instruments  see  Scientific  appa- 
ratus and  instruments 

Philosophy 

See  also  Agnosticism;  Analogy;  Atheism; 
Axioms;  Being;  Belief;  Biology;  Causation; 
Certainty;  Chance;  Christianity;  Creation; 
Critical  philosophy;  Deism;  Dualism; 
Egoism;  Empiricism;  Enlightenment;  Epi- 
cureans; Esthetics;  Eternity;  Ethics;  Evi- 
dence; Evolution;  Fate  and  fatalism;  Force 
and  energy;  Future  life;  Gnosticism;  God; 
Hedonism;  Humanism;  Idealism;  Individ- 
uality; Infinite;  Intellect;  Knowledge;  Lib- 
erty; Life;  Logic;  Man;  Manicheism;  Ma- 
terialism; Matter;  Metaphysics;  Mind  and 
body;  Monadology;  Monism;  Mysticism; 
Natural  religion ;  Naturalism;  Nature;  Ne- 
cessity; Neoplatonism  ;  New  thought;  Nihil- 
ism; Optimism;  Pantheism;  Personality; 
Pessimism;  Philosophers;  Physics;  Platon- 
ists;  Pluralism;  Positivism;  Pragmatism; 
Psychology;  Rationalism;  Realism;  Reality; 
Reason;  Religion;  Religion  and  science; 
Scholasticism;  Science;  Skepticism;  Soph- 
ists; Soul;  Space;  Spiritualism;  Stoics; 
Supernatural;  Taoism;  Teleology;  Theism; 
Theology;  Theosophy;  Thought  and  think- 


Rejer  from    Allo}-s;    yXrts    and    crafts;    Hall 
marks;  Lead;  Metal  work;  Plate;  Tin 

Refer  from    Nature    worship;    Phallic    wor- 
ship (s) ;  Sex  worship  (s) 

Refer  from  Botany 


Refer   from    Apothecaries    (s) ;     Biography; 
Chemists;  Druggists  (s) ;  Pharmacy 


Refer  from  Dispensatories;  Drugs;  Materia 
medica;  Medical  botany;  Pharmacy 

Refer  from  Chemistry;  Chemistry,  Medi- 
cal (s) ;  Chemistry,  Pharmaceutical  (s) ;  Drugs  ; 
Materia  medica;  Medical  botany;  Medical 
chemistry  (s) ;  Medicine;  Pharmacognosy  (s) ; 
Pharmacology  (s) ;  Prescriptions  ;  Therapeutics 

Refer  from  Biography;  Philanthropy 

Refer  from  Benevolence  (s) ;  Charities; 
Ethics;  Gifts;  Giving  (s)  ;  Philanthropists; 
Poor 


Refer  from  Oceanic  languages 

Refer  from  Biography;  Philosophy 

Refer  from   Alchemy;    Elixir  of  life;   Stone, 
Philosopher's  (s) 


Refer  from  Ethics;  Knowledge;  Life;  Mental 
philosophy  (s)  ;  Metaphysics;  Ontology  (s)  ; 
Psychology;  Reason;  Religion;  Science;  The- 
ology; Thought  and  thinking 


277 


Philosophy  —  Continued 

ing;  Time;  Transcendentalism;  Truth; 
Universe;  Utilitarianism;  Will;  also  subhead 
Philosophy  under  various  subjects,  e.g. 
History  —  Philosophy 

Ancient 

See  also  Philosophy,  Greek;  Philosophy, 
Oriental 

Chinese 

See  also  Philosophy,  Oriental ;  Taoism 

Critical,  see  Critical  philosophy 

English 

See  also  Philosophy,  Modern ;  Utili- 
tarianism 

French 

See  also  Encyclopedists;  Philosophy, 
Modern;  Positivism 

German 

See  also  Critical  philosophy;  Philoso- 
phy, Modern;  Transcendentalism 

Greek 

See  also  Epicureans;  Philosophy,  An- 
cient; Platonists ;  Sophists;  Stoics 

Hindu 

See  also  Philosophy,  Oriental ;  Vedanta  ; 
Yoga 
Medieval 

See  also  Scholasticism 

Modem 

See  also  Agnosticism;  Enlightenment; 
Evolution;  New  thought;  Pragmatism; 
Rationalism;  Transcendentalism;  also 
Philosophy,  English;  Philosophy,  French; 
Philosophy,  German;  etc. 

Moral,  see  Ethics 

Natural,  see  Physics 

Oriental 

See  also  Philosophy,  Chinese;  Philoso- 
phy, Hindu;  Philosophy,  Persian 

Persian 

See      also      Manicheism;       Philosophy, 
Oriental 
Philosophy  of  history  see  History  —  Philosophy 
Philosophy  of  religion  Jd-^*  Religion — Philoso- 
phy 
Phlebotomy  see  Bloodletting 
Phonetic  spelling  see  Spelling  reform 
Phonetics 

See  also  Alphabet ;  Pronunciation  ;  Speech  ; 
Spelling 
Phonograph 

See  also  Telephonograph 

Phonography  see  Shorthand 
Phonology  see  Phonetics 
Phosphates 

See   also    Bone   products;    Fertilizers    and 
manures;  Geology,  Economic 


Refer  from  Philosoph\-,  Greek 


Refer  from  Chinese  philosophy  (s) ;  Philoso- 
phy, Oriental;  Taoism 


Refer  from  English  philosophy  (s) ;  Philoso- 
phy, Modern ;  Utilitarianism 

Refer  from  French  Philosophy  (s) ;  Philoso- 
phy, Modern;  Positivism 

Refer  from  Critical  philosophy;  German 
philosophy  (s) ;  Philosophy,  Modern 

Refer  from  Epicureans  ;  Greek  philosophy  (s) ; 
Philosophy,  Ancient;  Platonists;  Sophists; 
Stoics 

Refer  from  Hindu  philosophy  (s) ;  Hinduism; 
Philosophy,  Oriental;  Vedanta;  Yoga 

Refer  from  Medieval  philosophy  (s)  ;  Scho- 
lasticism 

Refer  frotn  Modern  philosophy  (s)  ;  Philoso- 
phy, English;  Philosophy,  French;  Philosophy, 
German 


Refer  from  Oriental  philosophy  (s) ;  Philoso- 
phy, Ancient;  Philosophy,  Chinese;  Philoso- 
phy, Hindu;  Philosophy,  Persian 

Refer  from  Manicheism  ;  Philosophy,  Oriental 


Refer  from  Language;    Orthoepy    (s) ;    Pho- 
nology (s) ;  Pronunciation;  Sound 

Refer   from    Electricity;    Gramophone    (s) ; 
Graphophone  (s) ;  Sound  ;  Talking  machines  (s) 


Refer  from  Agricultural  chemistry;  Bone 
products;  Fertilizers  and  manures;  Geology, 
Economic 


Phosphorescence 


Refer    from     Botany — Physiology;     Light; 
Ocean;  Radioactivity ;.  Zoology 


278 


Photochemistry 

See    also     Chemistry,     Physical ;      Photo- 
graphic chemistry 

Photo  chronograph 

See  also  Ballistics 


Photo-engraving 

See  also  Photogravure;  Photomechanical 
processes 

Photo-etching  see  Photo-engraving 
Photogrammetry  see  Photographic  surveying 
Photographic  chemistry 

See  also  Photochemistry;  Photography — • 
Printing  processes 

Photographic  optics 

See  also  Lenses 
Photographic  surveying 

Photographs 
Photography 

See  also  Astronomical  photography;  Blue 
prints;  Cameras;  Collotype;  Color  photog- 
raphy; Daguerreotypes;  Ferrotype;  Helio- 
type;  Lenses;  Moving  pictures;  Nature 
photography;  Photochronograph ;  Photo- 
engraving; Photographic  chemistry;  Photo- 
graphic optics;  Photographic  surveying; 
Photographs;  Photogravure;  Photolithogra- 
phy; Photomechanical  processes;  Photo- 
micrography; Radiography;  Stereopticon ; 
Telephotography 

Animals 

See  also  Nature  photography 


Astronomical,    see    Astronomical    photog- 
raphy 

Color,  see  Color  photography 

Composite 

Flash-light 

History 

Nature,  see  Nature  photography 

Plants 

See  also  Nature  photography 

Printing  processes 

See     also     Blue     prints;     Photographic 
chemistry 
Photography   of    animals    see    Photography  — 

Animals 
Photography    of    nature    see    Nature    photog- 
raphy 
Photography    of    plants    see    Photography  — 

Plants 
Photogravure 

See  also  Photomechanical  processes 


Photolithography 

See  also  Photomechanical  processes 


Refer  from  Chemical  effects  of  light  (s) ; 
Chemistry;  Chemistry,  Physical;  Light;  Op- 
tical chemistry  (s) ;  Photographic  chemistry 

Refer  from  Astronomical  instruments;  As- 
tronomical photography;  Ballistics;  Chrono- 
graph; Photography 

Refer  from  Engraving;  Half-tone  process  (s) ; 
Illustration  of  books;  Photo-etching  (sj ; 
Photography;  Photomechanical  processes 


Refer  from  Chemistry;  Chemistry,  Pho- 
tographic (s) ;  Photochemistry;  Photography; 
Photography  —  Printing  processes 

Refer  from  Lenses;  Photography 
Refer  from    Photogrammetry    (s) ;    Photog- 
raphy; Phototopography  (s) ;  Surveying 

Refer  from  Photography;  Pictures;  Portraits 

Refer  from  Art;  Cameras;  Daguerreotypes; 
Industrial  arts;  Light;  Printing;  Retouch- 
ing (s) ;  Technology 


Refer  from  Animal  photography  (s) ;  Ani- 
mals —  Photography  (s) ;  Animals  —  Pic- 
tures; Nature  photography;  Photography  of 
animals  (s) 


Refer  from  Composite  photography  (s) 
Refer  from  Flash-light  photography  (s) 


Refer  from    Nature    photography;    Photog- 
raphy of  plants  (s) ;  Plants  —  Photography  (s) 


Refer     from      Blue      prints; 
chemistry;  Platinotype  (s) 


Photographic 


Refer  from  Engraving;  Heliogravure  (s) ; 
Photo-engraving;  Photography;  Photomechan- 
ical processes 

Refer  from  Lithography;  Photography; 
Photomechanical  processes 


27Q 


Photomechanical  processes 

See    also    Collotype ;    Heliotype ;    Photo- 
engraving; Photogravure;  Photolithography 


Photometry 

See  also  Color;  Light 

Photomicrography 

See  also  Alicroscope  and  microscopy 

Phototherapy 

See  also  Radiotherapy 

Phototopography  see  Photographic  surveying 
Phrase-books  see  names  of  languages 
Phrasing  (music) 

See  also  Musical  form 

Phrenology 

See  also  Physiognomy 


Phthisis  see  Tuberculosis 

Physical  chemistry  see  Chemistry,  Physical 
Physical  culture  see  Physical  education 
Physical  deterioration 

See  alse  Degeneration  ;  Heredity 

Physical  education 

See  also  Athletics ;  College  athletics ; 
Delsarte  system;  Exercise;  Games;  Gym- 
nasiums ;  Gymnastics  ;  Gymnastics,  Medical ; 
Indian  clubs;  Jiu-jitsu;  Play;  Running; 
School  athletics;  Sports;  Training;  Walking 

Physical  geography 

See  also  Alluvium;  Altitudes;  Bays  and 
gulfs;  Beaches;  Caves;  Climate;  Coast 
changes;  Continents;  Deltas;  Deserts; 
Droughts;  Dunes;  Earth;  Earthquakes; 
Erosion;  Geochemistry;  Geographical  dis- 
tribution of  animals  and  plants;  Geography; 
Geology;  Geysers  and  hot  springs;  Glaciers; 
Hydrography ;  Ice  ;  Icebergs  ;  Islands  ;  Lakes  ; 
Landslides;  Magnetism,  Terrestrial;  Meteor- 
ology; Moraines;  Mountains;  Nature; 
Ocean;  Peat;  Plains;  Ponds;  Prairies;  Riv- 
ers; Seashore;  Springs;  Steppes;  Tides; 
Tropics;  Valleys;  Volcanoes;  Water;  Water, 
Underground;  Waterfalls;  Waterspouts; 
Waves 

U.  S. 

See  also  Geology  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S. —  Alti- 
tudes 

Physical  geology  see  Geology 

Physical   instruments   see   Scientific   apparatus 
and  instruments 

Physical  training  see  Athletics;  Ph\-sical  edu- 
cation 

Physicians  and  surgeons 

See  also  Anecdotes,  Medical;  Medical 
ethics;  Women  as  physicians 


Refer  from  Collotype;  Heliotype;  Illustra- 
tion of  books;  Photo-engraving;  Photography; 
Photogravure;  Photolithography;  Process 
work  (s) 

Refer  from  Electric  lighting;  Light;  Lighting 


Refer  from    Microphotography    (s) ;    Micro- 
scope and  microscopy;  Photography 

Refer  from  Blue  glass  cure  (s) ;  Light;  Light 
cure  (s) ;  Therapeutics 


Refer  from  Music;  IMusical  form;  Piano  — 
Instruction  and  study 

Refer  from  Brain;  Character;  Character 
reading  (s) ;  Head;  Man;  Mind  and  body; 
Physiognomy;  Physiology;  Psychology; 
Psychology,  Physiological 


Refer  from  Degeneration;  Heredity;  Physi- 
ology 

Refer  from  Athletics;  Calisthenics  (s) ; 
Callisthenics  (s) ;  Education;  Exercise;  Gym- 
nasiums; Gymnastics;  Gymnastics,  Medical; 
Hygiene;  Manly  exercise  (s) ;  Muscles; 
Physical  culture  (s) ;  Physical  training  (s) ; 
Sports ;  Training 

Refer  from  Alluvium;  Beaches;  Climate; 
Coast  changes;  Continents;  Deltas;  Dunes; 
Earth;  Earthquakes;  Erosion;  Geography; 
Geography,  Physical  (s) ;  Geology;  Geon- 
omy  (s) ;  Glaciers;  Icebergs;  Islands;  Lakes; 
Meteorology;  Moraines;  Mountains;  Natural 
history;  Ocean;  Physics;  Physiography  (s) ; 
Riveis;  Science;  Valleys;  Volcanoes;  Water 


Refer  from    Geology — U.    S. ;    V.    S. —  Ge- 
ography (s) ;  U.  S. —  Physical  geography  (s) 


Refer  from  Biography;  Doctors  (s) ;  Medical 
biography  (s) ;  Medical  directories  (s) ;  Medical 
ethics;  Medicine;  Medicine  —  Directories  (s) ; 
Surgeons  (s) ;  Surgery 


280 


Physics 

i'«r  fl/j-o  Agricultural  physics  ;  Air;  Astron-  Refer  from   Atoms;   Chemistry;   Chemistry, 

omy;  Atoms  ;  Barometer ;  Capillarity  ;  Chem-       Physical;      Dynamics;      Electricity;      Fluids; 

istry  ;  Chemistry,  Plu'sical ;  Compressibility  ;       Force    and    energy;    Gravitation;    Heat;  H\-- 

Condensation ;    Diamagnetism ;    Dynamics;       draulics;    Hydrostatics;    Light;    ^lagnetism; 

Elasticity;        Electricity;         Electrostatics;       Mathematics  ;  Matter ;  Mechanics  ;  Molecules  ; 

Ether   (of  space);   Evaporation;   Expansion       Natural     history;     Natural     philosophy     (s) ; 

(physics);  Fluids;   Force  and  energy;  Fric-       Natural  science   (s) ;  Philosophy;  Philosophy, 

tion  ;  Gases  ;  Gravitation  ;  Gyroscope  ;  Heat ;       Natural  (s) ;  Science  ;  Sound  ;  \'ibration 

Hydraulics;       Hydrostatics;       Kinematics; 

Light;    Liquefaction    of   gases;    Liquid    air; 

Liquids;    Magnetism;    Matter;    Mechanics; 

Meteorology;   Molecules;  Motion;   Motors; 

Osmosis;    Pendulum;    Physical    geography; 

Radiation;    Radioactivit}' ;    Rotation;    Soap 

bubbles;     Solids;     Sound;    Statics;    Steam; 

Thermodynamics;      Thermometer;      Units; 

Velocity;      Vibration;      Viscosity;      Water; 

Waves 

Experiments 

See     also     Electricity — Experiments;  ^f/^r /row  Experiments  (s) ;  Physics — Lab- 

Plnsics  —  Laboratory  manuals  oratory  manuals 

Laboratory  manuals 

See  also  Phj'sics  —  Experiments  Refer  from  Physics  —  Experiments 

Physiocrats  Refer  from  Economics;  Single  tax 

Physiognomy 

See  also  Expression;  Face;  Phrenology  Refer  from  Character;  Character  reading  (s)  ; 

Expression;   Face;   Head;   Man;   Phrenology; 
Physiology;  Psychology 
Physiography  see  Ph\-sical  geography 
Physiological  botany  see  Botany  —  Physiology 
Physiological  chemistry 

See  also  Absorption  (physiology);  Animal  Refer  from    Animal    chemistry    (s) ;    Animal 

heat;  Antitoxins;  Blood;  Cells;  Chemistry,  heat;  Biological  chemistry  (s) ;  Blood;  Cells; 
Legale  Digestion;  Enzymes;  Fermentation;  Chemistry  ;  Chemistry,  Animal  (s) ;  Chemistry, 
Gelatin;  Aletabolism;  Osmosis;  Proteins  Biological  (s) ;  Chemistry,  Aledical  (s) ;  Chem- 

istry,   Organic;    Chemistry,    Pathological    (s) ; 
Chemistry,  Physiological  (s) ;  Gelatin;  Histo- 
chemistry (s) ;  Medical  chemistry  (s) ;  Aledicine ; 
Metabolism;  Pathological  chemistry  (s) ;  Path- 
ology; Physiology;  Proteins 
Physiological  psychology  see  Psychology,  Physi- 
ological 
Physiology 

See   also   Absorption    (physiology);   Anat-  ^^/^r /row  Anatomy  ;  Biology  ;  Blood  ;  Body, 

omy;    Biology;    Blood;    Brain;    Breathing;       Human     (s) ;     Breathing;     Digestive    system; 
Color  of  man;   Deformities;   Degeneration;       Human  body  (s) ;  Plygiene;  Man;  Medicine; 
Digestion ;  Digestive  system;   Electrophysi-       Metabolism;   Muscles;   Nervous  system;    Re- 
ology ;     Embryology;     Growth;     Heredity;       spiratory  organs ;  Vascular  system 
Hygiene;      Longevity;      Man;      Medicine; 
Metabolism;    Mind    and    body;    Monsters; 
Morphology;     Muscles;     Nervous     system; 
Nutrition;  Pathology;  Phrenology;  Physical 
deterioration;    Physiognomy;    Physiological 
chemistry;  Protoplasm;  Psychology,  Physio- 
logical;      Puberty;       Respiratory      organs; 
Senses  and  sensation;   Sex;   Sleep;  Urinary 
organs;    Vascular   system;   Voice;   Yawning 

Comparative  Refer    from     Comparative     physiology     (s) ; 

Zoology 
Physiology  of  plants  see  Botany  —  Physiology 
Phytogeography     see     Geographical     distribu- 
tion of  animals  and  plants 
Pianists 

See  also  Musicians  Refer  from  Musicians;  Piano 

281 


Piano 

See  also  Harpsichord  ;  Alusicai  instruments  ; 
Pianists;  Piano  music;  Piano  players;  Tun- 
ing 
— — Instruction  and  study 

See  also  Music  —  1  nstruclion  and  study  ; 
Musical  accompaniment ;  Phrasing  (music) 
Piano  music 

See  also  Dance  music;  Instrumental 
music;  Sonatas 

Scores 

See  also   Duets,   Instrumental;   Sonatas 
Piano  players 
Pianoforte  see  Piano 
Pianola  see  Piano  players 
Picnics 

Pictographs  see  Picture  writing 
Picts 

See    also    Celts ;    Scotland  —  Antiquities  ; 
Scotland  —  History 
Picture  books 
Picture  frames 

Picture  posters  see  Posters 
Picture  writing 

See  also  Hieroglyphics 

Pictures 

See  also  Animals  —  Pictures;  Art — Ex- 
hibitions; Art  — Galleries  and  museums; 
Art  forgeries;  Caricature  and  cartoons; 
Drawings;  Engravings;  Etchings;  Libraries 
and  pictures;  Aloving  pictures;  Paintings; 
Panoramas;  Photographs;  Picture  frames; 
Portraits ;  Views 

Picturesque 

See  also  Esthetics;  Landscape 

Piece-work  see  Wages 

Pieces  to  speak  see  Recitations  and  readings 

Piers    see    Bridges — ^Foundations    and    piers; 
Wharves 

Pies  see  Pastry 

Pietists 

See  also  Germany  —  Religious  history 

Pig  see  Swine 

Pig  iron  see  Cast  iron 

Pigeons 

See  also  Birds 


Pigmentation  see   Color  of  animals;   Color  of 

man ;  Skin 
Pigments  see  Color;  Dyes  and  dyeing;  Paint 
Pigmies  see  Dwarfs 
Pigs  see  Swine 
Piles  and  pile  driving 

See  also  lireakwaters  ;  Cofferdams;  Foun- 

dati(jns  ;  Wharves 
Pilgrim  fathers 

See     also     Brownists ;      Massachusetts  — 

History;      Mayflower      (ship);      Plymouth; 

Puritans;  Thanksgiving  day;    U.    S. —  His- 

ti>r\'  —  Colonial  period 
Pilgrimages 

See  also  Penance;  Shrines 


Refer  from  Harpsichord;  Musical  instru- 
ments; Pianoforte  (s) ;  Spinet  (s) ;  Stringed 
instruments;  Virginal  (s) 

Refer  from  Music  —  Instruction  and  study 


Refer    from     Dance     music;     Instrumental 
music :  Piano 


Refer  from  Music  — -  Scores 
Refer  from  Piano;  Pianola  (s) 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Outdoor  life 


Refer  from  Celts;  Scotland  —  Antiquities; 
Scotland  —  History  ;  Stone  age 

Refer  from  Children's  literature 

Refer  from  Frames  (for  pictures)  (s) ;  House 
decoration;  Pictures 


Refer    from     Archaeology;     Hieroglyphics; 
Inscriptions;  Pictographs  (s)  ;  Writing 

Refer    from     Art;     Engravings;     Etchings; 
House  decoration;  Paintings;  Portraits;  Views 


Refer  from  Esthetics ;  Landscape;  Scenery  (s) 


Refer  from  Germany —  Religious  history 


Refer  from  Birds;  Carrier  pigeons  (s) ; 
Domestic  animals;  Doves  (s)  ;  Homing  pig- 
eons (s)  ;  Poultry;  Squabs  (s) 


Refer  fro ?n  Breakwaters;  Civil  engineering; 
Cofferdams;  Foundations;  Wharves 

Refer  from  Biography;  Brownists;  Christian 
biography;  Massachusetts  —  History;  May- 
flower (ship);  Plymouth;  Puritans;  L'.  S. — 
Biography;  U.  S. —  History  —  Colonial  period 


Refer     from      Catholic     church;      Penance; 
Shrines;  Travel;  Voyages  and  travels 


282 


Pillars  see  Columns 

Pillory 

Pilot  guides 

Pilots  and  pilotage 

See  also  Pilot  guides 

Ping-pong 

Pingree  plan  see  Vacant  lot  cultivation 

Pins  and  needles 

Pioneer  life  see  Frontier  and  pioneer  life 

Pipe 

See  also  Boiler  scale;  Pipe  fitting;  Steam 
pipes ;  Tubes 
Pipe  fitting 

See   also    Gas    fitting;    Plumbing;    Steam 
pipes 
Pipe  organ  see  Organ 

Pipes  see  Pipe;  Pipes,  Tobacco;  Steam  pipes 
Pipes,  Tobacco 

See  also  Smoking;  Tobacco 

Piracy  see  Pirates 
Pirates 

See  also  Buccaneers;  Privateering;  Treas- 
ure-trove 


Pisces  see  Fish 

Pisciculture  see  Fish  culture 

Pistols 

See  also  Firearms 

Pitch,  Mineral,  see  Asphalt 

Place  names  see  Names,  Geographical 

Placer    mining   see   Gold    dredging;    Hydraulic 

mining 
Plagiarism 

See  also  Literary  forgeries   and    mystifica- 
tions 
Plague 

See  also  Black  death;  Epidemics;  London 
—  Epidemics 


Plaids  see  Tartans 

Plain  chant  see  Chants 

Plain  song  see  Chants 

Plains 

See  also  Prairies;  Steppes 

Plainsong  see  Chants 

Plane  geometry  see  Geometry 

Planers  see  Planing  machines 

Planetesimal  hypothesis 

Planets 

.SVi?  also  Asteroids  ;  Astrology  ;  Astronomy  ; 
Earth  ;  Moon  ;  Nebular  hypothesis  ;  Occulta- 
tions;  Orbits;  Perturbation;  Planetesimal 
hypothesis;  Plurality  of  worlds;  Satellites; 
Solar  system  ;  Transits  ;  also  names  of  planets 

Planimeter 

Planing  machines 

See  also  Machine  tools;  Woodworking 
machinery 


Refer  from  Punishment 

Refer  from    Coast    pilots    (s) ;    Navigation; 
Pilots  and  pilotage;  Sailing  directions  (s) 

Refer    from    Harbors;     Inland     navigation; 
Navigation ;  Sailors 

Refer  from  Games;  Table  tennis  (s) ;  Tennis 

Refer  from  Manufactures;  Needles  (s) 
Refer  from  Pipes  (s) ;  Tubes 


Refer   from    Gas    fitting;    Pipe;    Plumbing; 
Stearn  fitting  (s) ;  Steam  pipes 


Refer  from    Pipes    (s) ;    Smoking;    Tobacco; 
Tobacco  pipes  (s) 


Refer  from  Barbary  corsairs  (s) ;  Buccaneers; 
Corsairs  (s) ;  Crime  and  criminals  ;  Filibusters  ; 
Freebooters  (s) ;  International  law;  Maritime 
law;  Naval  battles;  Naval  history;  Piracy  (s) 


Refer  from  Arms  and  armor ;  Firearms  ;  Guns  ; 
Revolvers  (s) 


Refer  from  Authorship;  Literary  forgeries 
and  mystifications;  Literature 

Refer  from  Black  death;  Bubonic  plague  (s) ; 
Contagion  and  contagious  diseases  ;  Epidemics  ; 
London  —  Epidemics  ;  London  —  History  ; 

Medicine — •  Practice 


Refer  from  Physical  geography 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Planets;  Solar 
system ;  Universe 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Mechanics.  Celestial ; 
Perturbation;  Satellites;  Solar  system;  Stars 


Refer  from  Mathematical  instruments;  Sur- 
veying instruments 

Refer  from  Machine  slujji  practice;  Macliinc 
tools;  Machinery;  Planers  (s) ;  Woodworking, 
machinery 


283 


Planispheres  Refer  from  y\slronomy  ;  Astronomy  — ■  Atlas- 

es ;  Stars 
Plankton 

S^f  a/j-o  Fresh-water  life;  Marine  biology ;  Refer     from      Biology;      Fresh-water      life; 

Marine  zoology  Marine  biology;  Marine  zoology 

Plans  (architecture)  see  Architectural  drawing; 

y\rchitccture,  Domestic 
Plant  anatomy  see  Botany,  Structural 
Plant  breeding 

See    also     Hybridization;     Mendel's    law;  Refer  from  Agriculture ;  Breeding ;  Fcrtiliza- 

Plant    propagation;    Seeds — Selection    and       tion  of  plants  ;  Floriculture  ;  Gardening;  Hered- 
testing  ity;  Hybridization;  Plant  propagation;  Plants 

—  Breeding  (s) ;  Species;  Thremmatology  (s) ; 
V'ariation  (biology) 
Plant   chemistry  see   Plants  —  Chemistry   and 

nutrition 
Plant  diseases  see  Plants  —  Diseases 
Plant  embryology  see  Botany  —  Embryology 
Plant  forms 

See     also     Design,     Decorative;      Flower  Refer  from   Decoration   and  ornament;   De- 

painting  and  drawing  sign,    Decorative;    Floral    design    (s) ;    Flower 

forms  (s)  ;  Flower  painting  and  drawing 
Plant  geography  see  Geographical  distribution 

of  animals  and  plants 
Plant  introduction 

Sr^  a/j-o  Acclimatization  (plants)  Refer   from    Acclimatization    (plants);    Ge- 

Plant  lice  ographical  distribution  of  animals  and  plants 

S^^  a/io  Hemiptera  Refer  from   Aphididae    (s) ;    Hemiptera ;    In- 

sects, Injurious  and  beneficial 
Plant  lore 

Sf^a/jo  Flower  language;  Folklore  ;  Nature  Refer  from  Folklore;  Folklore  of  plants  (s) ; 

myths  Nature  myths;  Plants —  Folklore  (s) 

Plant  morphology  see  Botany,  Structural 
Plant  names  see  Botany  —  Nomenclature 
Plant  pathology  see  Plants  — -  Diseases 
Plant  physiology  see  Botany  —  Physiology 
Plant  propagation 

See  also  Grafting;  Plant  breeding;  Seeds  Refer  from   Floriculture;   Gardening;    Plant 

breeding;  Plants  —  Propagation  (s) ;  Propaga- 
tion of  plants  (s) 
Plantation  songs  see  Negro  songs 
Planting    see    Agriculture;     Forest     planting; 
Gardening;      Landscape     gardening;     Tree 
planting 
Plants     [for    descriptive     and     non-systematic 
material) 
See     also     Agriculture;     Alpine     plants;  Refer  from   Agriculture;    Botany;    Flowers; 

Annuals  (plants);  Aquatic  plants;  Botany;  Natural  history;  Nature;  Nature  study; 
Climbing  plants;  Color  of  plants;  Fertiliza-  Vegetable  kingdom  (s) 
tion  of  plants;  Floriculture;  Flowers;  Gar- 
dening; Insectivorous  plants;  Leaves;  Nat- 
ural history;  Nature  study;  Poisonous 
plants;  Roots;  Seedlings;  Seeds;  Shrubs; 
Tropical  plants;  Weeds;  also  names  of 
plants,  and  headings  beginning  Plant 

Acclimatization,      see      Acclimatizatirm 

(plants) 

Anatomy,  see  Botany,  Structural 

Aquatic,  see  Aquatic  plants 

Breeding,  see  Plant  breeding 

Chemistry  and  nutrition 

.SV^     also     Botany — Physiology;     Cel-  /Jt'/t-r/rom  Agricultural  chemistry ;  Botanical 

lulosc;  Metabolism  chemistry  (s) ;  Botany — -Physiology;  Chemis- 

try; Chemistry,  Botanical  (s) ;  Chemistry, 
Organic;  Metabolism;  Nutrition  of  plants  (s) ; 
Plant  chemistry  (s) ;  Plants  —  Nutrition  (s) 

284 


Plants  —  Continued 

Classification,  see  Botany —  Classification 

Climbing,  see  Climbing  plants 

Collection  and  preservation 

Color,  see    Color  of  plants 

Cultivated  [for  botanical  information  and 

lists,  not  gardening] 
See  also  Floriculture;  Gardening 

Diseases 

See  also  Bacteriology,  Agricultural; 
Cotton  —  Diseases  and  pests;  Dry  rot; 
Fruit — Diseases  and  pests;  Fungi;  Galls 
(botany);  Mildew;  Parasites;  Spraying; 
Tobacco  —  Diseases  and  pests;  Trees — • 
Diseases  and  pests 

Effect  of  chemicals  on 

Effect  of  temperature  on 

Fertilization,  see  Fertilization  of  plants 

Folklore,  see  Plant  lore 

Fossil,  see  Fossil  plants 

Geographic  distribution,  see  Geographical 

distribution  of  animals  and  plants 
Habits,  see  Botany  —  Physiology;  Plants 

—  Movements 

Insectivorous,  see  Insectivorous  plants 

Medicinal,  see  Medical  botany 

Migration 

See  also  Geographical  distribution  of 
animals  and  plants 

Morphology,  see  Botany,  Structural 

Movepients 

See  also  Botany  —  Physiology;  Heli- 
otropism;  Irritability 

Names,  see  Botany  —  Nomenclature 

Nutrition,    see    Plants  —  Chemistry    and 

nutrition 

Pathology,  see  Plants  —  Diseases 

Photography,  see  Photography  —  Plants 

Physiology,  see  Botany  —  Physiology 

Poisonous,  see  Poisonous  plants 

Propagation,  see  Plant  propagation 

Useful,  see  Botany,  Economic 


Plaster  and  plastering 

See  also  Building;  Ceilings;  Gesso: 
painting  and  decoration  ;  Stucco 


Plaster  casts 

See  also  Modeling;  Sculpture;  Statues 

Plastering  see  Plaster  and  plastering 
Plate 

See  also  Goldsmithing ;  Hall  marks;  Pew- 
ter; Silversmithing;  Silverware 

Plate  girders  see    Girders 

Plate  glass  see  Glass 

Plate  marks  see  Hall  marks 

Plate -metal  work 

See  also  Metal  work 


Refer  from    Botanizing    (s) ;    Collectors    and 
collecting 


Refer  from  Botany,  Economic;  Cultivated 
plants  (s) ;  Domestication;  House  plants  (s) 

Refer  from  Bacteriology,  Agricultural;  Bot- 
any —  Pathology  (s) ;  Diseases  of  plants  (s) ; 
Fruit — Diseases  and  pests;  Fungi;  Mildew; 
Pathological  botany  (s) ;  Pathology,  Vege- 
table (s) ;  Plant  diseases  (s) ;  Plant  path- 
ology (s) ;  Plants  —  Pathology  (s) ;  Trees  — 
Diseases  and  pests;  Vegetable  pathology  (s) 

Refer  from  Agricultural  chemistry ;  Botany  — 
Physiology 

Refer  from  Freezing  (s) ;  Frost;  Temperature 


Refer    from     Geographical     distribution     of 
animals  and  plants;  Migration  of  plants  (s) 


Refer  from  Botany — Physiology;  Helio- 
tropism  ;  Irritability ;  Nlovements  of  plants  (s) ; 
Plants  —  Habits  (s) 


Mural  Refer   from    Building;    Building    materials; 

Ceilings;  Masonry;  Mural  painting  and  deco- 
ration; Plastering  (s) ;  Stucco 

Refer  from  Casting  (s-) ;   Casts,   Plaster   (s) ; 
Modeling;  Sculpture;  Statues 


Refer  from  Gold  plate  (s) ;  Goldsmithing; 
Hall  marks;  Jewelry;  Metal  work;  Silver- 
smithing;  Silverware 


Refer  from  Metal  work 


285 


Platforms,  Political 

•SV^  also  Political  parties 


Plating 

Sre   also    Bronzing;     Electroplating;    Gal- 
vanizing; Gilding;  Nietal  coloring 
Platinotype    see    Photography  —  Printing 

processes 
Platinum 

See  also  Metals 
Platonists 

See  also  Philosophy,  Greek;  N'eoplatonism 

Plattdeutsch  see  Low  German  language;  Low 

German  literature 
Play 

See  also  Amusements;  Athletics;  Games; 

Kindergarten  —  Games     and     songs;     Play 

festivals;      Playgrounds;      Playhouses      (for 

children)  ;  Sports 
Play  festivals 
Play  writing  see  Drama 
Players  see  Actors 
Playgrounds 

See  also  Parks ;  Vacation  schools 


Playhouses  (for  children) 

Playing-cards  see  Cards 

Playright  see  Copyright 

Plays  see  Amateur  theatricals;  Drama 

Playwrigljts  see  Dramatists 

Pleading  and  practice 

See  also  Actions  at  law;  Appeal;  Chan- 
cery; Costs;  Courts;  Equity;  Forms  (in 
law) ;  Law;  Trials 

Pleasure 

See  also  Contentment;  Emotions;  Happi- 
ness; Hedonism;  Joy;  Pain 

Pleistocene  period  see  Glacial  period 

Pliocene    period   see   Geology,    Stratigraphic — 
Pliocene;  Paleontology — Pliocene 

Plots  (drama,  novel,  etc.) 

See  also  Shakespeare,  William  — ■  Plots 

Ploughs  see  Plows 
Plowing  see  Tillage 
Plows 

See  also  Farm  implements  and  rnachiner> 

Plumbago  see  Graphite 
Plumbing 

See  also  Gas  fitting;  Lead  burning;  Pipe 
fitting;  Sanitary  engineering;  Sanitation, 
Household;  Solder  and  soldering 


Pluralism 
Plurality  of  worlds 


Refer  from  Goverrtment ;  Party  platforms  (s) ; 
Political  platforms  (s) ;  Political  parties;  Poli- 
tics; U.  S.  —  Politics 

Refer  from  Galvanizing;  Metal  work;  Silver- 
plating  (s) ;  Silverplating  (s) 


Refer  from  Metals;  Precious  metals 

Refer  from    Dualism;    Philosophy;    Philoso- 
phy, Greek 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Animals;  Child 
study;  Children;  Exercise;  Games;  Kinder- 
garten; Physical  education;  Psychology; 
Psychology,  Comparative;  Recreation  (s) 

Refer  from  Festivals;  Pageants;  Play 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Children;  Chil- 
dren —  Charities,  protection,  etc. ;  Municipal 
improvement;  Neighborhood  improvement; 
Parks;  Play;  Public  playgrounds  (s) ;  School 
children;  School  hygiene;  School  play- 
grounds (s) ;  Schools;  Social  centers 

Refer  from  Play 


Refer  from  Actions  at  law;  Costs;  Courts; 
Equity;  Forms  (in  law);  Law;  Practice 
(law)  (s) ;  Procedure  (s) ;  Trials 

Refer  from  Emotions;  Ethics;  Happiness; 
Hedonism;  Joy;  Pain;  Psychology 


Refer  from  Authorship;  Drama;  Dramatic 
plots  (s) ;  Fiction;  Literature;  Poetry;  Scen- 
arios (s) 


Refer  from  Farm  implements  and  machinery; 
Ploughs  (s) ;  Tillage 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Architecture,  Do- 
mestic; Building;  Gas  fitting;  House  drain- 
age (s) ;  Industrial  arts;  Lead;  Lead  burning; 
Pipe  fitting;  Sanitary  engineering;  Sanitation, 
Household;  Sewerage;  Traps  (plumbing)  (s) ; 
Water  supply 

Refer  from  Metaphysics;  Philosophy 
Refer     from     Astronomy;      Life     in     other 
worlds     (s) ;     Planets;     Theology;     Universe; 
Worlds,  Plurality  of  (s) 


Plutocracy  see  Wealth 
Plymouth  brethren 

Pneumatic  pumps  see  Air  pumps 

Pneumatic  tires  see  Tires 

Pneumatic  transmission    see    Compressed    air; 

Pneumatic  tubes 
Pneumatic  tubes 

See  also  Compressed  air 


Pneumatics  see  Air;  Gases 
Pneumonia 

See  also  Lungs;  Respiratory  organs  — 
Diseases 

Poaching 

See  also  Game  laws 

Poetry 

See  also  Alliteration;  Ballads;  Bards; 
Children's  poetry;  Christmas  poetry;  Col- 
lege verse;  Drama;  Elegiac  poetry;  Epic 
poetry;  Humor;  Hymns;  Literature;  Love 
poetry;  Lyric  poetry;  Macaronic  verse; 
Meter;  Minnesingers;  Nonsense  verse; 
Odes;  Parodies;  Pastoral  poetry;  Plots 
(drama,  novel,  etc.) ;  Poetry  of  places ;  Poets ; 
Prosody;  Quotations;  Religious  poetry; 
Rhyme;  Rhythm;  Songs;  Sonnets;  Trouba- 
dours;  Trouveres ;  Versification;  War  poet- 
ry; also  special  subjects,  e.g.,  Animals  in 
poetry,  Children  in  poetry.  Flowers  in 
poetry,  Nature  in  poetry,  and  subhead 
Poetry  under  various  subjects ;  also  Ameri- 
can poetry,  English  poetry,  etc. 

Collections 

See  also  Recitations  and  readings 

Poetry  of  animals  see  Animals  in  poetry 
Poetry   of   childhood   see   Children    in    poetry; 

Children's  poetry;  Nursery  rhymes 
Poetry  of  flowers  see  Flowers  in  poetry 
Poetry  of  love  see  Love  poetry 
Poetry  of  nature  see  Nature  in  poetry 
Poetry  of  places 
Poetry  of  war  see  War  poetry 
Poets 

See    also    Authors;     Bards;    Dramatists; 

Meistersingers ;     Minnesingers;     Minstrels; 

Poetry;      Poets      laureate;      Troubadours; 

Trouveres 
Poets  laureate 

Pointed  architecture  see  Architecture,  Gothic 
Poison  see  Poisons;  Ptomaines;  Toxins 
Poisonous  plants 

See  also  Medical  botany 

Poisons 

See  also  Alkaloids;  Antitoxins;  Arsenic; 
Chemistry,  Legal;  Drugs;  First  aid  in  illness 
and  injury;  Lead  poisoning;  Medical  juris- 
prudence; Narcotics;  Poisonous  plants; 
Ptomaines;  Toxins;  Venom 
Poker 

Sec  also  Cards 
Poker  work    see  Pyrography 
Polanders  see  Poles  (Polandcrs) 


Refer  from  Darbyites  (s) ;  Sects 


Refer  from  Compressed  air;  Conveying 
machinery  ;  Pneumatic  transmission  (s) ;  Trans- 
portation 


Refer    from     Lungs;     Medicine  —  Practice; 
Respiratory  organs  —  Diseases 

Refer  from  Game  laws;  Hunting;  Trapping 

Refer  from   Ballads;    Esthetics;   Literature; 
Meter;  Poets;  Prosody;  Rhetoric;  Romances; 

Versification 


Refer  from  Anthologies  (s) ;  Recitations  and 
readings 


Refer  from  Poetry 

Refer  from  Authors;  Dramatists;  Poetry 


Refer   from    Laureates     (s) ;    Poets;    Poets, 
English 


Refer  from  Botany,  Economic;  Plants; 
Plants,  Poisonous  (s) ;  Poisons 

Refer  from  Accidents;  Antidotes  (s) ;  Chem- 
istry; Chemistry,  Legal;  Drugs;  First  aid  in 
illness  and  injury;  Medical  jurisprudence; 
Medicine;  Murder;  Poison  (s) ;  Therapeutics; 
Toxicology  (s) ;  Toxins;  Venom 

Refer  from  Cards ;  Draw-poker  (s) ;  Gambling 


287 


Polar  light  see  Auroras 

Polar    regions    see    Antarctic    regions;    Arctic 

regions;  North  pole;  South  pole 
Polariscope 

See  also  Polarization  (light) 

Polarization  (light) 

See     also     Magneto-optics;     Polariscope; 
Stereochemistry 
Poles 

See  also  Wood  —  Preservation 

Poles  (Polanders) 

See  also  Poland;  Slavs 

Poles  in  the  U.  S. 

See  also  Sla\-s  in  the  U.  S. 

Police 

See  also  Constables;  Crime  and  criminals; 
Detectives;  Prisons;  also  names  of  countries 
and  cities,  subhead  Police 
Police  courts  see  Courts,  Municipal 
Police  power 

See  also  Civil  rights;  Constitutional  law; 
Eminent    domain;    Government    regulation 
of  industry;  Restraint  of  trade 
Polish  language 

See  also  Slavic  languages 
Polish  literature 

See  also  Slavic  literature 
Polishing  see  Grinding  and  polishing 
Politeness  see  Courtesy;  Etiquet 
Political  bosses  .r^-^'  Boss  rule 
Political  conventions 

See  also  Nominations;  Political  parties 


Political  corruption 

See  also  Boss  rule;  Bribery;  Campaign 
funds;  Civil  service  reform;  Graft;  Lobby- 
ing; Political  ethics 


Political  economy  see  Economics 
Political  ethics 

See   also    Bribery;    Citizenship;    Compro- 
mise ;  Graft ;  Patriotism  ;  Political  corruption 

Political  offenses 

See  also  Extradition;  Treason 


Political  parties 

See  also  Campaign  funds;  Campaign 
literature;  Independents  (in  politics);  Plat- 
forms, Political;  Political  conventions; 
Politics;  also  names  of  parties,  e.g.  Demo- 
cratic party;  Free  soil  party;  Know-nothing 
party;  Republican  party;  Tories,  English; 
Whig  parly;  and  names  of  countries,  sub- 
head Politics 

Political  platforms  see  Platforms,  Political 

Political  science  see  Government 

Political  songs  see  Campaign  songs 


Refer  from    Optical    instruments;    Polariza- 
tion (light) 

Refer  from    Light;    Magneto-optics;    Polari- 
scope 

Refer  from  Telegraph;  Telegraph  poles   (s) ; 
Telephone;  Telephone  poles  (s) ;  Wood 

Refer  from  Poland;  Polanders  (s) ;  Slavs 


Refer  from  Slavs  in  the  U.  S. ;  U.  S. —  For- 
eign population 

Refer  from  Constables;  Crime  and  criminals; 
Detectives;  Government;  Law;  Municipal 
government;  Prisons;  Town  officers 


Refer  from  Constitutional  law;  Eminent 
domain;  Government;  Government  regulation 
of  industry;  Law;  Restraint  of  trade 

Refer  from  Slavic  languages 

Refer  from  Slavic  literature 


Refer  from  Conventions,  Political  (s) ; 
Elections  —  U.  S.;  Government;  Nomina- 
tions; Political  parties;  U.  S. —  Conventions 
and  public  meetings 

Refer  from  Boss  rule;  Bribery;  Ci\  il  service 
reform;  Corrupt  practices  at  elections  (s) ; 
Corruption  in  politics  (s) ;  Elections;  Govern- 
ment; Graft;  Lobbying;  Municipal  corrup- 
tion (s) ;  Political  ethics;  Politics 


Refer  from  Citizenship;  Ethics;  Ethics, 
Political  (s) ;  Government;  Political  corrup- 
tion; Politics;  Social  ethics;  State  ethics 

Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Extradi- 
tion; Government;  Impeachment;  Interna- 
tional law 

Refer  from  Government;  Parties,  Politi- 
cal (s) ;  Party  government  (s) ;  Platforms, 
Political;  Political  conventions;  Politics;  U.  S. 
—  Politics 


288 


Politics 

See  also  Ballot;  Boss  rule;  Campaign 
funds;  Campaign  literature;  Civil  service; 
Elections;  Government;  Independents  (in 
politics);  International  relations;  Liberal- 
ism; Lobbying;  Nominations;  Platforms, 
Political;  Political  corruption;  Political  eth- 
ics; Political  parties;  Primaries;  Sectional- 
ism; Suffrage;  also  names  of  countries  and 
states,  subhead  Politics,  and  names  of 
cities,  subhead  Government  and  politics 
Poll  tax 

Pollination  see  Fertilization  of  plants 
Pollution  of  streams  see  Water  pollution 
Polo 
Polyandry 

See  also  Polygamy 
Polygamy 

See  also  Harem  ;  Marriage ;  Mohammedan- 
ism ;  Mormons  and  Alormonism;  Polyandry 
Polynesian  languages 

See  also  Oceanic  languages 
Polyphase     currents     see     Electric     currents, 

Alternating 
Polyps  see  Coelenterata 
Polytechnic  schools  see  Technical  education 
Polytheism 

See  also  Religions 
Polyzoa 

See  also  Invertebrates 

Pomology  see  Fruit;  Fruit  culture 
Pond  life  see  Fresh-water  life 
Ponds 

See  also  Fresh-water  life;  Lakes 

Pontiac's  conspiracy,  1763-1765 

See  also  Indians  —  W'ars;  U.  S.  —  His- 
tory —  Colonial  period 

Poor 

See  also  Almshouses;  Asylums;  Begging; 
Charities;  Children  —  Charities,  protection, 
etc. ;  Cost  of  living ;  Farm  colonies ;  Friendly 
visiting;  Homes  for  the  aged;  Housing 
problem  ;  Labor  and  laboring  classes  ;  Old  age 
pensions;  Pensions;  Philanthropy;  Poor 
laws;  Slums;  Social  settlements;  Standard  of 
living;  Sweating  system;  Tenement  houses; 
Thrift;  Tramps;  Unemployed;  also  names 
of  cities,  subhead  Poor 

Poor  laws 

Poorhouses  see  Almshouses 
Popes 

See  also  Apostolic  succession  ;  Bulls,  Papal ; 
Catholic  church;  Vatican;  Vatican  council 


Authority  and  supremacy 

See  also  Catholic  church  —  Authority 


Refer  from  Gf^\"ernment ;  l-'olitical  parties 


-Biography 

See  also  Popes  —  History 

-Election 


Refer  from  Taxation 

Refer  from  Games;  Horsemanship 
Refer  from  Marriage;  Polygamy 
Refer  from  Marriage;  Polyandry 

Refer  from  Oceanic  languages 


Refer  from  God;  Religions 

Refer    from     Bryozoa     (s) ;      Invertebrates; 
Marine  zoology 


Refer  from  Lakes;  Physical  geography; 
Water 

Refer  from  French  and  Indian  war;  Indians 
—  Wars;  U.  S. — -  History —  Colonial  period 

Refer  from  Aged  poor  (s) ;  Almsgiving  (s) ; 
Almshouses;  Asylums;  Begging;  Benevo- 
lence (s) ;  Charities  ;  Dangerous  classes  (s) ; 
Dependent  classes  (s) ;  Economics;  Labor  and 
laboring  classes;  Pauperism  (s) ;  People; 
Poverty  (s) ;  Slums;  Social  problems;  Social 
settlements;  Sociology;  Tenement  houses; 
Unemployed;  V'agrancy  (s) 


Refer    from     Charities;     Law;     Poor;     Va- 
grancy (s) 


Refer  from  Apostolic  succession;  Bulls, 
Papal;  Catholic  church;  Catholic  church  — 
Popes  (s) ;  Church  polity;  Holy  See  (s) ;  Kings 
and  rulers;  Papacy  (s) ;  Rulers  (s) ;  Ultra- 
montanism;  Vatican 

Refer  from  Authority  (in  religion);  Catholic 
church  —  Authority  ;  Supremacy  of  the  pope  (s) 

Refer  from  Biography;  Christian  biography; 
Popes  —  History 


289 


Popes  — Continued 
History 

See    also     Catholic    church  —  History; 
Church       history;        Popes — Biography; 
Schism,  The  great  western,  1378-1417 
Infallibility 

See  also  \'atican  council 


-Temporal  power 

Sre  also  Church  histor)' 


Middle  ages 


Popish  plot,  1678 

See  also  England 


History  —  Stuarts 


Popular   election    of   senators    see    Senators  — 

U.  S.  —  Election 
Popular  errors  see  Errors,  Popular 
Popular  government  see  Democracy 
Popularity 
Population 

See  also  Birth  rate;  Census;  Malthusian- 
ism;  Statistics;  Vital  statistics;  also   names 
of    countries,     states     and     cities,     subhead 
Population 
Porcelain  see  Pottery 
Porifera  see  Sponges 
Porisms 

Portable  buildings 
Portages 

See  also  Indian  trails 
Portents  see  Omens 
Portland  cement  see  Cement 
Portrait  painters  see  Painters 
Portrait  painting 

See  also  Miniature  painting 
Portraits 

See   also    Cra}-on    drawing;    Photographs; 
Pictures 
Ports  see  Harbors 
Portuguese  language 

See  also  Romance  languages 
Portuguese  literature 

See  also  Romance  literature 
Positivism 

See  also  Philosoph)-,  French 


Posology  see  Prescriptions 
Possession  fin  law) 

See  also  Limitations  (law) 

Post-mortem  examinations  see  Autopsy 
Post-office  see  Postal  service 
Postage  stamps 

Postal  savings  banks 

Postal  service 

Sec  also  Franking  privilege;  Library  post; 
Parcels  post;  Postage  stamps;  Postal  sav- 
ings banks;  Postal  telegraph;  Railway  mail 
ser\'ice ;  Rural  free  delivery 

U.  S. 

See  also  Rural  free  delivery 


Refer  from  Catholic  church  —  History; 
Church  history;  Popes  —  Biography;  Schism, 
The  great  western,  1378-13  17 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  —  Infallibil- 
ity (s) ;  Infallibility;  Vatican  council 

Refer  frorn  Catholic  church  —  History; 
Church  and  state;  Church  history — Middle 
ages;  Temporal  power  of  the  pope  (s) 

Refer  from  Conspiracies;  England  —  His- 
tory —  Stuarts 


Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Ethics;  Success 

Refer     from      Economics;      Malthusianism ; 
Sociology;  Statistics;  Vital  statistics 


Refer  from  Geometry 

Refer  from    Architecture;    Buildings,    Port- 
able (s) 

Refer  from  Indian  trails;  Roads 


Refer  from  Painting 

Refer     from     Art;      Biography;      Iconogra- 
phy (s)  ;  Paintings;  Pictures 


Refer  from  Romance  languages 

Refer  from  Romance  literature 

Refer  from  Agnosticism  ;  Deism  ;  Naturalism  ; 
Philosophy;  Philosophy,  French;  Religion; 
Religion  of  humanity  (s) 


Refer  from    Adverse    possession    (s) ;    Law; 
Limitations  (law);  Property;  Real  estate 


Refer  from  Collectors  and  collecting;  Phi- 
lately (s) ;  Postal  service;  Stamps  (s) 

^f/^-r/rom  Banks  and  banking;  Government 
banking  (s) ;  Postal  service;  Savings  banks 

Refer  from  Carriers;  Communication; 
Mail  (s) ;  Post-ofRce  (s) ;  Railway  mail  service; 
Transportation 


Refer  from  Rural  free  delivery  ;  \J.  S. —  Postal 
service  (s) 


30O 


Postal  telegraph 

See  also  Government  ownership 

Posters 

See  also  Billposting 

Post-Xicene  fathers  see  Fathers  of  the  church 
Potatoes 

See  also  Vegetables 
Potential,  Theory  of 


Potomac,  Arm)'  of  the,  see  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac 

Pottery 

See  also  Annealing;  Arts  and  crafts; 
Bric-a-brac;  China  painting;  Clay  indus- 
tries; Concrete  pottery;  Glazing;  Indians  — 
Pottery ;  Majolica  ;  Terra  cotta  ;  Tiles ;  Urns  ; 
Vases 


Pouched  animals  see  Marsupialia 
Poultry 

See  also  Ducks;  Eggs;  Geese;  Incubators; 
Pigeons;  Poultry  houses;  Turkeys 


Poultry  houses 

See  also  Farm  buildings;  Poultry 

Pov'erty  see  Poor 
Powder  see  Gunpowder 
Power    . 

See  also  Compressed  air;   Dynamometer; 

Electric  power;  Engines;  Force  and  energy; 

Machinery;     Mechanics;     Motors;     Power 

plants;  Power  transmission;  Steam;  Water 

power 
Power  boats  see  Motor  boats 
Power  houses  see  Power  plants 
Power  of  attorney  see  Agency 
Power  plants 

See    also     Hydro-electric     plants;     Power 

transmission 

Electric 

See  also  Electric  power;  Electric  power 
transmission;  Hydro-electric  plants 


— — Steam 

See  also  Boilers;  Steam  engines 

Power  stations  see  Power  plants 

Power  transmission 

See  also  Belting;  Cables;  Compressed  air; 
Electric  power  transmission;  Gearing;  Ma- 
chinery; Mechanical  engineering;  Motors; 
Power  plants;  Pulleys;  Rope  driving;  Shaft- 
ing 

Powers  (law) 

See  also  Administrators  and  executors; 
Agency;  Trustees 


Refer   from   Government   ownership;    Postal 
service;  Telegraph;  Telegraph,  Postal  (s) 

Refer  from    Advertising;    Art;    Billposting; 
Drawing;  Picture  posters  (s) 


Refer  from  Vegetables 

Refer  from  Electric  potential  (s) ;  Electro- 
statics; Force  and  energy;  Gravitation; 
Theory  of  potential  (s) 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Arts  and  crafts; 
Bric-a-brac;  Ceramics  (s) ;  China  (porce- 
lain) (s) ;  China  painting;  Chinaware  (s) ; 
Clay  industries;  Crockery  (s) ;  Decoration  and 
ornament;  Earthenware  (s) ;  Faience  (s) ; 
Fayence  (s) ;  Industrial  arts;  Industries, 
Primitive;  Keramics  (s) ;  Majolica;  Manu- 
factures; Porcelain  (s) ;  Stoneware  (s) ;  Terra 
cotta  ;  Tiles  ;  Vases 


Refer  from  Birds;  Chickens  (s) ;  Domestic 
animals;  Ducks;  Eggs;  Food;  Fowl  (s) ; 
Fowls  (s) ;  Geese;  Hen  (s) ;  Hens  (s) ;  Incuba- 
tors; Live  stock;  Poultry  houses;  Turkeys 

Refer  from  Farm  buildings;  Hen  houses  (s) ; 
Poultry 


Refer  frovi  Mechanics 


Refer  from  Central  power  stations  (s) ; 
Mechanical  engineering;  Power;  Power  hous- 
es (s) ;  Power  stations  (s) ;  Power  transmission 

Refer  from  Electric  engineering;  Electric 
plants  (s) ;  Electric  power;  Electric  power 
plants  (s) ;  Electric  power  transmission;  Elec- 
tric stations  (s) ;  Electricity  —  Distribution 

Refer  from  Steam  engines;  Steam  plants  (s) ; 
Steam  power  plants  (s) 


Refer  from  Belting;  Electric  power  transmis- 
sion; Gearing;  Machinery;  ^iechanical  engi- 
neering; Mechanics,  Applied;  Power;  Power 
plants;  Pulleys;  Rope  driving;  Shafting; 
Transmission  of  power  (s) 

Refer  from  Agency;  Law 


291 


Practical  ethics  see  Conduct  of  life 

Practical     theology     see     Christian     life     and 

character 
Practice  (law)  see  Pleading  and  practice 
Pragmatism 

Prairies 

See  also  Western  states 

Prayer 

See    also    Devotional     exercises;     Family 
worship;    Lord's   prayer;    Piayer    meetings; 
Prayers;    Responsive    worship;    Ritualism; 
Worship 
Prayer  books 

See  also  Breviaries;  Liturgies;  Prayers 
Prayer  meetings 
Prayers 

See     also     Devotional     exercises;     Family 
worship;  Litanies;  Liturgies;  Lord's  prayer; 
Prayer  books;  Rosary 
Preachers 

See  also  Clergy;  Preaching 


Preaching 

See  also  Anecdotes,  Religious;  Elocution; 
Oratory;  Preachers;  Sermons 


Preaching  friars  see  Dominicans 
Preadamites  see  Man  —  Origin  and  antiquity 
Pre-Cambrian  period  see  Geology,  Stratigraph- 

ic  —  Archaean  ;    Paleontology  — Archaean 
Precedence 

See'also  Class  distinction 


Precession  of  the  equinoxes  see  Equinoxes 
Precieuses 

See  also  Salons 

Precious  metals 

See  also   Gold;  Money;  Platinum;   Radi- 
um ;  Silver 

Precious  minerals  see  Mineralogy;  Mines  and 
mineral  resources;  Rare  earths 

Precious  stones 

See  also   Birth  stones;   Diamonds;  Gems; 
Jewelry;  Pearls 

Precis  writing 

Precocity 

Predestination 

See   also   Arminianism;    Calvinism;    Free- 
dom of  the  will;  Salvation 


Predictions  see  Forecasts  ;  Prophecies 
Preexistence 

See  also  Soul;  Transmigration 

Prehistoric  archaeology  see  Archaeology 
Prehistoric  man  see  Alan  —  Origin  and  antiq- 
uity 


Refer  from  Empiricism;  Ethics;  Experience; 
Philosophy;  Philosophy,  Modern 

Refer  from  Phj'sical  geography;  Plains; 
Western  states 

Refer  from  Christian  life  and  character; 
Devotion  (s) ;  Family  worship;  Religion; 
Theology;  Worship 


Refer  from  Collects  (s) ;  Liturgies;  Prayers 
Refer  from  Church  services;  Prayer;  Revivals 

Refer  from  Collects  (s) ;  Devotional  exer- 
cises; Family  worship;  Liturgies;  Prayer; 
Prayer  books;  Rites  and  ceremonies;  Worship 

Refer  frotn  Christian  biography;  Clergy; 
Ministers  of  the  gospel  (s) ;  Pastors  (s) ;  Preach- 


Refer  from  Church  polity;  Clergy;  Elocu- 
tion; Homiletics  (s) ;  Oratory;  Pastoral  work; 
Preachers;  Pulpit  oratory  (s) ;  Rhetoric; 
Sermons;  Speaking  (s) 


Refer  from  Class  distinction;  Courts  and 
courtiers;  Diplomacy;  Etiquet ;  Genealogy; 
Heraldry 


Refer  from  French  language;  French  litera- 
ture; Salons;  Women  in  France 

Refer  from  Bimetallism;  Bullion  (s) ;  Eco- 
nomics; Gold;  Metals;  Mines  and  mineral 
resources ;  Silver 


Refer  from  Diamonds;  Gems;  Jewelry; 
Mineralogy;  Stone;  Stones  (s) 

Refer  from  Abstract  writing  (s) ;  Rhetoric 
Refer  from  Children;  Genius;  Psychology 

Refer  from  Baptism — Infants;  Calvinism; 
Election  (in  theology)  (s) ;  Fate  and  fatalism; 
Foreordination  (s) ;  Freedom  of  the  will;  In- 
fant salvation;  Necessity;  Salvation;  Sin; 
Theology 


Refer  from   Reincarnation   (s) ;  Soul;  Trans- 
migration 


292 


Premature  burial  iee  Burial.  Premature 

Premonitions  sec  Presentiments 

Prenatal  influences 
Hee  also  Eugenics 

Preparatory  schools  see  Academics    (schools) ; 
Education,  Secondary 

Prepared  cereals  see  Cereals,  Prepared 

Preraphaelitism 

Presages  see  Omens 

Presbyterian  church 

See  also  Church  of  Scotland  ;  Presbyterian- 
ism 

Presbyterianism 

See  also  Cah'inism;  Church  of  Scotland; 
Covenanters;  Presbyterian  church 


Prescriptions 

See  also  Pharmacy 
Presentiments 

Presents  see  Gifts 

Preservation  of  food   see   Cold   storage;   Food 

preservation  and  preservatives 
Preservation  of  landmarks,  scenery,  etc. 

See  also  Historic  houses;  Niagara  Falls  — 
Preservation;  Trees,  Historic 

Preservation    of   wood    see    W'ood  —  Preserva- 
tion 

Preservatives  (food)  see  Food  preservation  and 
preservatives 

Preserving  see  Canning  and  preserving 

Presidential  campaigns  see  Elections  —  U.  S. ; 
Presidents  • — ■  U.  S. —  Election 

Presidential   elections    see    Elections  —  U.    S. ; 
Presidents  —  U.  S.  —  Election 

Presidential  government  see  Democracy;   Re- 
publics 

Presidents 

See  also  Executive  power;  Veto 

U.  S. 

See  also  Inaugurations 

U.  S.  —  Election 

See  also  Elections  —  U.  S. 


Press   see   Journalism;    Liberty   of   the    press; 
Newspapers ;  Periodicals 

Press  clippings  see  Clippings 

Presses,  Printing,  see  Printing  presses 

Prestidigitation  see  Conjuring 

Presumptive  evidence  see  Evidence 

Prevarication  see  Equivocation 

Prevention  of  cruelty  to  animals  see  Animals  — 
Treatment 

Price  of  food  see  Cost  of  living 

Prices 

See  also  Book  prices;  Cost  of  living;  Eco- 
nomics; Food  supply;  Marketing  of  farm 
produce;  Panics;  Railroads — Rates;  Sala- 
ries ;  Standard  of  living;  Supply  and  demand  ; 
\''aluc  ;  Wages 

Pride  and  vanity 


Refer  from  Children  ;  Eugenics  ;  Heredity 


Refer  from  Art;  Painting;  Painting,  English 


Refer  from  Church  of  Scotland  ;  Presbyterian- 
ism 

Refer  from  Calvinism;  Church  of  Scotland; 
Church  polity;  Congregationalism;  Covenant- 
ers; Dissenters;  Presbyterian  church;  Puri- 
tans ;  Sects 

Refer  from  Pharmacy;  Posology  (s) 
Refer    from     Premonitions     (s) ;     Psychical 
research;  Psychology;  Thought  transference 


Refer  from  Historic  houses;  Landmarks, 
Preservation  of  (s) ;  Landscape;  Aluniclpal 
Improvement;  Patriotism;  Trees,  Historic 


Refer  from  Biography;  Executive  power; 
Kings  and  rulers ;  Rulers  (s) 

Refer  from  U.  S. —  Biography;  U.  S. —  Presi- 
dents (s) 

Refer  from  Campaigns,  Presidential  (s) ; 
Elections  —  U.  S. ;  Presidential  campaigns  (s) ; 
Presidential  elections  (s) 


Refer  from  Commerce;  Consumption  (eco- 
nomics); Cost;  Cost  of  living;  Economics;  Fi- 
nance; Manufactures;  Mone\' ;  Supply  and 
demand;  Value;  Wages 

Refer  from  Ethics;  \'anity  (s) 


293 


Priesthood  see  Priests 
Priests 

vS'(V  also  Catliolic  cluncli — Clergy;  Ceiib 
ac\- ;  Clergy;  Ordinatiun 


Priests'  holes  see  Secret  chambers 
Prima  donnas  see  Singers 
Primaries 

Hce  also  Caucus;  Elections;  Nominations 


Primary  batteries  see  Electric  batteries 

Primary  education  see  Education,  Elementary 

Primary  elections  see  Primaries 

Primary  schools  see  Education,  Elementary 

Primates 

St-e  also  Apes;  Gorillas;  Mammals;  Alan; 
Monkeys 

Prime  ministers 

Primers 

See  also  Hornbooks  ;  Readers 

Primitive  art  see  Art,  Primitive 

Primitive   Christianity  see   Church    history  — 
Early  church 

Primitive  culture  see  Civilization  —  History 

Primitive  Industries  see  Industries,  Primitive 

Primitive    man    see  Man  —  Origin  and   antiq- 
uity; Savages 

Primitive  society  see  Society,  Primitive 

Primogeniture 

See  also  Entail;  Inheritance 

Princes  and  princesses 

See  also  Courts  and  courtiers;  Monarchy 


Princesses  see  Princes  and  princesses 

Principal  and  agent  see  Agency 

Principals,  School,  see  School  superintendents 

and  principals 
Printers 

See  also  Typographical  societies 

Printers'  marks 

Printing 

^SV^  also  Block  books ;  Books ;  Calico  print- 
ing; Capitalization;  Colophons;  Color  print- 
ing ;  Electrotyping ;  Embossing ;  Incunabula  ; 
Ink;  Paper;  Photography;  Printers;  Print- 
ers' marks;  Printing  presses;  Proof  reading; 
Publishers  and  publishing;  Stereotyping; 
Title-pages  ;  Type ;  Typesetting ;  Typesetting 
machines;  Typographical  societies;  Zincog- 
raphy 
Printing  presses 

Prints  see  Engravings 

Prison  see  Prisons 

Prison  escapes  see  Escapes 

Prison  labor  see  Convict  labor 

Prisoners,  Discharged,  see  Discharged  prisoners 


Refer  from  Catholic  church — -Biography; 
Catholic  church  — ■  Clergy;  Church  of  England 
—  Clergy;  Church  polity;  Clergy;  Ministers 
of  the  gospel  (s) ;  Pastors  (s) ;  Priesthood  (s) ; 
Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S. — 
Clergy 


Refer  from  Caucus;  Direct  nominations  (s) ; 
Direct  primaries  (s) ;  Elections;  Elections  — 
U.  S. ;  Government ;  Nominations;  Politics; 
Primary  elections  (s) ;  U.  S. —  Politics 


Refer  from  Apes;  Mammals;  Monkeys 
Refer  from  Ministers  of  state;  Statesmen 
Refer  from  Readers;  Spellers;  Textbooks 


Refer  from  Descent  (s) ;  Entail;  Inheritance; 


La\ 


Refer  from  Biography;  Courts  and  courtiers; 
Kings  and  rulers;  Alonarchy;  Princesses  (s) ; 
Royalty  (s) 


Refer  from  Biography;  Printing 

Refer  from.  Incunabula;  Marks,  Printers'  (s) ; 
Printing;  Trade-marks 

Refer  from  Alphabet;  Block  books;  Books; 
Communication;  Industrial  arts;  Literature; 
Publishers  and  publishing;  Stereotyping;  Type; 
Typesetting;  Typography  (s) 


Refer  from  Machinery;  Presses,  Printing  (s) ; 
Printing 


204 


Prisoners  of  war 

See  also  Concentration    camps;    also  sub- 
head Prison  life  under  various  wars 
Prisons 

See  also  Con\'Ict  labor;  Crime  and  crimi- 
nals; Discharged  prisoners;  indeterminate 
sentence;  Parole;  Penal  colonies;  Police; 
Prisoners  of  war ;  Probation  s\stem  ;  Punish- 
ment;  Reformatories;  Workhouses;  also 
names  of  cities,  subhead  Prisons  and  re- 
formatories 


-u.  s. 

See  also  Crime  and  criminals 


u.  s. 


Private  judgment 

See  also  Liberty  of  conscience ;   Religious 
liberty 
Private  libraries  see  Libraries,  Private 
Private  schools 

See   also   Academies    (schools) ;   Taxation, 
Exemption  from 

Private  theatricals  see  Amateur  theatricals 
Privateering 

See  also  Alabama   claims;   Maritime  law; 
Prizes  (international  law)  ;  Search,  Right  of 


Privileged  classes 

See  also  Leisure  class ;  Monopolies 

Prize  fighting  see  Boxing 

Prizes  see  Prizes  (international  law) ;  Rewards 

(prizes,  etc.) 
Prizes  (international  law) 

See    also    Contraband    of    war;    Maritime 
law;  Neutrality;  Privateering;  Salvage 

Probabilities 

See  also  Annuities  ;  Chance  ;  Errors,  Theory 
of;  Insurance;  Least  squares;  Logic 


Probate  law  and  practice 

See    also    Administrators    and    executors; 
Guardians;  Inheritance;  Jurisdiction;  Trus- 
tees ;  Wills 
Probation    (theology)   see   Future   life;   Purga- 
tory 
Probation  system 

See  also  Juvenile  courts;  Parole 


Procedure   see   Actions    at   law;   Pleading   and 

practice 
Process  work  see  Photomechanical  processes 
Processions 

See  also  Pageants 

Procrastination 

Producer  gas  see  Gas;  Gas  producers 
Production  see  Economics;  Industry 
Products,   Agricultural,  see  Agricultural   prod- 
ucts 


Refer  from  Military  art  and  science;  Prisons; 
War 

Refer  from  Convict  labor;  Con\'icts  (s) ; 
Crime  and  criminals;  Criminal  law;  Dun- 
geons (s) ;  Gaols  (s) ;  Government;  Imprison- 
ment (s) ;  Indeterminate  sentence;  Jails  (s) ; 
Penal  institutions  (s) ;  Penitentiaries  (s) ; 
Police;  Prison  (s) ;  Public  institutions  (s) ;  Pun- 
ishment; Reform;  Reformatories;  Sociology; 
Workhouses 


Refer  from    Crime    and    criminals 
U.  S. —  Prisons  (s) 


U.    S.; 
Refer  from  Liberty  of  conscience;  Theology 


Refer  from  Academies  (schools)  ;  Boarding 
schools  (s)  ;  Education;  Education,  Element- 
ary; Education,  Secondary;  Schools 


Refer  from  International  law;  Letters  of 
marque  (s) ;  Maritime  law;  Naval  art  and 
science;  Naval  history;  Pirates;  Prizes  (inter- 
national law) 

Refer  from  Economics  ;  Government ;  Monop- 
olies 


Refer  from  International  law;  Maritime  law; 
Privateering;  Prizes  (s) ;  Rewards  (prizes, 
etc.) ;  War 

Refer  from  Algebra;  Betting;  Certainty; 
Chance;  Errors,  Theory  of;  Fortune  (s) ; 
Gambling;  Least  squares;  Logic;  Lotteries; 
Mathematics;  Statistics 

Refer  from  Administrators  and  executors; 
Courts;  Guardians;  Inheritance;  Law;  Surro- 
gate law  (s) ;  Trustees;  Wills 


Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Criminal 
law;  Indeterminate  sentence;  Juvenile  courts; 
Parole;  Prisons;  Punishment;  Reformatories; 
Suspended  sentence  (s) 


Refer  from  l'"esliv;.!.,  ,  Pa    :-ants 
Refer  from  Conduct  of  life 


295 


Products,    Commercial,  see  Commercial  prod- 
ucts 

Profanation  see  Sacrilege 

Profanity  see  Swearing 

Profession,  Choice  of 

Hce  also  Business;  Occupations;  Women 
—  Occupations 

Professional  education 

See  also  Law — Study  and  teaching; 
Library  schools  and  training;  Medicine — - 
Study  and  teaching;  Technical  education; 
Theology —  Study  and  teaching;  Vocational 
education 

Professional  ethics  see   Legal   ethics;    Medical 
ethics 

Professions 

See  also  Clergy;  Dentistry;  Journalism; 
Law;  Library  science;  Medicine;  Occupa- 
tions; Profession,  Choice  of;  Professional 
education ;  Teaching 

Profit 

See  also  Capital;  Economics;  Interest; 
Wages 

Profit  sharing 

See  also  Communism;  Cooperation;  In- 
dustrial betterment;  Labor  and  capital; 
Labor  and  laboring  classes 

Program  music 

Progress 

See  also  Civilization;  Economic  determin- 
ism; Nineteenth  century;  Reform;  Twenti- 
eth century 

Progressi\'e  taxation  see  Taxation,  Progressive 

Prohibited  books 

See  also  Liberty  of  the  press 


Prohibition 

See    also    Liquor    laws;    Liquor    problem: 
Local  option;  Temperance 
Projectiles 

See  also  Ammunition  ;  Ballistics  ;  Firearms  : 
Gunnery;  Ordnance 


Projection 

See  also  Geometrical  drawing;  Geometry, 
Descriptive;  Mechanical  drawing;  Perspec- 
tive 
Prologues 

See  also  Drama 
Promoting 

See  also  Corporations;  Securities 

Promotion  (in  schools)  see  School  grading  and 
promotions 

Pronunciation 

See  also  Phonetics;  Pronunciation,  Eng- 
lish ;  also  names  of  languages  other  than  I'.ng- 
lish,  e.g.  German  language  —  Pronunciation 

English 

Prony  brake  see  Dynamometer 
Proof  see  Evidence  ;  Logic 
Proof  reading 

Propagation  of  [slants  see  Plant  jircjpagation 


Refer  from  Business;  Choice  of  profes- 
sion (s) ;  Occupations;  Professions;  Success 

Refer  from  Education;  Education,  High- 
er (s) ;  Education,  Professional  (s) ;  Higher 
education  (s) ;  Professions;  Technical  educa- 
tion; Vocational  education 


Refer  from  Occupations;  Vocations  (s) 


Refer  from  Business;  Capital;  Economics 


Refer  from  Commerce;  Cooperation;  Eco- 
nomics; Industrial"  betterment;  Labor  and 
capital;  Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Wages 

Refer  fro7n  Instrumental  music;  Music 

Refer  from  Civilization;  Ethics;  History; 
Sociology 


Refer  from  Books;  Books  and  reading; 
Censorship  of  the  press  (s) ;  Condemned 
books  (s) ;  Liberty  of  the  press 

Refer  from  Liquor  laws;  Liquor  problem; 
Liquor  traffic;  Local  option;  Temperance 

Refer  from  Ammunition;  Artillery;  Ballis- 
tics; Bullets  (s) ;  Firearms;  Gunnery;  Mili- 
tary art  and  science;  Ordnance;  Shells  (ex- 
plosives) (s) 

Refer  from  Drawing;  Geometrical  drawing; 
Geometry,  Descriptive;  Mechanical  drawing; 
Orthographic  projection  (s) ;  Perspective 

Refer  from  D r a m a 

Refer  from  Advertising;  Business;  Capitali- 
zation (finance)  (s)  ;  Corporations 


Refer   from    Elocution ;     Language ;    Ortho- 
epy (s) ;  Phonetics;  Words 

Refer  from   English   language;    English   lan- 
g-uage  —  Pronunciation  (s) ;  Pronunciation 

Refer  from  Printing 


296 


Propellers 

See  also  Aerial  propellers ;  Steamboats 

Proper     names      see     Names,      Geographical; 
Names,  Personal 

Property 

See  also  Administrators  and  executors; 
Appraising;  Attachment;  Capital;  Church 
property;  Communism;  Confiscation;  Con- 
veyancing; Copyright;  Damages;  Eminent 
domain;  Entail;  Estates,  Unclaimed;  In- 
come; Inheritance;  Insurance;  Land;  Land 
titles;  Liens;  Alortgages;  Personal  property; 
Possession  (law);  Real  estate;  Rent;  Sale; 
Salic  law;  Socialism;  Taxation;  Trespass; 
Wealth ;  Wills 

Intellectual,    see    Copyright;    Inventions; 

Patents 

Prophecies 

See  also  Apocalyptic  literature;  Bible  — 
Prophecies;  Divination;  Forecasts;  For- 
tune telling ;  Jesus  Christ ;  Oracles ;  Prophets  ; 
Second  advent 

Prophets 

See  also  Bible  — •  Prophecies  ;  Prophecies 


Proportion  (art) 

See  also  Anatomy,  Artistic;  Composition 
(art);  Perspective;  Symmetry 


Proportional  representation 

See  also   Representative 
representation 


)vernment   and 


Proportional  taxation  j^^"  Taxation,  Progressive 

Proprietary  medicines  see  Medicines,   Proprie- 
tary 

Prose 

See  also  Literature;  Rlictoric;  and  the 
references  under  these  subjects 

Prosody 

See  also  Accent;  Meter;  Poetry;  Prosody, 
English;  Rhyme;  Rhythm;  Versification; 
also  names  of  languages  other  than  English, 
e.g.  German  language  —  Prosody 

English 


Prospecting 

See    also    Assaying;    Mines    and    mineral 
res(jurces 
Prosperity 

See  also  Business  depression;  Panics 

Prostitution 

See     also     Illegitimacy;     Sexual     ethics; 
Vice 


Protection  see  Tariff  question 
Protection  from  fire  see  Fire  protection 
Protection  from  frost  see  Frost  protection 
Protection  of  birds  see  Birds  —  Protection 


Refer  from   Marine  engineering;   Screw  pro- 
pellers (s) ;  Shipbuilding;  Ships;  Steamboats 


Refer  from  Chattels  (s) ;  Commercial  law; 
Economics;  Government;  Law;  Owner- 
ship (s) ;  Personal  property;  Real  estate;  So- 
ciology; Wealth 


Refer    from.     Divination;     Forecasts;     Fu- 
ture (s) ;  Predictions  (s) ;  Prophets;  Theology 


Refer  from  Bible;  Bible  —  Prophecies;  Bible 
—  Old  Testament — Biography;  Biography; 
Jews;  Prophecies 

Refer  from  Anatomy,  Artistic;  Architecture; 
Art;  Composition  (art);  Drawing;  Esthetics; 
Figure  drawing;  Painting;  Perspective;  Sculp- 
ture ;  Symmetry 

Refer  from  Constitutional  law;  Elections; 
Government;  Minority  representation  (s) ; 
Representation  (s) ;  Representative  govern- 
ment and  representation 


Refer  from  Literature;  Rhetoric 


Refer  from    Accent;    Grammar;    Language; 
Meter;  Poetry;  Rhyme;  Versification 


Refer  from  English  language;  English  lan- 
guage—  Prosody  (s) ;  English  poetry;  Pros- 
ody 

Refer  from  Gold  mines  and  mining;  Mines 
and  mineral  resources 

Refer  from  Business;  Commerce;  Economics; 
Wealth 

Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Law; 
Sexual  ethics;  Social  evil  (s) ;  Social  problems; 
Vice;  White  sla\e  trade  (s) ;  Women;  Women 
—  Crime 


297 


Protection  of  game  see  Game  protection 
Protective  mimicry  see  Mimicry  (biology) 
Proteids  see  Proteins 
Proteins 

See  also   Chemistry,  Organic;   Physiologi- 
cal chemistry 
Protestant  churches  see  Protestantism 
Protestant    Episcopal    church    in    the    U.    S. 
[subdivided  like  Church  of  England] 
See  also  Anglican  communion;  Apostolic 
succession;      Christian     year;      Church     of 
England;  Confirmation;  Episcopacy;  Fasts 
and  feasts;   Ritualism;   Sacraments;   Sister- 
hoods 

Conventions 

Protestant  reformation  see  Reformation 
Protestantism 

See    also    Catholic    church;    Reformation; 
Sects 

Protoplasm 

See  also  Biology;  Cells;  Embryology 

Protozoa 

See  also  Infusoria;  Invertebrates 

Provencal  language 

See  also  Romance  languages 

Provencal  literature 

See  also  French  literature;  Troubadours 
Proverbs 

See  also   Bible  —  Old  Testament  —  Prov- 
erbs ;    Epigrams;    Folklore;    Maxims;  Quo- 
tations ;  Weather  lore 
Providence 
Provident  loan   associations   see   Building   and 

loan  associations 
Prudence 

See  also  Thrift 
Pruning 

See  also  Fruit  culture 

Psalmody     see     Bible  —  Old     Testament  — 

Psalms;  Church  music;  Hymns 
Psalter  see  Bible  — -  Old  Testament  —  Psalms 
Pseudonyms 

See  also  Anonyms;  Nicknames 


Psychiatry  see  Mental  diseases 

Psychical  research 

See  also  Animal  magnetism;  Apparitions; 
Clairvoyance;  Ghosts;  Hypnotism;  Hyster- 
ia; Illusions  and  hallucinations;  Mind  read- 
ing; Occult  sciences;  Personality;  Presenti- 
ments; Psychometry  (character  reading, 
etc.);  Spiritualism;  Subconsciousness;  Sug- 
gestion; Thought  transference 

Psychology 

See  also  Ability;  Animal  intelligence; 
Apparitions;  Apperception;  Association  of 
ideas;  Attention;  Automatism;  Belief; 
Brain;  Character;  Child  study;  Color  sense; 
Common     sense;     Consciousness;     Crowds; 


Refer    from     Chemistry,     Organic;      Food; 
Ph\'siological  chemistry;  Proteids  (s) 


Refer  from  Anglican  communion;  Church  of 
England;  Episcopacy;  Episcopal  church  (s) ; 
Sects 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Christianity; 
Church  history;  Protestant  churches  (s) ; 
Reformation  ;  Theology 

Refer  from  Biology;  Bioplasm  (s) ;  Cells; 
Embryology;  Physiology 

Refer  from  Animalcules;  Cells;  Infusoria; 
Invertebrates;  Marine  zoology 

Refer  from  French  language  ;  Langue  d'oc  (s) ; 
Romance  languages 

Refer  from  French  literature;  Troubadours 

Refer  from  Adages  (s) ;  Aphorisms  (s) ; 
Apothegms  (s) ;  Epigrams;  Folklore;  Litera- 
ture; Maxims;  Quotations;  Sayings  (s) 

Refer  from  God;  Theology 


Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Thrift 

Refer    from     Forests     and     forestry;     Fruit 
culture;  Gardening;  Trees 


Refer  from  Anonyms ;  Authors  ;  Bibliography  ; 
Fictitious  names  (s) ;  Names,  Personal;  Nick- 
names; Noms  de  plume  (s) ;  Sobriquets  (s) ; 
Soubriquets  (s) 


Refer  from  Apparitions;  Clairvoyance; 
Ghosts;  Hypnotism;  Illusions  and  hallucina- 
tions ;  Mind  reading ;  Occult  sciences  ;  Personali- 
ty ;  Psychology  ;  Research  ;  Spiritualism  ;  Super- 
natural; Thought  transference 


Refer  from  Apperception;  Association  of 
ideas;  Attention;  Brain;  Consciousness; 
Dreams;  Education  ;  Emotions;  Habit ;  Human 
faculties  (s) ;  Imagination;  Intellect;  Intui- 
tion; Judgment;  Knowledge;  Man;  Memory; 


298 


Psychology — Continued 

Dreams;  Eccentricity;  Ecstasy;  Education; 
Emotions;  Esthetics;  Ethics;  Ethnopsy- 
chology;  Experience;  Freedom  of  the  will; 
Genius  ;  Graphology ;  Habit ;  Heredity  ;  Hyp- 
notism; Hysteria;  Illusions  and  hallucina- 
tions; Imagination;  Imitation;  Individ- 
uality; Insanity;  Instinct;  Intellect;  In- 
tuition; Judgment;  Knowledge;  Logic; 
Ivlelancholy ;  Memory;  Mental  diseases; 
Mental  healing;  Alental  hygiene;  Meta- 
physics; Mind  and  body;  Mind  reading; 
Muscular  sense;  New  thought;  Observa- 
tion; Perception;  Personality;  Philosophy; 
Phrenology;  Physiognomy;  Play;  Pleasure; 
Precocity;  Presentiments;  Psychical  re- 
search; Reaction  time;  Reason;  Senses  and 
sensation;  Sleep;  Social  psychology;  Som- 
nambulism; Soul;  Subconsciousness;  Sug- 
gestion; Temperament;  Thought  and  think- 
ing; Thought  transference;  Will;  Worry 

Biblical,  see  Bible  —  Psychology 

Comparative 

See  also  Animal  intelligence;  Color 
sense;  Ethnopsychology ;  Instinct;  Play; 
Social  psychology 

Educational 

See  also  Apperception;  Attention  ;  Child 
study;  Imagination;  Imitation;  Interest 
(psychology)  ;  Memory  ;  Mental  discipline  ; 
Observation;  Perception;  Thought  and 
thinking 

Ethnic,  see  Ethnopsychology 

Experimental,    see   Psychology,    Physiolo- 

gicaj 

Pathological,  see  Mental  diseases 

— — Physiological 

See  also  Brain;  Fatigue,  Mental; 
Inhibition;  Left-  and  right-handedness; 
Alental  diseases;  Mind  and  body;  Muscu- 
lar sense;  Nervous  system;  Pain;  Phre- 
nology; Psychometry;  Reaction  time; 
Senses  and  sensation  ;  Space  perception 

Racial,  see  Ethnopsychology 

Social,  see  Social  psychology 

Psychometry 

See  also  Reaction  time 

Psychometry  (character  reading,  etc.) 

Psychopathic  hospitals  see  Insane  hospitals 

Psychosis  see  Mental  diseases 

Psychotherapy  j^^  Mental  healing;  Suggestive 

therapeutics 
Psychrometer  see  Hygrometry 
Ptomaines 

See  also  Putrefaction;  Toxins 

Puberty 

See  also  Youth 
Public  baths  see  Baths,  Public 
Public  buildings 

Sre  also  Library  architecture;  Municipal 
centers;  I^ublic  works;  Schoolhouses ;  also 
names  of  countries  and  cities,  subhead  Public 
buildings 


Mental  philosophy  (s) ;  Mental  science  (s) ; 
Metaphysics;  Mind  (s) ;  Mind  and  body;  Per- 
ception; Personality;  Philosophy;  Reason; 
Science;  Senses  and  sensation;  Soul;  Thought 
and  thinking;  Understanding  (s) ;  W^il' 


Refer  from  Animal  intelligence;  Animal 
psychology  (s) ;  Comparative  psychology  (s) ; 
Instinct;  Intellect;  Intelligence  of  animals  (s) ; 
Zoology 

Refer  from  Apperception;  Attention;  Child 
study  ;  Education  ;  Educational  psychology  (s) ; 
Mental  discipline;  Teaching 


Refer  from  Experimental  psychology  (s) ; 
Mental  physiology  (s) ;  Mind  and  body ;  Muscu- 
lar sense;  Nervous  system;  Physiological  psy- 
chology (s) ;  Physiology;  Psychology,  Experi- 
mental (s) ;  Reaction  time;  Senses  and  sensa- 
tion 


Refer  from  Anthropometry;  Brain;  Psy- 
chology, Physiological;  Reaction  time 

Refer  from  Character  reading  (s) ;  Clair- 
voyance; Psychical  researcli 


Refer  from  Alkaloids;  Pathology;  Poison  (s) ; 
Poisons;  Putrefaction;  Toxins 

Refer  from  Physiology;  Sex;  Youth 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Buildings,  Pub- 
lic (s) ;  Government  buildings  (s) ;  Municipal 
art;  Municipal  buildings  (s) ;  Municipal  cen- 
ters ;  Public  works 


299 


Public  comfort  stations 

Public  debts  see  Debts,  Public 

Public    documents    see    Government    publica- 
tions 

Public  health  see  Hygiene,  Public 

Public  health  boards  see  Health  boards 

Public     institutions     see     Charities;     Prisons; 
Public  schools 

Public  lands 

See  also  National  parks  and  reserves; 
also  names  of  countries  and  cities,  subhead 
Public  lands 

Public  libraries  see  Libraries,  Public 

Public  meetings 

See  also  Assembly,  Right  of;  also  names  of 
countries  and  cities,  subhead  Conventions 
and  public  meetings 

Public  opinion 


Public  ownership  see  Government  ownership; 
Municipal  ownership 

Public  playgrounds  see  Playgrounds 

Public  records  see  Archives 

Public  schools 

See  also  Bible  in  the  schools;  Country 
schools;  Education;  Education  and  state; 
Evening  and  continuation  schools;  Grammar 
schools;  High  schools;  Libraries  and  schools; 
Open-air  schools;  Public  schools  and  reli- 
gion; School  children;  Schools;  Schools  — 
Centralization;  Teachers;  Teaching;  Tru- 
ancy; Truant  schools;  Vacation  schools; 
Vocational  education;  also  headings  begin- 
ning School 

U.  S. 

■S^^"  also  Education  —  U.  S. 

Public  schools  and  religion 

See  also  Bible  in  the  schools 


Public  service  commissions 

See  also  Government  regulation  of  in- 
dustry; Railroad  commissions 

Public  service  corporations 

See  also  Carriers;  Eminent  domain;  Ex- 
press companies;  Gas  companies;  Govern- 
ment ownership;  Government  regulation 
of  industry ;  Municipal  franchises  ;  Municipal 
ownership;  Public  service  commissions; 
Railroads;  Street  railroads;  Telegraph; 
Telephone 

Public  speaking  see  Oratory 

Public  spirit  see  Citizenship;  Patriotism 

Public  utilities  see  Public  service  corporations 

Public  works 

See  also  Municipal  engineering;  Public 
buildings;  also  names  of  countries  and 
cities,  subhead  Public  works 

Public  worship  see  Church  attendance;  Church 
services 

Publicity 

See  also  Advertising;  Campaign  funds 


Refer  from  Hygiene,  Public;  Municipal  im- 
provement; Sanitary  engineering 


Refer  from  Crown  lands  (s) ;  Land 


Refer  from  Assembly,  Right  of;  Meetings, 
Pubfic  (s) 

Refer  from  Liberty  of  conscience;  Liberty  of 
the  press;  Opinion  (s) ;  People;  Social  psy- 
chology 


Refer  from  Common  schools  (s) ;  Education; 
Education  and  state;  Free  schools  (s) ;  Public 
institutions  (s) ;  Schools 


Refer  from  Education  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S. — 
Public  schools  (s) ;  U.  S. —  Schools  (s) 

Refer  fro  ?n  Bible  in  the  schools;  Church  and 
education;  Education;  Public  schools;  Reli- 
gion in  the  public  schools  (s) ;  Religious  educa- 
tion 

Refer  from  Government  regulation  of  indus- 
try; Public  service  corporations 

Refer  from  Corporations;  Eminent  domain ; 
Government  ownership;  Government  regula- 
tion of  industry  ;  Municipal  franchises;  Munic- 
ipal ownership;  Public  utilities  (s) 


Refer    from     Civil     engineering; 
engineering;  Public  buildings 


Municipal 


Refer    from     Advertising;     Corporations; 
Journalism;  Newspapers 


300 


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ziioz'n^l 


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Dildol  , 


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Dildij4  ;  (a)  aloorf'j' 


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Ij.qijiiiui/'..    ;iinrj- 


ldu*l  ;§nii33nign3       bnB     eaiiJi 


co?^ 


Publishers  and  publishing 

Sf-t'  also  Book  reviews;  Books;  Booksellers 
and      bookselling;      Catalogs,      Publishers'; 
Copyright;  Printing 
Publishers'  catalogs  see  Catalogs,  Publishers' 
Publishing  see  Publishers  and  publishing 
Pueblo  Indians 

See  also  Pueblos 
Pueblos  [the  buildings  and  villages] 

See  also  Cliff  dwellers  and  cliff  dwellings  ; 
Pueblo  Indians 
Pugilism  see  Boxing 
Puileys 

See    also     Belting;     Power    transmission; 
Rope  driving;  Shafting 

Pulp  wood  sse  Wood  pulp 
Pulpit  oratory  see  Preaching 
Pulpits 

See  also  Church  furniture 
Pulpwood  see  Wood  pulp 
Pumping  stations 

See  also  Pumps;  Water  supply 
Pumps 

See  also  Air  pumps;  Pumping  stations 


Punch  and  Judy  see  Puppet  plays 
Punching  machinery 

See  also  Dies 

Punctuation 
Punic  wars 

See    also    Carthage;     Rome  —  History  — 
Republic 
Punishment 

See  also  Capital  punishment ;  Corporal 
punishment;  Crime  and  criminals;  Criminal 
law;  Crucifixion;  Exile;  Flogging;  Future 
punishment;  Galleys;  Indeterminate  sen- 
tence; Parole;  Penal  colonies;  Pillory;  Pris- 
ons; Probation  system;  Reformatories; 
Torture;  Workhouses 
Punning 

See  also  Humor 
Puppet  plays 

See  also  Shadow  pantomimes 


Pure  food  laws  see  Food  adulteration  and  in- 
spection; Food  laws 
Purgatives 
Purgatory 

See  also  Future  life;  Future  punishment; 
Indulgences 


Purification  of  water  see  Water —  Purification 

Puritanism  see  Puritans 

Puritans 

See  also  Blue  laws;  Church  of  England; 
Congregationalism;  Dissenters;  Friends,  So- 
ciety of;  Marprelatc  controversy ;  Massachu- 
setts—  History;  Nonjurors;  Pilgrim  fath- 
ers; Presbyterianism ;  Thanksgiving  day 


Refer  from  Book  trade  (s) ;  Books;  Book- 
sellers and  bookselling;  Copyright;  Literature; 
Printing;  Publishing  (s) 


Refer  from  Indians;  Pueblos 

Refer    from    Arizona;     Indians;     Indians — 
Antiquities;  New  Mexico;  Pueblo  Indians 


Refer  from  Belting;  Machinery;  Mechanical 
movements;  Mechanics;  Power  transmission; 
Rope  driving;  Shafting 


Refer  from    Church  furniture 


Refer  from  Hydraulic  engineering;  Pumps; 
Water  supply 

Refer  from  Engines;  Hydraulic  engineering; 
Hydraulic  machinery;  Machinery;  Pumping 
stations  ;  Steam  pumps  (s) ;  Water  supply 


Refer  from  Dies;  Machine  tools;  Metal  work; 
Sheet-metal  work 

Refer  from  Language;  Rhetoric;  Writing 

Refer  from  Carthage;  Rome — ^  History  — 
Republic 

Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Criminal 
law;  Government ;  Law;  Manners  and  customs  ; 
Penology  (s)  ;  Prisons;  Retribution  (s) ;  Soci- 
ology; Torture 


Refer  from  Humor 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Drama;  Mario- 
nettes (s) ;  Pantomime;  Punch  and  Judy  (s) ; 
Theater 


Refer  froyn  Therapeutics 

Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Church  disci- 
pline; Death;  Eschatology;  Future  life;  Future 
punishment;  Indulgences;  Intermediate 
state  (s) ;  Probation  (theology)  (s) ;  Retribu- 
tion (s) ;  Theology 


Refer  from  Calvinism;  Christian  biography; 
Church  of  England;  Congregationalism;  Dis- 
senters; Massachusetts  —  History;  Pilgrim 
fathers;  Puritanism  (s) 


301 


Purity  see  Chastity 

Pus  see  Suppuration 

Puseyism  see  Oxford  movement;  Pusey,  E.  B. 

Putrefaction 

See  also   Antiseptics;   Bacteriology;   Con- 
tagion and  contagious  diseases;  Disinfection 
and  disinfectants;  Fermentation;  Ptomaines 
Puzzles 

See  also  Acrostics;  Anagrams;  Charades; 
Riddles 
Pygmies  see  Dwarfs 
Pyramids 

See  also  Egypt  —  Antiquities 


Pyrography 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts 


Pyrometers  and  pyrometry 

Pyrotechnics  see  Fireworks 
Quacks  and  quackery 

See  also    Imposture;    Medicines,    Proprie- 
tary; Swindlers  and  swindling 

Quadrature  of  the  circle  see  Circle-squaring 
Quadrupeds 

See     also     Animals;     Domestic     animals; 
Mammals;  Zoology 
Quakers  see  Friends,  Society  of 
Qualitative  analysis  see  Chemistry — Analysis 
Quantitative  analysis  see  Chemistry  —  Analysis 
Quarantine 

See  also  Hygiene,  Public 


Quarries  and  quarrying 

See  also  Blasting;  Building  stones;  Mines 
and  mineral  resources;  Stone 

Quartets,  Vocal,  see  Choruses  and  part  songs 
Quaternary  period  see  Geology,   Stratigraphic 

—  Quaternary  ;  Paleontology  —  Quaternary 
Quaternions 

See  also  Algebra ;  Vector  analysis 

Queen  Anne's  war,  1702-1713 

See  also  Indians  — •  Wars;  U.   S. —  History 

—  Colonial  period 


Queens  and  empresses 

SV^  also  Courts  and  courtiers;  Monarchy 


Quicksilver  see  Mercury 
Quietism 

See  also  Mysticism 
Quincy  system 

See  also  Object  teaching 
Quotations 

See  also  Clippings;   Daily  readings;   Epi- 
grams; Maxims;  Mottoes;  Proverbs 


Refer  from  Antiseptics;  Bacteriology;  Con- 
tagion and  contagious  diseases;  Disinfection 
and  disinfectants;  Fermentation;  Ptomaines 

Refer  from  Acrostics;  Amusements;  Cha- 
rades ;  Riddles 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Architecture;  Archi- 
tecture, Ancient ;  Egypt  —  Antiquities  ;  Monu- 
ments 

Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts  ;  Burnt  leather  (s) ; 
Burnt  wood  work  (s) ;  Etching;  Fire  etching  (s) 
Poker  work  (s) ;  Wood  burning  (s) ;  Woodwork 

Refer  from  Heat;  Thermometer 


Refer  from  Charlatanry  (s) ;  Imposture; 
Medical  delusions;  Medicine;  Swindlers  and 
swindling 


Refer  from  Mammals;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Contagion  and  contagious  dis- 
eases; Epidemics;  Hygiene,  Public;  Naval 
hygiene 

Refer  from  Blasting;  Building  stones;  Ge- 
ology, Economic;  Mines  and  mineral  resources; 
Stone;  Stone  quarries  (s) 


Refer  from  Algebra;  Geometry;  Mathemat- 
ics ;  V'ector  analysis 

Refer  from  England  —  History — -Stuarts; 
French  in  America;  Indians  —  Wars;  New 
England  —  History  —  Colonial  period  ;  New 
York  (state)  —  History;  Spanish  succession, 
War  of;  U.  S. —  History  —  Colonial  period 

Refer  from  Biography;  Courts  and  courtiers; 
Empresses  (s) ;  Kings  and  rulers;  Monarchy; 
Rulers  (s) ;  Royalty  (s) ;  Sovereigns  (s) ; 
Women 


Refer  from  Mysticism;  Theology 

Refer  from  Object  teaching;  Teaching 

Refer  from  Aphorisms  (s) ;  Apothegms  (s) ; 
Epigrams;  Literature;  Maxims;  Mottoes; 
Poetry ;  Proverbs  ;  Reference  books  ;  Sayings  (s) 


302 


Quran  see  Koran 
Rabbits 

See  also  Belgian  hares;  Hares;  Rodents 

Rabies  see  Hydrophobia 

Race    characteristics   see   Anthropology;    Eth- 
nology; National  characteristics 
Race  horses  see  Horse;  Horse  racing 
Race  improvement  see  Eugenics 
Race  problems 

See  also  Immigration  and  emigration;  In- 
ternational relations  ;  Jews  ;  Negroes  ;  Yellow 
races 

U.  S. 

See  also   Chinese   in   the  U.    S. ;   Immi- 
gration and  emigration  —  U.  S. ;  Indians; 
Japanese  in  the  U.  S. ;  Negroes;  U.  S. — 
Foreign  population 
Race  psychology  see  Ethnopsychology 
Races  of  man  see  Ethnology 
Racing  see  Automobile  racing;  Horse  racing; 

Rowing;  Running;  Yachts  and  yachting 
Rackets  (game) 
Racquets  see  Rackets  (game) 
Radiation 

See   also   Cathode   rays;   Heat;    Light;  N 
rays  ;  Radioactivity ;  Sound  ;  Spectra  ;  X  rays 
Radioactive  substances  see  Radioactivity 
Radioactivity 

See  also  Cathode  rays ;  Electrons  ;  Helium  ; 
Ionization  of  gases;  Phosphorescence;  Ra- 
diography; Radiotherapy;  Radium;  X  rays 


Radiography 

See  also  X  rays 


Radiotelegraphy  see  Wireless  telegraphy 
Radiotherapy 

See  also  Radium;  X  rays 


Radium 

See  also  Radioactivity;  Radiotherapy 

Ragged  schools 

Railings 

See  also  Fences 


Railroad  accidents  see  Railroads  —  Accidents 
Railroad  bridges  see  Bridges 
Railroad  commissions 


Railroad    construction    see    Railroads  —  Con- 
struction 

Railroad  crossings  see  Railroads  —  Crossings 

Railroad  employees  see  Railroads  —  Employees 

Railroad  engineering 

See  also  Railroads  —  Construction;  Rail- 
roads—  Maintenance  and  repair;  Railroads 
—  Management;  Surveying 


Refer  from   Agricultural    pests;    Hares;    Ro- 
dents 


Refer  from  Ethnology ;  Government ;  History ; 
International  relations;  Man;  Native  races  (s) ; 
Social  problems;  Sociology;  Yellow  peril  (s) 

Refer  from  Ethnology  —  U.  S. ;  Immigra- 
tion and  emigration  —  U.  S. ;  Negroes  ;  U.  S. 
—  Foreign  population;  U.  S. —  Race  prob- 
lems (s) 


Refer  fro  ?n  Games;  Racquets  (s) ;  Tennis 
Refer  from  Heat;  Light;  Physics;  Sound 


Refer  from  Becquerel  rays  (s) ;  Chemistry; 
Chemistry,  Physical;  Electric  discharges 
through  gases;  Electricity;  Electrons;  Helium; 
Ionization  of  gases;  Light;  Matter;  Physics; 
Radiation;  Radioactive  substances  (s) ;  Ra- 
dium; Rare  earths;  Science;  Spectra 

Refer  from  Dislocations;  Fractures;  Photog- 
raphy; Radioactivity;  Sciagraphs  (s) ;  Skia- 
graphs (s) ;  X-ray  photography  (s) ;  X  rays 


Refer  from  Actinotherapy  (s) ;  Electrothera- 
peutics ;  Phototherapy;  Radioactivity;  Radi- 
um; Therapeutics;  X  rays 

Refer  from  Chemical  elements;  Precious 
metals;  Radioactivity;  Radiotherapy 

Refer  from  Charities  ;  Charity  schools  ;  Edu- 
cation ;  Schools 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Balustrades  (s)  ; 
Carpentry;  Fences;  Hand-railings  (s) ;  Hand- 
railings  (s) ;  Iron  work;  Stair  building 


Refer  from  Government  regulation  of  in- 
dustry; Public  service  commissions;  Rail- 
roads ;  Railroads  —  Law 


Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Engineering; 
Railroads;  Railroads  —  Construction;  Sur- 
veying 


i°i 


Railroad  labor  see  Railroads  —  Employees 
Railroad  law  see  Railroads  —  Law 
Railroad  passes  see  Passes  (free  transportation) 
Railroad  rates  see  Railroads  —  Rates 
Railroad  shops  see  Railroads  —  Shops 
Railroad  signals  see  Railroads  —  Signals 
Railroad  spikes  see  Nails  and  spikes 
Railroad  stations  see  Railroads  —  Stations 
Railroad  stories 

Railroad  switches  see  Railroads  —  Switches 
Railroad  terminals  see  Railroads  —  Stations 
Railroad  ties  see  Railroads  —  Ties 
Railroad  tracks  see  Railroads  —  Track 
Railroads 

See  also  Aerial  railroads;  Air  brakes; 
Brakes;  Bridges;  Cable  railroads;  Carriers; 
Cars;  Commerce;  Earthwork;  Electric  rail- 
roads; Elevated  railroads;  Eminent  domain; 
Express  companies;  Freight;  Locomotives; 
Mountain  railroads;  Passes  (free  transpor- 
tation); Railroad  commissions;  Railroad 
engineering;  Railroad  stories;  Railway  mail 
service;  Rapid  transit;  Safety  devices; 
Ship  railroads  ;  Speed  ;  Steam  engines  ;  Street 
railroads;  Subways;  Surveying;  Suspended 
railways;  Train  despatching;  Transporta- 
tion; Trestles;  Tunnels 

Accidents 

See  also  Railroads  —  Crossings  ;  Rail- 
roads—  Signals;  Safety  devices 

Aerial,  see  Aerial  railroads 

Baggage,  see  Baggage 

Buildings 

See  also  Railroads  —  Shops;  Railroads 
—  Stations 

Cable,  see  Cable  railroads 

Cars,  see  Cars;  Railroads  —  Rolling  stock 

Collisions,  see  Railroads  —  Accidents 

Construction 

See  also  Bridges;  Ci\il  engineering; 
Culverts;  Curves  in  engineering;  Earth- 
work; Railroad  engineering;  Railroads  — 
Buildings;  Railroads — Crossings;  Rail- 
roads—  Maintenance  and  repair;  Rail- 
roads—  Ties;  Railroads  —  Track;  Rails; 
Trestles ;  Tunnels 

Crossings 

See  also  Railroads  —  Track 


-Depots,  see  Railroads  —  Stations 
-Electric,  see  Electric  railroads 
-Electrification 

Sec  also   Electric   locomotives;    Electric 
railroads 


Refer  from  Fiction;  Railroads 


Refer  from  Carriers;  Commerce;  Communi- 
cation; Locomotives;  Public  service  corpora- 
tions; Railways  (s) ;  Rapid  transit;  Roads; 
Steam  engines;  Transportation 


Refer  from  Accidents  ;  Collisions  (railroad)  (s) ; 
Disasters;  Occupations,  Dangerous;  Railroad 
accidents  (s) ;  Railroads  —  Collisions  (s) 


Refer  from  Architecture;   Railroads  —  Con- 
struction; Railroads  —  Stations 


Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Engineering; 
Railroad  construction  (s) ;  Railroad  engineer- 
ing; Railroads — Maintenance  and  repair; 
Railroads  —  Ties  ;  Railroads  —  Track 


Refer  from  Crossings,  Railroad  (s) ;  Grade 
crossings  (s) ;  Municipal  improvement;  Rail- 
road crossings  (s) ;  Railroads  —  Accidents; 
Railroads  — Construction  ;  Railroads  —  Track  ; 
Roads 


Refer  from  Electric  locomotives;  Electric 
railroads;  Electrification  of  railroads  (s) ; 
Railroads  —  liquipment  and  supplies 


-Elevated,  see  Elevated  railroads 
-Employees 

See  also  Railroads  —  Pensions 


Refer  from  Labor  and  laboring  classes; 
Railroad  cmplayces  (s) ;  Railroad  labor  (s) ; 
Railroads  —  Labor  (s) ;  Railroads  —  Manage- 
ment 


304 


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Railroads  —  Continued 
Equipment  and  supplies 

See  also  Air  brakes;  Brakes;  Car  coup-  Refer    from     Railroads — -Maintenance    and 
lings;  Car  heating,   lighting  and   ventila-       repair;    Railroads  —  Management;    Railroads 
tion ;     Cars;     Locomotives;     Railroads —       — Rolling  stock 
Electrification  ;  Railroads  —  Maintenance 
and     repair;     Railroads  —  Management; 
Railroads — -Rolling    stock;    Railroads  — 
Shops;    Railroads- — Signals;    Safety    de- 
vices 
Finance 

See   also   Railroads  —  Rates;    Railroads  Refer    from     Capitalization     (finance)     (s) ; 

—  Taxation  Investments;  Railroads  —  Alanagement 
Freight,  see  Freight 

Government  ownership,   see   Government 

ownership;  Railroads  and  state 

History 

Labor,  see  Railroads  — -  Employees 

Law 

See  also  Interstate  commerce;  Railroad  Refer     from      Corporation      law;      Railroad 

commissions;     Railroads  —  Rates;     Rail-       law  (s) 
roads  and  state 

Maintenance  and  repair 

S^^  fl/j"o  Railroads  —  Construction;  Rail-  Refer  from  Railroad  engineering;   Railroads 

roads — Equipment    and    supplies;    Rail-       — Construction;  Railroads — -Equipment  and 
roads  —  Management ;   Railroads  — -  Roll-       supplies  ;  Railroads  —  Alanagement ;  Railroads 
ing  stock ;  Railroads  —  Ties  ;  Railroads  —       —  Rolling  stock ;  Railroads  —  Track 
Track ;  Rails 

Management 

See  also   Railroads — Employees;  Rail-  Refer  from   Railroad  engineering;   Railroads 

roads — -Equipment    and    supplies;    Rail-       — Equipment      and      supplies;      Railroads  — 
roads  —  Finance;        Railroads  —  Mainte-       Maintenance  and  repair;   Railroads  —  Opera- 
nance    and    repair;    Railroads  —  Signals;        tion  (s) ;  Scientific  management 
Scientific  management;  Train  despatching 

Military  Refer  from  Military  art  and  science;  Military 

engineering;  Military  railroads  (s) 
— — Monorail,  see  Railroads  —  Single  rail 

Operation,  see  Railroads  —  Management 

Passes,  see  Passes  (free  transportation) 

Pensions  Refer  from  Pensions;  Railroads  —  Employees 

Rails,  see  Rails 

Rates 

See    also    Interstate    commerce;    Passes  Refer  from  Freight;  Freight  rates  (s) ;  Gov- 

(free  transportation)  crnment    regulation    of    industry;    Interstate 

commerce;  Prices;  Railroad  rates  (s) ;  Rail- 
roads—  Finance;  Railroads — Law;  Rail- 
roads and  state;  Rates,  Railroad  (s) ;  Rebates 
(railroads)  (s) 

Repair  shops,  see  Railroads  —  Shops 

Rolling  stock 

See  also  Cars;  Locomotives;  Railroads  Refer    from     Cars;     Railroads  —  Cars     (s) ; 

—  Equipment  and  supplies;  Railroads —        Railroads  —  Equipment    and    supplies;    Rail- 
Maintenance  and  repair ;  Sleeping  cars  roads  —  Maintenance     and      repair;      Rolling 

Safety  devices,  see  Safety  devices  stock  (s) 

Shops  Refer  from  Car  shops  (s) ;  Railroad  shops  (s) ; 

Railroads  —  Buildings  ;  Railroads  —  Equip- 
ment and  supplies;  Railroads — Repair 
shops  (s) ;  Repair  shops.  Railroad  (s) ;  Shops  (s) 

Signals  Refer  from  Block  signal  system  (s) ;  Rail- 
road signals  (s) ;  Railroads  —  Accidents;  Rail- 
roads—  Equipment  and  supplies;  Railroads 
—  Management;  Safety  devices;  Signals 

Single  rail 

SV^"  a/jo  Gyroscope  ;  Suspended  railways  Refer  from    Electric    railroads;    Gyroscope; 

Monoraihvays  (s) ;  Railroads,  Monorail  (s) ; 
Single  rail  (s) 

30s 


Railroads  —  Continued 
Stations 

See  also  Railroads  —  Buildings 


Suspended,  see  Suspended  railways 

Switches 

See  also  Railroads  —  Track 

Taxation 

Terminals,  see  Railroads  —  Stations 

Ties 

See  also  Railroads  —  Construction  ;  Rail- 
roads —  Track;  Wood  —  Preservation 

Track 

See  also  Railroads  —  Construction; 
Railroads  —  Crossings  ;  Railroads  —  Main- 
tenance and  repair ;  Railroads  —  Switches  ; 
Railroads  —  Ties  ;  Rails 

Underground,  see  Subways 

U.  S. 

Railroads  and  state 

See  also  Go\'ernment  ownership;  Govern- 
ment regulation  of  industry;  Interstate 
commerce;  Railroads —  Rates 


Rails 


See  also  Railroads  —  Track 


Railway  mail  service 

See  also  Postal  service 
Railways  see  Railroads 
Rain 

See  also  Droughts;  Meteorology 

Rainbow 
Ramie 

See  also  Fibers 
Rams,  Hydraulic,  see  Hydraulic  rams 
Ranch  life 

See  also  Cowboys;  Western  states 

Range  management  see  Farm  management 
Rapid  transit 

See  also  Electric  railroads ;  Elevated  rail- 
roads; Railroads;  Street  railroads;  Subways 

Rappists  see  Harmonists 
Rare  books  see  Book  rarities 
Rare  earths 

S^t'rt/jo  Chemistry,  Inorganic  ;  Mineralogy; 

Radioactivity 
Rasps  see  Files  and  rasps 
Rat  see  Rats 

Rates,  Railroad,  see  Railroads  —  Rates 
Rationalism 

See    also    Deism;     Enlightenment;     Free 

thought;  Reason;  Transcendentalism 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Depots  (s) ;  Rail- 
road stations  (s) ;  Railroad  terminals  (s) ; 
Railroads  —  Buildings  ;  Railroads  —  De- 

pots (s) ;  Railroads  —  Terminals  (s) ;  Stations, 
Railroad  (s) 


Refer    from     Railroad     switches     (s) ;     Rail- 
roads—  Track;  Switches,  Railroad  (s) 

Refer  from  Railroads  —  Finance;  Taxation 


Refer  from  Cross-ties  (s) ;  Railroad  ties  (s) ; 
Railroads  —  Construction  ;  Railroads  —  Main- 
tenance and  repair;  Railroads  —  Track;  Steel 
ties  (s) ;  Ties,  Railroad  (s) 

Refer  from  Railroad  tracks  (s)  ;  Railroads  — 
Construction;  Railroads  —  Crossings;  Rail- 
roads —  Maintenance  and  repair;  Railroads  — 
Switches;  Railroads  —  Ties;  Rails;  Track, 
Railroad  (s) 

Refer  from  Interstate  commerce;  U.  S. — 
Commerce;  U.  S. —  Railroads  (s) 

Refer  from  Government ;  Government  owner- 
ship ;  Government  regulation  of  industry; 
Interstate  commerce;  Railroads  —  Govern- 
ment ownership  (s) ;  Railroads  —  Law 

Refer  from  Railroads  —  Construction;  Rail- 
roads—  Maintenance  and  repair;  Railroads 
—  Rails  (s) ;  Railroads  —  Track;  Steel;  Steel 
rails  (s) 

Refer  from  Postal  service;  Railroads 


Refer    from    Climate;     Droughts;     Meteor- 
ology; Storms;  Water 

Refer  from  Light;  Meteorology 


Refer  from  Fibers;  Hemp 


Refer  from  Cowboys  ;  Farm  life  ;  Frontier  and 
pioneer  life;  Western  states 


Refer  from  Electric  railroads;  Elevated  rail- 
roads; Railroads;  Street  railroads;  Subways; 
Transit  (s) ;  Transportation 


Refer  from    Chemistry,    Inorganic;    Earths, 
Rare  (s) ;  Mineralogy;  Precious  minerals  (s) 


Refer  from  Agnosticism;  Belief;  Deism; 
Free  thought ;  Materialism  ;  Philosophy;  Phi- 
losophy, IVlodcrn ;  Reason  (in  religion)  (s) ; 
Religion;  Skepticism;  Theology 


306 


Rats 

See   also    Rats    as    carriers    of    contagion; 
Rodents 
Rats  as  carriers  of  contagion 

Raw  materials  see  Commercial  products 
Reaction,  Chemical,  see  Chemical  reaction 
Reaction  time 

See  also   Psychology,   Physiological ;   Psy- 
chometry 

Readers  [for  English  school  readers] 

See  also   Primers;    Recitations   and   read- 
ings; also  names  of  languages,   e.g.   German 
language  —  Readers 
Reading 

See   also    Books    and    reading;    Elocution; 
Readers 
Readings  see  Recitations  and  readings 
Ready-reckoners 

See  also  Mathematics  —  Tables,  etc. 


Reagents 

See  also  Chemical  reaction 

Real  estate 

See  also  Church  property;  Conveyancing; 
Deeds;  Easements;  Eminent  domain;  En- 
tail; Estates,  Unclaimed;  Farm  values; 
Farms;  Land;  Land  tenure;  Land  titles; 
Landlord  and  tenant;  Liens;  Mortgages; 
Possession  (in  law);  Property;  Real  estate 
business;  Rent;  Riparian  rights;  Sale; 
Single  tax;  Taxation;  Torrens  system;  Un- 
earned increment 
Real  estate  business 

Real  presence  see  Lord's  supper;  Transubstan- 

tiation 
Real  property  see  Real  estate 
Realism 

See  also  Idealism;  Naturalism;  Realism  in 

art;  Realism  in  literature;  Scholasticism 

Realism  in  art 

See  also  Idealism  in  art;  Naturalism  in  art 

Realism  in  literature 

See  also  Idealism  in  literature;  Naturalism 
in  literature 

Realism  in  philosophy  see  Realism 
Reality 

See  also  Being;  Metaphysics 

Realty  see  Real  estate 

Reapers  see  Harvesting  machinery 

Reaping  machines  see  Harvesting  machinery 

Reason 

See    also    Animal    intelligence;    Instinct; 

Judgment;  Logic;  Philosophy;  Psychology; 

Thought  and  thinking 
Reason  (in  religion)  see  Rationalism 
Reasoning  see  Logic 
Rebates  (railroads)  see  Railroads  —  Rates 


Refer  from  Household  pests  ;  Rat  (s) ;  Rodents 

Refer  frotn    Contagion    and    contagious    dis- 
eases ;  Rats 


Refer  from  Consciousness;  Psychology; 
Psychology,  Physiological;  Psychometry; 
Senses  and  sensation;  Time,  Reaction  (s) 

Refer  from  English  language  —  Readers  (s) ; 
Literature  ;  Primers  ;  Reading ;  Recitations  and 
readings;  Textbooks 

Refer  from  Elocution 


Refer  from  Arithmetic;  Arithmetic,  Com- 
mercial; Calculation  —  Aids  (s)  ;  Calcula- 
tors (s) ;  Mathematics 

Refer  from  Chemical  reaction;  Chemical 
reagents  (s) ;  Chemistry 

Refer  from  Betterments  (s) ;  Commercial 
law;  Conveyancing;  Deeds;  Easements;  In- 
vestments; Land;  Land  tenure;  Land  titles; 
Law;  Mortgages;  Property;  Real  property  (s) ; 
Realty  (s) 


Refer    from     Business;     Investments;     Real 
estate 


Refer  from  Idealism;  Naturalism;  Phi- 
losophy; Realism  in  philosophy  (s) ;  Scholasti- 
cism 

Refer  from  Art;  Esthetics;  Idea'ism  in  art; 
Naturalism  in  art;  Painting;  Realism 

Refer  from  Esthetics;  Fiction;  Idealism  in 
literature  ;  Literature  ;  Naturalism  in  literature; 
Realism 


Refer  from  Being;  Knowledge;  Metaphysics; 
Philosophy 


Refer  from  Intellect;  Judgment;  Logic;  Phi- 
losophy;   Psychology;    Rationalism;   Thought 

and  thinking 


307 


Rebates  of  duties  see  Drawbacks 
Rebellion 

^ee     also     Revolutions;     also     names     of 
countries    in    which    rebellions    have    taken 
place,  e.g.  U.  S. —  History —  Civil  war 
Recall 

See  also  Referendum 

Receipts 

See  also  Cookery 


Receivers 

See  also  Bankruptcy 

Recipes  see  Cooker}';  Receipts 
Reciprocity 

See  also  Commercial  treaties;  Tariff 
question 

Recitations  and  readings 

See  also  Christmas  poetry;  Dialogues; 
English  literature  —  Collections;  English 
poetry  —  Collections  ;  Literature  —  Collec- 
tions ;  Aionologues  ;  Orations;  Poetry — Col- 
lections;  Readers 

Dialect 

Humorous 

Reclamation  of  land 

See  also  Alkali  lands;  Drainage;  Irriga- 
tion; Jetties;  Marshes 


Recognition  (international  law) 
Reconstruction 

See  also  Fr^edmen;  Ku-Klux  Klan 
Southern  states;  U.  S. —  History — 1865- 
i8q8 


Records,  Public,  see  Archives 

Records   of   births,    marriages   and    deaths   see 

Vital  records 
Recreation    see    Amusements;    Games;    Play; 

Sports 
Recreation  centers  see  Social  centers 
Recruiting  and  enlistment 

See  also  Bounties,  Military;  Conscription; 

Military  service 
Rectors  see  Clergy 
Red  cross 

See  also  Battlefield  relief 


Redemption  see  Salvation 
Redemptioners 

See  also  Indentured  servants 


Reed  organ 


Refer  from  Government;  Revolutions 


Refer  from  Elections ;  Government ;  Impeach- 
ment; Municipal  government;  Referendum 

Refer  from  Chemistry  ;  Chemistry,  Technical ; 
Home  economics;  Industrial  arts;  Manufac- 
tures ;  Recipes  (s) ;  Workshop  receipts  (s) 

Refer  from  Agency;  Bankruptcy;  Corpora- 
tions ;  Law 


Refer  from  Commerce;  Commercial  treaties; 
Fair  trade  (s) ;  Government;  Tariff;  Tariff^ 
question 

Refer  from  Declamation  (s) ;  Dialogues; 
Elocution;  English  literature — Collections; 
Entertainments;  Literature;  Literature — Col- 
lections; Alonologues ;  Pieces  to  speak  (s) ; 
Poetry — Collections;  Readers;  Readings  (s) ; 
Speakers  (s) 

Refer  from  Dialect  recitations  (s) ;  Negro 
dialect 

Refer  from  Humor;  Humorous  recita- 
tions (s) 

Refer  from  Agriculture;  Civil  engineering; 
Conservation  of  resources;  Deserts;  Drainage; 
Engineering;  Hydraulic  engineering;  Irriga- 
tion ;  Land ;  Marshes 

Refer  from  International  law;  War 

Refer  from  Carpetbag  rule  (s) ;  Freedmen; 
Ku-Klux  Klan;  Southern  states;  U.  S. — -His- 
tory—  Civil  war;  U.  S. —  History  —  1865- 
1898;  U.  S. —  History — Reconstruction  (s) , 
U.  S.  —  Reconstruction  (s) 


Refer    from     Armies;     Bounties,     Military; 
Conscription;  Enlistment  (s) ;  Military  service 


Refer  from  Battlefield  relief;  Disasters; 
Hospitals,  Military;  International  law;  Nurses 
and  nursing;  Relief  work  (s) ;  War 


Refer  from  Germans  in  Pennsylvania;  Im- 
migration and  emigration  —  U.  S. ;  Inden- 
tured servants;  Slaver\-;  U.  S. —  History  — 
Colonial  period 


Refer   frotn    Cabinet    organ     (s) ;  Harmoni- 
um (s) ;  Musical  instruments;  Organ 


308 


Reference  books 

See  also  Allusions;  Classical  dictionaries; 
Dictionaries;     Encyclopedias;     Quotations; 
also     subhead     Dictionaries     under     various 
subjects 
Referendum 

See  also  Recall 


Reflecting  telescope  see  Telescope 

Reflection  (light) 

See  also  Light;  Optical  Instruments 

Reflections  see  Meditations 

Reforestation  see  Forest  planting 

Reform 

See  also  Charities;  Reformers;  Social 
problems;  also  Civil  service  reform,  Prisons, 
and  other  subjects  of  reform 

Reform  schools  see  Reformatories 

Reformation 

See  also  Catholic  church  —  History; 
Church  history;  Counter-reformation;  Hus- 
sites; Protestantism;  Reformers;  Thirty 
years'  war;  also  names  of  countries  and 
churches 

France 

See  also  France  —  History  —  House  of 
Valois ;  France —  Religious  history; 
Huguenots ;  Waldenses 

Germany 

See  also  Anabaptists;  Germany — His- 
tory —  1517-1740;  Germany  —  Religious 
history;   Lutheran  church;   Peasants'  war 

Scotland 

See  also  Church  of  Scotland;  Covenant- 
ers; Scotland  —  Religious  history 

Spain 

See    also    Inquisition;    Spain  —  History 
—  1479-1700;  Spain  —  Religious  history 
Reformatories 

See  also  Juvenile  courts;  Prisons;  Pro- 
bation system 


Reformed  church  in  America  [Dutch] 


Reformed    Dutch   church    in   America   see   Re- 
formed church  in  America 
Reform  tars 

See  also  Reformation 

Refraction 

See  also  Astronomy,  Spherical  and  practi- 
cal ;  Light 
Refrigeration  and  refrigerating  machinery 

.S'(7'  also  Cold  storage;  Ice;  ice —  Manu-. 
facturc  ;  Liquid  air 


Refer  from  Bibliography;  Books;  Books  and 
reading;  Libraries 


Refer  from  Constitutional  law;  Democracy; 
Direct  legislation  (s) ;  Government;  Initia- 
tive (s) ;  Legislation  ;  Legislation,  Direct  (s) ; 
Municipal  government;  Recall;  Representa- 
tive go\ernment  and  representation 


Refer  from  Light;  Optical  instruments 


Refer  from  Progress;  Social  problems;  Social 
reform  (s) 


Refer  frorji  Catholic  church  —  History; 
Christianity;  Church  history;  Church  history 
—  Reformation  (s) ;  Church  history  —  Mod- 
ern ;  Counter-reformation;  History,  Modern; 
Protestant  reformation  (s) ;  Protestantism  ;  Re- 
formers 

Refer  from  France — History — House  of 
Valois;  France — Religious  history;  Hugue- 
nots ;  Waldenses 

Refer  from  Germany — History —  1517- 
1740;  Germany — ■  Religious  history;  Lutheran 
church;  Peasants'  war 

Refer  from  Church  of  Scotland  ;  Covenanters  ; 
Scotland  —  Religious  history 

Refer  from  Inquisition  ;  Spain  —  History  — 
1479-1700;  Spain —  Religious  history 

Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Education; 
Industrial  schools  (s) ;  Juvenile  delinquency; 
Juvenile  reformatories  (s) ;  Penal  institu- 
tions (s) ;  Prisons;  Punishment;  Reform 
schools  (s) 

Refer  from  Dutch  reformed  church  (s) ; 
Reformed  Dutch  church  in  America  (s) ; 
Sects 


Refer  from  Biography;  Christian  biography; 
Reform;  Reformation 

Refer  from  Astronomy,  Spherical  and  practi- 
cal; Dioptrics  (s) ;  Light 

Refer  from  Cold  storage;  Cooling  applian- 
ces (s) ;  Food  preservation  and  preservatives; 
Freezing  (s) ;  Frost;  Ice;  Ice  —  Manufac- 
ture; Ice  machinery  (s) ;  Machinery;  Re- 
frigerators (s) 


309 


Refrigerators  see   Cold   storage;    Refrigeration 

and  refrigerating  machinery 
Refuse  and  refuse  disposal 

See  also   Sewage;   Street  cleaning;   Waste 

products;  Water  pollution 


Regalia 

See    also    Church    vestments;    Costume; 
Crowns ;  Insignia 
Regattas    see    Rowing;    Sailing;    Yachts    and 

yachting 
Regency 
Regeneration  (biology) 

See  also  Biolog)';  Cells 

Regeneration  (theology) 

See  also  Baptism;  Conversion;  Salvation 

Regicides 

See  also  Charles  I,  king  of  Eng.'and; 
England  —  History  —  Stuarts  ;  England  — 
History —  Civil  war  and  commonwealth 

Regimental  histories.  For  regiments  of  regular 
armies  see  under  various  countries,  e.g.  U.S. 
—  Army  —  25th  infantry ;  for  state  volunteer 
regiments  and  militia  see  under  states,  e.g. 
New  York  artillery  —  9th  regiment;  for 
volunteer  regiments  recruited  at  large  see 
under  country,  e.g.  United  States  volunteer 
infantry — 2d  regiment;  also  names  by 
which  regiments  are  known,  e.g.  Rough 
Rider* 

Registers 

See  also  Almanacs;  Yearbooks  [for  annual 
registers] ;  also  names  of  places,  religious 
denominations,  etc. 

Registers  of  births,  marriages  and  deaths  see 
Vital  records 

Registration  laws  see  Election  laws 

Reign  of  terror  see  French  revolution 

Reincarnation  see  Preexistence  ;  Transmigration 

Reindeer 

See  also  Ungulata 

Reinforced  concrete  see  Concrete,  Reinforced 

Relationship  see  Consanguinity 

Relaxation  see  Amusements;  Rest 

Relics 

See  also  Miracles;  Saints;  Shrines 

Relief  work  see  Battlefield  relief;  Charities; 
Disasters;  Famines;  First  aid  in  illness  and 
injury;  Outdoor  relief;  Red  cross 

Religion 

For  the  Christian  doctrines  see  Theology; 
for  evidences  see  Christianity — -Evidences; 
See  also  Allegories;  Atheism;  Authority  (in 
religion);  Belief;  Bible;  Christianity;  Con- 
science; Consolation;  Deism;  Devotional 
exercises;  Ecstasy;  Ethics;  Evil;  Faith; 
Fanaticism;  Fasts  and  feasts;  Free  religion; 
Future  life;  God;  Hymns;  Idolatry;  Jesus 
Christ;    Miracles;    Missions;    Monasticism; 


Refer  from  Disposal  of  refuse  (s) ;  Factory 
waste  _(s);  Garbage  (s)  ;  Hygiene,  Public; 
Municipal  engineering;  Municipal  improve- 
ment; Sanitary  chemistry;  Sanitary  engineer- 
ing; Sanitation;  Street  cleaning;  Trades 
waste  (s) ;  Waste,  Disposal  of  (s) ;  Waste 
products 

Refer  from  Costume;  Insignia 


Refer  from  Government;  Monarchy 

Refer  from  Biology;  Cells;  Growth;  Repro- 
duction 

Refer  from  Baptism;  Conversion;  Salvation; 
Theology 

Refer  from  Biography;  Crime  and  criminals; 
England  —  History  —  Stuarts  ;  England  — 
History  —  Civil  war  and  commonwealth 


Refer  from  Deer;  Ungulata 


Refer  from   Christian   antiquities;   Miracles; 
Shrines;  Superstition 


Refer  from  Christianity;  Ethics;  Faith; 
God;  Man;  Natural  religion;  Philosophy; 
Revelation  ;  Sociology  ;  Supernatural ;  Theology 


310 


Religion —  Continued 

Mysteries  (religious);  Mysticism;  Myth- 
ology; Natural  religion;  Oracles;  Paganism; 
Pantheism;  Philosophy;  Positivism;  Prayer; 
Rationalism;  Religion  and  ethics;  Religion 
and  science ;  Religion  of  the  future ;  Religions ; 
Religious  education;  Religious  liberty;  Re- 
ligious literature;  Religious  orders;  Religious 
poetry;  Repentance;  Revelation;  Revivals; 
Ritualism;  Sacraments;  Sacrilege;  Sacri- 
fice; Saints;  Sects;  Secularism;  Sermons; 
Sin;  Skepticism;  Spiritual  life;  Sunday; 
Supernatural;  Superstition;  Symbolism; 
Theism;  Theosophy;  Totems  and  totemism; 
Worship;  also  headings  beginning  Christian 
and  Church,  and  names  of  countries,  subhead 
Religion  or  Religious  history 

Personal,  see  Christian  life  and  character; 

Spiritual  life 

Philosophy 

Religion  and  education  see  Church  and  educa- 
tion 

Religion  and  ethics 

Religion  and  evolution  see  Religion  and  science 
Religion    and    medicine   see   Medicine   and    re- 
ligion 
Religion  and  science 

See  also  Bible  and  science;  Creation;  Evo- 
lution; Modernism;  Natural  religion 


Religion  and  sociology  see  Christian  sociology; 

Social  ethics 
Religion    and    the    public    schools    see    Public 

schools  and  religion 
Religion  of  humanity  see  Positivism 
Religion  of  the  future 


Refer  from  Philosophy  of  religion  (s) 


Refer  from   Ethics;  Ethics  and  religion   (s) ; 
Religion 


Refer  from  Bible;  Bible  and  science;  Chris- 
tianity—  Evidences;  Christianity  and 
science  (s) ;  Creation;  Evolution;  Natural 
religion;  Philosophy;  Religion;  Religion  and 
evolution  (s) ;  Science;  Science  and  religion  (s) ; 
Theology 


Refer  from  Future  religion  (s) ;  Religion 


Religions 

See  also  Babism  ;  Brahmanism  ;  Buddhism  ; 
Christianity;  Christianity  and  other  reli- 
gions; Confucianism;  Dervishes;  Druids; 
Druses;  Hinduism;  Idolatry;  Indians  — 
Religion;  Jews — Religion;  Lamaism;  Mo- 
hammedanism; Mormons  and  Mormonism; 
Mythology;  Nagualism;  Parsees;  Poly- 
theism; Rosicrucians ;  Sacred  books;  Sects; 
Shinto;  Sikhs;  Spiritualism;  Taoism;  The- 
osophy; Worship;  Zoroastrianism ;  also 
names  of  non-Christian  countries,  subhead 
Religion 

Religious  anecdotes  see  Anecdotes,  Religious 

Religious  art  see  Christian  art  and  symbolism; 
Church  architecture;  Temples 

Religious  authority  see  Authority  (in  religion) 

Religious  belief  see  Belief;  Faith 

Religious  biography  see  Christian  biography 

Religious  ceremonies  see  Rites  and  ceremonies 

Religious  denominations  see  Sects 

Religious  education 

See  also  Bible — Study  and  teaching; 
Bible  in  the  schools;  Church  and  education; 
Church    schools;    Moral    education;    Public 


Refer  from  Belief;  Civilization;  Comparative 
religion  (s) ;  Mythology;  Polytheism;  Religion; 
Religious  history  (s) ;  Superstition 


Refer  from  Christian  education  (s) ;  Christian 
life  and  ■  character ;  Church  and  education; 
Education;    Education,    Religious    (s) ;    Moral 


3" 


schools  and  religion;  Sunday  schools;  The- 
ology —  Study  and  teaching 

Religious  experience  see  Christian  life  and 
character;  Conversion;  Spiritual  life 

Religious  festivals  see  Fasts  and  feasts;  Festi- 
vals 

Religious  history  see  Church  history;  Reli- 
gions; also  names  of  countries  and  cities, 
subhead  Religious  history 

Religious  liberty 

See  also  Catholic  emancipation;  Church 
and  state;  Free  religion;  Free  thought; 
Liberty;  Liberty  of  conscience;  Persecution 


Religious  literature 

See    also    Anecdotes,    Religious ;    Catholic 
literature;  Religious  poetry 
Religious  mysteries  see  Mysteries  (religious) 
Religious  orders 

.SV^  also  Brotherhoods;  Chivalry;  Mo- 
nasticism;  Nuns;  Sisterhoods;  also  names  of 
orders,  e.g.  Franciscans;  Jesuits;  Malta, 
Knights  of;  Templars;  Teutonic  knights 


Religious  poetry 

See  also  Hymns 

Religious  services  see  Church  services;  Devo- 
tional exercises;  Liturgies;  Worship 

Remedies    (in   medicine)   see  Materia   medica ; 
Therapeutics 

Renaissance 

See  also  Architecture,  Renaissance;  Art, 
Renaissance  ;  Fifteenth  century ;  Humanism  ; 
Middle  ages 

Renaissance     architecture     see     Architecture, 

Renaissance 
Renaissance  art  see  Art,  Renaissance 
Renascence  see  Renaissance 
Rent 

See     also     Economics;     E\-iction;     Land; 

Landlord  and  tenant 

Repair  shops.  Railroad,  see  Railroads  —  Shops 
Repairing  see  Mending  and  repairing 
Repentance 

See  also  Confession;  Conversion;  Penance 


education;    Religion;    Sunday    schools;    The- 
ology —  Study  and  teaching 


Reporting 

See    also    Journalism: 
correspondence 


Shorthand;     War 


Repousse  work 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts;  Metal  work 
Representation    see    Proportional    representa- 
tion;   Representative   government  and  rep- 
resentation 
Representative  government  and  representation 
See  also  Boroughs;  Cabinet  s)'slcm;  Con- 
stitutional     law;      Democracy;      P'Jections; 
Gerrymander;   Legislative  bodies;   Nomina- 
tions;   Proportional    representation;    Refer- 
endum; Republics;  Suffrage 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Church  and 
state;  Church  history;  Free  thought;  Govern- 
ment; Intolerance  (s) ;  Liberty;  Liberty  of 
conscience;  Persecution;  Private  judgment; 
Religion;  Toleration  (s) 

Refer  from  Literature;  Religion 


Refer  from  Brotherhoods;  Catholic  church; 
Catholic  church  —  Orders  (s) ;  Church  his- 
tory;  Church  polity;  Convents  and  nunneries; 
Monastic  orders  (s) ;  Monasticism;  Nuns; 
Orders,  Religious  (s) ;  Religion;  Sisterhoods 


Refer  from   Hymns;   Poetry;    Religion: 
ligious  literature ;  Sacred  poetry  (s) 


Re- 


Refer  from  Art,  Renaissance;  Civilization; 
Fifteenth  century;  History,  Modern;  Human- 
ism; Literature;  Middle  ages;  Renascence  (s) ; 
Revival  of  letters  (s) 


Refer  from  Cost  of  living;  Economics;  House 
rent  (s) ;  Land;  Land  tenure;  Landlord  and 
tenant;  Law;  Property;  Real  estate 


Refer  from  Conversion;  Penance;  Peni- 
tence (s) ;  Religion;  Sin;  Theology 

Refer  from  Correspondence  (s) ;  Inter- 
viewing (s) ;  Journalism;  Newspaper  work  (s) ; 
Newspapers 

Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Metal  work 


Refer  from  Boroughs;  Constitutional  law; 
Constitutions;  Democrac)';  Elections;  Free 
institutions;  Go\ernment;  Proportional  rep- 
resentation; Representation  (s) ;  Republics; 
Self-government  (s) ;  Suffrage;  Voting  (s) 


312 


Reproduction 

See  also  Biology ;  Embryology  ;  Fecundity  ; 
Parthenogenesis;     Regeneration     (biology); 
Spontaneous  generation 
Reptiles 

See  also  Amphibia;  Snakes;  V'ertebrates 

Fossil 

U.  S. 

Republican  party 

See  also  Free  soil  party;  U.  S. —  Politics 
Republics 

See  also  Democracy;  Federal  government; 
Government;  Representative  government 
and  representation;  also  names  of  republics 

Repudiation 

See  also  Debts,  Public 
Research 

See  also  Laboratories;  Medical  research; 
Psychical  research  ;  Scientific  research  ;  Sem- 
inary method 
Reservations    for    the    Indians    see    Indians  — 

Reservations 
Reservoirs 

See  also  Dams;  Irrigation;  Water  supply 

Residences  see  Architecture,  Domestic 
Resignation 

Resins  see  Gums  and  resins 
Resistance,  Electric,  see  Electric  resistance 
Resistance   of    materials   see   Strength   of    ma- 
terials 
Resorts   see   Health   resorts;    Summer   resorts; 

WintCF  resorts 
Resources  see  Natural  resources;  Conservation 
of  resources;  also   names  of  countries,   sub- 
head Industries  and  resources 
Respiration  see  Breathing 
Respiratory  organs 

See  also  Anatomy;  Breathing;  Lungs; 
Nose;  Physiology;  Throat 

Diseases 

See  also  Asthma;  Bronchitis;  Catarrh; 
Cold     (disease);     Cough;     Croup;     Hay 
fever;    Influenza;    Pneumonia;    Tubercu- 
losis 
Responsive  worship 

See  also  Liturgies;  Ritualism 


Rest 


See  also  Fatigue ;  Sleep 


Restaurants 

See  also  Catering;  Hotels;  Waiters 
Restraint  of  trade 

See  also   Combination,    Industrial;   Inter- 
state commerce;  Labor  unions;  Monopolies; 
Police  power;  Trusts 
Resumption  of  specie  payment  see  Money  — 

I'.  S.;  Silver  (as  money) 
Resurrection 

See  also   Eschatology;   Future   life;  Jesus 
Christ —  Resurrection  and  ascension 


Refer  from  Biology;  Embryology;  Fecundity; 
Generation  (s) ;  Spontaneous  generation;  Zo- 
ology 

Refer    from     Amphibia;     Herpetology     (s) ; 

Snakes;  Vertebrates 

Refer  from  Fossil  reptiles  (s) ;  Paleontology 
Refer  from  U.  S. —  Herpetology  (s) ;  U.  S.  — 

Reptiles  (s) ;  Zoology  —  U.  S. 

Refer  from  Political  parties;  U.  S. —  Politics 

Refer  from  Constitutional  law;  Democracy; 
Federal  government ;  Free  institutions  ;  Govern- 
ment;  Presidential  government  (s) ;  Repre- 
sentative government  and  representation 

Refer  from  Debts,  Public;  Finance;  Loans 

Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities;  Edu- 
cation; Education  and  state;  Scientific  re- 
search; Seminary  method;  Study 


Refer  from    Dams;    Hydraulic   engineering: 
Irrigation;  Water  supply 

Refer  from  Affliction;  Ethics 


Refer  from  Air  passages  (s) ;  Anatomy; 
Breathing;  Chest;  Lungs;  Nose;  Physiology 

Refer  from  Asthma;  Bronchitis;  Catarrh; 
Cold  (disease);  Cough;  Croup;  Hay  fever; 
Influenza;  Medicine — Practice;  Pneumonia; 
Tuberculosis 

Refer  from    Church  services;  Devotional  ex- 
ercises; Liturgies;  Prayer;  Worship 

Refer  fro?n  Fatigue;  Hygiene;  Mental  hy- 
giene; Nervous  system;  Overwork;  Relaxa- 
tion (s) ;  Therapeutics 

Refer  from  Cafes  (s) ;  Hotels 

Refer  from  Combination,  Industrial;  Com- 
merce; Interstate  commerce;  Labor  unions; 
Law;  Monopolies;  Police  power;  Trusts 


Refer  from  Death;  Eschatology;  Future  life; 
Theology 


2>^i 


Retaining  walls  see  Walls 

Retouching  see  Photography- 
Retribution    see    Future    life;    Future    punish- 
ment; Hell;  Punishment;  Purgatory 

Revelation 

Hee  also  Apocalyptic  literature;  Bible; 
Christianity;  Inspiration;  Religion;  The- 
ology 

Revenue  see   Finance;  Tariff;   Taxation;   also 
names  of  countries,  subhead  Revenue 

Reviews  see  Book  reviews 

Revision  of  the  Bible  see  Bible  —  Revision 

Revival  of  letters  see  Renaissance 

Revivals 

See  also  Camp  meetings;  Conversion; 
Evangelistic  work;  Keswick  movement; 
Prayer  meetings 

Revolutionary  war  (U.  S.)  see  U.  S. —  History 

—  Revolution 
Revolutions 

See  also  French  revolution;  Rebellion; 
also   under  various    countries,    e.g.    France 

—  History  —  Revolution  of  1848  ;  Germany 

—  History — Revolution,  1848-1849;  U.  S. 

—  History  —  Revolution 
Revolvers  see  Pistols 
Rewards  (prizes,  etc.) 

See  also  Bounties;  Nobel  prizes;  Prizes 
(international  law) 

Rhaeto-Romanic    language  see  Romansch  lan- 
guage 

Rheostats 

See  also  Electric  controllers;  Electric 
resistance 

Rhetoric  ' 

See  also  Allegory;  Alliteration;  Analogy; 
Composition  (English);  Conversation;  Criti- 
cism ;  Descriptive  writing;  Drama  ;  Editorials ; 
Elocution;  Eloquence;  Esthetics;  Irony; 
Lectures  and  lecturing ;  Letter  writing ;  Meta- 
phor; Onomatopoeia;  Oratory;  Poetry; 
Preaching;  Precis  writing;  Prose;  Punctua- 
tion; Satire;  Translation;  Versification 

Rheto-Romanic  language  see   Romansch    lan- 
guage 

Rheumatism 

Rhodes  scholarships,  Oxford  university 

Rhyme 

See  also  Prosody 

Rhythm 

See  also  Meter 

Rice 

Riches  see  Wealth 
Riddles 

See  also  Charades;  Puzzles 

Riding   see   Coaches    and    coaching;    Driving; 

Horsemanship 
Rifle  practice 

See  also  Target  practice 


Refer   from    Apocalyptic    literature;    Bible 
Inspiration;  Religion;  Theology 


Refer  from  Christian  life  and  character; 
Church  history;  Church  work;  Conversion; 
Evangelistic  work;  Missions;  Religion;  The- 
ology 


Refer  from  Government;  History;  Rebellion 


Refer  jrom  Compensation  (s) ;  Prizes  (s) 


Refer  from  Electric  apparatus  and  appliances ; 
Electric  controllers;  Electric  resistance;  Elec- 
tric rheostats  (s) 

Refer  from  Allegory;  Alliteration;  Composi- 
tion (English);  Composition  (rhetoric)  (s) ; 
Criticism;  Descriptive  writing;  Elocution; 
English  composition  (s) ;  Expression;  Figures 
of  speech  (s) ;  Language;  Lectures  and  lectur- 
ing; Letter  writing;  Literature;  Metaphor; 
Oratory;  Prose;  Speaking  (s) ;  Style,  Liter- 
ary (s) ;  Theme-writing  (s) ;  Words;  Writing 


Refer  from  Medicine  —  Practice 

Refer  from  Oxford  university;  Scholarships 

Refer  from  English  language —  Rhymes  (s)  ; 
Poetry;  Prosody;  Rime  (s) ;  Versification 

Refer  from  Esthetics;  Meter;  Music;  Poetry; 
Prosody;  Versification 

Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Agricul- 
ture —  Tropics ;  Grain 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Conundrums   (s) ; 
Enigmas  (s) ;  Literature;  Puzzles 


Refer  from  Gunnery;  Infantry  drill  _  and 
tactics;  Military  art  and  science;  Riiles; 
Shooting;  Target  practice 


314 


Rifles 

See  also  Firearms;  Guns;   Rifle  practice; 
Shooting 

Right  and  wrong  see  Ethics 

Right-handedness  see  Left-  and  right-handed- 
ness 

Right  of  assembly  see  Assembly,  Right  of 

Right  of  petition  see  Petition,  Right  of 

Right  of  sanctuary  see  Asylum,  Right  of 

Right  of  search  see  Search,  Right  of 

Righthandedness  see   Left-  and   right-handed- 
ness 

Rights,  Civil,  see  Civil  rights 

Rights  of  women  see  Woman  suffrage  ;  Women 
—  Law;  W^omen  —  Social  condition 

Rime  see  Rhyme 

Ringing  jf^  Bells;  Chimes  and  chiming 

Rings 

See  also  Jewelry 

Riots 

See    also    Draft    riot,    1863;    Lynch    law; 
Strikes  and  lockouts 

Riparian  rights 

See  also  Water  rights 


Rites  and  ceremonies 

See  also  Baptism;  Canonization;  Christian 
antiquities;  Church  dedication;  Confirma- 
tion; Coronations;  Fasts  and  feasts;  Fire 
walk;  Flute  ceremonies;  Funeral  rites  and 
ceremonies  ;  Hymns  ;  Inaugurations ;  Indians 
—  Religion;  Liturgies;  Manners  and  cus- 
toms; Marriage;  Marriage  customs  and 
rites;  Mass;  Mysteries  (religious);  Ordina- 
tion; Prayers;  Ritualism;  Sacraments; 
Totems  and  totemism ;  Worship 

Ritual  see  Liturgies;  Rites  and  ceremonies; 
Ritualism;  also  names  of  churches,  subhead 
Liturgy  and  ritual 

Ritualism 

See  also  Catholic  church  —  Liturgy  and 
ritual;  Church  of  England  —  Liturgy  and 
ritual;  Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the 
U.  S. —  Liturgy  and  ritual;  Rites  and 
ceremonies;  Worship 


Rivers 

See  also  Dams;  Deltas;  Embankments; 
Erosion;  Floods;  Hydraulic  engineering; 
Hydraulics;  Hydrography;  Inland  naviga- 
tion; Physical  geography;  Riparian  rights; 
Valleys;  Water  pollution;  Water  power; 
Waterways 

— u.  s. 

See  also  W^aterways  —  U.  S. 

Riviera 

See  also  Fran-ce  —  Description  and  travel; 

Italy  —  Description    and    travel;    Monaco; 

Provence 
Road,  Rule  of  the,  see  Rule  of  the  road 
Road  engines  see  Traction  engines 
Road  maps 


Refer  from  Arms  and  armor;   Carbines   (s) ; 
Firearms;  Guns;  Shooting 


Refer  from  Finger  rings  (s) ;  Jewelry 

Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Crowds; 
Government;  History;  Alobs  (s) ;  Strikes  and 
lockouts 

Refer  from  Land  tenure;  Law;  Littoral 
rights  (s) ;  Real  estate;  Rivers;  Water  rights; 
Waterways 

Refer  from  Ceremonies  (s) ;  Christian  antiq- 
uities; Christian  art  and  symbolism;  Church 
ceremonies  (s) ;  Church  polity;  Ecclesiastical 
ceremonies  (s) ;  Liturgies;  Manners  and 
customs;  Religious  ceremonies  (s) ;  Ritual  (s) ; 
Ritualism;  Worship 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Catholic  church 
—  Liturgy  and  ritual;  Church  of  England; 
Church  of  England — -Liturgy  and  ritual; 
Church  polity;  Liturgies;  Prayer;  Protestant 
Episcopal  church  In  the  U.  S. ;  Religion; 
Responsive  worship;  Rites  and  ceremonies; 
Ritual  (s)  ;  Worship 

Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Engineering; 
Floods;  Hydraulic  engineering;  Hydraulics; 
Hydrography;  Inland  navigation;  Physical 
geography;  Streams  (s) ;  Valleys;  Water; 
Waterways 


Refer  from  U.  S. —  Rivers  (s) ;  Waterways 
—  U.  S. 

Refer  from  France  —  Description  and  travel ; 
Italy — Description  and  travel;  Monaco; 
Provence;  Winter  resorts 


Refer  from  Ma[5s;  Roads 


315 


Roads 

See  also  Civil  engineering;  Dust;  Eminent 
domain  ;  Indian  trails  ;  Pavements  ;  Portages  ; 
Railroads;  Railroads  —  Crossings;  Road 
maps;  Sidewalks;  Street  cleaning;  Street 
railroads  ;  Streets 
— — Macadamized 

Roman 

U.  S. 

See  also  Cumberland  road  ;  Indian  trails  ; 

Oregon    trail;    Salt  Lake  trail;  Santa  Fe 

trail ;  Wilderness  road 
Robbers  see  Brigands  and  robbers 
Robins 

See  also  Birds 
Rochdale  system  see  Cooperation 
Rock  see  Rocks 
Rock  drills 

See  also  Boring;  Mining  machinery 


Rock  tombs  see  Tombs 

Rocks 

See  also  Geochemistry;  Geodes ;  Geology; 
Granite;  Igneous  rocks;  Limestone;  ^Iin- 
eralogy;  Sandstone;  Slate;  Stone 


Rod,  The,  see  Corporal  punishment ;  Flogging 
Rodents 

See  also  Hares  ;  Mammals ;  Mice  ;  Rabbits ; 
Rats 
Roentgen  rays  see  X  rays 
Roller-skating 
Rolling  mills 

See  also  Iron  industry;  Steel  industry 

Rolling  stock  see  Railroads  —  Rolling  stock 
Romaic  language  see  Greek  language  (modern) 
Romaic  literature  see  Greek  literature  (modern) 
Roman  Campagna  see  Campagna  di  Roma 
Roman  Catholic  church  see  Catholic  church 
Roman  emperors 

See  also  Rome  —  History  —  Empire 

Roman  law  see  Civil  law 

Roman  literature  see  Latin  literature 

Roman  mythology  see  Mythology,  Classical 

Roman  roads  see  Roads,  Roman 

Romance  see  Fiction;  Romances 

Romance  languages 

See  also  Aryan  languages;  French  lan- 
guage; Italian  language;  Portuguese  lan- 
guage; Provencal  language;  Romansch 
language;  Rumanian  language;  Spanish 
language 

Romance  literature 

See  also  l'"rcnch  literature;  Italian  litera- 
ture; Portuguese  literature;  Spanish  litera- 
t  u  re 

Romances 

See  also  Arthurian  romances;  Charle- 
magne—  Romances;  English  metrical  ro- 
mances; Fiction;  Legends;  Poetry 


Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Coaches  and 
coaching;  Eminent  domain;  Engineering; 
Highways  (s) ;  Pavements;  Streets;  Thorough- 
fares (s) ;  Transportation;  Turnpikes  (s) 

Refer  from  Macadamized  roads  (s) ;  Pave- 
ments 

Refer  from  Roads  —  England;  Roads  — 
France  ;  Roads  —  Italy ;  Roman  roads  (s) 

Refer  from  U.  S. —  Roads  (s) 


Refer  from  Birds 


Refer  from.    Boring;    Diamond    drilling    (s) ; 
Excavating    machinery;    Mining    engineering; 

Mining  machinery 


Refer  from  Chemical  geology  (s) ;  Geo- 
chemistry; Geology;  Granite;  Igneous  rocks; 
Lithology  (s) ;  Metamorphic  rocks  (s) ;  Min- 
eralogy; Petrography  (s) ;  Petrology  (s) ; 
Rock  (s) ;  Sedimentary  rocks  (s) ;  Stone 


Refer  from    Flares;    Mammals;    Mice;    Rab- 
bits ;  Rats 

Refer  from  Skating;  Sports 

Refer  from    Iron    industry;    Mills    and    mill- 
work;  Steel  industry 


Refer  jrom  Caesars  (s)  ;  Emperors;  Rome — - 
History  —  Empire 


Refer  from  Ar)an  languages;  French  lan- 
guage;  Italian  language;  Language;  Latin 
language;  Nco-Latin  languages  (s) ;  Portuguese 
language;  Provencal  language;  Romansch 
language;  Rumanian  language;  Spanish  lan- 
guage 

Refer  from  French  literature;  Italian  litera- 
ture; Literature;  Portuguese  literature;  Span- 
is  li  literature 

Refer  from  Chivalry;  Epic  poetry;  Fiction; 
Folklore;  German  literature;  German  ro- 
mances (s) ;  Legends;  Literature;  Ro- 
mance (s) ;  Stories  (s) 


316 


Romanism  srr  Catholic  church 
Romansch  language 

See  also  Romance  languages 


Romanticism 

See  also  Classicism 


Romany  language 


Romaunsch  language  see  Romansch  language 
Rome  —  History 

Kings,  B.  C.  753-510 

Republic,  B.  C.  510-30 

See  also  Gallic  wars;  Punic  wars 
Empire,  B.  C.  30-A.  D.  476 

See  also  Barbarian  invasions  of  Rome  ; 
Byzantine  empire;  Roman  emperors 
Rommany  language  see  Romany  language 
Rood  screens 

Roofs 

See  also  Arches;  Architecture;  Building; 
Ceilings;  Domes;  Gables;  Girders;  Graphic 
statics;  Scaffolding;  Skylights;  Slate;  Steel 
construction;  Strains  and  stresses;  Trusses; 
Vaulting 
Root  crops 

See  also  Vegetables 

Roots 

See  also  Botan}',  Structural;  Root  crops 

Rope 

See  also  Cables;  Cordage;  Hemp;   Knots 
and  splices;  Rope  driving;  Wire 
Rope  driving 

See    also     Belting;     Power    transmission; 
Pulleys 
Ropeways  see  Cableways 
Rosary 

Rose  see  Roses 
Roses 

See  also  Floriculture 
Roses,  Wars  of  the,  see  Wars  of  the  Roses 
Rosetta  stone 

Rosicrucians 

See  also  Mysticism 


Rosin  see  Gums  and  resins 

Rosy  cross,  Order  of  the,  see  Rosicrucians 

Rotation 

See    also    Dynamics;    Earth — Rotation; 
G\roscopc;  Rotation  of  crops 
Rotation  of  crops 

See  also  Agriculture;  Pastures  and  mead- 
ows 

Rotation  of  the  earth  see  Earth  — -  Rotation 
Rough  Riders 

See     also     U.     S. —  History  —  War     with 
Spain 
Roumanian  language  see  Rumanian  language 


Refer  from  Rhaeto-Romanic  language  (s) ; 
Rheto-Romanic  language  (s) ;  Romance  lan- 
guages;  Romaunsch  language  (s) 

Refer  from  Classicism;  Esthetics;  Idealism 
in  art;  Idealism  in  literature;  Literature 

Refer  from  Gipsy  language  (s) ;  Gypsy  lan- 
guage (s) ;  Indo-Aryan  languages;  Rommany 
language  (s) 


Refer  from  Gallic  wars;  Punic  wars 

Refer  from  Barbarian  invasions  of  Rome; 
Roman  emperors 

Refer  from  Church  decoration  and  ornament; 
Church  furniture 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Building;  Carpen- 
try; Domes;  Gables;  Girders;  Graphic  statics; 
Steel  construction;  Strains  and  stresses; 
Trusses 


Refer   from    Agricultural    products;    Crops; 
Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs;  Roots;  Vegetables 

Refer  from    Botany — Physiology;    Botany, 
Structural ;  Plants 

Refer  from  Cables;  Cordage;  Hemp;  Hoist- 
ing machinery;  Manufactures 

Refer   from    Belting;    Power    transmission; 
Pulleys ;  Rope 

Refer  from  Beads;  Catholic  church;  Prayers 


Refer  from  Floriculture;  Flowers;  Rose  (s) 

Refer  from  Egypt  ^  Antiquities ;  Hiero- 
glyphics 

Refer  from  Mysticism;  Order  of  the  Rosy 
cross  (s) ;  Religions  ;  Rosy  cross.  Order  of  the  (s) ; 
Secret  societies 


Refer  from  Dynamics;  Motion;  Physics 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Crop  rotation  (s) ; 
Crops;  Farm  management;  Rotation;  Soil 
fertility 


Refer    from     U.     S. —  History  —  War     with 
Spain;  United  States  volunteer  cavalry 


317 


Round  Table  see  Arthurian  romances 
Round  towers 

.S('('  also  Ireland  —  Antiquities 
Rowing 

See  also  Aquatic  sports;   Boats  and  boat- 
ing; Canoes  and  canoeing;  College  athletics 


Royal  descent,  Families  of 

'Rojal  supremacy  (Church  of  I''.ngland)  see 
Church  of  England  —  Royal  supremacy 

Royalty  see  Kings  and  rulers;  Monarchy; 
Princes  and  princesses ;  Queens  and  em- 
presses 

Rubber 

See  also  Gutta-percha 


Rubber  tires  see  Tires 
Rugs 

See  also  Carpets ;  House  decoration 


Ruins  see  Archaeology 
Rule  of  the  road 

Rulers  see   Kings   and   rulers;   also   Emperors; 

Monarchy;  Popes;  Presidents;  Queens  and 

empresses 
Rules  of  order  see  Parliamentary  practice 
Rumanian  language 

See  also  Romance  languages 

Runes  • 

Running 

See  also  Track  athletics;  Walking 


Rural  architecture  see  Architecture,  Domestic; 

Bungalows;     Cottages;     Country     houses; 

Farm  buildings;  Landscape  gardening 
Rural  economy  see  Agriculture 
Rural  free  delivery 

See  also  Postal  service  —  U.  S. 

Rural  life  see  Country  life;  Farm  life;  Outdoor 

life 
Rural  poetry  see  Pastoral  poetry 
Rural  schools  see  Country  schools 
Russian  church  see  Greek  church 
Russian  language 

See  also  Slavic  languages 
Russian  literature 

See  also  Sla\'ic  literature 
Russians  in  the  U.  S. 

See  also  Slavs  in  the  U.  S. 

Russo-Japanese  war,  1904-1905 

See      also      Japan  —  History;      Russia  — 
History 
Russo-Turkish    war,    1 853-1 856,    see    Crimean 
war 


Refer  from  Archaeology-;  Ireland — -Antiq- 
uities ;  Towers 

Refer  from  Aquatic  sports;  Athletics;  Boats 
and  boating;  College  athletics;  Locomotion; 
Na\igation;  Oarsmanship  (s) ;  Racing  (s) ; 
Regattas  (s) ;  Sculling  (s) ;  Sports 

Refer  from  Genealogy;  Kings  and  rulers 


Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Agricul- 
ture—  Tropics;  Caoutchouc  (s) ;  Chemistry, 
Technical;  Forest  products;  Gutta-percha; 
India-rubber  (s) ;  Indiarubber  (s) ;  Manufac- 
tures 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Carpets;  Do- 
mestic arts;  Floors;  House  decoration;  Textile 
industry  and  fabrics;  Weaving 

Refer  from  Collisions  at  sea;  Navigation; 
Road,  Rule  of  the  (s) 


Refer  from  Romance  languages;  Roumanian 
language  (s) 

Refer  from  Alphabet;  Germanic  languages; 
Inscriptions 

Refer  from  Animal  locomotion;  Athletics; 
Cross-country  running  (s)  ;  Exercise;  Foot- 
racing (s)  ;  Locomotion;  Physical  education; 
Racing  (s) ;  Sports;  Track  athletics;  Walking 


Refer  from  Postal  ser\-icc;  Postal  ser\'ice 
U    S 


Refer  from  Sla\ic  languages 

Refer  from  Sla\'ic  literature 

Refer  from  Sla\s  in  the  L.  S. ;  U.   S. —  For- 
eign population 

Refer  from    Eastern    question    (Far    East); 
Japan  —  History;  Russia  —  History 


318 


Russo-Turkish  war,  1877- 1878 

See     also     Russia  —  History;     Turkey  — 
History 

Rust  see  Corrosion  and  anti-corrosives 
Rustic  woodwork 

See  also  Garden  ornaments  and  furniture 

Rustless  coatings  see  Corrosion   and   anti-cor- 
rosives 
Rye  House  plot 

See  also  England  —  History  —  Stuarts 
Sabbatarians  see  Seventh-day  Baptists 
Sabbath  see  Sabbath,  Jewish;  Sunday 
Sabbath,  Jewish 

Saber  see  Swords 
Sabre  see  Swords 
Sacraments 

See   also    Baptism;    Confirmation;    Lord's 

supper;     Marriage;    Ordination;     Penance; 

Unction 


Sacred  art  see  Christian  art  and  symbolism 
Sacred  books 

See   also   Avesta ;    Bible;    Eddas;    Koran; 
Talmud ;  Vedas 
Sacred    history   see    Bible — -History;    Church 

history 
Sacred  music  see  Church  music;  Oratorios 
Sacred  poetry  see  Hymns;  Religious  poetry 
Sacrifice 

See  also  Altars;  Atonement 

Sacrilege 

Saddlery  see  Harness 
Safes 

See  also  \'aults 
Safety  devices 

See  also  Air  brakes;  Brakes;  Car  coup- 
lings; Employers'  liability;  Lightning  con- 
ductors ;  Railroads  —  Signals  ;  Safety  lamps  ; 
Safety  valves 

Safety  lamps 

See  also  Mine  accidents;  Mine  fires 

Safety  valves 

See  also   Boilers;    Steam    engines;    Valves 
and  vahe  gears 
Sagas 

See  also  Eddas;  Folklore;  Icelandic  litera- 
ture; Scandinavian  literature 

Sailing 

See  also  Aquatic  sports;  Boats  and  boat- 
ing; Canoes  and  canoeing;  Navigation; 
Skipjacks;  Yachts  and  yachting 

Sailing  directions  see  Pilot  guides 

Sailors 

See  also  Impressment;  Missions  —  Sea- 
men; Na\'al  biograph\';  Pilots  and  pilotage; 
Sea  stories;  Seafaring  life 

Sailors'  missions  see  Missions  —  Seamen 


Refer  from  Eastern  question  (Near  East) ; 
Russia  —  History;  Turco-Russian  war  (s) ; 
Turkey  —  History;  Turko-Russian  war  (s) 


Refer  from    Carpentry;    Garden    ornaments 
and  furniture;  Landscape  gardening 


Refer  from  England  —  History  —  Stuarts 


Refer    from    Jews;    Jews 
bath  (s) 


Religion;    Sab- 


Refer  from  Baptism;  Catholic  church; 
Church  of  England;  Church  polity;  Lord's 
supper;  Protestant  Episcopal  church  in  the 
U.  S. ;  Religion;  Rites  and  ceremonies;  The- 
ology; Worship 


Refer  from  Literature;  Religions 


Refer  from  Altars;  Human  sacrifice  (s) ; 
Religion;  Theology;  Worship 

Refer  from  Desecration  (s) ;  Profanation  (s) ; 
Religion 


Refer  from  Vaults 

Refer  from  Accidents;  Air  brakes;  Brakes; 
Employers'  liability;  Life-saving;  Occupations, 
Dangerous;  Railroads;  Railroads  —  Acci- 
dents; Railroads — Equipment  and  supplies; 
Railroads  —  Safety  devices  (s) 

Refer  from  Explosions;  Lamps;  Mine  acci- 
dents; Mine  fires;  Safety  devices 

Refer  from  Boilers;  Safety  devices;  Steam 
engines;  Valves  and  valve  gears 

Refer  from  Eddas;  Folklore;  Icelandic  litera- 
ture; Legends;  Literature;  Mythology,  Norse; 
Northmen;  Scandinavian  literature 

Refer  fro tn  Aquatic  sports;  Boats  and  boat- 
ing; Locomotion;  Navigation;  Regattas  (s) ; 
Ships;  Sports;  Yachts  and  yachting 


Refer  from  Naval  biography;  Navigation; 
Ocean;  Ocean  travel;  Seafaring  life;  Sea- 
men (s) ;  Ships;  Voyages  and  travels 


319 


Sailors'  songs 

Sails 

St.  Augustine,  Order  of,  see  Augustinians 
St.  Bartholomew's  day,  Massacre  of 

See    also     France  —  History  —  House    of 
Valois;  Huguenots 


St.   John   of  Jerusalem,   Order  of,   see   Malta, 
Knights  of 

St.  Valentine's  day  see  Valentine's  day 

Saints 

See  also  Apostles;  Bible  —  Biography; 
Canonization;  Fathers  of  the  church;  Le- 
gends; Martyrs;  Saints  in  art;  Shrines 


Saints  in  art 

See  also  Christian  art  and  symbolism 

Salads 

See  also  Cookery;  Sauces 
Salaries 

See     also     Income;     Teachers  —  Salaries, 
pensions,  etc. ;  Wages 
Sale 

See  also  Auctions;  Commercial  law;  Con- 
veyancing; Land  titles 

Salesmanship 

See     also     Advertising;     Business;     Com- 
mercial travelers 

Salesmen,  Traveling,  see  Commercial  travelers 
Salic  law- 
Salmon 

See  also  Fish  ;  Trout 
Salons 

See  also  Precieuses 

Saloons    see    Liquor    problem;    Liquor    traffic; 

Temperance 
Salt 

See  also  Condiments;  Geology,  Economic; 

Sea  water 
Salt  Lake  trail 

Salts 

See  also  Chemistry 
Salutations 

Salvage 

.S'(V  also  Maritime  law;  Wrecking 


Salvation 

See  also  Atonement;  Conversion;  Future 
life;  Grace  (theology);  infant  salvation; 
Justification;  Predestination;  Regeneration 
(theology);  Sanctification ;  Soul;  Universal- 
ism 
Salvation  army 

Sec  also  I'arm  colonics 


Refer    from    Chanteys     (s) ;     Chanties     (s) ; 
Songs 

Refer  from  Ships 


Refer  from  Bartholomew,  St.,  Massacre 
of  (s) ;  France  —  History — House  of  Valois; 
France —  Religious  history;  Huguenots;  Mas- 
sacres 


Refer  from  Apostles;  Bible;  Bible — Bi- 
ography; Canonization;  Catholic  church; 
Catholic  church  —  Biography;  Christian  biog- 
raphy; Fathers  of  the  church;  Heroes;  Le- 
gends; Martyrs;  Miracles;  Relics;  Religion 

Refer  from  Christian  art  and  symbolism; 
Iconography  (s) ;  Saints 

Refer  from  Cookery 

Refer  from  Compensation  (s) ;  Economics; 
Income;  Prices;  Wages 

Refer  from  Commercial  law;  Contracts; 
Land  titles  ;  Law ;  Personal  property ;  Property  ; 
Real  estate;  Selling  (s) ;  Vendors  (s) 

Refer  from  Advertising;  Business;  Com- 
merce; Commercial  travelers;  Peddlers  and 
peddling;  Selling  (s) 

Refer  from  France — Law;  Inheritance; 
Law;  Property;  Women  —  Law 

Refer  frovi  Fish;  Fishing;  Trout 

Refer  from  French  salons  (s) ;  Precieuses; 
Society;  Women  in  PVance 


Refer  from  Condiments;  Geology,  Economic; 
Mines  and  mineral  resources 

Refer  from  Indian  trails;  Roads  —  U.  S. ; 
Trails  (s) ;  Western  states 

Refer  from  Chemistry 

Rejer  from  Etiquet;  Greetings  (s) ;  Manners 
and  customs 

Refer  Jrom  Admiralty;  Collisions  at  sea; 
Insurance,  Marine;  International  law;  Mari- 
time law ;  Prizes  (international  law);  Shipping; 
Shipwrecks;  Wrecking 

Refer  from  Conversion;  Future  life;  Jesus 
Christ;  Predestination;  Redemption  (s) ;  Re- 
generation (theolog}') ;  Sin;  Soteriology  (s) ; 
Theology 


Refer   from    Charities;     E\  angelistic    work; 
Sects 


320 


Samplers 
San  Jose  scale 

Si'e  also  Scale  insects 

Sanatoriums 

See     also     Convalescent     homes;     Health 
resorts  ;  Hospitals 
Sanctification 

See  also  Christian  life  and  character 


Sanctuary  see  Asylum,  Right  of 
Sand  dunes  see  Dunes 
Sandemanians 
Sandstone 

See  also  Building  stones 

Sandwiches 

Sangreal  see  Grail 

Sanitariums  see  Sanatoriums 

Sanitary  affairs  see  Hygiene,  Public;  Sanita- 
tion; also  names  of  countries  and  cities, 
subhead  Sanitary  affairs 

Sanitary  chemistry 

See  also  Adulterations;  Air  pollution; 
Chemistry,  Household;  Cleaning;  Food  — 
Analysis;  Food  adulteration  and  inspection; 
Refuse  and  refuse  disposal;  Sewage;  Smoke; 
Water  —  Analysis  ;  Water  —  Purification ; 
Water  pollution 

Sanitary  engineering 

See  also  Filters  and  filtration;  Heating; 
Hygiene,  Public;  Municipal  engineering; 
Plumbing;  Public  comfort  stations;  Refuse 
and  refuse  disposal;  Sanitation;  Sewage; 
Sewerage;  Street  cleaning;  Ventilation; 
Water — Purification;  Water  supply;  also 
names  of  countries  and  cities,  subhead 
Sanitary  affairs 

Sanitary  science  see  Hygiene;  Sanitary  en- 
gineering; Sanitation 

Sanitation 

See  also  Cemeteries;  Cleanliness;  Disin- 
fection and  disinfectants;  Hygiene;  Hygiene, 
Public;  Military  hygiene;  Naval  hygiene; 
Refuse  and  refuse  disposal ;  Sanitary  chem- 
istry; Sanitary  engineering;  Sanitation, 
Household;  School  hygiene;  Sewage;  Sewer- 
age; Smoke;  Ventilation;  Water — -Purifica- 
tion; Water  supply;  also  names  of  countries 
and  cities,  subhead  Sanitary  affairs 

Household 

See  also  Chemistry,  Household  ;  Heat- 
ing; House  cleaning;  Plumbing;  Ventila- 
tion 


Sanscrit  see  Sanskrit 
Sanskrit  language 

See  also  Indo-Aryan  languages 
Sanskrit  literature 

See  also  Hindu  literature;  Oriental  litera- 
ture; Vedas 
Santa  Claus 

See  also  Christmas 


Refer  from  Needlework 

Refer  from  Chinese  scale  (s) ;  Insects,  In- 
jurious and  beneficial;  Scale  insects 

Refer  from  Health  resorts;  Hospitals;  Medi- 
cine; Mineral  waters;  Sanitariums  (s) 

Refer  from  Christian  life  and  character; 
Christian  perfection  (s) ;  Holiness  (s) ;  Perfec- 
tion, Christian  (s) ;  Salvation;  Spiritual  life; 
Theology 


Refer  from  Glassites  (s) ;  Sects 

Refer  from  Building  stones;  Rocks;  Stone 

Refer  from  Cookery;  Luncheons 


Refer  from    Chemistry;    Chemistry,    House- 
hold; Chemistry,  Sanitary  (s) ;  Sanitation 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Building;  Civil 
engineering;  Engineering;  Engineering,  Sani- 
tary (s) ;  Hygiene,  Public;  Municipal  engineer- 
ing; Municipal  improvement;  Plumbing; 
Sanitary  science  (s) ;  Sanitation;  Sewerage 


Refer  from  Cleanliness;  Hygiene;  Hygiene, 
Public;  Sanitary  affairs  (s) ;  Sanitary  engineer- 
ing; Sanitary  science  (s) 


Refer  from  Chemistry,  Household;  Domestic 
hygiene  (s) ;  Home  economics;  House  drain- 
age (s) ;  House  sanitation  (s) ;  Household  sani- 
tation (s) ;  Housing  problem;  Hygiene,  Do- 
mestic (s) ;  Plumbing;  Sanitation 


Refer  from  Indo-Ar)'an  languages 

Refer  from  Hindu  literature;  Oriental  litera- 
ture 

Refer  from  Christmas;  Nicholas,  St. 


321 


Santa  Fe  trail 


Saracens 

See  also  Arabia  —  History;  Arabs;  Ca- 
liphs; Crusades;  Moliammedanism ;  Moors 

Sarcophagi 

Satan  see  Devil 
Satellites 

See  also  Astronomy;  Moon;  Perturbation; 
Planets 
Satire 

See  also  Caricature  and  cartoons;  Humor; 
Irony;  Parodies 

American 

See    also    American    literature;    Satire, 
English 

English 

See     also     English     literature;     Satire, 
American 

Greek 

See  also  Greek  literature 
Sauces 

See  also  Cookery 
Savages 

See  also  Indians;  Society,  Primitive 

Saving  see  Thrift 

Savings  banks 

See  also  Banks  and  banking;  Building  and 
loan  associations;  Postal  savings  banks; 
School  savings  banks;  Thrift;  Trust  com- 
panies 

Saw  mills  see  Sawmills 

Sawmills 

Saws 

See  also  Woodworking  machinery 
Saxon    language    see    Anglo-Saxon    language; 

Old  Saxon  language 
Sayings    see    Epigrams;     Maxims;     Proverbs; 

Quotations ;  Table-talk 
Scaffolding 

See  also  Building;  Shoring  and  underpin- 
ning 
Scalds  see  Burns  and  scalds 
Scale  (music) 
Scale  insects 

See  also  Hemiptera  ;  San  Jose  scale 


Scalping 

Scandinavian  languages 

See  also  Danish  language;  Germanic  lan- 
guages;     Icelandic      language;      Norwegian 
language;  Swedish  language 
Scandinavian  literature 

See  also  Danish  literature;  Eddas ;  Ice- 
landic literature;  Norwegian  literature; 
Sagas;  Swedish  literature 

Scandinavian  mythology  see  Mythology,  Norse 


Refer  from  Indian  trails;  New  Mexico; 
Roads  —  U.  S. ;  Southwestern  states  ;  Trails  (s) ; 
Western  states 

Refer  from  Arabia  —  History;  Arabs;  Cru- 
sades; Mohammedanism;  Moors 

Refer  from  Bas-relief;  Burial;  Christian  art 
and  symbolism;  Sculpture;  Tombs 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Perturbation;  Plan- 
ets; Secondary  planets  (s) 

Refer  from  Caricature  and  cartoons;  Comic 
literature  (s) ;  Humor;  Lampoons  (s) ;  Litera- 
ture ;  Rhetoric 

Refer  from  American  literature;  American 
satire  (s) ;  Humor,  American;  Satire,  English 

Refer  from  English  literature;  English 
satire  (s) ;  Humor,  English;  Satire,  American 

Refer  from  Greek  literature;  Greek  satire  (s) 

Refer  from  Cookery;  Salads 

Refer  from  Ethnology;  Man;  Primitive 
man  (s) ;  Society,  Primitive;  Sociology 


Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Cooperation; 
Thrift 


Refer  from    Lumber    and    lumbering;    Mills 
and  millwork;  Saw  mills  (s) 

Refer  from  Tools;  Woodworking  machinery 


Refer  from  Building;  Carpentry;  Roofs 


Refer  from  Music 

Refer  from  Coccidae  (s) ;  Fruit  —  Diseases 
and  pests;  Hemiptera;  Insects,  Injurious  and 
beneficial;  San  Jose  scale 

Refer  from  Indians 

Refer  from  Danish  language;  Germanic  lan- 
guages; Icelandic  language;  Norwegian  lan- 
guage; Swedish  language 

Refer  from  Danish  literature;  Icelandic 
literature;  Literature;  Norse  literature^  (s) ; 
Norwegian  literature;  Sagas;  Swedish  litera- 
ture 


322 


Scandinavians  in  the  U.  S. 

Sft'  also  Danes  in  tlie  U.  S. ;  Norwegians 
in  the  U.  S. ;  Swedes  in  the  U.  S. 

Scarabs 

Scarlatina  see  Scarlet  fever 
Scarlet  fever 


Scenarios  see  Plots  (drama,  novel,  etc.) 

Scene  painting 

Scenery  see  Landscape;  Nature;  Picturesque 

Scent  see  Odors;  Perfumery;  Tracking 

Scepticism  see  Skepticism 

Schism,  The  great  western,  1378-1417 

See   also   Church   history — -Middle   ages; 
Popes  —  History 


Scholars 

See  also  Culture;  Degrees,  Academic 

Scholarship  see  Culture;  Education;  Scholars 
Scholarships 

See     also     Rhodes      scholarships,     Oxford 
university 
Scholastic  philosophy  see  Scholasticism 
Scholasticism 

See  also  Philosophy,  Medieval;  Realism 

School  administration  and  organization 

See  also  School  grading  and  promotions; 
School  management;  School  reports;  School 
superintendents  and  principals 
School  architecture  see  Schoolhouses 
School.athletics 

See  also  Baseball ;  Basket-ball ;  College 
athletics ;  Football 

School  attendance 

See  also  Compulsory  education;  Truancy 

School    books  see  Textbooks 

School  buildings  see  Schoolhouses 

School  centralization  see  Schools  —  Centraliza- 
tion 

School  children 

See  also  Anthropometry;  Child  study; 
Children,  Abnormal  and  backward;  Medical 
inspection  of  schools;  Playgrounds;  School 
attendance;  School  hygiene;  School  lunches; 
School  management;  Study;  Truancy 

School  city 

See  also  Self-government  (in  education) 


School  decoration 


School  discipline  see  School  management 

School  entertainments 

School    cc]ui]-)mcnt    see    School    furniture    and 

equipment 
School  excursions 


School  farms  see  Farm  schools;  School  gardens 


Refer  from  Danes  in  the  U.  S. ;  Norwegians 
in  the  U.  S. ;  Swedes  in  the  U.  S. ;  U.  S.  —  For- 
eign population 

Refer  from  Amulets;  Beetles;  Symbolism 

Refer  from  Children — Diseases;  Contagion 
and  contagious  diseases;  Fever;  Medicine  — 
Practice;  Scarlatina  (s) 

Refer  from  Painting;  Theater 


Refer  from  Catholic  church  —  History; 
Church  history —  Middle  ages;  Great  schism, 
1378-1417  (s) ;  Papal  schism  (s) ;  Popes  — 
History 

Refer  from  Culture;  Education;  Learned 
men  (s) ;  Learning  (s) ;  Scholarship  (s) ;  Study 


Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities;  Educa- 
tion; Education  and  state 


Refer  from  Philosophy;  Philosophy,  Medie- 
val; Realism;  Scholastic  philosophy  (s) 

Refer    from     School     management;     School 
organization  (s) 


Refer  from  Athletics;  College  athletics; 
Games;  High  school  athletics  (s) ;  High 
schools;  Physical  education;  School  sports  (s) 

Refer  from  Compulsory  education;  School 
children;  Truancy 


Refer  from    Boys;    Children;    Girls;    Public 
schools;  School  hygiene 


Refer  from  Citizenship;  Education  and 
citizenship;  School  republics  (s) ;  Self-govern- 
ment (in  education) 

Refer  from  Art  in  the  schoolroom  (s) ;  Decora- 
tion and  ornament;  House  decoration;  School- 
houses;  Schoolroom  decoration  (s) 

Refer  from  Entertainments 


Refer     from      Amusements;      Excursions, 
School  (s) 


323 


School  furniture  and  equipment 
School  gardens 

Si-r  also  Gardening;  Vacant  lot  cultivation 

School  grading  and  promotions 


School  houses  see  Schoolhouses 
School  hygiene 

See    also    Medical    inspection    of    schools ; 

Open-air  schools;  Overpressure  (education); 

Playgrounds;       School       children;       School 

lunches;  School  nurses 

School  lands 

School  laws 

See  also  Compulsory  education 

School  libraries 

See  also  Libraries  and  schools 


School  life  see  Student  life 
School  lunches 

School  management 

See  also  Corporal  punishment;  Fire 
drills;  Overpressure  (education);  School 
administration  and  organization;  School 
grading  and  promotions;  Self-government 
(in  education) ;  Teaching 
School  music 

See  also  Kindergarten  —  Games  and  songs 

School  nurses 

See  also  Medical  inspection  of  schools 

School  organization  see  School  administration 

and  organization 
School  playgrounds  see  Playgrounds 
School    principals    see    School    superintendents 

and  principals 
School  reports 

School  republics  see  School  city 
School  savings  banks 

School  sports  see  School  athletics 
School  stories 

See  also  College  stories 

School  superintendents  and  principals 


School  teaching  see  Teaching 
Schoolhouses 

See    also    School    decoration;    School    hy- 
giene; Social  centers 

Schoolmasters  see  Teachers 

Sclioolroom  decoration  see  School  decoration 

Schools 

See   also    Academies    (schools);    Auxiliary 
schools;   Charity   schools;   Church   schools; 


Refer  from  Furniture;  School  equipment  (s) 

Refer  from  Gardening;  Gardens;  Nature 
study ;  School  farms  (s) ;  Vacant  lot  cultivation 

Refer  from  Grading  in  schools  (s) ;  Promo- 
tion (in  schools)  (s) ;  School  administration  and 
organization;  School  management;  Teaching 


Refer  from  Children — -Care  and  hygiene; 
Hygiene;  Hygiene,  Public;  Medical  inspection 
of  schools;  Occupations  —  Diseases  and  hy- 
giene ;  Sanitation  ;  School  children  ;  Schoolhous- 
es 

Refer  from  Land;  Land  grants;  Land  tenure; 
U.  S.—  Public  lands 

Refer  from  Compulsory  education;  I'^duca- 
tional  laws  (s) ;  Law 

Refer  from  Children's  literature;  Libraries; 
Libraries,  Children's;  Libraries,  School  (s) ; 
Libraries  and  schools 

Refer  from  Children  —  Care  and  hygiene; 
Diet;  Luncheons;  Penny  lunches  (s) ;  School 
children ;  School  hygiene 

Refer  from  Corporal  punishment;  Discipline, 
School  (s) ;  School  administration  and  organiza- 
tion ;  School  children;  School  discipline  (s) ; 
Teaching 


Refer  from  Music;  Singing  and  voice  culture; 
Songs 

Refer  from    Medical    inspection    of    schools; 
Nurses  and  nursing;  School  hygiene 


Refer  from  School  administration  and  organi- 
zation 

Refer   from    Banks    and    banking;    Savings 
banks 


Refer  from  College  stories;  Fiction;  Student 
life 

Refer  from  Principals,  School  (s) ;  School 
administration  and  organization;  School  prin- 
cipals (s) ;  Superintendents,  School  (s) ;  Teach- 
ers 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Public  buildings; 
School  architecture  (s) ;  School  buildings  (s) ; 
School  houses  (s) 


Refer  from  Education;  Public  schools 


324 


Schools — Continued 

Colleges  and  universities;  Correspondence 
schools  and  courses;  Country  schools;  Cur- 
riculum; Education;  Evening  and  continua- 
tion schools;  Farm  schools;  Grammar 
schools;  High  schools;  Kindergarten;  Li- 
braries and  schools;  Normal  schools;  Open- 
air  schools;  Parental  schools;  Playgrounds; 
Private  schools;  Public  schools;  Ragged 
schools;  Sewing  schools;  Summer  schools; 
Sunday  schools;  Trade  schools;  Truant 
schools ;  Vacation  schools ;  also  headings 
beginning  School 

C  entralization 


Medical  inspection,  see  Medical  inspection 

of  schools 
Schools  and  libraries  see  Libraries  and  schools ; 
Children's  literature ;  Libraries,  Children's 

Schwenkfelders 

Sciagraphs  see  Radiography 
Science 

See  also  Anthropology;  Astronomy;  Bi- 
ology; Botany;  Chemistry;  Economics; 
Ethnology ;  Evolution  ;  Geography  ;  Geology  ; 
Government;  History;  Industrial  arts; 
Inventions;  Language;  Law;  Logic;  Mathe- 
matics; Medicine;  Meteorology;  Micro- 
scope and  microscopy;  Military  art  and 
science;  Mineralogy;  Natural  history;  Na- 
ture; Nature  study;  Naval  art  and  science; 
Occult  sciences;  Paleontology;  Philosophy; 
Physical  geography;  Physics;  Psychology; 
Radioactivity;  Religion  and  science;  Scien- 
tific apparatus  and  instruments  ;  Scientificex- 
peditions;  Scientific  recreations;  Scientific 
research;  Scientific  societies;  Scientists; 
Sociology;  Technology;  Theology;  Weights 
and  measures;  Zoology 

Study  and  teaching 

See  also   Nature  study;  Technical  edu- 
cation; also  names  of  sciences 
Science  and  religion  see  Religion  and  science 
Science  and  the  Bible  see  Bible  and  science 
Scientific  apparatus  and  instruments 

See  also  Astronomical  instruments  ;  Chemi- 
cal apparatus;  Instruments;  Optical  instru- 
ments; also  names  of  instruments 
Scientific  associations  see  Scientific  societies 
Scientific   education   see  Science  —  Study   and 
tcacliing 

Scientific  expeditions 

See  also  Antarctic  regions;  Arctic  regions; 
Challenger  expedition;  also  names  of  coun- 
tries, subhead  Exploring  expeditions 

Scientific   instruments  see  Scientific  apparatus 
and  instruments 

Scientific  management 

See  also  Accounting;  Cost  accounting; 
Efficiency,  Industrial;  Executive  ability; 
Factory  management;  Foremen's  schools; 
Machine  shop  management ;  Railroads  — 
Management 


Refer  from  Centralization  of  schools  (s) ; 
Concentration  of  schools  (s) ;  Consolidation  of 
schools  (s) ;  Country  schools;  Public  schools; 
School  centralization  (s) 


Refer  from  Germans  in  Pennsylvania;  Sects 


Refer  from  Discoveries  (in  science)  (s) ; 
Knowledge;  Natural  history;  Natural  sci- 
ence (s) ;  Nature;  Philosophy 


Refer  from  Education,  Scientific  (s) ;  Scientif- 
ic education  (s) 


Refer  from  Instruments;  Philosophical  in- 
struments (s) ;  Physical  instruments  (s) ; 
Science;  Scientific  instruments  (s) 


Refer  from  Antarctic  regions;  Arctic  regions; 
Discoveries  and  explorations;  Expeditions, 
Scientific  (s) ;  Science;  Voyages  and  travels 


Refer  from  Business;  Efiicicnc}',  Industrial; 
Executive  ability;  Factory  management;  In- 
dustrial betterment;  Labor  and  laboring  class- 
es; Machine  shop  management;  Management 
of   factories,    shops,    etc.    (s) ;    Manufactures; 


32s 


Scientific  men  see  Scientists 

Scientific  recreations 

See  also  Mathematical  recreations 

Scientific  research 

See  also  Laboratories ;  Medical  research  ; 
Research 

Scientific  societies 

See  also  Botanical  societies;  Chemical 
societies;  Learned  societies 

Scientists 

See  also  Astronomers;  Botanists;  Chem- 
ists ;  Electricians  ;  Entomologists;  Geologists; 
Inventors;  Mathematicians;  Naturalists; 
Ornithologists ;  Zoologists 

Scores  (music)  see  Music — Scores,  and  refer- 
ences under  that  subject 

Scotch  ballads  see  Ballads,  Scottish 

Scotch  in  France 

Scotch  in  Ireland  see  Scotch-Irish 

Scotch-Irish 

Scotch-Irish  in  the  U.  S. 

Scotch  literature  see  Scottish  literature 

Scotch  plaids  see  Tartans 

Scottish  ballads  see  Ballads,  Scottish 

Scottish  borders  see  Borders  of  Scotland 

Scottish  clans  see  Clans 

Scottish  highlands  see  Highlands  of  Scotland 

Scottish     language     see     English     language  — 

Dialects —  Scottish;  Gaelic  language 
Scottish  literature 

See  also  Ballads,  Scottish;  English  litera- 
ture; Gaelic  literature;  Scottish  poetry 

Scottish  marches  see  Borders  of  Scotland 
Scottish  poetry 

See  also  Ballads,  Scottish;  English  poetry; 
Scottish  literature;  Songs,  Scottish 
Scottish    songs    see    Ballads'    Scottish;    Songs, 

Scottish 
Scouring  see  Cleaning;  Dyes  and  d\-eing 
Scouts  and  scouting 

See  also  Boy  scouts ;  Tracking 
Scrap-books  see  Scrapbooks 
Scrapbooks 

See  also  Clippings 
Screw-cutting  machines  see  Screw  machines 
Screw  machines 

See  also  Machine  tools;  Screws 

Screw  propellers  see  Propellers 
Screws 

See  also  Machine  design;  Screw  machines 

Scriptures  see  Bible 

Sculling  see  Rowing 

Sculptors 

See  also  Artists 

Sculpture 

See  also  Anatomy,  Artistic;  Art;  Bas- 
relief;  Bronzes;  Carving  (art  industries); 
Drawing;  Esthetics;  Ivory;  Marble;  Model- 
ing; Monuments;  Plaster  casts;  Proportion 
(art);  Sarcophagi;  Sculptors;  Statues 


Alills  and  millwork ;  Railroads  —  Management ; 
Shop  management  (s) ;  Works  management  (s) 


Refer  Jrovj  Amusements;  Science 
Refer  from  Research;  Science;  Stud}- 


Refer     from      Learned      societies;      Science; 
Scientific  associations  (s) ;  Societies 

Refer  from  Authors;  Biography;  Naturalists: 
Science;  Scientific  men  (s) 


Refer  fro  VI  Ireland;  Scotch  in  Ireland  (s) 
Refer  fro 771   Irish  in  the  L'.  S. ;  U.  S. —  For- 
eign population 


Refer  from    British    literature    (s) ;    English 
literature;     Scotch     literature     (s) ;     Scottish 

poetry 


Refer  from    Ballads,    Scottish;    British    poet- 
ry (s) ;  English  poetry;  Scottish  literature 


Refer  frovi  Military  art  and  science 
Refer  from  Clippings;  Scrap-books  (s) 


Refer    from     Machine     tools;     Machinery; 
Screw-cutting  machines  (s) ;  Screws 


Refer    from     Hardware;     Machine     design; 
Machinery;  Screw  machines 


Refer  from  Artists;  Sculpture 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Art;  Bas-relief; 
Carving  (art  industries);  Decoration  and 
ornament;  Esthetics;  Iconography  (s) ;  Model- 
ing; Monuments;  Plaster  casts;  Statues; 
Stonecutting 


326 


Scutage 

See  also  Feudalism 

Sea  see  Ocean 

Sea  bathing  see  Batlis  and  bathing 

Sea  coast  defense  see  Coast  defense 

Sea  fights  see  Naval  battles 

Sea  fisheries  see  Fisheries 

Sea  food 

See  also  Fish  as  food ;  Oysters 
Sea  kings  see  Northmen 
Sea  level 

See  also  Altitudes 
Sea  life  see  Marine  biology;  Seafaring  life 
Sea  mosses  see  Algae 
Sea  plants  see  Aquatic  plants 
Sea  power 

See    also    Disarmament;    Naval    art    and 

science;  Naval  history;  Navies;  Warships; 

also  names  of  countries,  subhead  Navy 


Sea  serpents 

See  also  Animals,  Mythical 

Sea  stories 

Sea  walls 

See  also  Embankments 

Sea  water 
Seafaring  life 

■  See  also  Sailors;  Sea  stories;  Whaling 


Seals  (animals) 

See  also  Carnivora;  Fisheries  —  Alaska 


Seals  (numismatics) 

See  also  Numismatics 


Seamanship  see  Navigation 

Seamen  see  Sailors 

Seamen's  missions  see  Missions  —  Seamen 

Search,  Right  of 

See  also  Maritime  law;  Neutrality 

Searchlights 
Seashore 

See     also     Algae;     Baths     and     bathing; 
Beaches;    Coast    changes;    Dunes;    Marine 
biology;  Marine  zoology;  Ocean 
Seasickness 


Seasons 

See     also     Autumn: 
Winter 


5pring: 


Su 


mmer; 


Seat  work  in  schools  see  Busy  work 

Seaweeds  see  Algae 

Secession 

See  also   Confederate   States  of  America; 

Federal    government;    Stale    rights;    U.    S. 

—  History  —  Civil  war 


Refer  from    Escuage    (s) ;    Feudalism;    Land 
tenure ;  Taxation 


Refer  from  Fish  as  food;  Food;  Ocean 
Refer  from  Altitudes;  Ocean 


Refer  from  Disarmament;  Dominion  of  the 
sea  (s) ;  International  relations;  Maritime 
power  (s) ;  Military  power  (s) ;  Naval  art  and 
science;  Naval  history;  Naval  power  (s) ; 
Navies 

Refer  from  Animals,  Mythical ;  Delusions  (s) ; 
Monsters 

Refer  from  Fiction;  Ocean;  Sailors;  Seafar- 
ing life 

Refer    from     Embankments;     Engineering; 
Hydraulic  engineering;  Ocean;  VValls 
Refer  from  Ocean;  Salt;  Water 

Refer  from  Adventure;  Marine  life  (s) ; 
Ocean  life  (s) ;  Sailors ;  Sea  life  (s) ;  Voyages  and 
travels 

Refer  from  Carnivora  ;  Fisheries  ;  Fisheries  — 
Alaska;  Fur-bearing  animals;  Fur  seals  (s) ; 
Mammals;  Marine  zoology 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Heraldry;  In- 
scriptions; Intaglios;  Numismatics;  Sigillog- 
raphy  (s) ;  Signets  (s) ;  Sphragistics  (s) 


Refer  from  International  law;  Maritime  law; 
Neutrality;  Privateering;  Right  of  search    (s) 
Refer  from  Electric  lighting 

Refer  from  Beaches;  Marine  zoology; 
Ocean;  Physical  geography;  Shore  (s) 

Refer  from  Medicine  —  Practice;  Naval 
hygiene;  Ocean;  Ocean  travel 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Autumn;  Climate; 
Earth;  Meteorology;  Months;  Nature;  Spring; 
Summer;  Winter;  Year 


Refer  from  Federal  government;  Govern- 
ment; State  rights;  U.  S. —  Constitution; 
U.  S. —  History  —  Civil  war 


327 


Second  advent 

See  also  Christadeiphians ;  Eschatology; 
Jesus  Christ;  Judgment  day;  Millennium; 
Second  adventists 

Second  adventists 

Second  sight 

See  also  Clair\'oyance 

Secondary  batteries  see  Storage  batteries 
Secondary  education  see  Education,  Secondary 
Secondary  planets  see  Satellites 
Secondary    schools    see    Academies    (schools) ; 

Education,  Secondary;  High  schools 
Secret  chambers 

Secret  service 

See  also  Detectives 

Secret  societies 

See  also  Benefit  societies;  Boxers;  Camor- 
ra ;  Carbonari;  Fenians  (society);  Fraterni- 
ties, College;  Fraternities,  High  school; 
Freemasons;  Grange;  Hazing;  Ku-Klux 
Klan;  Mafia;  Malta,  Knights  of;  Nihilism; 
Odd  Fellows;  Rosicrucians ;  Templars 

Secret  writing  see  Ciphers 

Sectionalism 


Sects 

See  also  Anabaptists;  Baptists;  Brown- 
ists ;  Catholic  apostolic  church;  Catholic 
church  ;  Christadeiphians ;  Christian  science  ; 
Christian  union;  Church  of  England; 
Church  of  Scotland;  Congregationalism; 
Disciples  of  Christ;  Dissenters;  Dukhobors; 
Flagellants;  Friends,  Society  of;  German 
Baptist  brethren;  Harmonists;  Huguenots; 
Hussites;  Labadists;  Lollards;  Lutheran 
church  ;  Mennonites  ;  Methodist  Episcopal 
church;  Moravians;  Mormons  and  Alormon- 
ism;  Nestorians;  New  Jerusalem  church; 
Plymouth  brethren  ;  Presbyterianism  ;  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  church  in  the  U.  S. ;  Reformed 
church  in  America;  Salvation  army;  Sande- 
manians ;  Schwenkfelders  ;  Second  adventists; 
Separatist  society  of  Zoar;  Seventh-day 
Baptists;  Shakers;  Unitarianism ;  United 
brethren  in  Christ;  L'niversalism ;  Wal- 
denses;  Wesleyan  Methodist  church 
Secularism 

See  also  Agnosticism;  L-tilitarianism 

Securities 

See  also  Bonds;  Investments;  Mortgages; 
Negotiable  instruments;  Stocks 


Sedan  campaign,  1870 

See  also  l'"ranco-Cjerman  war 
Sedimentary  rocks  see  Rocks 
Sedimentation  and  deposition 

See  also  Erosion  ;  Geology 


Refer  from  Advent;  Eschatology;  Jesus 
Christ;  Jesus  Christ  —  Second  advent  (s) ; 
Judgment  day;  Millennium;  Prophecies;  The- 
ology 

Refer  from  Adventists  (s)  ;  Millerites  (s) ; 
Second  advent;  Sects 

Refer  from  Divination;  Occult  sciences; 
Superstition 


Refer  from  Architecture;  P'ngland  — -  Historic 
houses ;  Priests'  holes  (s) 

Refer  from    Detectives;    U.    S. —  History  — 
Civil  war;  U.  S. —  Secret  service  (s) 

Refer  from.    Benefit    societies;    Fraternities, 
College;  Societies 


Refer  from  Politics;  U.  S. —  Economic  con- 
ditions; U.  S. —  Politics;  U.  S. — •  Social  condi- 
tions 

Refer  from  Belief;  Christianity;  Church 
history;  Denominations,  Religious  (s) ;  Faith; 
Protestantism;  Religion;  Religions;  Religious 
denominations  (s) ;  Theology 


Refer  from  Ethics;  Free  thought;  Religion; 
Utilitarianism 

Refer  from  Bonds;  Capitalization  (fi- 
nance) (s) ;  Dividends  (s) ;  Finance;  Invest- 
ments; Loans;  Mortgages;  Negotiable  in- 
struments; Promoting;  Stocks 

Refer  from  Franco-German  war 


Refer  from    Deposition    (geology)    (s) ;    Ero- 
sion ;  Geology 


328 


Sedition  act,  1798,  see  Alien  and  sedition  laws, 

1798 
Seedlings 
Seeds 

See  also  Botany  — ■  Embryology;  Germina- 
tion 

Adulteration  and  inspection 

Dispersal 

Distribution 

Inspection,  see  Seeds  ■ —  Adulteration  and 

inspection 
Selection  and  testing 

See      also      Seeds  —  Adulteration      and 
inspection 
Seismology  see  Earthquakes;  Volcanoes 
Selection,  Natural,  see  Natural  selection 
Self-control 

Self-culture 

See  also  Books  and  reading;  Conversation; 
Correspondence  schools  and  courses;  Educa- 
tion; Etiquet;  Mental  discipline;  Study; 
Study  clubs;  University  extension 

Self-denial 

Self-education  see  Self-culture 

Self-government  see  Democracy;  Home  rule; 
Local  government;  Representative  govern- 
ment and  representation 

Self-government  (in  education) 

See  also  School  city;  Self-control 


Self-help    see    Conduct    of    life;    Self-culture; 

Self-reliance;  Success 
Self-inductance  see  Inductance 
Self-made  men  see  Success 
Self-reliance 
Self-respect 
Selfishness 

See  also  Egoism;  Hedonism 

Selling  see  Sale;  Salesmanship 
Seminary  method 

See  also  Research 

Semites  see  Semitic  race 
Semitic  languages 

See   also   Arabic   language;    Assyrian   lan- 
guage ;  Hebrew  language  ;  Oriental  languages 

Semitic  race 

See  also  Arabs ;  Jews 

Senate    see    under     names    of    countries    and 

states 
Senators 

U.  S. 

• — Election 

Sensation  see  Senses  and  sensation 


Refer  from  Botany;  Gardening;  Plants 

Refer  from  Botany;  Botany — Embryology; 
Botany,  Structural ;  Germination;  Plant  prop- 
agation ;  Plants 

Refer  from  Adulterations;  Seeds  —  Inspec- 
tion (s) ;  Seeds  —  Selection  and  testing 

Refer  from  Ecology;  Geographical  distribu- 
tion of  animals  and  plants 

Refer  from  Distribution  of  seed  by  the 
government  (s) ;  Free  seed  distribution  (s) 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Gardening;  Grain; 
Plant  breeding 


Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Self-government 
(in  education) 

Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Culture;  Educa- 
tion; Home  education;  Mental  discipline; 
Self-education  (s) ;  Self-help  (s) ;  Study; 
Young  men  ;  Young  women 

Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Ethics 


Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities;  Edu- 
cation; Honor  system  (s) ;  School  city; 
School  management;  Student  self-govern- 
ment (s) 


Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Self-help  (s) 
Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Ethics 

Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Egoism;  Ethics; 
Hedonism 


Refer   from    Education;    Research;    Study; 
Teaching 


Refer  from  Arabic  language;  Assyrian  lan- 
guage; Hebrew  language;  Language;  Oriental 
languages 

Refer  from  Arabs;  Ethnology;  Jews;  Sem- 
ites (s) 


Refer  from  Statesmen 

Refer  from  U.  S. —  Congress;  U.  S. —  Senate 
Refer    from     IClections  —  U.     S. ;     Popular 
election  of  senators  (s) 


329 


Senses  and  sensation 

See  also  Color  sehse ;  Hearing;  Light; 
Muscular  sense;  Pain;  Perception;  Psy- 
cholog}' ;  Psychology,  Physiological;  Re- 
action time;  Sight;  Smell;  Sound;  Space 
perception;  Taste  (sense);  Touch 

Sentence,  Indeterminate,  see  Indeterminate 
sentence 

Separatist  society  of  Zoar 

Separatists  see  Separatist  society  of  Zoar 

Separators,  Cream,  see  Cream  separators 

Sepia  painting 

Sepoy  rebellion,  see  Indian  mutiny,  1857-1858 

Sepulchers  see  Tombs 

Sepulture  see  Burial 

Seraglio  see  Harem 

Serfdom 

See  also  Feudalism;  Peonage;  Russia  — 
History;  Slavery;  Villeinage 

Sericulture  see  Silkworms 

Sermon  on  the  mount 

See  also  Beatitudes;  Bible  —  New  Testa- 
ment —  Matthew 

Sermons 

See  also  Children's  sermons;  College 
sermons;  Funeral  sermons;  Preaching 

Illustrative  helps,  j-^-i?  Anecdotes,  Religious 

Outlines 

Serpent  worship 


Serpents  see  Snakes 

Serum  therapy 

See  also  Antitoxins;  Immunity;  Inocula- 
tion 

Servants 

See  also  Employment  agencies  ;  Indentured 
servants;  Livery;  Master  and  servant; 
Tipping;  Waiters 

Service-books  see  Liturgies 

Settlements  see  Social  settlements 

Seven  wonders  of  the  world 

Seven  years'  war,  1756-1763 

See  also  Europe  —  History —  1492-1789; 
French  and  Indian  war;  Germany — ^  His- 
tory — •  1740-1815  ;  Prussia  —  History 


Seventeen-year  locusts  see  Cicadas 
Seventeenth  century 

See  also  English  literature  — ■  History  and 
criticism —  17th  century;   History,   Modern 
Seventh-day  Baptists 

See  also  German  Baptist  brethren 

Sewage 

See  also  Filters  and  filtration;  Sewerage;. 
Water  pollution 


Sewerage 

See  also  Plumbing;  Sanitary  engineering; 
Sewage;  also  names  of  cities,  subhead  Sewer- 
age 


Refer  from  Consciousness;  Hearing;  In- 
tellect; Perception;  Psychology;  Psychology, 
Physiological;  Sensation  (s) ;  Sight;  Smell; 
Space  perception;  Taste  (sense);  Touch 


Refer    from     Separatists     (s) ;     Sects;     Zoar 
community  (s) ;  Zoarites  (s) 


Refer  from  Painting 


Refer  from    Feudalism;   Government;    Slav- 
ery ;  Villeinage 


Refer  from  Beatitudes;  Bible;  Bible — New 
Testament  —  Matthew;  Jesus  Christ  —  Teach- 
ing 

Refer  from  Homiletics  (s) ;  Homilies  (s) ; 
Literature;  Preaching;  Religion;  Theology 


Refer  from  Animal  worship;  Animism; 
Indians — Religion;  Nature  worship;  Snake 
worship  (s) ;  Snakes;  Worship 


Refer  from  Antitoxins;  Immunity;  Inocula- 
tion; Organotherapy;  Therapeutics 

Refer  from  Domestic  service  (s) ;  Domes- 
tics (s) ;  Home  economics  ;  Housemaids  (s) ; 
Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Master  and  serv- 
ant; Waiters 

Refer  from  History,  Ancient ;  Wonders  of  the 
world  (s) 

Refer  from  Austria  —  History;  England — 
History —  1714-1837;  Europe  —  History  — 
1492-1789;  France  —  History  —  Bourbons; 
French  and  Indian  war;  Germany — History 
—  1740-1815;  Prussia — ^  History;  Sweden  — 
History 


Refer  from  Europe —  History —  1492-1789; 
History,  Modern 

Refer  from  Baptists;  Sabbatarians  (s) ; 
Sects 

Refer  from  Hygiene,  Public;  Refuse  and 
refuse  disposal;  Sanitary  chemistry;  Sanitary 
engineering;  Sanitation;  Sewerage;  Waste, 
Disposal  of  (s) ;  Water  pollution 

Refer  from  Drainage;  House  drainage  (s) ; 
Municipal  engineering;  Sanitary  engineering; 
Sanitation;  Sewage;  Sewers  (s) 


330 


Sewers  see  Sewerage 
Sewing  see  Needlework 
Sewing  machines 
Sewing  schools 

See  also  Needlework 
Sex 

See      also     Hermaphroditism;    Marriage; 
Puberty;  Sexual  ethics 
Sex  worship  see  Phallicism 
Sextant 

See   also   Astronomical    instruments;    Sur- 
veying instruments 
Sexual  ethics 

See  also  Adultery;  Chastity;  Illegitimacy; 
IMarriage;  Prostitution 

Shades  and  shadows 

See  also  Geometrj-,   Descriptive;  Perspec- 
tive 
Shadow  pantomimes 


Shadows  see  Shades  and  shadows 
Shaft  sinking 

See  also  Boring;  Mining  engineering 

Shafting 

See    also     Belting;     Power    transmission; 
Pulleys 
Shakers 

Shakespeare,  William 

[These  subheads  may  be  used  for  other 
authors  as  needed] 

Actors,  see  Shakespeare  —  Stage  presenta- 
tion 

Animal    lore,    see    Shakespeare  —  Natural 

history 

Authorship 


-Bacon-Shakespeare  controversy,  see  Shake- 
speare —  Authorship 

-Biblical  knowledge,  see  Shakespeare  — 
Learning;  Shakespeare — Religion  and 
ethics 

-Bibliography 

-Biography 

-Botanical  knowledge,  see  Shakespeare  — 
Natural  history 

-Celebrations 

-Characters 

See  also  Shakespeare  —  Stage  presenta- 


-Chronology 

-Clubs,  see  Shakespeare  —  Societies 

-Collier  controversy,  see  Shakespeare  — 
I'extual  criticism 

-Commemorations,  see  Shakespeare  — - 
Celebrations 

-Commentaries,  see  Shakespeare  —  Criti- 
cism 

-Concordances 


Refer  from  Alachlnery;  Needlework 

Refer  from  Needlework;  Schools 

Refer  from  Biology;  Man;  Marriage;  Physi- 
ology ;  Women 

Refer  from  Astronomical  instruments;  Sur- 
veying instruments 

Refer  from  Adultery;  Ethics;  Ethics,  Sex- 
ual (s) ;  Marriage;  Prostitution;  Sex;  Social 
purity  (s) 

Refer  from  Drawing;  Geometry,  Descriptive; 
Perspective;  Shadows  (s) 

Refer  from  Amateur  theatricals;  Chinese 
shadows  (s) ;  Gallanty  shows  (s) ;  Pantomime; 
Puppet  plays 


Refer  from  Boring;  Mines  and  mineral  re- 
sources; Mining  engineering 

Refer  from  Belting;  Machinery;  Power 
transmission;  Pulleys 

Refer  from  Communism;  Millennial 
church  (s) ;  Sects;  Socialism;  United  society  of 
believers  (s) 


Refer  from  Bacon-Shakespeare  controver- 
sy (s) ;  Shakespeare  —  Bacon-Shakespeare  con- 
troversy (s) ;  Shakespeare-Bacon  contro- 
versy (s) 


Refer  from  Shakespeare — ^  Editions  (s) 


Refer    from     Shakespeare 
tions  (s) 


Commcmora- 


Refer  from  Shakespeare — Fools  (s) ;  Sliake- 
speare — Heroines  (s) ;  Shakespeare  —  Wo- 
men (s) 


Refer  from  Shakespeare  —  Indexes  (s) 


2,3'!^ 


Shakespeare,  William  —  Continued 
Contemporary  England 


-Criticism  [including  commentaries  without 
text;  criticism  of  a  single  play  follows 
its  text] 
See  also  Shakespeare  —  Textual  criticism 

-Cyclopedias,    see    Shakespeare  —  Diction- 
aries 

-Dictionaries 

-Editions,  see  Shakespeare — Bibliography 

-England  in  Shakespeare's  time,  see  Shake- 
speare —  Contemporary  England 

-Environment,      see      Shakespeare  —  Con- 
temporary England 

-Ethics,    see    Shakespeare  —  Religion    and 
ethics 

-Fiction  [about] 

-Folklore  and  mythology 


-Fools,  see  Shakespeare 
-Forgeries 


Characters 


-Grammar,    see    Shakespeare  —  Language, 
pronunciation  and  versification 

-Heroines,  see  Shakespeare  —  Characters 

-Home 

See  also  Stratford-upon-Avon 

-Humor 

-Illustrations 

-Indexes,  see  Shakespeare  —  Concordances 
-Ireland  forgeries,  see  Shakespeare  —  For- 
geries 
-Knowledge,  see  Shakespeare  —  Learning 
-Language,  pronunciation  and  versification 


-Learning 

See  also  Shakespeare — Folklore  and 
mythology;  Shakespeare — Natural  his- 
tory; Shakespeare  —  Sources 


-Legal      knowledge,      see      Shakespeare  — 

Learning 
-Medical     knowledge,    see    Shakespeare  — 

Learning 
-Miscellaneous 
-Monuments 
-Music 
-Mythology,    see    Shakespeare  —  Folklore 

and  mythology 
-Name 
-Natural  history 


-Periodicals 
-Philosophy 

See    also    Shakespeare 
ethics 


Refer  from  Elizabethan  age  (s) ;  England  — 
History — Elizabethan  period;  England  — 
Social  life  and  customs;  Shakespeare  —  Eng- 
land in  Shakespeare's  time  (s) ;  Shakespeare 
—  Environment  (s) 


Refer  from  Shakespeare  —  Commentaries  (s) 
Refer  from  Shakespeare  —  Cyclopedias  (s) 


Refer  from  Shakespeare  —  Learning;  Shake- 
speare —  Mythology  (s) 

Refer  from  Literary  forgeries  and  mystifica- 
tions;  Shakespeare  —  Ireland  forgeries  (s) 


Refer  from  Stratford-upon-Avon 

Refer  from  Shakespeare  —  Wit  and  humor  (s) 

Refer  from  Shakespeare  —  Pictures  (s) 


Refer  from  Shakespeare  —  Grammar  (s) ; 
Shakespeare — Pronunciation  (s) ;  Shakespeare 

—  Rhetoric  (s) ;  Shakespeare  — ■  Textual  criti- 
cism; Shakespeare  —  Versification  (s) 

Refer  from  Shakespeare  —  Biblical  knowl- 
edge (s) ;  Shakespeare — Knowledge  (s) ; 
Shakespeare  —  Legal  knowledge  (s) ;  Shake- 
speare —  Medical  knowledge  (s) ;  Shakespeare 

—  Sources 


Refer  from  Shakespeare  —  Animal  lore  (s) ; 
Shakespeare — Botanical  knowledge  (s) ; 
Shakespeare  —  Learning ;  Shakespeare  — 

Plant  lore  (s) 


Religion    and 


332 


Shakespeare,  William  —  Continued 

Pictures,  see  Shakespeare —  Illustrations; 

Shakespeare  —  Portraits 
Plant     lore,     see     Shakespeare  —  Natural 

history 
Plots 

See  also  Shakespeare  —  Sources 

Poetry  [about] 

Portraits 

Pronunciation,     see     Shakespeare  —  Lan- 
guage, pronunciation  and  versification 
Religion  and  ethics 


Rhetoric,     see     Shakespeare — Language, 

pronunciation  and  versification 

Societies 

Sources 

See     also  Shakespeare — -Learning; 

Shakespeare  —  Plots 

Stage  presentation 

Stories 

Study  and  teaching 

Tales  from  Shakespeare,  see  Shakespeare  — 

Stories 
Textual  criticism 

See  also  Shakespeare  —  Language,  pro- 
nunciation and  versification 
Theology,  see  Shakespeare —  Religion  and 

ethics 
Versification,  see  Shakespeare  —  Language, 

pronunciation  and  versification 

Wit  and  humor,  see  Shakespeare  —  Humor 

Women,  see  Shakespeare  —  Characters 

Shakespeare-Bacon     controversy     see     Shake- 
speare —  Authorship 
Shawls 

Shay's  rebellion,  1786-1787 

See  also  Massachusetts  —  History 
Sheep 

See  also  Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs;  Live 
stock;  Lngulata;  Veterinary  medicine;  Wool 
Sheet-metal  work 

See    also     Brass;     Copper;     Dies;     Metal 
work;     Punching     machinery;     Tin;     Tin- 
smithing;  Zinc 
Shell  money 

See  also  Wampum 
Shell  mounds  see  Kitchen  middens 
Shells  (conchology)  see  MoUusks 
Shells  (expilosives)  see  Projectiles 
Shellwork 
Shelving  (for  books) 


Sheriffs 

See  also  Arrest 
Shinto 

See  also   Ancestor  worship  ;  Japan  —  Re- 
ligion 


Refer    from     Plots      (drama,     novel,     etc.); 
Shakespeare  —  Sources 

Refer  from  Shakespeare  —  Pictures  (s) 


Refer  from  Shakespeare — Biblical  knowl- 
edge (s) ;  Shakespeare — Ethics  (s) ;  Shake- 
speare —  Philosophy  ;  Shakespeare  —  The- 
ology (s) 


Refer  from  Shakespeare  —  Clubs  (s) 

Refer  from  Shakespeare  —  Learning;  Shake- 
speare —  Plots 

Refer  from  Shakespeare  —  Actors  (s) ;  Shake- 
speare —  Characters ;  Theater 

Refer  from  Shakespeare  —  Tales  from  Shake- 
speare (s) 


Refer    from     Shakespeare — Collier    contro- 
versy (s) ;  Shakespeare  —  Criticism 


Refer  from   Costume;   Textile   industry   and 
fabrics 

Refer  from  Massachusetts  —  History 

Refer  from   Domestic   animals;    Live   stock; 
Ungulata;  Veterinary  medicine;  Wool 

Refer  from    Dies;    Machine    shop    practice; 
Metal  work;  Tinsmithing 


Refer  from  Indians;  Money;  Wampum 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts 

^^/fr/rom  Book  shelves  (s) ;  Book  stacks  (s) ; 
Bookcases  (s) ;  Books  ;  Libraries  ;  Library  archi- 
tecture; Library  fittings  and  supplies;  Stacks 
(for  books)  (s) 

Refer  from  Arrest;  County  oflicers;  Law 

Refer  from.  Ancestor  worship;  Japan  —  Re- 
ligion ;  Religions 


ii5 


Ship-building  see  Shipbuilding 
Ship  canals 

See  also  Panama  canal 

Ship  fever  see  Typlius  fever 

Ship  railroads 

Ship  subsidies  see  Subsidies 

Shipbuilding 

See  also  Armored  vessels;  Boats  and  boat- 
ing ;  Bulkheads  ;  Launching  ;  Marine  engines  ; 
Motor  boats  ;  Propellers  ;  Ships  ;  Steamboats  ; 
Submarine  boats;  Torpedo  boats;  War- 
ships ;  Yachts  and  yachting 

Shipping 

See  also  Carriers;  Commerce;  Maritime 
law;  Salvage;  Shipbuilding;  Ships;  Steam- 
boats; Subsidies;  Transportation 

U.  S. 

Shipping  subsidies  see  Subsidies 

Shippo  see  Cloisonne 

Ships 

See  also  Anchors ;  Armored  vessels ;  Boats 

and  boating;  Galleys;  Ice-breaking  vessels; 

Launching;  Naval  art  and  science;  Navies; 

Navigation;     Propellers;     Sailing;     Sailors; 

Sails;   Shipbuilding;  Shipping;  Shipwrecks; 

Steam  navigation;   Steamboats;   Submarine 

boats;    Torpedo    boats;    Warships;    Yachts 

and  yachting 
Shipwrecks 

See    also    Castaways;    Collisions    at    sea; 

Life-saving;  Lifeboats;  Salvage;  Wrecking 

Shoemakers 

Shoes  see  Boots  and  shoes 

Shooting 

See  also  Archery;  Ballistics;  Firearms; 
Game;  Game  birds;  Gunnery;  Guns;  Hunt- 
ing; Rifie  practice;  Rifles;  Sports;  Target 
practice 

Shooting  stars  see  Meteors 

Shop  management  see  Machine  shop  manage- 
ment; Scientific  management 

Shop  practice  see  Machine  shop  practice 

Shop  window  decoration  see  Window  dressing 

Shoplifting  see  Larceny 

Shops  see  Machine  shops  ;  Railroads  —  Shops 

Shore  see  Seashore 

Shoring  and  underpinning 

See  also  Building;  Foundations 

Short  ballot  see  Ballot 
Short-sightedness  see  Myopia 
Short  stories 

See  also  Fiction 

Shorthand 

See  also  Abbreviations;  Writing 


Shot-guns  see  Shotguns 
Shotguns 


Refer  from  Canals;  Interoceanic  canals  (s) ; 
Panama  canal 

Refer  from  Railroads 


Refer  from  Architecture,  Naval  (s) ;  Boat 
building  (s) ;  Bulkheads;  Industrial  arts; 
Marine  architecture  (s) ;  Marine  engineering; 
Naval  architecture  (s) ;  Naval  art  and  science; 
Navigation  ;  Ship-building  (s) ;  Shipping ;  Ships  ; 
Steamboats;  Vessels  (s) 

Refer  from  Carriers;  Commerce;  Maritime 
law;  Mercantile  marine  (s) ;  Merchant  ma- 
rine (s) ;  Navigation;  Ships;  Steamboats; 
Transportation ;  Vessels  (s) 

Refer  from  U.  S. —  Commerce;  U.  S. — 
Merchant  marine  (s) ;  U.  S. —  Shipping  (s) 


Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Fleets  (s) ; 
Navigation;  Ocean;  Shipbuilding;  Shipping; 
Vessels  (s) 


Refer  from  Accidents;  Adventure;  Cast- 
aways ;  Collisions  at  sea  ;  Disasters  ;  Life-saving ; 
Navigation;  Ocean;  Ships;  Wrecks  (s) 

Refer  from  Biography;  Boots  and  shoes 


Refer  from  Ballistics;  Firearms;  Game; 
Game  birds;  Gunnery;  Gunning  (s) ;  Guns; 
Hunting;  Rifles;  Sports 


Refer  from  Building;  Foundations;  Scaffold- 
ing; Underpinning  (s) 


Refer  frotn  Authorship;  Fiction;  Literature; 
Stories  (s) 

Refer  from  Abbreviations;  Brachygraphy  (s) ; 
Business  education;  Phonography  (s);  Re- 
porting; Signs;  Stenograph)-  (s) ;  Tachyg- 
raphy  (s) ;  Takigraphy  (s) ;  Writing 

Refer  from    Firearms;    Guns;    Shot-guns  (s) 


334 


Show  cards 

Show  windows  see  Window  dressing 
Shrines 

See   also   Holy    wells;    Miracles;    Pilgrim- 
ages ;  Relics 

Shrubs 

See    also     Botany;    Gardening;    Hedges; 
Landscape  gardening;  Topiary  work;  Trees 
Siberia  —  Exiles 

Sicilian  vespers 

Sick,  The,  see  Invalids 
Sidereal  system  see  Stars 
Sidewalks 

See  also  Pavements 
Sieges 

See   also    Battles;    Fortification;    Military 
art  and  science;  Mines,  Military 
Sight 

See  also  Astigmatism;  Blind;  Color  blind- 
ness;   Color   sense;    Eye;    Myopia;    Optical 
illusions;  Senses  and  sensation;  Spectacles 
Sight  reading 

See  also  Tonic  sol-fa 

Sigillography  see  Seals  (numismatics) 
Sign  boards  see  Sign  painting;  Signs 
Sign  language 

See  also  Ciphers;  Deaf  and  dumb;  Panto- 
mime 
Sign  painting 

See  also  Lettering;  Painting,  Mechanical; 
Signs 

Signals ' 

See  also  Beacons  ;  Bugle  calls  ;  Fire  alarms ; 

Flags;     Fog    signals;     Railroads  —  Signals; 

Telegraph;  Wireless  telegraphy 
Signatures  see  Autographs 
Signboards  see  Sign  painting;  Signs 
Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  independence  see 

Declaration  of  independence  —  Signers 
Signets  see  Seals  (numismatics) 
Signs 

See  also  Shorthand;   Sign  language;   Sign 

painting;  Signals 

Signs  (omens)  see  Omens 
Sikhs 

See  also  India  —  History 

Silage  see  Ensilage 

Silhouettes 

Silk 

See  also  Silkworms;  Textile  industry   and 
fabrics 
Silkworms 

Silos  see  Ensilage 

Silurian    period    see   Geology,    Stratigraphic  — 

Silurian;  Paleontology  —  Silurian 
Silver 

See  also  Cyanide  process;  Precious  metals  ; 

Silver  (as  money);  Silver  mines  and  mining; 

Silversmithing;  Silverware 


Refer  jrom  Advertising 


Refer  from  Catholic  church  ;  Christian  antiq- 
uities ;  Church  furniture;  Holy  wells;  Miracles; 
Pilgrimages;  Relics;  Saints 

Refer  from  Botany;  Gardening;  Hedges; 
Landscape  gardening;  Plants 

Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals — Russia; 
Exile;  Penal  colonies;  Prisons  —  Russia 

Refer  from  Massacres;  Sicily  —  History 


Refer  from  Pavements;  Roads;  Streets 

Refer  from  Battles;  History;  Military  art 
and  science;  Military  history;  War 

Refer  from  Eye;  Light;  Optics,  Physi- 
ological (s) ;  Perception;  Senses  and  sensation; 
Vision  (s) 

Refer  from  Music;  Music —  Instruction  and 
study;  Singing  and  voice  culture 


Refer  from  Deaf  and  dumb;  Gesture;  Lan- 
guage; Signs 

Refer  from  Advertising;  Lettering;  Painting, 
Mechanical;  Sign  boards  (s) ;  Signboards  (s,  ; 
Signs 

Refer  from  Collisions  at  sea;  Flags;  Military 
art  and  science;  Naval  art  and  science;  Navi- 
gation ;  Signs 


Refer  from  Advertising;  Business;  Municipal 
improvement;  Sign  boards  (s) ;  Sign  painting; 
Signboards  (s) 


Refer  from    Ind 
gion  ;  Religions 


History;    India  —  Reli- 

Refer from  Art;  Drawing 

Refer  from  Animal  products;  Fibers;  Textile 
Industry  and  fabrics;  Yarn 

Refer  from  Cocoons;  Moths;  Sericulture  (s) ; 
Silk 

Refer  from  Precious  metals 


as 


Silver  (as  money) 

See  also  Bimetallism;  Coinage;  Money 


Silver  mines  and  mining 

Silver-plating  see  Electroplating;  Plating 
Silv^er  question  see  Money  —  U.  S. ;  Silver  (as 

money) 
Silverplating  see  Electroplating;  Plating 
Silversmithing 

See    also    Arts    and    crafts;    Hall    marks; 

Jewelry;   Metal   coloring;  Plate;  Silverware 

Silverware 

See  also  Hall  marks;  Plate;  Silversmithing 

Silviculture  see  Forests  and  forestry;  Trees 

Simony 

Simple  life 

See  also  Country  life;  Leisure 
Simplified  spelling  see  Spelling  reform 
Sin 

See  also  Absolution;  Christian  ethics; 
Confession  ;  Crime  and  criminals  ;  Depravity ; 
Evil;  Fall  of  man;  Future  punishment; 
Predestination;  Repentance;  Salvation; 
Temptation 
Sincerity 

See  also  Honesty;  Truth 
Singers 

See  also  Musicians 


Singing  and  voice  culture 

See    also    Breathing;    Chanting;    Choirs; 
Choral  societies;  Music;  Musical  accompani- 
ment;   School    music;    Sight    reading;    Sing- 
ers; Songs;  Tonic  sol-fa;  Voice 
Singing  societies  see  Choral  societies 
Single  rail  see  Railroads  —  Single  rail 
Single  tax 

See  also  Land  nationalization;  Land  ten- 
ure; Physiocrats 

Sinking  funds 

Sirups  see  Syrups 

Sisterhoods 

See  also  Carmelites;  Convents  and  nun- 
neries; Deaconesses;  Nuns;  Religious  or- 
ders; Sisters  of  charity;  Ursullncs 


Sisters  of  charity 

Six  nations  see  Iroquois  Indians 
Sixteenth  century 

See  also  History,  Modern 

Skat 

See  also  Cards 
Skating 

See  also  Roller-skating;  Winter  sports 


Refer  from  Bimetallism  ;  Campaign  literature; 
Coinage  ;  Demonetization  of  silver  (s)  ;  Finance  ; 
Free  coinage  of  silver  (s) ;  Money;  Resumption 
of  specie  payment  (s) ;  Silver;  Silver  ques- 
tion (s) ;  Specie  (s) ;  Specie    payment  (s) 

Refer  from  Mines  and  mineral  resources; 
Silver 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Jewelry;  Metal 
coloring;  Metal  work;  Plate;  Silver;  Silverware 


Refer  from   Hall    marks;    Plate;   Silver;   Sil- 
versmithing 

Refer  from  Church  discipline;  Church  law 

Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Country  life 


Refer  from  Christian  ethics;  Confession; 
Depravity;  Ethics;  Evil;  Fall  of  man;  Original 
sin  (s) ;  Religion;  Temptation;  Theology; 
Total  depravity  (s) 


Refer  from  Ethics;  Honesty;  Truth 

Refer  from  Musicians;  Prima  donnas  (s) ; 
Singing  and  voice  culture;  Vocalists  (s) ; 
Women 

Refer  from  Breathing;  Chanting;  Choirs; 
Elocution;  Music;  Music — Instruction  and 
study;  Songs;  Vocal  culture  (s) ;  Vocal 
music  (s) ;  Voice;  Voice  culture  (s) 


Refer  from  Betterments  (s) ;  Land;  Land 
nationalization;  Land  tenure;  Real  estate; 
Taxation 

Refer  from  Debts,  Public;  Finance;  Funds  (s) 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Charities; 
Church  history;  Church  of  England;  Church 
polity  ;  Monastlcism  ;  Nuns  ;  Protestant  I'',pIsco- 
pal  church  in  the  U.  S.  ;  Religious  orders; 
Women 

Refer  from  Charities;  Charity,  Sisters  of  (s)  ; 
Nuns;  Nurses  and  nursing;  Sisterhoods 


Refer  from  Europe  —  History  —  1492-1789; 
History,  Modern 

Refer  from  Cards 


Refer    from     Athletics;     Ice;     Locomotion; 
Sports;  Winter  sports 


336 


Skees  and  skee-running 

See  also  \\  inter  sports 

Skeleton 

See  also  Anatomy;  Anatomy,  Compara- 
ti\"e ;  Bones;  Skull;  Spine 

Skepticism 

See  also  Agnosticism;  Atheism;  Deism; 
Free  thought;  Materialism;  Pantheism; 
Rationalism 

Sketching  see  Drawing;  Painting 
Skiagraphs  see  Radiography 
Skiing  see  Skees  and  skee-running 
Skin 

See  also  Anatomy;  Color  of  man;  Skin 
grafting;  Smallpox 

Diseases 

See  also  Lepros}';  Pellagra 

Skin  grafting 

Skins  see  Hides  and  skins 

Skipjacks 

Skis  see  Skees  and  skee-running 

Skull 

See    also    Brain;     Head;    Skeleton;    Tre- 
phining 
Sky  see  Astronomy;  Meteorology 
Sk\'-scrapers  see  High  buildings 
Skylights 

Skyscrapers  see  High  buildings 
Slag 

See^  also  Blast  furnaces;  Cement 

Slander  see  Libel  and  slander 
Slang 

See  also  Americanisms;  Briticisms 

Slate 

Slate  writing  see  Spiritualism 
Slaughtering  and  slaughterhouses 

^V^'  also  Meat;  Meat  inspection;  Packing 
industry 

Slave  trade 

See  also  Kidnapping;  Slavery 

Slavery 

See  also  Africa  —  Colonization;  Freed- 
men ;  Galleys;  Indentured  servants;  Ne- 
groes; Peonage;  Redemptioners ;  Serfdom; 
Slave  trade 

Slavery  in  the  U.  S. 

See  also  Abolitionists;  Free  soil  party; 
Freedmen;  Fugitive  slaves;  Kansas  —  His- 
tory; Kansas-Nebraska  bill;  Mason  and 
Dixon's  line;  Missouri  compromise;  Ne- 
groes; Southern  states;  Underground  rail- 
road (sla\cry) 
Slavic  languages 

See  also  Aryan  languages;  Bohemian 
language;  Polish  language;  Russian  lan- 
guage 


Refer   from    Skiing    (s) ;    Skis    (s) ;    Sports; 
Winter  sports 

Refer  from  Anatomy;    Anatomy,    Compara- 
tive ;  Anthropology ;  Bones;  Skull;  Spine 


Refer  from  Agnosticism;  Atheism;  Belief; 
Deism;  Doubt  (s) ;  Faith;  Free  thought; 
Infidelity  (s) ;  Philosophy;  Religion;  Scepti- 
cism (s) ;  Theology;  Unbelief  (s) 


Refer  from  Absorption  (physiology) ;  Anat- 
omy;  Beauty,  Personal;  Dermatology  (s) ; 
Pigmentation  (s) 

Refer  from  Cutaneous  diseases  (s) ;  Medicine 
—  Practice 

Refer  from  Skin;  Surgery 

Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Sailing 


Refer  from   Bones;   Craniology   (s) ;   Ethnol- 
ogy; Head;  Skeleton 


Refer  from  Building;  Roofs;  Windows 


Refer  from    Blast    furnaces;    Iron;    Metals; 
Waste  products 


Refer    from    Argot     (s) ;     Dialects;     English 
language;  Language;  Alanners  and  customs 
Refer  from  Building  stones;  Rocks;  Roofs 


Refer  from  Abattoirs  (s) ;  Butchering  (s) ; 
Hygiene,  Public;  Markets;  Meat;  Meat  in- 
spection; Packing  industry 

^c/zr/roOT  African  slave  trade  (s) ;  Kidnap- 
ping; Negroes;  Slavery 

Refer  from  Abolition  of  slavery  (s) ;  Anti- 
slavery  (s) ;  Emancipation  (s) ;  Ethics;  Freed- 
men; Freedom  (s) ;  Government;  History; 
Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Liberty;  Negroes; 
Serfdom;  Slave  trade;  Sociology 

Refer  from  Abolition  of  slavery  (s) ;  Aboli- 
tionists; Free  soil  party;  Negroes;  Southern 
states;  U.  S. —  History;  U.  S. —  History — 
Civil  war;  U.  S. —  Slavery  (s) 


Refer    from     Aryan     languages;     Bohemian 
language;  Polish  language;  Russian  language 


337 


Slavic  literature 

See     also     Bohemian     literature;     Polish 
literature;  Russian  literature 
Slavic  mythology  see  Mythology,  Slavic 
Slavic  race  see  Slavs 
Slavonic  see  Slavic 
Slavs 

See    also    Aryans;    Czechs;    Ethnology  — 
Russia;  Panslavism;  Poles  (Polanders) 

Slavs  in  the  U.  S. 

See  also   Bohemians   in   the   U.    S. ;   Poles 
in  the  U.  S. ;  Russians  in  the  U.  S. 

Sleep 

See  also  Dreams;  Hypnotism;  Insomnia; 
Nightmare;    Somnambulism;    Subconscious- 
ness 
Sleep-walking  see  Somnambulism 
Sleeping  cars 
Sleeping  sickness 

See  also  Tsetse  flies 


Sleeplessness  see  Insomnia 
Sleepwalking  see  Somnambulism 
Sleight  of  hand  see  Conjuring 
Slide  rule 


Slide  valves  see  Valves  and  valve  gears 

Slojd  see  Manual  training;  Woodwork 

Sloth  see  Idleness 

Sloyd  see  Manual  training;  Woodwork 

Slumber  songs  see  Lullabies 

Slums ' 

See  also  Poor;  Tenement  houses 

Small  arms  see  Firearms 
Small  fruit  see  Berries  ;  Fruit 
Smallpox 

See  also  Inoculation;  \'accination ;  Vario- 
loid 


Smell 

See  also  Nose;  Senses  and  sensation 

Smelting 

See  also  Blast  furnaces ;  Electrometallurgy  ; 
Furnaces;  Metallurgy;  Ore  treatment 
Smoke 

See    also    Fuel;    Fumigation;    Mechanical 
draft 


Smokeless  powder  see  Gunpowder 

Smoking 

See  also  Cigarettes;  Cigars;  Pipes,  To- 
bacco; Tobacco;  Tobacco — Physiological 
effects 

Smuggling 

Snake  dance 

See  also  Indians  —  Dances 
Snake  venom  see  Venom 


Refer  from  Bohemian  literature;  Literature; 
Polish  literature;  Russian  literature 


Refer  from  Aryans;  Czechs;  Ethnology  — 
Europe;  Ethnology — Russia;  Poles  (Poland- 
ers) ;  Slavic  race  (s) 

Refer  from  Bohemians  in  the  U.  S. ;  Poles 
in  the  U.  S. ;  Russians  in  the  U.  S. ;  U.  S.  — 
Foreign  population 

Refer  from  Brain;  Dreams;  Hygiene;  In- 
somnia; Night;  Physiology;  Psychology; 
Rest;  Somnambulism;  Subconsciousness 

Refer  from  Cars;  Railroads  —  Rolling  stock 

Refer  from  Insects  as  carriers  of  contagion; 
Medicine  —  Practice;  Tropics  —  Diseases  and 
hygiene;  Tsetse  flies 


Refer  from  Calculating  machines;  Carpen- 
try; Logarithms;  Mathematical  instruments; 
Measuring  instruments 


Refer  from   Cities;    Poor;    Social   problems; 
Tenement  houses 


Refer  from  Contagion  and  contagious  dis- 
eases; Epidemics;  Inoculation;  Medicine  — 
Practice;  Skin;  Vaccination;  Variola  (s) ; 
Varioloid 

Refer  from  Nose;  Odors;  Senses  and  sensa- 
tion 

Refer  from  Furnaces;  Metallurgy;  Metals; 
Ore  treatment 

Refer  from  Air  pollution;  Chimneys;  Com- 
bustion ;  Fire  ;  Fuel ;  Mechanical  draft ;  Slunici- 
pal  improvement ;  iS'uisances  ;  Sanitary  chemis- 
try;  Sanitation 


Refer  from  Cigarettes;  Cigars;  Pipes,  Tobac- 
co; Temperance;  Tobacco;  Tobacco —  Physi- 
ological effects 

Refer  from  Commerce;  Crime  and  criminals; 
Tariff 


Refer  from  Indians  —  Dances 


338 


Snake  worship  see  Serpent  worship 
Snakes 

See     also      Reptiles;      Serpent      worship; 
Venom 
Snow 

See  also  Avalanches;  Ice;  Meteorology 
Snuff 
Soap 

See  also  Chemistry,  Technical 

Soap  bubbles 

Sobriquets  see  Nicknames;  Pseudonyms 
Sociables    see    Church    entertainments ;  Enter- 
tainments 
Social  centers 

See  also  Playgrounds;  Social  settlements 

Social  classes  see  Class  distinction 

Social  compact  see  Social  contract 

Social  conditions  see  Civilization;  Social  prob- 
lems; Sociology;  also  names' of  countries  and 
cities,  subhead  Social  conditions 

Social  contract 

Social  democracy  see  Socialism 

Social  ethics 

See  also  Christian  ethics;  Christian  soci- 
ology; Leisure  class;  Political  ethics;  Social 
problems,  and  references  under  that  subject; 
State  ethics;  Wealth 

Social  evil  see  Prostitution 

Social  life  and  customs  see  Manners  and  cus- 
toms; Society;  also  names  of  countries  and 
cities,  subhead  Social  life  and  customs 

Social  pathology  see  Social  problems 

Social  problems 

See  also  Charities;  Child  labor;  Christian 
sociology;  Cost  of  living;  Crime  and  crimi- 
nals; Defectives;  Divorce;  Education;  Eu- 
genics; Family;  Housing  problem;  Hygiene, 
Public;  Immigration  and  emigration;  Juve- 
nile delinquency ;  Labor  and  laboring  classes  ; 
Liquor  problem;  Marriage;  Municipal  gov- 
ernment ;  Poor ;  Prostitution  ;  Race  problems  ; 
Reform;  Slums;  Social  ethics;  Social  work; 
Socialism;  Unemployed;  War 

Social  psychology 

See  also  Crowds;  Ethnopsychology ;  Fash- 
ion; National  characteristics;  Public  opinion 

Social  purity  see  Sexual  ethics 

Social  reform  see  Reform  ;  Social  problems 

Social  science  see  Civilization;  Economics; 
Government;  Sociology 

Social  service  see  Social  work 

Social  settlements 

See  also  Boys'  clubs;  City  missions; 
Friendly  visiting;  Mothers'  clubs;  Neigh- 
borhood gilds;  Neighborhood  improvement; 
Poor;  Social  work 

Social  work 

See  also  Charities;  Christian  sociology; 
Discharged  prisoners;  Friendly  visiting; 
Industrial  betterment;  Social  centers;  Social 
problems;  Social  settlements 


Refer  from  Reptiles;  Ophidia  (s) ;  Serpents  (s) 


Refer  from  Meteorology;  Storms;  Water 
Refer  from  Tobacco 

Refer  from  Chemistry,  Technical;  Cleaning, 
Manufactures 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Bubbles,  Soap  (s) ; 
Liquids;  Physics 


Refer  from   People's  palaces   (s) ;   Recreation 
centers  (s) ;  Schoolhouses  ;  Social  work 


Refer  from  Go\-ernment;   Law 
pact  (s) ;  Sociology;  Sovereignty 


Soci 


Refer  from  Christian  ethics;  Christian  soci- 
ology; Ethics;  Ethics,  Social  (s) ;  Religion  and 
sociology  (s) ;  Social  problems;  Sociology; 
State  ethics 


Refer  from  Christian  sociology;  Civilization; 
Ethics;  Reform;  Social  conditions  (s)  ;  Social 
ethics;  Social  pathology  (s) ;  Social  reform  (s) ; 
Social  work ;  Sociology 


Refer  from  Crowds;  Ethnopsychology;  Psy- 
chology; Psychology,  Comparative;  Psychol- 
ogy, Social  (s) ;  Sociology 


Refer  from  Charities  ;  Church  settlements  (s) ; 
Church  work;  College  settlements  (s) ;  Neigh- 
borhood work  (s) ;  Philanthropy;  Poor;  Settle- 
ments (s) ;  Social  centers;  Social  work;  Soci- 
ology; University  settlements  (s) 

Refer  from  Charities;  Christian  sociology; 
Philanthropy;  Social  problems;  Social  serv- 
ice (s) ;  Social  settlements 


339 


Socialism 

Sre  also  Christian  socialism;  Communism; 
Cooperation;  Economic  determinism;  Eco- 
nomics; Equality;  Government  ownership; 
Individualism;  Land  nationalization;  Pater- 
nalism; Shakers;  Socialism  and  Catholic 
church;  Socialism  and  Christianity;  Utopias 


Christian,  see  Christian  socialism 

Socialism  and  Catholic  church 

See  also  Socialism  and  Christianity 


Socialism  and  Christianity 

See  also  Socialism  and  Catholic  church 


Socialistic  communities  see  Communism;  also 
names  of  communities 

Socialistic  Utopias  see  Utopias 

Socials  see  Church  entertainments;  Entertain- 
ments 

Societies 

See  also  Agricultural  societies;  Antiqua- 
rian societies  ;  Art  societies  ;  Benefit  societies  ; 
Bible  societies  ;  Botanical  societies;  Charitable 
societies;  Clubs;  Corporations;  Educational 
associations;  Fraternities,  College;  Frater- 
nities, High  school;  Geographical  societies; 
Gilds;  Historical  societies;  Humane  societies; 
Insignia;  Labor  unions;  Learned  societies; 
Literary  societies ;  Medical  societies ;  Mis- 
sionary societies;  Musical  societies;  Patriot- 
ic societies  ;  Scientific  societies ;  Secret  socie- 
ties ;  Tract  societies  ;  Typographical  societies ; 
also  names  of  societies 

Society  [for  society  life,  not  sociology] 

See  also  Class  distinction;  Conversation; 
Courts  and  courtiers  ;  Entertaining ;  Etiquet ; 
Salons;  Sociology;  Solitude;  also  names  of 
countries  and  cities,  subhead  Social  life  and 
customs 

Primitive 

See  also  Clans;  Industries,  Primitive; 
Savages;  Tribes  and  tribal  system;  Village 
communities 


see  Friends 
Jesuits 


Society  of 


Society  of  Friends 
Society  of  Jesus  se 
Socinianism 

See  also  Arianism;  Trinity;  Unitarianism 


Sociology 

See  also  Altruism;  Anarchism  and  an- 
archists; Anthropology;  Caste;  Charities; 
Children;  Christian  socialism;  Christian 
sociology;  Christianity;  Cities;  Civiliza- 
tion; Class  distinction;  Colonies  and  coloni- 
zation; Communism;  Cooperation;  Crime 
and  criminals  ;  Crowds  ;  Defectives  ;  Di\orce  ; 
Economics;  Education;  Equality;  Ethics; 
Ethnopsychology ;  Eugenics;  Evolution; 
Family;    Feudalism;    Gilds;    Government; 


Refer  from  Collectivism  (s) ;  Communism; 
Cooperation;  Democracy;  Economic  deter- 
minism; Economics;  Equality;  Government; 
Government  ownership;  Individualism;  Labor 
and  laboring  classes;  Land  nationalization; 
Nationalism  (s) ;  Paternalism  ;  Property ;  Social 
democracy  (s) ;  Social  problems;  Sociology; 
State  socialism  (s) ;  Utopias 


Refer  frovi  Catholic  church — Social  rela- 
tions; Catholic  church  and  socialism  (s) ; 
Church   and   state;    Socialism;    Socialism   and 

Christianity 

Refer  from  Christianity;  Christianity  and 
socialism  (s) ;  Church  and  state;  Socialism; 
Socialism  and  Catholic  church 


Refer  from  Associations  (s) ;  Clubs;  Sociology 


Refer  from  Etiquet;  Manners  and  customs; 
Social  life  and  customs  (s) ;  Sociology 


Refer  from  Anthropology;  Civilization; 
Clans;  Ethnology;  Government;  Industries, 
Primitive;  Primitive  society  (s) ;  Savages; 
Sociology;  Tribes  and  tribal  system 


Refer  from  Arianism;  Humanitarianism 
(theology)  (s) ;  Jesus  Christ;  Jesus  Christ  — 
Divinity;  Theology;  Trinity;  Unitarianism 

Refer  from  Anthropology;  Civilization; 
Ethics;  Government;  History;  Labor  and 
laboring  classes;  Man;  People;  Science; 
Social  conditions  (s) ;  Social  science  (s) ;  Society 


340 


Sociology  —  Continued 

Immigration  and  emigration  ;  Individualism  ; 
Industry;  Insurance;  Labor  and  laboring 
classes;  Law;  Leisure  class;  Man;  Manners 
and  customs;  Marriage;  Peace;  People; 
Poor;  Population;  Prisons;  Progress;  Prop- 
erty ;  Punishment ;  Race  problems  ;  Religion ; 
Savages;  Slavery;  Social  contract;  Social 
ethics;  Social  problems;  Social  psychology; 
Social  settlements;  Socialism;  Societies; 
Society;  Society,  Primitive;  Statistics;  Tem- 
perance; Theology;  Utopias;  War;  Women; 
also  names  of  countries  and  cities,  subhead 
Social  conditions 

Christian,  see  Christian  sociology 

Soil  absorption 

See  also  Soil  moisture 

Soil  bacteriology 

See  also  Bacteriology,  Agricultural;  Nitri- 
fication; Soil  inoculation 

Soil  fertility 

See  also  Fertilizers  and  manures;  Rotation 
of  crops 
Soil  inoculation 

See  also  Nitrification ;  Soil  bacteriology 


Soil  moisture 

See  also  Agricultural  physics;  Drainage; 
Soil  absorption 

Soil  surveys 

Soiling  crops  see  Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs 

SoUs 

See  also  Agricultural  chemistry;  Agricul- 
tural physics;  Agriculture;  Alkali  lands; 
Alluvium;  Bacteriology,  Agricultural;  Clay; 
Drainage;  Fertilizers  and  manures;  Irri- 
gation; Nitrification;  Soil  absorption;  Soil 
bacteriology;  Soil  fertility;  Soil  inoculation; 
Soil  moisture;  Soil  surveys;  Tillage 

Sol-fa  system  see  Tonic  sol-fa 

Solar  eclipses  see  Eclipses 

Solar  engines  see  Solar  motors 

Solar  heat  see  Sun 

Solar  motors 

Solar  parallax  see  Parallax 

Solar    physics    see    Astronomy;    Astrophysics; 
Sun 

Solar  spectrum  see  Spectra 

Solar  system 

See  also  Asteroids;  Astronomy;  Meteoritic 
hypothesis;  Nebular  hypothesis;  Planetesi- 
mal  hypothesis;  Planets  [and  their  names]; 
Sun 

Solder  and  soldering 

See  also  Alloys;  Welding 

Soldiers 

See  also  Armies;  Army  life;  Mercenary 
troops;  Military  art  and  science;  Military 
biography;  Pensions;  Soldiers'  homes; 
Soldiers'  monuments 


Refer  from  Absorption  In  soils  (s) ;  Agricul- 
tural physics;  Soil  moisture;  Soils 

Refer  from  Bacteriology;  Bacteriology,  Agri- 
cultural; Nitrification;  Nitrifying  bacteria  (sj  ; 
Soil  inoculation;  Soils 

Refer  from  Agriculture;  Fertility  (s) ;  Soils 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Fertilizers  and 
manures;  Inoculation  of  soils  (s) ;  Legume 
inoculation  (s) ;  Nitrification  ;  Soil  bacteriology ; 
Soils 

Refer  from  Agricultural  physics;  Moisture 
of  soils  (s) ;  Soil  absorption  ;  Soils  ;  Water,  Under- 
ground 

Refer  from  Agriculture;  Soils;  Surveys  (s) 


Refer  from  Agricultural  chemistry;  Agricul- 
tural physics;  Agriculture;  Geology;  Geology, 
Economic;  Alold,  Vegetable  (s) ;  Tillage; 
Vegetable  mold  (s) 


Refer  from  Motors;  Solar  engines  (s) ;  Sun 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Planets;  Sun 


Refer  from  Alloys;  Brazing  (s) ;  Metal  work; 
Metals;  Plumbing;  Welding 

Refer  from  Armies;  Army  life;  Military  an 
and  science;  Military  biography 


341 


Soldiers'  homes 

Soldiers'  monuments 

Solicitors  see  Lawyers 

Solid  geometry  see  Geometry 

Solids 

Solitaire 

Solitude 

See  also  Hermits 
Soluble  ferments  see  Enzymes 
Solution  (chemistry) 

iS^^  also  Boiling  points  ;  Chemistry ;  Chem- 
istry, Physical;  Colloids;  Electrolysis;  Ions; 
Osmosis 
Somnambulism 

See  also  Dreams;  Hypnotism;  Sleep 


Sonatas 

See  also  Musical  form 


Song  of  birds  see  Birds  —  Song 
Songs 

See  also  Anthems;  Ballads;  Campaign 
songs;  Carols;  Children's  songs;  Choruses 
and  part  songs;  Church  music;  College 
songs;  Drinking  songs;  Duets,  Vocal; 
Folk  songs;  Glees;  Hymns;  Kindergarten  — 
Games  and  songs;  Lullabies;  Lyric  poetry; 
National  songs  ;  Negro  songs  ;  Sailors'  songs  ; 
School  music;  Singing  and  voice  culture; 
War  songs 

American 

Se-e  also  Ballads,  American;  Campaign 
songs;  Indians — Music;  National  songs; 
Negro  songs;  Songs,  English 

English 

See  also  Ballads,  English;  Songs,  Ameri- 
can; Songs,  Irish;  Songs,  Scottish 

Irish 

See  also  Ballads,  Irish 


-Scores 

See  also  references  under  Songs 
-Scottish 

See  also  Ballads,  Scottish 


Sonnets 

See  also  Lyric  poetry 

American 

See    also     American     poetry;     Sonnets, 
English 

English 

See  also  English  poetry;  Sonnets,  Ameri- 
can 

Sophists 

.SV^  also  Philosophy,  Greek 

Sorcery  see  Witchcraft 

Sore  throat  see  Throat 

Sorghum 

See  also  Molasses;  Sugar 


Refer  from  Homes  (Institutions)  (s) ;  Homes 
for  the  aged  ;  Pensions  ;  Soldiers 
Refer  from  Monuments;  Soldiers 


Refer  from  Matter;  Physics 
Refer      from     [Cards;      Games;       Patience 
(game)  (s) 

Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Society 


Refer  from  Chemistry;  Chemistry,  Physical; 
Fluids;  Ions;  Liquids;  Osmosis 


Refer  from  Dreams ;  Hypnotism ;  Medicine  — 
Practice;  Night;  Psychology;  Sleep;  Sleep- 
walking (s) ;  Sleepwalking  (s) 

Refer  from  Instrumental  music;  Music; 
Music  —  Scores;  Musical  form;  Piano  music; 
Piano  music  —  Scores 


Refer  from  Ballads;  Carols;  Folk  songs; 
Glees;  Lyric  poetry;  Music;  Poetry;  Singing 
and  voice  culture;  Vocal  music  (s) 


Refer  from  American  poetry;  American 
songs  (s) ;  Ballads,  American;  Music — U.  S. ; 
Songs,  English 

Refer  from  Ballads,  English;  English  poetry; 
English  songs  (s) ;  Music — England;  Songs, 
American 

Refer  from  Ballads,  Irish;  Irish  poetry; 
Irish  songs  (s) ;  Music  —  Ireland;  Songs, 
English 

Refer  from  Music  —  Scores 

Refer  from  Ballads,  Scottish;  Music  — 
Scotland;  Scottish  poetry;  Scottish  songs  (s) ; 
Songs,  English 

Refer  from  Lyric  poetry;  Poetry 

Refer  from  American  literature;  American 
poetry;  American  sonnets  (s) ;  Sonnets,  English 

Refer  from  English  literature  ;  English  poetry  ; 
English  sonnets  (s) ;  Sonnets,  American 

Refer  fro  tn  Philosophy;  Philosophy,  Greek 


Refer  from  Forage  plants;  Molasses;  Sugar 


342 


Soteriology  see  Salvation 

Soubriquets  see  Nicknames;  Pseudonyms 

Soul 

See  also  Animal  intelligence;  Animism; 
Future  life;  Personality;  Prcexistence ;  Psy- 
chology; Spiritual  life;  Transmigration 


Sound 

See  also  Acoustics  of  buildings ;  Ear ;  Hear- 
ing; Music;  Noise;  Phonetics;  Phonograph; 
Physics;  Radiation;  Telephone;  Voice 
Sounding  and  soundings 

Soup 

See  also  Cookery 
South  (U.  S.)  see  Southern  states 
South  African  war,  1 899-1902 

See     also     Jameson's      raid,      1895-1896; 
Transvaal 


South  pole 

See  also  Antarctic  regions 

Southern  states 

See  also  Confederate  States  of  America; 
Creoles;  Ku-Klux  Klan;  Mountaineers  of 
the  South;  Negroes;  Reconstruction;  Slav- 
ery in  the  U.  S. ;  Southwestern  states;  U.  S. 
—  History  —  Civil  war ;  also  names  of  states 
Southwest  (U.  S.)  see  Southwestern  states 
Southwestern  states 

See  also   Santa   Fe  trail ;   Western  states ; 
also  names  of  states 
Sovereigrts  see  Caliphs;  Emperors;  Kings  and 

rulers;  Monarchy;  Queens  and  empresses 
Sovereignty 

See  also  Constitutional  law;  Government; 
Social  contract;  State  rights 
Space 

See  also  Ether  (of  space) ;  Fourth  dimen- 
sion ;  Space  perception 
Space  perception 

See  also  Perception;  Senses  and  sensation 

Space  telegraphy  see  Wireless  telegraphy 

Spain  —  History 

To  1479 

See  also  Moors  in  Spain 

1479-1700 

See  also  Armada,  1588;  Reformation 
—  Spain 

1700- 

See  also  Austrian  succession,  War  of; 
Carlists;  Peninsular  war,  1807-1814; 
Spanish  succession,  War  of;  U.  S.  — 
History  —  War  with  Spain 

Spanish  America  see  Latin  America 

Spanish-American  war,    1898,  see  U.   S. —  His- 
tory —  War  with  Spain 

Spanish  armada  see  Armada,  1588 

Spanish  inciuisition  see  Inquisition 

Spanish    language    [subdivided    like    German 
language] 
See  also  Romance  languages 


Refer  from  Animism;  Dualism;  Ethics; 
Future  life;  Man;  Materialism;  Aletaphysics ; 
Personality;  Philosophy;  Preexistence ;  Psy- 
chology ;  Salvation  ;  Spirit  (s) ;  Theology ;  Trans- 
migration 

Refer  from  Acoustics  (s) ;  Ear;  Music; 
Noise;  Physics;  Radiation;  Senses  and  sensa- 
tion; Vibration;  Voice;  Waves 

Refer  from  Deep-sea  sounding  (s) ;  Hydrog- 
raphy; Navigation;  Ocean 

Refer  from  Cookery 


Refer  from  Anglo-Boer  war  (s) ;  Boer  war, 
1899-1902  (s) ;  Boers;  Concentration  camps; 
England — ^  History  —  Victorian  period;  Eng- 
land —  History  —  1901-;  Transvaal 

Refer  from  Antarctic  regions;  Earth;  Polar 
regions  (s) 

Refer  from  Negroes;  Reconstruction;  Slavery 
in  the  U.  S.;  South  (U.  S.)  (s) 


Refer    from     Southern     states;     Southwest 
(U.  S.)  (s) ;  Western  states 


Refer  from  Constitutional  law;  Government; 
International  law;  Law 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Metaphysics;  Philos- 
ophy 

Refer  from   Perception;   Psychology,    Physi- 
ological; Senses  and  sensation;  Space 


Refer  from  Moors  in  Spain 

Refer  from  Armada,  1588;  Reformation  — 
Spain 

Refer  from  Austrian  succession,  War  of; 
Carlists;  Peninsular  war,  1807-1814;  Spanish 
succession,  War  of 


Refer  from  Romance  languages 


343 


Spanish  literature 

See     also     Authors,     Spanish;     Romance 
literature;  Spanish  poetry 
Spanish  poetry 

•S^^  also  Poets,  Spanish;  Spanish  literature 

Spanish  succession,  War  of,  1 701 -17 14 

See  also  Europe  —  History — 1492-1789; 
Queen  Anne's  war;  Spain  —  History  — 
1700- 


Sparring  see  Boxing 
Sparrows 

See  also  Birds 
Spas  see  Health  resorts 

Speakers  see  Orators;  Recitations  and  readings 
Speaking  see  Elocution;  Oratory;   Preaching; 

Rhetoric;  Speech;  Voice 
Spear  throwers  see  Throwing  sticks 
Specie    see   Gold    (as    money);    Money;    Silver 

(as  money) 
Specie    payment   see    Money  —  U.    S. ;    Silver 

(as  money) 
Species 

See  also  Evolution  ;  Hybridization  ;  Natural 

selection  ;  Plant  breeding ;  Variation  (biology) 


Specific  gravity 

See  also  Gravitation  ;  Hydrometer ;  Weights 
and  measures 
Specifications    (building)    see   Building  —  Con- 
tracts and  specifications 
Spectacles 

See  also  Eye  ;  Lenses 

Specters  see  Apparitions;  Ghosts 
Spectra 

See   also    Light;    Radioactivity;    Spectro- 
scope; Spectrum  analysis 

Spectres  see  Apparitions;  Ghosts 
Spectroscope 

See  also  Spectrum  analysis 

Spectroscopy  see  Spectrum  analysis 
Spectrum  see  Spectra;  Spectrum  analysis 
Spectrum  analysis 

See  also  Spectra;  Spectroscope 


Speculation 

See    also    Credit;    Investments;    Panics; 
Stock  exchange;  Stocks;  Wall  street 


Speech 

See  also   Animals  —  Language;   Aphasia; 

Conversation;  Deaf  and  dumb;   Elocution; 

Language;  Liberty  of  speech;  Lip  reading; 

Stammering;  Voice 
Speech  of  animals  see  Animals  —  Language 
Speeches  see  After-dinner  speeches;  Orations; 

Oratory 


Refer  from  Authors,  Spanish;  Romance 
literature;  Spanish  poetry 

Refer  from  Poets,  Spanish;  Spanish  litera- 
ture 

Refer  from  England  —  History  —  Stuarts  ; 
Europe — History — 1492-1789;  France  — 
History  —  Bourbons  ;  Germany  —  History  — 
1517-1740;  Spain  —  History — 1700-;  War 
of  the  Spanish  succession  (s) 


Refer  from  Birds 


Refer  from  Biology;  Evolution;  Heredity; 
Natural  selection  ;  Origin  of  species  (s) ;  Trans- 
mutation of  species  (s) ;  Variation  (biology); 
Zoology 

Refer  from  Density  (s) ;  Gravitation;  Hydro- 
statics; Matter;  Weights  and  measures 


Refer  from    Eye;    Eye-glasses    (s) ;    Optical 
instruments ;  Sight 


Refer  from  Absorption  spectra  (s) ;  Astrono- 
my; Light;  Radiation;  Solar  spectrum  (s) ; 
Spectrum  (s) ;  Spectrum  analysis;  Stars;  Sun 


Refer  from  Astronomical  instruments;  Opti- 
cal instruments;  Spectra;  Spectrum  analysis 


Refer  from  Analysis,  Spectrum  (s) ;  Astrono- 
my; Astrophysics;  Chemistry;  Light;  Spectra; 
Spectroscope;  Spectroscopy  (s) ;  Spectrum  (s) ; 
Sun 

Refer  from  Bucket  shops  (s) ;  Commerce; 
Corners,  Commercial  (s) ;  Economics;  Finance; 
Investments;  Panics;  Stock  exchange;  Wall 
street 

Refer  from  Language;  Phonetics;  Speak- 
ing (s);  Voice 


344 


speed 

See  also  Velocity 


Speleology  see  Caves 
Spellers 

See  also  Primers;  Spelling 
Spelling 

See  also  Spellers;  Spelling,  English;  Spel- 
ling reform;  Transliteration;  also  names  of 
languages  other  than  English,  e.g.  German 
language  —  Spelling 

English 

See  also  Spelling  reform 


Spelling  reform 

Spherical  astronomy  see  Astronomy,   Spherical 
and  practical 

Spherical  trigonometry  see  Trigonometry 

Sphragistics  see  Seals  (numismatics) 

Sphygmograph 

Spices 

See  also  Condiments;  Essences  and  essen- 
tial oils;  also  names  of  spices 

Spiders 

See  also  Arachnida 

Spies 

Spikes  see  Nails  and  spikes 
Spinal  meningitis  see  Meningitis 
Spine 

See    also     Meningitis;     Nervous     system; 
Skeleton 
Spinet  see  Piano 
Spinning 

See    also    Textile     industry     and     fabrics; 
Yarn 
Spinsters 

Spiral  gearing  see  Gearing 
Spires 

See  also  Church  architecture;  Towers 

Spirit  see  Holy  Spirit;  Soul 

Spiritism  see  Spiritualism 

Spirits  see  Apparitions;  Demonology ;  Ghosts; 

Spiritualism;  Witchcraft 
Spiritual  life 

See    also    Christian     life    and    character; 

New  thought;  Sanctification 


Spiritualism 

See  also  Apparitions;  Clairvoyance;  Mind 
reading;  Psychical  research 


Spirituous  liquors  see  Liquors 

Splashes 

Splicing  see  Knots  and  splices 

Spoils  system  see  Civil  service 

Sponges 

See  also  Invertebrates 


Refer  from  Aeronautics;  Animal  locomotion; 
Automobiles;  High  speed  (s) ;  Railroads; 
Velocity 


Refer  froyn  Spelling;  Textbooks 

Refer    from     Language;     Orthography 
Phonetics;  Spellers;  Words 


Refer  from  English  language;  English  lan- 
guage —  Orthography  (s) ;  English  language 
—  Spelling  (s) ;  English  spelling  (s) ;  Spelling 

Refer  from  Phonetic  spelling  (s) ;  Simplified 
spelling  (s) ;  Spelling;  Spelling,  English 


Refer  from  Blood;  Diagnosis;  Heart 

Refer  from    Agricultural    products;    Agricul- 
ture — •  Tropics  ;  Condiments 

Refer  from  Arachnida 

Refer  from   Military   art   and   science;    Spy- 
ing (s) 


Refer  from    Backbone    (s)  ;    Bones;    Nervous 
system;  Skeleton;  Vertebral  column  (s) 


Refer   from    Textile    industrv    and    fabrics; 
Yarn 

Refer  from  Celibacy;  Old  maids  (s)  ;  Women 


Refer  from    Architecture;    Church    architec- 
ture; Steeples  (s) ;  Towers 


Refer  from  Christian  life  and  character; 
Conduct  of  life;  Ethics;  Life;  Personal  re- 
ligion (s) ;  Religion;  Religion,  Personal  (s) ; 
Religious  experience  (s) ;  Soul 

Refer  from  Animism;  Apparitions;  Future 
life;  Ghosts;  Mediums  (s) ;  Miracles;  Occult 
sciences;  Philosophy;  Psychical  research; 
Religions;  Slate  writing  (s) ;  Spiritism  (s) ; 
Spirits  (s) ;  Supernatural;  Superstition;  Table- 
moving  (s) ;  Theology 

Refer  from  Capillarity;  Liquids;  Viscosity 


Refer  from   In\ertebrates ;    Marine  zoology; 
Porifcra  (s) 


345 


Spontaneous  combustion  see  Combustion 
Spontaneous  generation 

See  also  Reproduction 


Sports 

See  also  Acrobats;  Aeronautics;  Amuse- 
ments; Aquatic  sports;  Archery;  Athletics; 
Automobile  racing;  Betting;  Boats  and  boat- 
ing; Boxing;  Bullfights;  Camping;  Canoes 
and  canoeing;  Coasting;  College  athletics; 
Coursing;  Cycling;  Driving;  Falconry; 
Fencing;  Fishing;  Gambling;  Games,  and 
names  of  games;  Gymnastics;  Horse  racing; 
Horsemanship;  Hunting;  Ice  boats;  Jiu- 
jitsu;  Kites;  Land  yachts;  Mountaineering; 
Olympic  games;  Outdoor  life;  Physical  edu- 
cation; Roller-skating;  Rowing;  Running; 
Sailing;  Shooting;  Skating;  Skees  and  skee- 
running;  Swimming;  Tobogganing;  Tourna- 
ments ;  Track  athletics ;  Training  ;  Trapping; 
Walking;  Winter  sports ;  Wrestling;  Yachts 
and  yachting 
Spraying 

See  also  Bordeaux  mixture;  Fruit  —  Dis- 
eases and  pests;  Fungicides;  Insecticides 


Spring 

See  also  Seasons 
Springs 

See  also  Geysers  and  hot  springs;  Mineral 
waters;    Sulphur    springs;    Water,    Under- 
ground ;  Wells 
Spying  see.  Spies 
Squabs  see  Pigeons 
Square  (instrument) 


Squares,  Magic,  see  Magic  squares 
Squaring  of  the  circle  see  Circle-squaring 
Stables  see  Barns  and  stables 
Stacks  (for  books)  see  Shelving  (for  books) 
Stage  see  Acting;  Drama;  Theater;  Vaudeville 
Stage-coaches  see  Coaches  and  coaching 
Stage  make-up  see  Make-up,  Theatrical 
Stained  glass 

See  also  Glass,  Ornamental 


Stains  and  staining 

See  also  Graining;  Wood  finishing 

Stair  building 

See  also  Railings 

Stairs  see  Stair  building 
Stairways  see  Stair  building 
Stammering 

Stamp  act,  1765 

See  also  U.  S. —  History  —  Revolution  — 
Causes 


Refer  from  Abiogenesis  (s) ;  Archegony  (s) ; 
Biology;  Generation,  Spontaneous  (s) ;  Life  — 
Origin;  Reproduction 

Refer  from  Adventure ;  Amusements  ;  Aquat- 
ic sports;  Athletics;  Country  life;  Field 
sports  (s) ;  Games;  Hunting;  Manly  exer- 
cise (s) ;  Outdoor  life;  Pastimes  (s) ;  Physical 
education;  Play;  Recreation  (s) ;  Shooting; 
Winter  sports 


Refer  from  Bordeaux  mixture;  Fruit  — 
Diseases  and  pests;  Fruit  culture;  Fungicides; 
Gardening;  Insecticides;  Insects,  Injurious  and 
beneficial ;  Plants  —  Diseases;  Trees  —  Diseases 
and  pests 

Refer  from  Seasons 

Refer  from  Fountains;  Geysers  and  hot 
springs;  Physical  geography;  Water;  Water, 
Underground;  Wells 


Refer  from  Carpenters'  square  (s) ;  Carpen- 
try; Measuring  instruments;  Steel  square  (s) ; 
Tools 


Refer  from  Art;  Decoration  and  ornament; 
Glass;  Glass,  Ornamental;  Glass  nainting  (s) ; 
Painted  glass  (s) ;  Painting;  Windows 


Refer  from  Graining;  Painting,  Mechanical; 
Wood  finishing;  Woodwork 

Refer  from   Architecture;  Building;  Carpen- 
try; Stairs  (s) ;  Stairways  (s) 


Refer  from  Speech;  Stuttering  (s) ;  Voice 


Refer  from  Stamp  duties;  U.  S. —  History 
—  Colonial  period  ;  \J.  S. —  History  —  Revolu- 
tion —  Causes 


346 


Stamp  duties 

See  also  Stamp  act,  1765 

Stamps  see  Postage  stamps 
Standard  of  living 

See    also    Cost    of    living; 
Luxury;  Thrift;  Wages 


Extravagance ; 


Standard  of  value  see  Money;  Value 

Standard  time  see  Time 

Standards    see    Flags;    Standards    of    length; 

Units;  Weights  and  measures 
Standards  of  length 

Standing  army  see  Armies 

Star  atlases  see  Astronomy  —  Atlases 

Stars 

See  also  Asteroids  ;  Astrology ;  Astronomy ; 
Astronomy  —  Atlases;  Astrophysics;  Mete- 
ors; Milky  way;  Parallax;  Planets;  Plani- 
spheres; Spectra;  Zodiac 

Starvation 

See  also  Famines 

State,  The,  see  Government 

State  and  education  see  Education  and  state 

State  banks  see  Banks  and  banking  —  U.  S. 

State  church  see  Church  and  state;  Church  of 
England  —  Establishment 

State  constitutions  see  Constitutions,  State 

State  debts  see  Debts,  Public 

State  ethics 

See  also  Political  ethics;  Social  ethics 


State  fairs  see  Agricultural  exhibitions 

State  governments 

See  also  Constitutions,  State  ;  Local  govern- 
ment; also  names  of  states 

State  ownership  see  Government  ownership 

State  publications  see  Government  publica- 
tions, and  names  of  states,  subhead  Govern- 
ment publications 

State  regulation  of  industry  see  Government 
regulation  of  industry 

State  rights 

See  also  Kentucky  and  Virginia  resolu- 
tions, 1798;  Nationalism,  New;  Nullifica- 
tion; Secession;  States  (U.  S.) 


Refer  from  Commerce;  Internal  revenue  (s) ; 
Taxation 


Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Cost  of  living; 
Economics;  Ethics;  Home  economics;  Labor 
and  laboring  classes;  Life;  Living,  Standard 
of  (s) ;  Luxury;  Poor;  Prices;  Thrift;  Wages 


Refer  from  Length,  Standards  of  (s) ;  Stand- 
ards (s) ;  Weights  and  measures 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Astrophysics;  Con- 
stellations (s) ;  Double  stars  (s) ;  Sidereal 
system  (s) 


Refer  from  Diet;  Famines;  Fasting 


Refer  from  Ethics;  Ethics,  National  (s) ; 
Ethics,  State  (s) ;  International  law;  Inter- 
national relations;  National  ethics  (s);  Social 
ethics 


Refer   from    Constitutions,    State;    Federal 
government;  Government;  States  (U.  S.) 


Refer  from  Federal  government;  Govern- 
ment; Government  regulation  of  industry; 
Nullification;  Secession;  Sovereignty;  States 
(U.  S.) ;  States  rights  (s) ;  U.  S. —  Constitution 


State  socialism  see  Socialism 

State  trials  see  Trials 

States  (U.  S.) 

See     also      Constitutions,      State;      State  Refer  from  State  rights;  U.  S. —  States  (s 

governments;  State  rights 

States  rights  see  State  rights 

Statesmanship  see  Diplomacy;  Government 

Statesmen 

See  also  Diplomats;  Governors;  Ministers 
of  state;  Prime  ministers;  Senators 

Static  electricity  see  Electrostatics 

Statics 

See  also  Dynamics;  Elasticity;  Electro- 
statics; Graphic  statics;  Hydrostatics; 
Mechanics 


Refer  from  Biography;  Go\'crnmcnt 


Refer  from  Dynamics;  Engineering;  Equilib- 
rium (s) ;  Mechanics;  Physics 


347 


Stationery 

See  also  Ink;  Paper 

Stations,  Railroad,  see  Railroads  —  Stations 

Statistics 

See  also  Almanacs;  Census;  Church 
statistics;  Population;  Probabilities;  Tabu- 
lating machines;  Vital  statistics;  Yearbooks. 
For  statistics  of  a  special  subject,  country  or 
place  see  its  name 

Statues 

See  also  Monuments  ;  Plaster  casts  ;  Sculp- 
ture 

Statute  of  limitations  see  Limitations  (law) 

Statutes  see  names  of  countries  and  states 

Staves  see  Cooperage 

Stealing  see  Embezzlement;  Larceny 

Steam 

See  also  Boilers;  Condensers  (steam); 
Steam  engines;  Steam  heating;  Steam 
launches;  Steam  navigation;  Steam  pipes; 
Steam  turbines;  Steamboats;  Thermody- 
namics 

Steam  boilers  see  Boilers;  Steam  engines 

Steam  engines 

See  also  Boilers;  Calorimeters  and  calorim- 
etry;  Condensers  (steam);  Fire  engines; 
Heat;  Indicators  for  steam  engines;  In- 
jectors; Link  motion;  Locomotives;  Marine 
engines;  Power  plants.  Steam;  Railroads; 
Safety  valves;  Steam;  Steam  navigation; 
Steam  turbines;  Steamboats;  Traction  en- 
gines; Valves  and  valve  gears 

Steam  fitting  see  Pipe  fitting;  Steam  pipes 

Steam  heating 

See  also  Heating;  Hot  water  heating; 
Steam. pipes 

Steam  injectors  see  Injectors 

Steam  launches 


Refer  from  Manufactures;  Paper 


Refer  from  Census;  Commerce;  Economics; 
Government;  History;   Population;   Sociology 


Refer  from    Iconography    (s) ;    Monuments; 
Plaster  casts;  Sculpture 


Refer  from  Boilers;  Heat;  Physics;  Power; 
Steam  engines;  Thermodynamics;  Vapor  (s) ; 
Water 


Refer  from  Boilers;  Condensers  (steam); 
Engineering;  Engines;  Heat  engines;  Indica- 
tors for  steam  engines ;  Locomotives  ;  Machinery; 
Marine  engines;  Mechanical  engineering;  Me- 
chanics; Motors;  Power  plants,  Steam;  Rail- 
roads ;  Safety  valves  ;  Steam  ;  Steam  boilers  (s) ; 
Steam  navigation;  Thermodynamics;  Valves 
and  \'al\-e  gears 


Refer  from  Heating;  Steam;  Steam  pipes 


Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Launches  (s) ; 
Steam;  Steamboats 


Steam  navigation 

See  also  Boilers,  Marine ;  Marine  engineer- 
ing; Marine  engines;  Navigation;  Steam 
engines;  Steam  turbines;  Steamboats 

Steam  pipes 

See  also  Pipe  fitting;  Steam  heating 

Steam  plants  see  Power  plants.  Steam 
Steam  power  plants  see  Power  plants,  Steam 
Steam  pumps  see  Pumps 
Steam  turbines 


Steam  yachts  see  Yachts  and  yachting 
Steamboat  inspection 

Steamboats 

See  also  Boilers,  Marine;  Bulkheads;  Fire 
boats;  IVlarine  engines;  Ocean  travel;  Pro- 
pellers; Shipbuilding;  Shipping;  Steam 
launches;  Steam  navigation;  Steamboat  in- 
spection; Steerage;  Warships;  Yachts  and 
yachting 

Steamers  see  Steamboats 

Steamships  see  Steamboats 


Refer  from  Commerce;  Inland  navigation; 
Marine  engineering  ;  Navigation  ;  Ships  ;  Steam ; 
Steam  engines;  Steamboats;  Transportation 


Refer  from    Pipe;    Pipe   fitting;    Pipes    (s) ; 
Steam;  Steam  fitting  (s) ;  Steam  heating 


Refer  from  Marine  engineering;  Marine 
engines;  Steam;  Steam  engines;  Steam  naviga- 
tion; Turbines 

Refer  from  Inspection  of  steamboats  (s) ; 
Maritime  law;  Steamboats 

Refer  from  Navigation;  Ocean  travel; 
Propellers;  Shipbuilding;  Shipping;  Ships; 
Steam;  Steam  engines;  Steam  navigation; 
Steamers  (s) ;  Steamships  (s) ;  Transportation; 
Vessels  (s) 


348 


steel 

See  also  Annealing ;  Armor  plate  ;  Bessemer 
process;  Corrosion  and  anti-corrosives; 
F"oundry  work;  Iron  ; Metallography  ; Metals; 
Nickel  steel;  Rails;  Steel  construction; 
Steel  industry;  Tool  steel;  Tubes 

Steel  construction 

See  also  Bridges;  Building;  Concrete, 
Reinforced;  Concrete  construction;  Corro- 
sion and  anti-corrosives;  Girders;  Graphic 
statics;  High  buildings;  Roofs;  Strains  and 
stresses;  Strength  of  materials 

Steel  engra\ing  see  Engraving 

Steel  industry 

See  also  Iron  industrj- ;  Rolling  mills 

Steel  rails  see  Rails 

Steel  square  see  Square  (instrument) 

Steel  ties  see  Railroads  —  Ties 

Steel  works  see  Steel  industry 

Steeplechasing  see  Horse  racing 

Steeples  see  Spires 

Steerage 

Stellar  parallax  see  Parallax 

Stencil  work 


Stencilling  see  Stencil  work 
Stenography  see  Shorthand 
Steppes 

Stereochemistry 

See    also    Atoms;     Chemistry,     Physical; 
Isomerism 

Stereography  see  Geometry 
Stereopticon 

See  also  Lantern  slides 


Refer  from  Annealing;  Bessemer  process; 
Building  materials;  Iron;  Metallography; 
Metals 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Building;  Civil 
engineering;  Fireproof  construction;  Girders; 
Graphic  statics;  High  buildings;   Roofs;  Steel 


Refer   from    Iron    industry;    Manufactures; 
Rolling  mills;  Steel;  Steel  works  (s) 


Refer  from  Ocean  travel;  Steamboats 

Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Decoration  and 
ornament;  Design,  Decorative;  Frescoes; 
Painting;  Stencilling  (s) 


Refer  from  Physical  geography;  Plains 


Refer  from  Atoms;  Chemistry;  Chemistry, 
Physical;  Isomerism;  Molecules;  Polarization 
(light);  Sugar 


^("/fr/rowj  Lantern  slides  ;  Magic  lantern  (s)  ; 
Optical  instruments;  Photography 

Refer  from  Optical  instruments 

Refer  from  Geometry,  Descriptive;  Masonry; 
Stonecutting 

Refer  from  Electrotyping  ;  Printing 

Refer  from  Bev^erages ;  Diet;  Drugs;  Food; 
Hygiene;  Intoxicants  (s) ;  Medicine;  Temper- 
ance; Therapeutics 

Refer  from  Engraving;  Etching 


Stereoscope 
Stereotomy 

See  also  Stonecutting 

Stereotyping 

See  also  Electrotyping;  Printing 
Stimulants 

See     also     Alcohol;     Beverages;     Coffee; 
Liquors;  Tea;  Temperance 

Stipple  engraving 

See  also  Engraving 
Stitches  see  Embroidery;  Needlework 
Stock  breeding  see  Breeding;  Live  stock 
Stock  companies  see  Corporations;  Joint-stock 

companies 
Stock  exchange 

See  also  13anks  and  banking;  Brokers  and 
factors;  Money  ;  Panics;  Speculation;  Stocks;       Brokers    and    factors;    Business;    Commerce; 
Wall  street  Corners,     Commercial     (s) ;     Economics;     Ex- 

change; Finance;  Money  ;  Speculation  ;  Stocks; 
Wall  street 
Stock  farming  see  Live  stock 
Stock  raising  see  Live  stock 
Stockings  see  Hosiery 

349 


Refer  from  Arbitrage  (s) ;  Banks  and  banking; 


Stocks 

See  also  Bonds;  Corporations;  In\est- 
ments;  Joint-stock  companies;  Securities; 
Stock  excliange;  \\'all  street 


Stoics 

See  also  Philosophy,  Greek 

Stomach 

See  also  Digestion  ;  Digestive  system 

Stone 

See  also  Blasting;  Building  stones;  Gran- 
ite; Marble;  Masonry;  Precious  stones; 
Quarries  and  quarrying;  Rocks;  Sandstone; 
Stone  age;  Stone  implements;  Stonecutting 

Artificial 

See  also  Concrete 

Philosopher's,  see  Philosopher's  stone 

Stone  age 

See  also  Archaeology;  Man  —  Origin  and 
antiquit}-;  Picts ;  Stone  implements 


Stone-cutting  see  Stonecutting 
Stone  implements 

See  also  Indians  — •  Implements  and  weap- 
ons ;  Industries,  Primitive;  Stone  age 


Stone  quarries  see  Quarries  and  quarrying 
Stonecutting 

See     also     Building     stones;     Sculpture; 
Stereotomy 
Stones   see   Stone;    Building    stones;    Precious 

stones 
Stoneware  see  Pottery 
Storage  batteries 

See  also  Electric  batteries 


Stores  see  Business;  Department  stores 
Stories  see  Children's  literature;   Fairy  tales; 

Fiction;  Kindergarten  — ^  Stories  ;  Legends; 

Romances;  Short  stories;  Story-telling 
Storms 

See     also     Cyclones;     Hail;     Hurricanes; 

Insurance,    Casualty;    Meteorology;    Rain; 

Snow;  Thunderstorms;  Tornadoes;  Winds 

Story-telling 
Stoves 

See  also  Aladdin    oven;  Fireless  cookers; 
Heating ;  Ovens 
Strains  and  stresses 

See  also  Arches;  Bridges;  Building;  P'lasti- 

city;  Girders;  Graphic  statics;   Mechanics, 

Applied;     Roofs;     Strength     of     materials; 

Trusses 

Strategy  see  Military  art  and  science;   Naval 

art  and  science 
Stratigraphy  see  Geology,  Stratigraphic 
Strawberries 

See  also  Berries 


Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Bonds; 
Commerce;  Corporations;  Dividends  (s)  ; 
Economics;  Exchange;  Finance;  Investments; 
Joint-stockcompanies ;  Negotiableinstruments; 
Securities;  Speculation;  Stock  exchange 

Refer  fro  fn  Ethics;  Materialism;  Philosophy; 
Philosophy,  Greek 

Refer  from  Abdomen;  Digestion;  Digestive 
system 

Refer  from  Building  materials;  Building 
stones ;  Geology ;  Geology,  Economic  ;  Masonry; 
Mineralogy;  Quarries  and  quarrying;  Rocks; 
Stones  (s) 


Refer    from     Artificial    stone 
materials;  Concrete 


(s) ;     Building 


Refer  from  Archaeology;  Eolithic  period  (s)  ; 
Man  —  Origin  and  antiquity;  Neolithic  peri- 
od (s) ;  Paleolithic  period  (s) ;  Stone;  Stone 
implements 


^^'/^r/rom  Archaeology ;  Flint  implements  (s) ; 
Implements,  utensils,  etc.;  Indians — -Imple- 
ments and  weapons;  Industries,  Primitive; 
Stone;  Stone  age;  Tools 


Refer     from      Building     stones;      Masonry; 
Stereotomy;  Stone;  Stone-cutting  (s) 


Refer  from  Accumulators  (s) ;  Batteries 
(electric)  (s) ;  Electric  batteries;  Secondary 
batteries  (s) 


Refer  from.  Blizzards  (s) ;  Cyclones  ;  Disasters  ; 
Gales  (s) ;  Hurricanes;  Meteorology;  Thunder- 
storms; Tornadoes;  Weather;  Whirlwinds  (s) ; 
Winds 

Refer  from  Kindergarten;  Stories  (s) ;  Teach- 
ing 

Refer  from  Heating;  Iron  industr)-;  Ovens 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Arches;  Bridges; 
Building;  Elasticity;  Girders;  Graphic  statics; 
Mechanics,  Applied  ;  Roofs  ;  Steel  construction ; 
Strength  of  materials  ;  Stresses  (s) ;  Trusses 


Refer  from  Berries 


350 


Streams  see  Rivers 

Street  cars  see  Cars;  Street  railroads 

Street  cleaning 

See  also  Refuse  and  refuse  disposal 


Street  cries 

See  also  Peddlers  and  peddling 

Street  lighting  see  Lighting 
Street  railroads 

See  also  Cable  railroads  ;  Electric  railroads ; 
Elevated  railroads;  Rapid  transit;  Subways; 
Suspended    railways;    also    names    of    cities, 
subhead  Street  railroads 
Streets 

See  also  Asphalt;  Pavements;  Roads; 
Sidewalks;  Street  cleaning;  also  names  of 
cities,  subhead  Streets 

Strength  of  materials 

See  also  y\rchitecture ;  Building;  Building 
materials;  Elasticity;  Girders;  Graphic 
statics;  Masonry;  Strains  and  stresses; 
Trusses;  also  names  of  materials 


Stresses  see  Strains  and  stresses 

Strikes  and  lockouts 

See  also  Arbitration  and  conciliation,  In- 
dustrial; Blacklisting;  Boycott;  Labor  and 
laboring  classes;  Labor  unions;  Open  and 
closed  shop;  Riots;  also  special  strikes,  e.g. 
Anthracite  coal  strike,  1902 

String  figures 

Stringed  instruments 

See     also     Guitar;     Harp;     Harpsichord; 
Musical  instruments;  Piano;  Violin;  Violon- 
cello 
Structural  botany  see  Botany,  Structural 
Stucco 

See  also  Cement;  Gesso;  Plaster  and 
plastering 

Student  life 

See    also    Class    day;    College    athletics; 

College   stories;    Colleges    and    universities; 

Fraternities,  College  ;  Hazing ;  School  stories ; 

Students 
Student   self-government   see   Self-government 

(in  education) 
Student  songs  see  College  songs 
Student  volunteer  movement 


Students 

See  also  Colleges  and  universities;  Educa- 
tion; Student  life;  Student  volunteer  move- 
ment; Students'  periodicals 
Students'  periodicals 

See  also  Amateur  journalism 


Refer  from  Cities;  Cleaning;  Hygiene,  Pub- 
lic; \Iunicipal  engineering;  Refuse  and  refuse 
disposal ;  Roads  ;  Sanitary  engineering ;  Streets  ; 
Sweeping 

Refer  from  Advertising;  Cities;  Cries  (s) ; 
Peddlers  and  peddling 


Refer  from  Electric  railroads;  Horse  rail- 
roads (s)  ;  Public  serv'ice  corporations;  Rail- 
roads; Rapid  transit;  Roads;  Street  cars  (s) ; 
Tramways  (s) ;  Transportation 

Refer  from  Cities;  Civil  engineering;  High- 
ways (s) ;  Municipal  engineering;  Alunicipal 
improvement;  Pavements;  Roads;  Thorough- 
fares (s) 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Building;  Building 
materials;  Civil  engineering;  Columns;  Elas- 
ticity ;  Engineering  ;  Graphic  statics  ;  Masonry  ; 
Materials,  Strength  of  (s) ;  Mechanics  ;  Metals  ; 
Resistance  of  materials  (s) ;  Steel  construction  ; 
Strains  and  stresses;  Testing  (s) ;  Timber; 
Trusses 


Refer  from.  Arbitration  and  conciliation, 
Industrial;  Boycott;  Economics;  Labor  and 
capital;  Labor  and  laboring  classes;  Labor 
unions ;  Lockouts  (s) ;  Riots 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Cat's  cradle  (s) ; 
Games 

Refer  from  Bow  (music)  (s) ;  Bowed  instru- 
ments (s) ;  Guitar ;  Harp  ;  Musical  instruments  ; 
Orchestras;  \'iolin ;  Violoncello 


Refer  from  Building  materials;  Cement; 
Decoration  and  ornament;  Mural  painting 
and  decoration;  Plaster  and  plastering 

Refer  from  College  life  (s) ;  College  stu- 
dents (s) ;  Colleges  and  universities;  Hazing; 
School  life  (s) ;  Students 


Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities ;  Mis- 
sionaries; Alisslons ;  Allssions,  Foreign;  Stu- 
dents 

Refer  from  College  students  (s) ;  Colleges  and 
unl\crsities ;  Education;  Literary  men  (s) ; 
Student  life 

Refer  from  Amateur  journalism;  College 
periodicals  (s) ;  Colleges  and  universities; 
Journalism;  Periodicals;  Students 


351 


\ 


Study 

See  also   Education;   Research;   Scholars; 
Scientific    research;    Self-culture;    Seminary 
method;   Study  clubs;   also   subhead   Study 
and  teaching  under  various  subjects 
Study  clubs 

Si-r  also  Literary  societies 


Stuttering  see  Stammering 

Style  (in  dress)  see  Costume;  Fashion 

Style,  Literary,  see  Rhetoric 

Subconsciousness 

See  also  Faith  cure;  Hypnotism;  Person- 
ality ;  Sleep 


Sublime 

See  also  Esthetics 
Submarine  boats 

See     also     Submarine 
boats 


warfare ;     Torpedo 


Submarine  cables  see  Cables,  Submarine 
Submarine  mines  see  Mines,  Submarine 
Submarine  navigation  see  Submarine  boats 
Submarine  telegraph  see  Cables,  Submarine 
Submarine  warfare 

See    also    Mines,    Submarine;    Submarine 
boats;  Torpedo  boats;  Torpedoes 
Subsidies 

See  also  Bounties 


Subsoiling  see  Tillage 

Subterranean  water  see  Water,  Underground 

Suburban  houses  see  Architecture,  Domestic; 

Country  houses 
Subways 

See  also  Rapid  transit;  Tunnels 


Success 

See  also  Ambition;  Business;  Conduct  of 
life  ;  Fame  ;  Leadership  ;  Occupations  ;  Oppor- 
tunity;  Popularity;    Profession,    Choice  of; 
Thrift 
Succession  see  Inheritance 
Suffering 

See  also  Affliction;  Consolation;  Pain 
Suffrage 

See  also  Ballot;  Citizenship;  Election 
laws;  Elections;  Naturalization;  Negro 
suffrage;  Representative  go\-ernment  and 
representation;  Woman  suffrage 


Suffragettes  see  Woman  suffrage 

Sufiism  see  Sufism 

Sufism 

See  also  Mohammedanism 

Sugar 

See  also  Beets  and  beet  sugar;  Chemistry, 
Technical;  Confectionery;  Glucose;  Mo- 
lasses; Sorghum;  Stereochemistry;  Syrups 


Refer    from     Education;     School     children: 
Self-culture;  Teaching 


Rejer  fro7n  Clubs;  Courses  of  study  (s) ; 
Literary  societies;  Self-culture;  Study;  Wo- 
men's clubs 


Refer  from  Consciousness  ;  Habit ;  Hypnotism; 
Mind  and  body;  Psychical  research;  Psychol- 
ogy ;  Sleep ;  Suggestion 

Refer  from  Esthetics 

Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Naval  art 
and  science;  Navigation;  Shipbuilding;  Ships; 
Submarine  navigation  (s) ;  Submarine  warfare; 
Torpedo  boats ;  Warships 


Refer  fro  711  Naval  art  and  science;  Submarine 
boats 

Refer  from  Bounties;  Commerce;  Ship 
subsidies  (s) ;  Shipping;  Shipping  subsidies  (s) ; 
Transportation 


Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Engineering; 
Railroads;  Railroads,  Underground  (s) ;  Rapid 
transit;  Street  railroads;  Tunnels;  Under- 
ground roads  (s) 

Refer  from  Business;  Commerce;  Conduct 
of  life;  Ethics;  Fortune  (s) ;  Luck,  (s) ;  Oppor- 
tunity; Self-help  (s) ;  Self-made  men  (s) ; 
Wealth;  Young  men 


Refer  from  Pain 

Refer  from  Ballot;  Constitutional  law; 
Democracy;  Disfranchisement  (s) ;  Election 
laws;  Elections;  I'^lective  franchise  (s) ; 
Franchise  (s) ;  Government;  Politics;  Repre- 
sentative government  and  representation; 
Universal  suffrage  (s) ;  Voting  (s) 


Refer  from  Mohammedanism;  Mysticism; 
Sufiism  (s) 

Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Agricul- 
ture—  Tropics;  Beets  and  beet  sugar;  Chem- 
istry, Technical;  Food;  Sorghum 


352 


Sugar  beet  see  Beets  and  beet  sugar 

Suggestion 

See  also  Animal  magnetism;  Hj'pnotism; 
Mental  healing;  Mental  hygiene;  New 
thought ;  Subconsciousness  ;  Suggestive  thera- 
peutics; lliouglit  transference 

Suggestive  therapeutics 

See  also  Christian  science;  Emmanuel 
movement;  Faith  cure;  Hypnotism;  Mental 
healing 

Suicide 


Suits  at  law  see  Actions  at  law 
Sullivan's  expedition,  1779 

See  also  U.  S. —  History  —  Revolution 


Sulphur 

See     also     Geology,     Economic;     Sulphur 
springs 
Sulphur  springs 

See  also  Mineral  waters 
Summer 

See  also  Seasons 
Summer  cottages  see  Cottages;  also  Architec- 
ture, Domestic;  Country  houses 
Summer  resorts 

See  also  Health  resorts 

Summer  schools 

See    also    Teachers'    institutes;    Vacation 
schools 
Sumptuary  laws 

Sun 

See  also  Astronomy;  Astrophysics;  Eclips- 
es;   Parallax;    Solar    motors;    Solar   system; 
Spectra;  Spectrum  analysis;  Sun  spots 
Sun  dance 

See  also  Indians  —  Dances 
Sun-dials  see  Sundials 
Sun  spots 
Sun  w^orship 

See  also  Sun  dance 
Sunday 

See  also  Church  attendance 


Sunday  school  entertainments 

See  also  Christmas  entertainments  ;  Church 
entertainments 
Sunday  school  lessons 

See  also  Bible  —  Question  books;  Bible  — 
Study  and  teaching 
Sunday  school  libraries 

Sunday  schools 

.S'^'^     also     Bible  —  Study     and     teaching; 
Religious   education;    Sunday   school   enter- 
tainments;  Sunday  school  lessons;   Sunday 
sciujol  libraries 
Sundials 


Sunstroke  see  Heatstroke 


Refer  from  Animal  magnetism;  Autosug- 
gestion (s) ;  Hypnotism  ;  Mental  suggestion  (s) ; 
Mind  and  body  ;  Psychical  research  ;  Psychology 


Refer  from  Faith  cure;  Hypnotism;  Mental 
healing;  Psychotherapy  (s) ;  Suggestion;  Ther- 
apeutics 

Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Death; 
Ethics;  Insanity;  Medical  jurisprudence; 
Mental  diseases;  Murder 


Refer  from  Iroquois  Indians;  U.  S. — 
History — Revolution  —  Campaigns  and 
battles 

Refer  from  Chemical  elements;  Geology, 
Economic;  Mines  and  mineral  resources 

Refer  from  Mineral  waters;  Springs;  Sulphur 

Refer  from  Seasons 


Refer  from  Health  resorts ;  Resorts  (s) ; 
Vacations;  Watering  places  (s) 

Refer  from  Education;  Schools;  V'acation 
schools 

Refer  from  Clotliing;  Economics;  Extrava- 
gance; Law;  Luxury 

Refer  from.  Astronomy;  Astrophysics;  Eclips- 
es; Heat;  Light;  Solar  heat  (s) ;  Solar  phys- 
ics (s) ;  Solar  system 

Refer  from  Indians  —  Dances;  Sun  worship 

Refer  from  Meteorology;  Sun 

Refer  from  Nature  worship;  Worship 

Refer  from  Church  work;  Church  polity; 
Ethics;  Fasts  and  feasts;  Religion;  Sab- 
bath (s) ;  Theology 

Refer  from  Church  entertainments;  Enter- 
tainments; Sunday  schools 

Refer  from  Bible —  Stud}-  and  teaching; 
Sunday  schools 

Refer  from  Children's  literature;  Libraries; 
Libraries,  Sunday  school  (s) ;  Sunda)'  schools 

Refer  from  Bible  —  Study  and  teacliing; 
Bible  classes  (s) ;  Children;  Church  work; 
Education;  Religious  education;  Schools 

Refer  from  Archaeology;  Dialing  (s) ; 
Dials  (s)  ;  Gnomonics  (s)  ;  Sun-dials  (s) ; 
Timekeepers 


353 


Superintendents,    School,    see    School    superin- 
tendents and  principals 

Supernatural 

See  also  Apparitions;  Inspiration;  Mir- 
acles; Psychical  research;  Religion;  Spirit- 
ualism; Superstition;  Theology 

Superstition 

Sec  also  Alchemy;  Amulets;  Apparitions; 
Astrology;  Charms;  Demonology;  Devil; 
Divination;  Dreams;  Evil  eye;  Fairies; 
Fetishism  ;  Folklore ;  Fortune  telling ;  Ghosts  ; 
Halloween;  Legends;  Magic;  Mythology; 
Occult  sciences  ;  Omens  ;  Oracles  ;  Palmistry  ; 
Relics  ;  Religions  ;  Second  sight ;  Spiritualism  ; 
Supernatural;  Totems  and  totemism  ;  Vam- 
pires; Voodooism ;  Weather  lore;  Wer- 
wolves; Witchcraft 
Supply  and  demand 

See  also  Competition;  Consumption  (eco- 
nomics); Economics;  Exchange;  Prices; 
Value 

Suppuration 

See  also  Abscess;  Inflammation;  Ulcers 

Supremacy  of  the  pope  see  Popes  —  Authority 

and  supremacy 
Sureties  see  Guaranties  and  sureties 
Surfaces 

Surgeons  see  Physicians  and  surgeons 
Surgery 

See  also  Accidents  ;  Amputation  ;  Anatomy  ; 
Anesthetics  ;  Antiseptics ;  Appendicitis  ;  Au- 
topsy ;  Bandages  and  bandaging;  Blood- 
letting; Bones;  Deformities;  Dentistry; 
Diagnosis;  Dislocations;  Dissection;  First 
aid  in  illness  and  injury ;  Fractures  ;  Medicine  ; 
Physicians  and  surgeons;  Skin  grafting; 
Surgery,  Military;  Surgery,  Naval;  Surgical 
instruments;  Trephining;  Tumors;  Vivisec- 
tion ;  Wounds 

Military 

See  also  Ambulances;  Battlefield  relief; 
First  aid  in  illness  and  injury;  Surgery, 
Naval ;  Wounds 

Naval 

See  also  W^ounds 


Surgical  instruments 

Surnames  see  Names,  Personal 

Surrogate  law  see  Probate  law  and  practice 

Surveying 

See  also  Altitudes;  Civil  engineering; 
Engineering;  Geodesy;  Geography,  Mathe- 
matical; Hydrography;  Logarithms;  Mine 
surveying;  Photographic  surveying;  Rail- 
road engineering;  Surveying  instruments; 
Topographical  drawing;  Traverse  tables; 
Trigonometry 

Surveying  instruments 

See  also  Baronu'tcr  ;  Compass  ;  Micrometer  ; 
Planimeter;  Sextant;  Transit  (instrument) 


Refer  from  Miracles;  Philosophy 
Superstition 


Rel 


igion ; 


Refer  from  Delusions  (s) ;  Demonology; 
Divination;  Errors,  Popular;  Evil  eye;  Folk- 
lore; Ghosts;  Idolatry;  Mythology;  Religion; 
Supernatural;  Witchcraft 


Refer  from  Competition;  Consumption  (eco- 
nomics); Demand  and  supply  (s) ;  Economics; 
Exchange;  Law  of  supply  and  demand  (s) ; 
Prices;  Tariff  question;  Value 

Refer  from  Abscess;  Inflammation;  Path- 
ology; Pus  (s) ;  Ulcers 


Refer  from  Curved  surfaces  (s) ;  Geometry 
Geometry,  Analytic 


jRf/fr/row  Accidents  ;  Amputation  ;  Anatomy; 
Bandages  and  bandaging;  Dislocations;  Frac- 
tures; Medicine;  Medicine  —  Practice;  Opera- 
tions, Surgical  (s) ;  Wounds 


Refer  from  Battlefield  relief;  Medicine,  Mili- 
tary; Military  hygiene;  Military  surgery  (s) ; 
Surgery 

Refer  from  Naval  surgery  (s) ;  Surgery; 
Surgery,  Alllitary 

Refer  from  Instruments;  Surgery 


Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Engineering; 
Geodetic  surveying  (s) ;  Geodesy;  Geography; 
Geography,  Mathematical;  Land;  Land  sur- 
veying (s) ;  Leveling  (s) ;  Logarithms;  Mathe- 
matics; Mensuration;  Railroad  engineering; 
Railroads;  Topographical  surveying  (s) ;  To- 
pography (s) ;  Traverse  tables;  Triangula- 
tion  (s) ;  Trigonometry 

Refer  from  Instruments;  Mathematical  in- 
struments; Sextant;  Surveying;  Transit  (in- 
strument) 


554 


Surveys  see  Geological  surveys;  Soil  surveys; 
also  names  of  countries  and  states,  subhead 
Surveys 
Survival  of  the  fittest  see  Natural  selection 
Survivorship  Refer    from     Inheritance;     Law;     Medical 

jurisprudence 
Suspended  animation 

See  also  Burial,  Premature;  Drowning  Refer     from     Animation,      Suspended      (s) ; 

Death,  Apparent  (sj ;  Drowning;  Medicine  — 
Practice 
Suspended  railways 

S^f  a/jo  Cableways  ;  Telpherage  Refer  from    Cableways  ;    Electric    railroads; 

Monorailways   (s) ;   Mountain  railroads;   Rail- 
roads;    Railroads  —  Single     rail;     Railroads, 
Suspended  (s) ;  Street  railroads 
Suspended  sentence  see  Probation  system 
Suspension  bridges  see  Bridges 
Svastika  see  Swastika 
Swamps  see  Alarshes 
Swastika  Refer    from     Charms;     Cross;     Fylfot     (s) ; 

Svastika  (s) ;  Symbolism 
Swearing 

See  also  Oaths  Refer  from  Ethics;  Oaths;  Profanity  (s) 

Sweating  system 

See  also  Child  labor;  Consumers'  leagues;  ^^/i^r/ro??!  Child  labor ;  Clothing  ;  Consumers' 

Home  labor ;  Women  —  Employment  leagues;  Home  labor;  Hours  of  labor;  Labor 

and    laboring    classes;    Manufactures;    Poor; 
Wages  ;  Women  —  Employment 
Swedenborgianism  see  New  Jerusalem  church 
Swedes  in  the  U.  S. 

See  also  Scandinavians  in  the  \] .  S.  Refer   from    Scandinavians    in    the    U.    S. ; 

U.  S.  —  Foreign  population 
Swedish  language 

See  also  Scandina\ian  languages  Refer  from  Germanic  languages;  Scandina- 

vian languages 
Swedish  literature 

See  also  Authors,   Swedish;  Scandinavian  Refer  fro yn  Authors,  Swedish;  Scandinavian 

literature  literature 

Swedish  movement  cure 

See  also  G\'mnastics,  Medical;  Mechano-  Refer  from  Gymnastics,  Medical;  Massage; 

therapy  Mechanotherapy;  Movement  cure  (s) ;  Thera- 

peutics 
Sweeping 

See   also   Brooms    and    brushes;    Chimney  ^^/^r /row  Carpets  ;  Cleaning  ;  Floors  ;  Home 

sweeping;  Street  cleaning;  Vacuum  cleaning       economics;  House  cleaning 
s\"stems 
Swimming 

See  also  Aquatic  sports;  Baths  and  bath-  Refer    from     Animal     locomotion;     Aquatic 

ing;  Diving  sports;  Athletics;  Baths  and  bathing;  Diving; 

Drowning;  Sports;  Water 
Swindlers  and  swindling 

See  also  Antiques,  Forged;  Art  forgeries;  Refer    from     Crime     and     criminals;     Delu- 

Fraud  ;  Quacks  and  quackery  sions    (s) ;    Fraud;    Humbug    (s) ;    Imposture; 

Quacks  and  quackery 
Swine 

See  also  Feeding  and  feeding  stuffs;  Live  Refer    from     Domestic    animals;     Hog    (s) ; 

stock;  L'ngulata;  Veterinary  medicine  Hogs  (s) ;  Live  stock;  Pig  (s) ;  Pigs  (s) ;  Ungu- 

lata  ;  Veterinary  medicine 
Switchboards  Refer  from  Dynamos;  Electric  apparatus  and 

appliances;  Electric  lighting;  Electric  switch- 
boards   (s) ;    Electricity — Distribution;    Tele- 
phone 
Switches,  Railroad,  see  Railroads  —  Switches 
Swords 

See  also  Arms  and  armor;  Fencing  Refer  from  Arms  and  armor;  Broadsword  (s) ; 


Fencing;  Saber  (s) ;  Sabre  (s) ;  Weapons  (s) 


355 


Syllogisms  see  Logic 

Symbolics  see  Creeds 

Symbolism 

Hee  also  Christian  art  and  symbolism; 
Cross;  Devices;  Emblems;  Scarabs;  Swas- 
tika ;  Symbolism  in  literature 

S\"mbc)lism  (thcoloey)  see  Creeds 

Symbolism  in  literature 

Symmetry 

See  also  Esthetics ;  Proportion  (art) 
Sympathy 

See  also  Emotions;  Friendship 

Symphonies 

See  also  Orchestral  music 

Symptoms  see  Diagnosis 
Synods  see  Councils  and  synods 
Synonyms  and  antonyms 

See  also  Synon)-ms  and  antonyms,  English  ; 
also  names  of  languages  other  than  English 
— — English 


Synoptic  Gospels  see  Bible  —  New  Testament 

—  Gospels 
Syntax  see  Grammar 
Syrups 

See  also  Molasses 
Table 

See  also  Breakfasts;  Carving  (meat,  etc.); 
Catering;    Cookery;    Dinners    and    dining; 
Eating;  Food;  Luncheons;  Menus;  Waiters 
Table-moving  see  Spiritualism 
Table-talk 

See  also  Anecdotes 


Table  tennis  see  Ping-pong 
Tableaux 

See  also  Amateur  theatricals 

Tables,  Interest,  see  Interest  tables 

Tables,     Mathematical,     see     Mathematics  — 

Tables,  etc.  ;  Logarithms 
Tabulating  machines 

Tachygraphy  see  Shorthand 
Tactics 

See  also  Artillery  drill  and  tactics;  Ca\-alry 

drill  and  tactics;  Drill  (military);  Infantry 

drill  and  tactics;  Military  art  and  science; 

Military    maneuvers;    Naval    tactics;    War 

games 
Taeping  rebellion  see  Taiping  rebellion 
Tailoring 

See  also  Dressmaking;  Tailors 


Tailors 

Taiping  rebellion 

See  also  China 

Taj  Mahal 


History 


Refer  from  Art;  Cross;  Devices;  Emblems: 
Religion 


Refer  from    French    literature;    Idealism    in 
literature;  Literature;  Symbolism 

Refer  from  Esthetics;  Proportion  (art) 

Refer    from     Compassion     (s) ;     Emotions; 
Ethics;  Friendship 

Refer    from     Instrumental     music;     Music; 
Music  —  Scores  ;  Orchestral  music 


Refer  from  Antonyms  (s) ;  Language;  Words 

Refer  from  Dictionaries,  English;  English 
language;  English  language — -Synonyms  (s) ; 
English  synonyms  (s) ;  Synonyms  and  anto- 
nyms 


Refer  from  Sirups  (s) ;  Sugar 

Refer  from  Catering;  Cookery;  Dinners 
and  dining;  Eating;  Food;  Home  economics; 
Meals  (s) ;  Menus 


Refer  from  Anecdotes;  Aphorisms  (s) ; 
Apothegms  (s) ;  Biography;  Conversation; 
Epigrams;  Humor;  Sayings  (s) ;  Talking  (s) 


Refer    from    Amateur    theatricals;     Amuse- 
ments; Drama;  Entertainments 


Refer  from    Calculating   machines;    Census: 
Machinery;  Statistics 


Refer  from  Artillery  drill  and  tactics;  Cavalry 
drill  and  tactics;  Drill  (military);  Infantry 
drill  and  tactics;  Military  art  and  science; 
Military  maneuvers;  Military  tactics  (s) 


Refer  from  Clothing;  Cutting  (s) ;  Dress- 
making; Fashion;  Garment  cutting;  Needle- 
work 

Refer  from  Biography;  Tailoring 

Refer  from  China- — -History;  Taeping  re- 
bellion (s) 

Refer  from  Architecture,  Oriental;  Tombs 


356 


Takigraphy  see  Shorthand 
Talent 

See  also  Ability;  Genius 
Talismans  see  Amulets;  Charms 
Talking  see  Conversation;  Table-talk 
Talking  machines  see  Phonograph 
Tall    buildings  see  High  buildings 
Talmud 


Tambourine  drill  see  Drills  and  marches 
Tamil  language  and  literature 

See    also    Dravidian    languages;    Oriental 
literature 

Tammany  Hall 

See  also   New  York  (city)  —  Government 
and  politics 
Tamul    language    and     literature     see     Tamil 

language  and  literature 
Tanning 

See  also  Hides  and  skins;  Leather 

Taoism 

See    also    China  —  Religion ;    Philosophy, 
Chinese 

Taouism  see  Taoism 
Tapestry 

See     also      Bayeux     tapestry;     Drapery; 
Gobelin  tapestry 


Target  practice 

See  also  Gunnery;  Rifle  practice 


Tariff 

5^1?  also  Balance  of  trade;  Commerce: 
Commercial  treaties;  Corn  laws;  Draw- 
backs; Economics;  Reciprocity;  Smuggling; 
Tariff  question;  Taxation;  Warehouses 


-U.  S. 

See  also  U.  S. 


Revenue 


Tariff  question 

See    also    Balance    of    trade;    Economics: 
Reciprocity;  Supply  and  demand 


Free  Trade 

Protection 

Tartans 

See  also  Clans 


Tartars 

See    also    China  —  History;    Manchuria 
Mongols 
Taste  (esthetics)  see  Esthetics 
Taste  (sense) 

See  also  Senses  and  sensation 


Refer  from  Ability;  Genius;  Intellect 


Refer  from  Bible  —  Old  Testament;  Hebrew 
literature;  Jewish  literature;  Jews — ^  Re- 
ligion; Sacred  books 


Refer  from  Dravidian  languages;  Oriental 
languages;  Oriental  literature;  Tamul  lan- 
guage and  literature  (s) 

Refer  from  Democratic  part}';  Xew  York 
(city)  — •  Government  and  politics 


Refer  from  Hides  and  skins;  Industrial  arts; 
Leather 

Refer  from  China  —  Religion  ;  Confucianism  ; 
Philosophy;  Philosophy,  Chinese;  Religions; 
Taouism  (s) 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Decoration  and 
ornament;  Drapery;  House  decoration;  Mural 
painting  and  decoration;  Needlework;  Textile 
design;  Textile  industry  and  fabrics;  Wall 
paper 

Refer  from  Artillery  drill  and  tactics;  Fire- 
arms; Gunnery;  Infantry  drill  and  tactics; 
Military  art  and  science  ;  Naval  art  and  science ; 
Rifle  practice;  Shooting 

Refer  from  Balance  of  trade;  Commerce; 
Commercial  treaties;  Customs  (s) ;  Duties  (s) ; 
Economics ;  Exportation  (s) ;  Exports  (s) ; 
Finance;  Imports  (s) ;  Revenue  (s) ;  Taxation; 
Trade  (s) 

Refer  from  Taxation  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S.  —  Com- 
merce; U.  S.  —  Economic  conditions;  U.  S.  — - 
Finance;  U.  S.  — Politics;  U.  S.  —  Revenue; 

U.  S.  — Tariff  (s) 

Refer  from  Balance  of  trade;  Campaign 
literature;  Commerce;  Economics;  Free 
trade  (s) ;  Protection  (s) ;  Reciprocitv;  Tariff; 
U.  S.  —  Politics 


Refer  from  Clans;  Costume  —  Scotland; 
Highlands  of  Scotland;  Plaids  (s) ;  Scotch 
plaids  (s) 

Refer  from  China  —  History;  Manchuria; 
Mongols;  Tatars  (s) 


Refer  from  Senses  and  sensation 


357 


Tatars  see  Tartars 

Tattooing 

Ta\'erns  see  Hotels;  Inns 

Taxation 

^ee  also  Absenteeism;  Appraising;  Cor- 
porations—  Taxation;  Danegeld  ;  Econom- 
ics; Finance;  Income  tax;  Inheritance  and 
transfer  tax;  Internal  revenue  laws;  Munici- 
pal finance;  Poll  tax;  Railroads  —  Taxa- 
tion; Scutage;  Single  tax;  Stamp  duties; 
Tariff;  Taxation,  Progressive;  Tithes;  To- 
bacco —  Taxation  ;  Unearned  increment 

Exemption  from 

See  also  Church  property 


-Progressive 

See   also   Income   tax;    Inheritance   and 
transfer  tax 


-u.  s. 

See  also  Boston  tea  party,   1773  ;  Tariff 
-  U.  S.;  U.  S.  —  Revenue 


Taxidermy 

Tea 

See  also  Beverages;  Boston  tea  party,  1773 

Teachers 

See  also  Education;  Educational  associa- 
tions; Educators;  Normal  schools;  School 
superintendents  and  principals;  Teachers' 
institutes ;  Teaching 

Certificates,  see  Teachers  —  Examinations 

and  certificates 
Examinations  and  certificates 


-Pensions,    see    Teachers  —  Salaries,    pen- 
sions, etc. 
-Salaries,  pensions,  etc. 


Training 

See     also     Normal     schools;     Teachers' 
institutes 
Teachers'  certificates  see  Teachers  —  Examina- 
tions and  certificates 
Teachers'     examinations    see    Teachers  —  Ex- 
aminations and  certificates 
Teachers'  institutes 

See  also  Teachers  —  Training 


Teachers'    pensions    see     Teachers  —  Salaries, 

pensions,  etc. 
Teachers'     salaries     see     Teachers  —  Salaries, 

pensions,  etc. 
Teaching 

See  also  Busy  work;  Child  study;  Corporal 

punishment;    Curriculum;    Education;    Ex- 


Refer from  Ethnology;  Manners  and  customs 


Refer  from  Appraising;  Assessment  (s) ; 
Direct  taxation  (s) ;  Economics;  Finance; 
Government;  Income  tax;  Inheritance  and 
transfer  tax;  Internal  revenue  (s) ;  Land; 
Land  tenure;  Personal  property;  Property; 
Real  estate;  Revenue  (s) ;  Tariff 


Refer  from  Church  and  state;  Church 
finance;  Church  property;  Colleges  and 
universities;  Exemption  from  taxation  (s) ; 
Libraries;  Private  schools 

Refer  from  Graduated  taxation  (s) ;  Income 
tax;  Inheritance  and  transfer  tax;  Progressive 
taxation  (s) ;  Proportional  taxation  (s) ;  Taxa- 
tion 

Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Economic  conditions; 
U.  S.  —  F'inance;  U.  S.  —  Revenue;  U.  S. — 
Taxation  (s) 

Refer  from  Animals;  Birds;  Natural  history; 
Zoology 

Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Agricul- 
ture— -Tropics;  Beverages;  Stimulants 

Refer  from  Biography;  Education;  Educa- 
tors; Public  schools;  Schoolmasters  (s) ; 
Teaching 


Refer  from  Certificates,  Teachers'  (s) ; 
Examinations;  Teachers  —  Certificates  (s) ; 
Teachers'  certificates  (s) ;  Teachers'  examina- 
tions (s) 


Refer  from  Civil  service  pensions;  Pensions; 
Salaries;  Teachers — Pensions  (s) ;  Teachers' 
pensions  (s) ;  Teachers'  salaries  (s) 

Refer  from  Normal  schools;  Teachers' 
institutes;  Teaching 


Refer  from  Institutes,  Teachers'  (s) ;  Sum- 
mer schools;  Teachers;  Teacliers  —  Training; 
Teaching 


Refer  from    Didactics    (s) ;    Education;    In- 
struction    (s) ;     Pedagogy     (s) ;     Professions; 


358 


Teaching  —  Continued 

aminations  ;  Kindergarten;  Memory;  Nature 
study;  Object  teaching;  Psychology,  Edu- 
cational; Quincy  system;  School  grading 
and  promotions;  School  management;  Semi- 
nary method;  Story-telling;  Study;  Teach- 
ers; Teachers  —  Training;  Teachers'  in- 
stitutes; also  subhead  Study  and  teaching 
under  \'arious  subjects 

Departmental  system 

Technical  chemistry  see  Chemistry,  Technical 
Technical  dictionaries 

Technical  education 

See  also  Apprentices ;  Correspondence 
schools  and  courses;  Foremen's  schools; 
Forestry  schools  and  education;  Industrial 
education;  Manual  training;  Mechanics' 
institutes;  Mining  schools  and  education; 
Professional  education;  Trade  schools;  Vo- 
cational education;  also  subhead  Study  and 
teaching  under  various  subjects,  e.g.  Engi- 
neering—  Study  and  teaching 
Technology 

See  also  Chemistry,  Technical ;  Engineer- 
ing; Industrial  arts,  and  references  under 
that  subject;  Manufactures;  Metallurgy; 
Photography;  Technical  dictionaries;  Tech- 
nical education 
Teeth 

See  also  Dentistry 


Teetotalism  see  Temperance 

Telautogfaph 

Telegraph 

See  also  Cables,  Submarine;  Electric  wire 
and  wiring ;  Poles  ;  Postal  telegraph  ;  Telauto- 
graph ;  Telegraph  codes;  Telephotography; 
Train  despatching;  Wireless  telegraphy 

Postal,  see  Postal  telegraph 

Submarine,  see  Cables,  Submarine 

Wireless,  see  Wireless  telegraphy 

Telegraph  codes 


Telegraph  poles  see  Poles 
Telegraphic  codes  see  Telegraph  codes 
Telegraphy  see  Telegraph 
Teleology 

See     also      Creation;      Evolution;      God; 
Metaphysics;  Natural  religion 


Telepathy  see  Mind  reading;  Thought  trans- 
ference 

Telephone 

See  also  Electric  wire  and  wiring;  Micro- 
phone ;  Poles  ;  Switchboards  ;  Telcphonograph 

Wireless 

Telephone  poles  see  Poles 
Telephonograph 

Telephony  see  Telephone 


Public    schools;    School    management;    School 
teaching  (s) ;  Teachers;  Training 


Refer  from   Departmental   system   of  teach- 
ing (s) 


Refer   from 
Technology 


Dictionaries;    Industrial    arts; 


Refer  from  Education;  Education,  High- 
er (s) ;  Education,  Technical  (s) ;  Higher  edu- 
cation (s) ;  Industrial  arts;  Industrial  educa- 
tion ;  Manual  training ;  Polytechnic  schools  (s) ; 
Professional  education;  Science — Study  and 
teaching;  Technology;  Vocational  education 


Refer  from    Applied    science    (s) ;    Industrial 
arts;  Manufactures;  Science 


Refer  from  Anatomy;  Beauty,  Personal; 
Dentistry;  Digestive  system;  Mouth;  Odon- 
tology (s) 

Refer  from  Electric  engineering;  Telegraph 

Refer  from  Ciphers;  Communication;  Elec- 
tric engineering;  Electric  telegraph  (s) ;  Elec- 
tricity; Public  service  corporations;  Signals; 
Telegraphy  (s) 


Refer  from  Cable  codes  (s) ;  Cipher  codes  (s) ; 
Ciphers;  Codes,  Telegraphic  (s) ;  Commerce; 
Communication;  Telegraph;  Telegraphic 
codes  (s) 


Refer  from  Causation;  Creation;  Design, 
Argument  for  (s) ;  Evolution;  Final  cause  (s) ; 
God;  Metaphysics;  Philosophy;  Theolo'gy; 
Universe 


Refer  from  Communication;  Electric  engi- 
neering ;  Electricity  ;  Public  service  corporations; 
Sound  ;  Telephony  (s) 

Refer  from  Wireless  telephony  (s) 

Refer  from  Phonograph;  Telephone 


359 


Telephotography 
Telescope 

See  also  Astronomical  instruments 

Telpherage 

See  also  Cableways  ;  Conveying  machinery 


Temperament 

See  also  Character;  Melancholy;  Nervous 
system 
Temperance 

See  also  Alcohol;  Alcohol  —  Physiological 
effects;  Alcoholism;  Beverages;  Canteens 
(army);  Drinking  customs;  Liquor  laws; 
Liquor  problem;  Liquor  traffic;  Liquors, 
and  names  of  liquors;  Local  option;  Narcot- 
ic habit;  Opium;  Prohibition;  Smoking; 
Stimulants;  Tobacco 

Temperature 

See    also    Animal    heat;    Boiling    points; 
Climate;       Cold;       Earth  —  Temperature; 
Heat;  Melting  points;  Meteorology;  Plants, 
Effect  of  temperature  on 
Templars 

See  also  Chivalry.  For  the  modern  order 
'ee  Freemasons  —  Templars 


Temples 

See    also    Architecture, 
architecture;  Mosques 


Oriental ;    Church 


Temporal  power  of  the  pope  see  Popes  —  Tem- 
poral power 

Temptation 

See  also  Evil ;  Fall  of  man  ;  Jesus  Christ  — 
Temptation ;  Sin 

Ten  commandments  see  Commandments 

Ten-hour  day  see  Hours  of  labor 

Ten  pins  see  Bowling 

Ten  tribes  of  Israel  see  Jews  —  Lost  tribes 

Tenants  see  Landlord  and  tenant 

Tenement  houses 

See  also  Apartment  houses;  Arcliitecture, 
Domestic  ;  Housing  problem  ;  Lodging  houses; 
Poor ;  Slums 

Tennis 

See  also  Ping-pong;  Rackets  (game) 
Tenpins  see  Bowling 
Tents 

See  also  Camping 

Tenure  of  land  see  Land  tenure 
Tenure  of  office  see  Civil  service 
Teratology  see  Deformities;  Monsters 
Terminology  see   Names;   also   under   subject, 
e.g.    Botany — -Nomenclature;    Medicine  — 
Nomenclature;  Zoology  —  Nomenclature 
Terra  cotta 

See  also  Pottery ;  Tiles 

Tcrrariums  see  Vivariums 


Refer  from  Photography;  Telegraph 

^r,''fr /row  Astronomical  instruments;  Opti- 
cal instruments;  Reflecting  telescope  (s) 

Refer  from  Cableways;  Conveying  machin- 
ery; Electricity;  Suspended  railways;  Trans- 
portation 

Refer  from  Character;  Nervous  system; 
Pathology;  Psychology 

Refer  from  Abstinence  (s) ;  Alcohol;  Alcohol- 
ism; Beverages;  Conduct  of  life;  Drinking 
customs;  Drunkenness  (s) ;  Ethics;  Food; 
Hygiene;  Inebriates  (s) ;  Intemperance  (s) ; 
Intoxication  (s) ;  Liquor  problem;  Liquor 
traffic;  Liquors;  Prohibition;  Saloons  (s) ; 
Sociology;  Stimulants;  Teetotalism  (s) ;  Total 
abstinence  (s) ;  Wine 

Refer  from  Climate;  Cold;  Heat;  Meteor- 
ology 


Refer  from  Chivalry;  Freemasons  —  Tem- 
plars; Knights  and  knighthood;  Knights  tem- 
plars (military  order)  (s) ;  Order  of  the  temple  (s); 
Religious  orders ;  Secret  societies 

Refer  from  Archaeology  ;  Architecture  ;  Archi- 
tecture, Ancient;  Architecture,  Greek;  Archi- 
tecture, Oriental;  Church  architecture;  Re- 
ligious architecture  (s) 


Refer  from  Ethics;  Evil;  Sin;  Theology 


Refer  from  Apartment  houses;  Architec- 
ture, Domestic;  Building  laws;  Housing  prob- 
lem; Hygiene,  Public;  Landlord  and  tenant; 
Municipal  improvement;  Poor;  Slums 

Refer  from  Games;  Lawn  tennis  (s) 


Refer    from     Camping;     Military     art     and 
science 


Refer  from    Building    materials;    Decoration 
and  ornament;  Pottery 


360 


Terrestrial  magnetism  j-^-^  Magnetism,  Terrestri- 


Territories  (U.  S.)  see  U.  S.  —  Territories 
Terror,  Reign  of,  see  French  revolution 
Tertiary   period  see   Geology,   Stratigraphic  — 

Tertiary;  Paleontology  —  Tertiary 
Testimony  see  Evidence 

Testing  see  Strength  of  materials;  also  subject 
tested,  e.g.  Boilers  —  Testing;  Electric  test- 
ing 
Tetanus 

See  also  Antitoxins 

Teutonic  knights 

See  also  Prussia  —  History 


Teutonic  languages  see  Germanic  languages 
Teutonic  mythology  see  Mythology,  Germanic 
Teutonic  order  see  Teutonic  knights 
Teutonic  race 

See  also  Anglo-Saxons;   Aryans;   Franks; 
Goths ;  Vandals 
Teutons  see  Teutonic  race 
Text-books  see  Textbooks 
Textbooks 

See  also  Primers;  Readers;  Spellers 


Textile  design 

See  also  Tapestry 


Textile  fabrics  see  Textile  industry  and  fabrics 
Textile  factories 

See    also    Looms;    Textile    industry    and 
fabrics 


Textile  fibers  see  Fibers 
Textile  industry  and  fabrics 

See  also  Blankets;  Bleaching;  Calico 
printing;  Carpets;  Chemistry,  Technical; 
Clothing;  Cotton;  Cotton  —  Cultivation 
and  manufacture;  Dry  goods;  Dyes  and 
dyeing;  Embroidery;  Fibers;  Flax;  Hosiery; 
Khaki ;  Linen  ;  Mercerization  ;  Rugs  ;  Shawls  ; 
Silk;  Spinning;  Tapestry;  Textile  design; 
Textile  factories;  Underwear;  Waterproof- 
ing; Weaving;  Wool;  Woolen  manufacture; 
Worsted ;  Yarn 
Thalassography  see  Hydrography;  Marine 
bioloiry  ;  Ocean 


Thanksgiving  day 


Theater 

See  also  Acting;  Actors;  Amateur  theatri- 
cals; Ballet;  Drama  ;  Make-up,  Theatrical ; 
Masques  (plays);  Minstrel  shows;  Miracle, 
morality  and  mystery  plaj-s;  Mo\-ing  pic- 
tures; Opera;  Pantomime;  Passion  plays; 
Puppet  plays;  Scene  painting;  Shakespeare, 
William — -Stage  presentation;  Theaters; 
Vaudeville 


Refer  from   Lockjaw   (s) 
tice;  Trismus  (s) 


Medicine  —  Prac- 


Refer  from  Chivalry;  Knights  and  knight- 
hood;  Knights  of  the  cross  (sj ;  Middle  ages  — 
History;  Order  of  Teutonic  knights  (s) ; 
Poland — -History;  Prussia  —  History;  Re- 
ligious orders;  Teutonic  order  (s) 


Refer  from  Anglo-Saxons;  Aryans;  Civiliza- 
tion; Germanic  race  (s) ;  Teutons  (s) 


Refer     from      Books;      Education; 
books  (s) ;  Text-books  (s) 


School 


Refer  from  Calico  printing;  Decoration  and 
ornament;  Design,  Decorative;  Textile  in- 
dustry and  fabrics 


Refer  from  Cotton  —  Cultivation  and  manu- 
facture; Cotton  mills  (s) ;  Factories;  Mills 
and  millwork;  Textile  industry  and  fabrics; 
Woolen  manufacture;  Woolen  mills  (s) 


Refer  from  Chemistry,  Technical;  Cloth  (s) ; 
Clothing;  Cotton;  Cotton  —  Cultivation  and 
manufacture;  Dry  goods;  Fibers;  Industrial 
arts;  Linen;  Manufactures;  Silk;  Spinning; 
Textile  fabrics  (s) ;  Textile  factories;  Weav'ing; 
Wool;  Woolen  manufacture;  Worsted;  Yarn 


Refer  from  Fasts  and  feasts;  Holidays; 
New  England  —  Social  life  and  customs; 
Pilgrim  fathers;  Puritans;  U.  S. — ^  Social 
life  and  customs 

Refer  from  Acting;  Actors;  Amusements; 
Drama;  Entertainments;  Ethics;  Histri- 
onics (s) ;  Stage  (s) ;  Theatre  (s) ;  Vaudeville 


361 


Theater  —  Continued 

— u.  s. 

See  also  American  drama;   Dramatists,  Refer  from   American   drama;   U.   S.  — Tlie- 

American  ater  (s) 

Theater  buildings  see  Theaters 

Theater  fires  see  Fires;  Theaters 

Theaters  [buildings] 

See  also  Music  hails;  also  names  of  cities,  Refer  from   Architecture;  Opera   houses   (s)  ; 

subhead  Theaters  Theater;     Theater     buildings      (s) ;     Theater 

Theatre  see  Theater  fires  {s) 

Theatrical    make-up   see   Make-up,    Theatrical 

Theatricals,  Amateur,  see  Amateur  theatricals 

Theft  see  Larceny;  also  Embezzlement 

Theism 

See    also    Atheism;    Christianity;    Deism;  Refer  from    Atheism;    Christianity;    Deism; 

God;  Natural  religion;  Theology  God;  Philosopln^  ;  Religion;  Theology 

Theme-writing  see  Rhetoric 

Theocracy  Refer  from  God;  Go\'ernment 

Theodicy  see  God 

Theological  education  see  Theological  schools; 
Theology  —  Study  and  teaching 

Theological  schools 

See  also  Theolog}- —  Study  and  teaching  Refer  from  Divinity  schools  (s) ;  Education; 

Theological  education  (s) ;  Theology;  Theology 
—  Study  and  teaching 

Theology    [including    the    Christian    doctrines. 
For    history    of    religion    see    Religions. 
For  Christian  evidences  see  Christianity 
—  Evidences] 
See    also     Absolute,     The;     Agnosticism;  Refer   from     Bible;    Bible  —  Theology    (s) ; 

Angels;  Annihilation;  Antichrist;  Antino-  Biblical  theology  (s) ;  Christian  doctrine  (s) ; 
mianism;  Apostles;  Apostolic  canons;  Apos-  Christianity;  Church  history;  Creation;  1  i- 
tolic  constitutions;  Apostolic  succession;  vinity  (s) ;  Doctrinal  theology  (s) ;  Doctrines  (s)  : 
Arminianism;  Atonement;  Authority  (in  Dogmatic  theology  (s) ;  Faith;  God;  Natura- 
religion) ;  Baptism  ;  Belief ;  Bible  ;  Calvinism  ;  religion;  Philosophy;  Religion;  Re\-elation; 
Catechrsms;  Celibacy ;  Christianity  ;  Church  ;  Science;  Sociology;  Supernatural;  Theism 
Church  history;  Church  polity;  Clergy; 
Confession;  Confirmation;  Conscience;  Con- 
version; Creation;  Creeds;  Cross;  Death; 
Deism;  Depravity;  Devil;  Eschatology; 
Ethics ;  Evil ;  Faith  ;  Fall  of  man  ;  Fanaticism  ; 
Fathers  of  the  church;  Free  religion;  Free- 
dom of  the  will;  Future  life;  Future  punish- 
ment; God;  Grace  (theology);  Heaven; 
Hell;  Heresy;  Holy  Spirit;  Incarnation; 
Infallibility;  Inspiration;  Jesus  Christ; 
Judgment  day;  Justification;  Kingdom  of 
God;  Liberalism;  Liberty  of  conscience; 
Lord's  supper;  Manicheism;  Mass;  Material- 
ism; Millennium;  Miracles;  Alodernism; 
Monotheism;  Mysticism;  Natural  religion; 
Orthodoxy;  Pantheism;  Pelagianism;  Pen- 
ance; Philosophy;  Plurality  of  worlds; 
Prayer;  Predestination;  Private  judgment ; 
Prophecies;  Protestantism;  Providence; 
Purgatory;  Quietism;  Rationalism;  Re- 
generation (theology);  Religion;  Religion 
and  science;  Repentance;  Resurrection; 
Revelation  ;  Revivals  ;  Sacraments  ;  Sacrifice; 
Salvation;  Sanctification ;  Second  advent; 
Sects;  Sermons;  Sin;  Skepticism;  Socin- 
ianism;  Soul;  Spiritualism;  Sunday;  Te- 
leology; Temptation;  Theism;  Theological 
schools;  Transcendentalism;  Transubstanti- 
ation ;  Trinity;  Worship;  also  names  of 
sects,  and  headings  beginning  Christian 

362 


Theology —  Continued 

Natural,  see  Natural  religion 

■ Pastoral,  see  Clergy;  Pastoral  work 

Practical,  see  Christian  life  and  character 

Study  and  teaching 

^ee     also     Religious     education;     The-  Refer  from   Church   and   education;   Profes- 

ological  schools  sional    education;    Religious    education;    The- 

ological education  (s) ;  Theological  schools 
Theory  of  errors  see  Errors,  Theory  of 
Theory  of  groups  see  Groups,  Theory  of 
Theor\'  of  potential  see  Potential,  Theory  of 
Theosophy 

SV^  a/j-o  Cabala ;  Neoplatonism ;  Vedanta  ;  Refer    from    Buddhism;     Buddhism,     Eso- 

Yoga  teric     (s) ;     Esoteric     Buddhism     (s) ;     Occult 

sciences;     Philosophy;     Religion;     Religions; 
V'edanta 
Therapeutic  gymnastics  see  Gymnastics,  Medi- 
cal 
Therapeutics 

See   also   Anesthetics;    Antiseptics;    Anti-  Refer  from   Healing   (s) ;   H/giene;   Materia 

toxins;    Baths    and    bathing;    Bloodletting;         medica  ;  Medicine  ;  Medicine — Practice;  Path- 
Christian  science;  Climate;  Cupping;  Diet;       ology ;  Remedies  (in  medicine)  (s) 
Drugs,   and   names  of   drugs;    Electrothera- 
peutics;   Emmanuel    mo\-ement;    Exercise; 
Faith  cure;   First  aid  in  illness  and  injury; 
Gold    cure;    Gymnastics,    Medical;    Home- 
opathy;  Hydrotherapy;    Inoculation;   Mas- 
sage;   Materia     medica;     Mechanotherapy; 
Medicine;      Medicine — -Practice;      Mental 
healing;  Mineral  waters;  Narcotics;  Nurses 
and    nursing;   Organotherapy;    Osteopath)-; 
Pathology;  Pharmacy;  Phototherapy;   Poi- 
sons;     Purgatives;      Radiotherapy;      Rest; 
Serum     therapy;      Stimulants;     Suggestive 
therapeutics;      Swedish      movement     cure; 
X  rays  • 
Thermal  springs  see  Geysers  and  hot  springs 
Thermochemistry  see  Chemistry,  Phj'sical 
Thermodynamics 

Scf- a/jo  Heat ;  Heat  engines ;  Steam  ;  Steam  Refer  from  Chemistry,  Physical;  Dynamics; 

engines  Heat;  Heat  engines;  Physics;  Steam 

Thermometer 

See    also    Calorimeters    and    calorimetry;  ^c/^'r/rom  Heat ;  Meteorological  instruments  ; 

Meteorological  instruments;  Pyrometers  and       Physics 
pyrometry 
Thieves 

See  also  Brigands  and  robbers;  Burglary;  ^^/^r /row  Biography  ;  Brigands  and  robbers  ; 

Embezzlement;  Larceny  Crime  and  criminals;  Larceny 

Thieving  see  Larceny 
Thinking  see  Thought  and  thinking 
Thirt\--nine  articles  see  Church  of  England  — 

Articles  of  religion 
Thirty  years'  war,  1618-1648 

See  also  Europe — History —  1492-1789;  Refer  from  Counter-reformation;  Europe  — 

Germany — History —  1517-1740;    Sweden       History —  1492-1789;  Germany — -History  — 
—  History  1517-1740;  Reformation;  Sweden  —  History 

Thorough  bass  see  Harmony 
Thoroughfares  see  Roads;  Streets 
Thought  and  thinking 

.SVf'     also     Attention;      Intellect;      Logic;  Refer    from      Intellect;      Philost)]ih\- ;       Psy- 

Mental  discipline ;  Philosophy;  Psychology;       chology;    Psychology,    Educational;     Reason; 
Reason  Thinking  (s) 

Thought  transference 

Srr     also     Clairvoyance;     Mind     reading;  Refer    front     Clairvoyance;     Mind    reading; 

Presentiments ;  Psychical  research  Psychical    research;    Psychology;    Suggestion; 

Telepathy  (s) 

363 


Thremmatology  see  Breeding;  Plant  breeding 

Threshing 

Thrift 

See  also  Benefit  societies;  Cost  of  living; 
Extravagance;  Insurance;  Insurance,  In- 
dustrial; Investments;  Misers;  Old  age 
pensions;  Prudence;  Savings  banks;  Stand- 
ard of  living 

Throat 

See  also  Bronchitis;  Voice 

Throwing  sticks 

Thugs 


Thunderstorms 

See  also  Lightning;  Storms 
Tides 

See  also  Astronomy;  Moon;  Ocean 

Ties,  Railroad,  see  Railroads  —  Ties 
Tigers 

See  also  Carnivora 
Tiles 

See  also  Bricks;  Clay  industries;  Pottery 

Tillage 

See  also  Agricultural  physics;  Agriculture; 
Dry  farming;  Plows;  Soils 

Timber 

.SV^  also  Building  materials;  Dry  rot; 
Forests  and  forestry ;  Lumber  and  lumbering  ; 
Strength  of  materials;  Trees;  Wood 

Presenvation,  see  Wood  —  Preservation 

Time 

See  also  Almanacs;  Astronomy;  Astrono- 
my,    Spherical     and     practical;     Calendar; 
Chronograph;  Chronology;  Daylight  saving; 
Days;  Eternity;  Timekeepers 
Time,  Reaction,  see  Reaction  time 
Timekeepers 

See  also  Clocks  and  watches;  Pendulums; 
Sundials 
Tin 

See   also    Bronze;    Metals;    Pewter;    Tin- 
smithing 
Tinsmithing 

See  also  Sheet-metal  work 

Tint\'pe  see  Ferrotype 
Tipping 


Tires 


See  also  Automobiles;  Wheels 


Tissues  see  Histology 
Tithes 

See  also  Church  finance;  Cliurch  rates 


Title-pages 

See  also  Colophons;  Titles  of  books 


Refer  from  Agriculture;  Grain 

Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Cost  of  living; 
Economics;  Economy  (s) ;  Extravagance; 
Investments;  Poor;  Prudence;  Saving  (s) ; 
Savings  banks;  Standard  of  li\ing;  Success 


Refer  from  i\mi\.ovay ;  Bronchitis;  Respiratory- 
organs  ;  Sore  throat  (s) ;  Voice 

Refer  from  Arms  and  armor;  Atlatl  (s) ; 
Spear  throwers  (s) 

Refer  from  Brigands  and  robbers;  Crime 
and  criminals;  Crime  and  criminals  —  India; 
Murder;  Phansigars  (s) 

Refer  from  Lightning;  Meteorology;  Storms 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Hydrography;  Moon  ; 
Ocean;  Physical  geography 


Refer  from  Carnivora;  Hunting 

Refer  from  Bricks;  Building  materials;  Clay 
industries;  Pottery;  Terra  cotta 

Refer  from  Agricultural  physics;  Agriculture; 
Cultivating  (s) ;  Dry  farming;  Harrowing  (s) ; 
Plowing  (s) ;  Soils;  Subsoiling  (s) 

Refer  from  Building  materials;  Forest  prod- 
ucts; Forests  and  forestry;  Lumber  and 
lumbering;  Trees;  Wood 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Astronomy,  Spheri- 
cal and  practical;  Calendar;  Chronology; 
Metaphysics;  Philosophy;  Standard  time  (s) 


Refer  from  Clocks  and  watches ;  Horology  (s) ; 
Machinery;  Manufactures;  Time 

Refer  from  Metals;  Mines  and  mineral 
resources;  Sheet-metal  work 

Refer  from  Industrial  arts;  Sheet-metal 
work;  Tin 

Refer  from  Manners  and  customs;  Servants; 
Travel ;  Waiters 

Refer  from  Automobiles;  Bicycles  and  tri- 
cycles; Pneumatic  tires  (s)  ;  Rubber  tires  (s); 
Wheels 


Refer  from  Church  finance;  Church  law; 
Church  of  I'lngland  —  Finance;  Church  polity; 
Cluircii  rates;  Taxation 


Refer    from     Books;     Colophons;     Printing; 
Titles  of  books 


364 


Titles  (land)  see  Land  titles 
Titles  of  books 

See  also  Copyright;  Title-pages 

Titles  of  honor  and  nobility 

See  also   Decorations  of   honor;   Degrees, 
Academic;  Heraldry;  Peerage 
Titration  see  Chemistry  —  Analysis 
Toads 

See  also  Amphibia  ;  Frogs 
Toadstools  see  Alushrooms 

Toasts 

See  also  After-dinner  speeches 


Tobacco 

See  also  Cigarettes;  Cigars;  Pipes,  Tobac- 
co; Smoking;  Sniifi" 

Cultivation 

Diseases  and  pests 

Manufacture  and  trade 

See  also  Tobacco  —  Taxation 

Pests,  see  Tobacco  —  Diseases  and  pests 

Physiological  effects 

See  also  Smoking 
Taxation 

Trade,    see    Tobacco — Manufacture    and 

trade 
Tobacco  pipes  see  Pipes,  Tobacco 
Tobogganing 

See  also  Coasting;  Winter  sports 
Toes  see  Foot 
Toilet 

See  also  Baths  and  bathing;  Beauty,  Per- 
sonal;   Cosmetics;    Costume;    Hairdressing ; 
Manicuring;  Perfumery 
Toleration  see  Liberty  of  conscience;  Religious 

liberty 
Toltecs ' 

See     also     Aztecs;     Indians     of     Mexico; 
Alexico  —  Antiquities 
Tombs 

See  also  Brasses;  Burial;  Catacombs; 
Cemeteries;  Cromlechs;  Crypts;  Epitaphs; 
Holy  sepulcher;  Monuments;  Mounds  and 
mound  builders;  Sarcophagi;  Taj  Mahal; 
Tombstones;  Vaults 
Tombstones 

See  also  Epitaphs;  Monuments 

Tonic  sol-fa 

Tool  steel 
Tools 

See  also  Bone  implements;  Carpentry; 
Farm  implements  and  machinery;  Files 
and  rasps;  Implements,  utensils,  etc.; 
Indians  —  Implements  and  weapons;  Ma- 
chine tools;  Machinery;  Saws;  Square  (in- 
strument); Stone  implements;  Tool  steel 
Topiary  work 


Refer  from    Bibliography;    Book    titles    (s) ; 
Books;  Cataloging;  Copyright;  Title-pages 

Refer  from  Decorations  of  honor;  Heraldry; 
Honorary  titles  (s) ;  Peerage 


Refer  from  Amphibia;  Frogs 


Refer  from  After-dinner  speeches;  Dinners 
and  dining;  Drinking  customs;  Epigrams; 
Healths,  Drinking  of  (s) ;  Manners  and  customs 

Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Agricul- 
ture—  Tropics;  Cigars;  Narcotics;  Pipes, 
Tobacco;  Smoking;  Temperance 

Refer  from  Agricultural  pests;  Plants  — 
Diseases  ;  Tobacco  — ■  Pests  (s) 


Refer      frot 
'I'rade  (s) 


Manufactures;       Tobacco  — 


Rejer  from  Hygiene;  Smoking 
Refer    from     Taxation;     Tobacco — Manu- 
facture and  trade 


Rejer  from  Coasting;  Sports;  Winter  sports 


Refer    from     Beauty,     Personal;     Clothing; 
Cosmetics;  Costume;  Hairdressing 


Refer  from  Aztecs ;  Indians  of  Mexico  ;  Mexico 
—  Antiquities 

Refer  from  Archaeology ;  Architecture  ;  Buri- 
al;  Cemeteries  ;  Christian  antiquities;  Crypts; 
Graves  (s) ;  Mausoleums  (s) ;  Alonuments; 
Rock  tombs  (s) ;  Sepulchers  (s) ;  Vaults 


Refer  from  Epitaphs;  Gra\'estones  (s) ; 
Headstones  (s) ;  Monuments;  Tombs 

Refer  from  Music — Notation  ;  Sight  reading; 
Singing  and  voice  culture;  Sol-fa  system  (s) 

Refer  from  Alachine  tools;  Steel;  Tools 

Refer  from  Carpentry;  Hardware;  Imple- 
ments, utensils,  etc.;  Industrial  arts;  Instru- 
ments ;  Machinery 


Refer  from    Landscape    gardening;    Shrubs; 
Trees 


365 


Topographical  drawing 

Si'<'  also  Map  drawing 


Topographical  surveying  sre  Surveying 

Topography  see  Geography;  Sur\e\ing;  Topo- 
graphical drawing 

Tops 

Tories,  American,  see  Loyalists,  American 

Tories,  English 

See  also   England  —  History;    England  — 
Politics 

Tornadoes 

See  also  Cyclones;  Storms 

Torpedo  boats 

See  also  Submarine  boats ;  Torpedoes 


Torpedoes 

See  also  Mines,  Submarine;  Torpedo  boats 


Torrens  system 

See  also  Conveyancing 

Torts 

See    also    Damages;    Libel    and    slander; 
Trespass 

Torture 

See  also  Inquisition;  Punishment 
Total  abstinence  see  Temperance 
Total  deprax'ity  see  Depravity;  Sin 
Totems  and  totemism 

See  also  Animal  worship 


Touch 

See  also  Senses  and  sensation 
Tournaments 

See  also  Chi\'alry 

Towers 

See    also     Architecture;     Round     towers; 
Spires 
Town  meeting 

See  also  Local  go\-ernment;  Towns 

Town  officers 

See  also  Constables  ;  Police 
Towns 

See  also  Boroughs;  Cities;  Local  govern- 
ment;   Municipal    corporations;    Municipal 
government;  Town  meeting;  Town  officers; 
Villages 
Townships  see  Towns 
Toxicology  see  Poisons 
Toxins 

See  also  Antitoxins;  Poisons;  Ptomaines 

Toys 

See  also  Dolls ;  Electric  toys ;  Tops 
Track,  Railroad,  see  Railroads  —  Track 


Refer  from  Drawing;  Geography,  Mathe- 
matical; Map  drawing;  Surveying;  Topog- 
raph ys 


Refer  from  Toys 


Refer  from  England  —  History;  England  — 
Politics;  Political  parties 

Refer  from  Cyclones;  Meteorology;  Storms; 
Winds 

Refer  from  Boats  and  boating;  Naval  art 
and  science;  Shipbuilding;  Ships;  Submarine 
boats;  Submarine  warfare;  Torpedoes;  War- 
ships 

Refer  from  Explosives;  Military  art  and 
science;  Mines,  Submarine;  Naval  art  and 
science;  Submarine  warfare;  Torpedo  boats 

Refer  from  Conveyancing;  Deeds;  Land 
titles ;  Real  estate 

Refer  from  Injuries  (s) ;  Law;  Libel  and 
slander;  Wrongs  (s) 


Refer  from  Inquisition;  Punishment 


Refer  from  Animal  worship;  Ethnology; 
Indians — Religion;  Mythology;  Nature  wor- 
ship; Religion;  Rites  and  ceremonies;  Super- 
stition; Tribes  and  tribal  SA'stem;  Worship 

Refer  from  Feeling  (s) ;  Senses  and  sensation 

Refer  from  Chivalry;  Festivals;  Fighting  (s) ; 
Sports 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Church  architec- 
ture; Spires 

Refer  from  Democracy;  Government;  Local 
government;  Towns 

Refer  from  Local  government;  Towns 

Refer  from  Boroughs;  Cities;  Government; 
Local  government;  Municipal  corporations; 
Town  meeting;  Townships  (s) ;  Villages 


Refer  from   Pathology;   Poison   (s);  Poisons; 
Ptomaines 


Refer  from  Amusements;  Games 


366 


Track  athletics 

See     also     Athletics;     College     athletics; 
Running;  Walking 
Tracking 

Tract  societies 

See   also    Bible  —  Publication    and    distri- 
bution ;  Tracts 
Tractarianism  see  Oxford  movement 
Traction  engines 

Tracts 

See  also  Tract  societies 
Trade  see  Business;  Commerce;  Tariff 
Trade,  Balance  of,  see  Balance  of  trade 
Trade,  Boards  of,  see  Boards  of  trade 
Trade  agreements 

See     also     Arbitration     and     conciliation, 
Industrial 

Trade-marks 

See  also  Patents ;  Printers'  marks 

Trade  schools 

See  also  Industrial  education 


Trade  unions  see  Labor  unions 

Trade  winds  see  Winds 

Trades  see  Industrial  arts;  Occupations 

Trades   combination  see   Combination,   Indus- 
trial; Labor  unions 

Trades  schools  see  Trade  schools 

Trades  waste  see  Refuse  and  refuse  disposal ; 
Waste  products 

Trading  Companies 

See    also    Commerce — History;    Hudson 
Bay  company 

Traditions  see  Folklore;  Legends 

Tragedy 

See  also  Drama 

Trailing  see  Tracking 

Trails  see  Indian  trails ;  also  names  of  trails,  e.g. 
Oregon  trail.  Salt  Lake  trail,  Santa  Fe  trail 

Train  despatching 

Trained  nurses  see  Nurses  and  nursing 
Training 

See   also   Animals  —  Training;    Athletics; 
Education;     Gymnastics;     Horse     training; 
Physical  education;  Teaching 
Tramps 

See    also     Begging;     Unemployed;    Way- 
faring life 

'i'rannvays  see  Street  railroads 
Transcendentalism 

SV^  also  Brook  Farm 


Transcontinental  journeys  (U.  S.)  see  Over- 
land journeys  to  the  Pacific 

Transfer  tax  see  Inheritance  and  transfer  tax 

Transfiguration  of  Jesus  Christ  see  Jesus  Christ 
—  Transfiguration 

Transformers  see  Electric  transformers 


Refer  from  Athletics;  College  athletics; 
Field  sports  (s) ;  Running;  Sports 

Refer  from  Game;  Hunting;  Scent  (s) ; 
Scouts  and  scouting;  Trailing  (s) 

Refer  from  Missions;  Societies;  Tracts 


Refer  from  Engines;  Farm  motors;  Locomo- 
tives; Road  engines  (s) ;  Steam  engines 

Refer  from  Colportage  (s) ;  Literature  ;  Tract 
societies 


Refer  from  Arbitration  and  conciliation, 
Industrial;  Collective  bargaining  (s) ;  Con- 
tracts ;  Employers'  associations ;  Labor  unions 

Refer  from  Commerce;  Law;  Manufactures; 
Partnership;  Patents 

Refer  from  Education;  Industrial  education; 
Manual  training ;  Schools  ;  Technical  education  ; 
Trades  schools  (s) ;  Vocational  education 


Refer  from  Commerce;  Commerce  —  History 


Refe r  from  Drama 


Refer    from     Railroads;     Railroads — Man- 
agement; Telegraph 


Refer   from    Athletics;    Exercise;    Hygiene; 
Physical  education;  Sports 


Refer  from  Begging;  Crime  and  criminals; 
Poor;  Unemployed;  Vagabonds  (s) ;  Va- 
grancy (s) ;  Wayfaring  life 


Refer  from  Idealism;  Philosophy;  Philos- 
ophy, American;  Philosoph\ ,  German;  Philos- 
ophy, Modern;  Rationalism;  Theology 


367 


Transit  see  Rapid  transit;  Transportation 
Transit  (instrument) 

See    also    yXstronomical   instruments;   Sur- 
veying instruments 
Transits 

See  also  Astronomy;  Planets;   also   names 
of  planets 
Translation 
Transliteration 
Transmigration 

See  also  Preexistence ;  Soul 


Transmission  (biology)  see  Heredity 

Transmission  of  power  see  Electric  power  trans- 
mission ;  Power  transmission 

Transmutation  of  metals  see  Alchemy 

Transmutation  of  species  see  Species ;  Variation 
(biology) 

Transportation 

See  also  Aeronautics;  Animals  —  Trans- 
portation; Automobiles;  Canals;  Carriages; 
Carriers;  Commerce;  Communication;  De- 
murrage; Electric  railroads;  Express  com- 
panies; Ferries;  Freight;  Harbors;  Inland 
navigation;  Marketing  of  farm  produce; 
Omnibuses;  Pack  transportation;  Packing 
for  shipment;  Pneumatic  tubes;  Postal 
service;  Railroads;  Rapid  transit;  Roads; 
Shipping;  Steam  navigation;  Steamboats; 
Street  railroads;  Subsidies;  Telpherage; 
Vehicles;  Waterways 

Transportation     of    animals    see    Animals  — 
Transportation 

Transportation  of  criminals  see  Penal  colonies 

Transubstantiation 

See  also  Lord's  supper;  Mass 

Trapping 

See  also  Fur  trade;  Hunting;  Poaching 

Trappists 

See  also  Cistercians 
Traps  (plumbing)  see  Plumbing 
Travel  [for  books  on  the  art  of  travel] 

See    also    Baggage;    Ocean    travel;    Pass- 
ports;   Pilgrimages;   Tipping;   Voyages   and 
travels 
Travelers 

See  also  Commercial  travelers  ;  Explorers  ; 
Voyages  and  travels 
Traveling  libraries  see  Libraries,  Traveling 
Traveling  salesmen  see  Commercial  travelers 
Travels  see  Voyages   and   travels;  also  names 
of  countries,  subhead  Description  and  travel 
Travels    around    the    world    see    Voyages    and 

travels  around  the  world 
Traverse  tables 

See  also  Navigation;  Surveying 

Treacle  see  Molasses 
Treason 

See  also  Allegiance 

Treasure-trove 


Refer  from  Astronomical  instruments;  Sur- 
veying instruments 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Eclipses;  Planets 

Refer  from  Language;  Literature;  Rhetoric 
Refer  from  Alphabet;  Language;  Spelling 

Refer  from  Animism;  Future  life;  Metempsy- 
chosis (s) ;  Preexistence;  Reincarnation  (s) ; 
Soul 


Refer  from  Carriers;  Commerce;  Commer- 
cial geography;  Communication;  Economics; 
Freight;  Interstate  commerce;  Locomotion; 
Railroads;  Shipping;  Transit  (s) ;  Vehicles 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Jesus  Christ; 
Lord's  supper;  Mass;  Real  presence  (s) ;  The- 
ology 

Refer  from  Fur  trade;  Game;  Hunting; 
Sports 

Refer  from  Cistercians;  Monasticism 


Refer    from     Locomotion;     Ocean     travel; 
Voyages  and  travels 


Refer   from    Biography;    Explorers;    Voya- 
gers (s) ;  Voyages  and  travels 


Refer  from  Latitude  and  longitude;  Mathe- 
matics —  Tables,  etc. ;  Navigation  ;  Surveying 


Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  High 
treason  (s) ;  Law;  Murder;  Political  offenses 

Refer  from  Adventure;  Buried  treasure  (s) ; 
Pirates 


368 


Treaties 

See  also  Arbitration,  International;  Com- 
mercial treaties;  Diplomacy;  Holy  alliance; 
International  law;  International  relations; 
Triple  alliance,  1883- ;  also  names  of 
countries,  subhead  Treaties 
Treatment  of  animals  see  Animals  —  Treatment 
Tree  planting 

Set''  also  Arbor  day;  Forest  planting 


Tree  worship 

See  also  Animism 

Trees 

See  also  Arbor  day;  Bark;  Botany;  Ever- 
greens; Forest  nurseries;  Forest  planting; 
Forests  and  forestry;  Fruit;  Grafting;  Hedg- 
es; Landscape  gardening;  Leaves;  Lumber 
and  lumbering;  Nuts;  Pruning;  Timber; 
Topiary  work;  Tree  planting;  Tree  worship; 
also  names  of  trees,  e.g.  Oaks 

Diseases  and  pests 

See  also  Fruit  —  Diseases  and  pests; 
Gips}'  moth;  Insects,  Injurious  and  bene- 
ficial; Plants  —  Diseases;  Spraying 

Fossil 

See  also  Petrified  forests 


Historic 

See    also    Preservation    of    landmarks, 
scenery,  etc. 
Trent  affair,  1861 

See  also  L'.  S.  —  History  —  Civil  war  — 
Foreign  relations 

Trepanning  see  Trephining 
Trephining 

Trespass 

See  also  Easements 
Trestles 

See  also  Bridges 

Trial  by  combat  see  Wager  of  battle 

Trial  by  jury  see  Jury 

Trials 

See  also  Actions  at  law;  Courts  martial; 
Evidence;  Expert  evidence;  Impeachment; 
Jury;  Ordeals;  Pleading  and  practice;  Wit- 
nesses 

Triangulation  see  Geodesy;  Surveying 

Triassic    period   see   Geology,    Stratigraphic  — 
Triassic  ;  Paleontology  —  Triassic 

Tribal  system  see  Tribes  and  tribal  system 

Tribes  and  tribal  system 

See  also  Clans;  Consanguinity;  Family; 
Patriarchy;  Society,  Primitive;  Totems  and 
Totemism;  Village  communities 

Tricycles  see  Bicycles  and  tricycles 
Tricycling  see  Cycling 
Trigonometry 

See  also  Geodesy;  Geometry;  Logarithms; 
Mathematics;  Mensuration;  Navigation; 
Surveying 


Refer  from  Diplomacy;  Government;  His- 
tory; International  law;  International  rela- 
tions; Ministers  of  state 


Refer  from  Arbor  day;  Arboriculture  (s) ; 
Forest  planting;  Forests  and  forestry;  Neigh- 
borhood improvement;  Planting  (s) ;  Trees 

Refer  from  Animism;  Fetisliism;  Nature 
worship;  Trees;  Worship 

Refer  from  Agriculture;  Arboriculture  (s) ; 
Bark;  Botany;  Dendrology  (s) ;  Evergreens; 
Forests  and  forestry;  Landscape  gardening; 
Leaves  ;  Shrubs  ;  Silviculture  (s) ;  Timber ;  Wood 


Refer  from  Agricultural  pests;  Fruit — Dis- 
eases and  pests;  Insects,  Injurious  and  bene- 
ficial ;  Plants  —  Diseases 

Refer  from  Fossil  plants;  Fossil  trees  (s) ; 
Fossil    wood     (s) ;     Petrified    forests;     Wood, 

Fossil  (s) 

Refer  from  Historic  trees  (s) ;  History;  Pres- 
ervation of  landmarks,  scenery,  etc. 

Refer  from  Contraband  of  war;  Neutrality; 
U.  S. —  History — Civil  war — Foreign  rela- 
tions 

Refer  from  Brain;  Skull;  Surgery;  Tre- 
panning (s) 

Refer  from  Law;  Property;  Torts 

Refer  from  Bridges;  Railroads;  Railroads  — 
Construction 


Refer  from  Actions  at  law;  Courts;  Crime 
and  criminals;  Criminal  law;  Jury;  Law; 
Pleading  and  practice;  State  trials  (s) 


Refer  from  Anthropology;  Civilization; 
Clans;  Communism;  Family;  Government; 
Patriarchy;  Society,  Primitive;  Tribal  sys- 
tem (s) ;  Village  communities 


Refer  from  Geometry;  Logarithms;   Mathe- 
matics; Spherical  trigonometry  (s) ;  Surveying 


369 


Trilobites 

Sc-f  also  Crustacea 
Trinity 

Sft'    also    Arianism;     Athanasian     creed; 
God;     Holy     Spirit;     Jesus     Christ;     Jesus 
Christ — -Divinity;  Socinianism;  Uiiitarian- 
ism 
Triple  alliance,  1883- 

See  also  Europe  —  History  —  1789- 


Trismus  sre  Tetanus 

Triumphal  arches  see  Arches  of  triumph 

Troglodytes  see  Cave  dwellers 

Trolley  lines  see  Electric  railroads 

Tropical  agriculture  see  Agriculture  —  Tropics 

Tropical   diseases  see  Tropics  —  Diseases   and 

hygiene 
Tropical   hygiene  see  Tropics  — ■  Diseases   and 

hygiene 
Tropical  medicine  see  Tropics  —  Diseases  and 

hygiene 
Tropical  plants 
Tropics 

See    also    Acclimatization;    Agriculture  — 

Tropics;  Tropical  plants 

Diseases  and  hygiene 

See    also     Acclimatization;     Cholera, 
Asiatic;     Medical     geography;     Sleeping 
sick'hess;  Yellow  fever 

Trotting  see  Horse;  Horse  racing 
Troubadours 

See  also  Provencal  literature;  Trouveres 


Trouble  see  Affliction;  Misfortune 
Trout 

See  also  Fish;  Salmon 

Trouveres 

See  also  Fabliaux;  Troubadours 

Truancy 

See  also  School  attendance;  Truant  schools 


Truant  schools 

See  also  Parental  schools 

Truck  farming  see  Market  gardening 
Trumpet  calls  see  Bugle  calls 
Trusses 

^SV^  also  Bridges  ;  Building ;  Girders  ;  Roofs  ; 
Strains  and  stresses;  Strength  of  materials 

Trust  companies 

See  also  Banks  and  banking;  Trustees 


Refer  from  Crustacea;  Paleontology 

Refer  from  Arianism;  God;  Holy  Spirit; 
Humanitarianism  (theology)  (s) ;  Jesus  Christ; 
Jesus  Christ — Divinity;  Socinianism;  The- 
ology; Unitarianism 

Refer  from  Alliance,  Triple  (s) ;  Austria  — 
Foreign  relations;  Austria — -History;  Europe 
—  History — 1789-;  Europe  —  Politics;  Ger- 
many—  Foreign  relations;  Germany — His- 
tory —  1866- ;  International  relations  ;  Italy  — 
Foreign  relations;  Italy  —  History — 1815-; 
Treaties 


Refer  from  Botany;  Plants;  Tropics 

Refer  from   Acclimatization;    Earth;    Geog- 
raphy; Physical  geography 


Refer  from  Hygiene;  Hygiene,  Tropical  (s) ; 
Medical  geography;  Medicine  —  Practice; 
Medicine  —  Tropics  (s) ;  Tropical  diseases  (s) ; 
Tropical  hygiene  (s) ;  Tropical  medicine  (s) 


Refer  from  Bards;  Courts  of  love;  French 
poetry;  Minstrels;  Poetry;  Poets;  Provenfal 
literature;  Trouveres 


Refer  from  Brook  trout  (s) ;  Fish;  Fishing; 
Salmon 

Refer froyn  Bards;  French  poetry;  Minstrels; 
Poetry;  Poets;  Troubadours 

Refer  from  Boys;  Compulsory  education; 
Juvenile  delinquency;  Public  schools;  School 
attendance;  School  children 

Refer  from  Juvenile  delinquency;  Parental 
schools;  Public  schools;  Schools;  Truancy 


Refer  front  Architecture;  Bridges;  Building; 
Girders;  Roofs;  Strains  and  stresses;  Strength 

of  materials 

Refer  from  Banks  and  banking;  Business; 
Clearing  houses;  Commerce;  Commercial  law; 
Corporations;  Finance;  Savings  banks;  Trus- 
tees 


370 


Trustees 

See    also    Administrators    and    executors ; 
Assignments;    Guardians;   Mortmain;    Pro- 
bate law  and  practice;  Trust  companies 
Trusts 

See  also  Capital ;  Combination,  Industrial ; 
Competition;  Corporation  law;  Corpora- 
tions; Monopolies;  Restraint  of  trade 


Truth 

See  also  Axioms;  Belief;  Certainty;  Hon- 
esty; Lying;  Sincerity 

Tsetse  flies 

See  also  Insects  as  carriers  of  contagion; 
Sleeping  sickness 
Tuberculosis 

See  also  Lungs;  Open-air  schools;  Res- 
piratory organs  —  Diseases;  Tuberculosis 
in  animals 

Tuberculosis  in  animals 

Tubes 

See  also  Pipe 
Tumbling  see  Acrobats 
Tumors 

See  also  Cancer 

Tumuli  see  IMounds  and  mound  builders 
Tuning 

See  also  Tuning  forks 
Tuning  forks 

Tunkards  see  German  Baptist  brethren 
Tunkers  see  German  Baptist  brethren 
Tunneling  see  Tunnels 
Tunnels 

See     also     Blasting;     Ci\il     engineering; 

Mines,  Military ;   Mining  engineering;   Sub- 

wa\s 

Turbines 

See  also  Hydraulic  motors;  Steam  tur- 
bines; Water  wheels 

Turco-Russian  war  see  Russo-Turkish  war 

Turf,  The,  see  Horse  racing 

Turkeys 

See  also  Poultry 
Turkish  baths  see  Baths  and  bathing 
Turkish  language 

See  also  Ural-Altaic  languages 
Turkish  literature 

See  also  Arabic  literature 
Turko- Russian  war  see  Russo-Turkish  war 
Turning 

See  also  Lathes ;  Woodwork 


Turning  (gymnastics)  see  Gymnastics 
Turnpikes  see  Roads 

Tuyeres  see  Blast  furnaces;  Cupola  furnaces; 
Foundry  work 


Refer  from  Commercial  law;  Guardians; 
Inheritance;  Law;  Powers  (law);  Probate  law 
and  practice;  Trust  companies 

Refer  from  Capital;  Cartels  (economics)  (s) ; 
Combination,  Industrial;  Commerce;  Com- 
mercial law;  Competition;  Corners,  Commer- 
cial (s) ;  Corporation  law;  Corporations; 
Economics;  Finance;  Government  regulation 
of  industry;  Kartels  (economics)  (s) ;  Monop- 
olies; Restraint  of  trade 

Refer  from  Belief;  Certainty;  Ethics; 
Faith;  Knowledge;  Lying;  Philosophy;  Sin- 
cerity 

Refer  from  Diptera;  Flies;  Insects  as  carriers 
of  contagion;  Sleeping  sickness 

Refer  from  Consumption  (s)  ;  Lungs;  Aledi- 
cine  —  Practice;  Phthisis  (s) ;  Respiratory 
organs  —  Diseases 

Refer  from  Animals  —  Diseases;  Cattle  — 
Diseases;  Tuberculosis;  Veterinary  medicine 

Refer  from  Iron;  Manufactures;  Pipe;  Steel 


Refer    from     Carcinoma     (s) ;     Medicine 
Practice;  Pathology;  Surgery 


Refer  from  Musical  instruments;  Piano 
Refer  from  Musical  instruments;  Tuning 


Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Earthwork; 
Engineering;  Excavation;  Mining  engineering; 
Railroads;  Railroads — Construction;  Sub- 
ways; Tunneling  (s) 

Refer  from  Engines;  Hydraulic  engineering; 
Hydraulic  machinery;  Hydraulic  motors; 
Motors;  Water  wheels;  Wheels 


Refer  from  Poultry 

Refer  from  Ural-Altaic  languages 


Refer  from  Cabinet  work;  Carpentry;  In- 
dustrial arts;  Lathe  work  (s) ;  Lathes;  Wood- 
work 


371 


Twentieth  century 

See  also  English  literature  —  History  and 
criticism  —  20th   century 
Twins 
Type 

See  also  Printing;  Typesetting 
Typesetting 

See  also  Printing;  Typesetting  machines 

Typesetting  machines 


Typewriting 
Typhoid  fever 

See  also  Typhus  fever 


Typhus  fever 

See  also  Typhoid  fever 

Typographical  societies 

Typography  see  Printing 
Tyranny 

See  also  Despotism 
Ulcers 

See  also  Suppuration 
Ultramontanism 

See  also  Catholic  church;  Popes;  Vatican 
council 
Umbrellas 

Unbelief  see  Skepticism 
Unclaimed  estates  see  Estates,  Unclaimed 
Unction 

UndercJothing  see  Underwear 
Underground  railroad  (slavery) 

See  also  Fugitive  slaves 

Underground  roads  see  Subways 
Underground  water  see  Water,  Underground 
Underpinning  see  Shoring  and  underpinning 
Understanding  see  Intellect;  Psychology 
Underwear 

See  also  Garment  cutting;  Hosiery 

Unearned  increment 

Unemployed 

See    also     Employment     agencies ;     Farm 
colonies;  Labor  exchanges;  Poor;  Tramps; 
Vacant  lot  cultivation 
Ungulata 

See    also    Bison;    Cattle;    Deer;    Goats; 
Horse;  Mammals;  Reindeer;  Sheep;  Swine 
Uniforms 

See  also  Costume;  Livery 


Union,  Christian,  see  Christian  union 
Union  shop  see  Open  and  closed  shop 
Unions,  Labor,  see  Labor  unions 
Unitarianism 

See    also    Arianism;    Free    religion;    Jesus 

Christ — Divinity;     Liberalism;     Socinian- 

ism;  Trinity 


Refer  fro >n  History,  Alodern  ;  Progress 
Refer  frotn  Children 
Refer  from  Printing 

Refer  from  Composition  (printing)  (s) ; 
Printing;  Type 

Refer  from  Composing  machines  (s) ;  Lino- 
type (s) ;  Machinery;  Monotype  (s) ;  Printing; 
Typesetting 

Refer  from  Business  education;  Writing 

Refer  from  Contagion  and  contagious  dis- 
eases; Enteric  fever  (s) ;  Fever;  Medicine  — 
Practice;  Typhus  fever 

Refer  from  Fever;  Aledicine  —  Practice; 
Ship  fever  (s) ;  Typhoid  fever 

Refer  from  Printers;  Printing;  Societies 

Refer  from  Despotism;  Government;  Mon- 
archy 

Refer  from  Suppuration 

Refer  from  Catholic  church 

Refer  from  Costume 


Refer   from    Anointing    (s) ;    Extreme    unc- 
tion (s) ;  Sacraments 


Refer  from   Fugitive  slaves;   Slaverv  in   the 

u.  s. 


Refer  from  Clothing;  Textile  industry  and 
fabrics;  Underclothing  (s) 

Refer  from  Betterments  (s) ;  Economics ; 
Increment,  Unearned  (s) ;  Land;  Land  tenure; 
Real  estate;  Taxation 

Refer  from  Economics;  Labor  and  laboring 
classes;  Labor  exchanges;  Panics;  Poor; 
Social  problems;  Tramps 

Refer  from  Bison;  Cattle;  Deer;  Goats; 
Horse;  Mammals;  Reindeer;  Sheep;  Swine 

Refer  from  Clothing;  Costume;  Costume, 
Military  (s) ;  Military  costume  (s) ;  Military 
uniforms  (s) 


Refer  from  Arianism;  Congregationalism; 
Humanitarianism  (tlieology)  (s) ;  Jesus  Ciirist 
—  Divinity;   Liberalism;   Sects;    Socinianism; 

Trinity 


372 


Unitas  fratrum  see  Moravians 

United  brethren  see  Moravians 

United  brethren  in  Christ 

United  empire  loyalists  see  Loyalists,  American 

United  society  of  believers  see  Shakers 

United  States 

Administration,  see  U.  S. —  Government 

Agriculture,  see  Agriculture  —  U.  S. 

Altitudes 

Annexations 

See  also  Gadsden  purchase;  Louisiana 
purchase;  U.  S. —  Insular  possessions 

Antiquities 

See  also  Indians  —  Antiquities  ;  Mounds 
and  mound  builders 

Architecture,  see  Architecture,  American 

Archives 

See  also  U.  S. —  Government  publica- 
tions 

Army 

See  also  Army  life;  Canteens  (armv) ; 
U.  S. —  History,  Military ;  U.  S.  —  Milit'ia  ; 
U.  S. —  Navy.  For  volunteer  regiments 
see  under  names  of  states,  e.g.  New  York 
artillery,  New  York  cavalry.  New  York 
infantry;  also  United  States  volunteer 
cavalry,  United  States  volunteer  Infantry, 
for  volunteer  regiments  recruited  at  large 

Artillery 


-Cavalry 

See    also 
cavalry 
-Infantry 

See     also 


L'nited     States     volunteer 


States     volunteer 


United 
. infantry 
-Art,  see  Art,  American 
-Asylums,     see     U.      S.  —  Hospitals      and 

asylums 
-Atlases,     see     U.     S.  —  Description     and 

travel ;  Maps 
-Banks,  see  Banks  and  banking  —  L^.  S. 
-Bibliography 

See    also    American    literature  —  Bibli- 
ography 
-Biography 

See     also     Actors,     American;     Artists, 
American;    Authors,    American;    Declara- 
tion  of   independence  —  Signers  ;    Gover- 
nors ;  Hall  of  fame;  Loyalists,  American; 
Painters,      American;      Pilgrim      fathers; 
Poets,     American;     Presidents  —  U.     S. ; 
Statesmen,  American;  U.  S. —  Genealogy; 
also  names  of  wars,  subhead  Biography 
-Birds,  see  Birds  —  U.  S. 
-Botany,  see  Botany  —  U.  S. 
-Boundaries 

See     also     Northeast    boundary    of    the 
U.  S. ;  Northwest  boundary  of  the  U.  S. 
-Business  associations 
-Canals,  see  Canals  —  U.  S. 
-Capital  and  capitol 

See  also  Washington,  D.  C. 
-Census 

See  also  U.   S.  —  Population;   U.   S. — 
Statistics;  U.  S.  —  Vital  statistics 
-Charities,  see  Charities  —  U.  S. 


Refer  from  Sects 


Refer  from  Physical  geography  —  U.  S. 

Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Expansion  (s) ;  U.  S. — 
Territorial  expansion  (s) 

Refer  from    Indians — Antiquities;    Mounds 
and  mound  builders 


Refer  from  U.  S. —  Government  publications 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Defenses  ;    V.    S.  —  His- 
tory, Military;  U.  S.  —  Military  history  (s) 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Genealogy 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Foreign  relations 


Refer  from  Washington,  D.  C. 

Refer  from    U.    S.  —  Population;    L'.    S. 
Statistics;  U.  S.  —  \'ital  statistics 


373 


United  States  —  Continued 

Chronology,  see  U.  S.  —  History  —  Chro- 
nology 

Church    history,    see    U.     S.  —  Religious 

history 

Cities,  see  Cities  —  U.  S. 

Civil   and  political  institutions,  see  U.   S. 

—  Government 

Civil  service,  see  Civil  service  —  U.  S. 

Civilization 

See  also  U.  S.  —  Economic  conditions ; 
U.  S.  —  Social  conditions ;  U.  S.  —  Social 
life  and  customs 

Claims 

See  also  names  of  wars,  subhead  Claims 

Climate 

See  also  Meteorology  —  U.  S. 

Coats  of  arms,  see  Heraldry  — •  U.  S. 

Coinage,  see  Coinage  —  U.  S. 

Colleges,  see  Colleges  and  universities  — 

U.  S. 

Colonies,  see  U.  S.  —  Insular  possessions 

[For  other  countries  use  Colonies] 

Commerce 

See  also  Embargo  laws;  Great  Lakes; 
Interstate  commerce;  Railroads  —  U.  S. ; 
Shipping— U.  S.;  Tariff— U.  S. ;  U.  S. 
—  Industries  and  resources ;  Waterways  — 
U.  S. 

Conchology,  see  Mollusks  —  U.  S. 

Constitution 

See  also  Alien  and  sedition  laws,  1798; 
Constitutional  law;  Constitutions,  State; 
Secession;  State  rights;  U.  S.  —  Govern- 
ment; U.  S.  —  Law 

Consular  service,  see  U.  S.  —  Diplomatic 

and  consular  ser\'ice 

Conventions  and  public  meetings 

See  also  Political  conventions 

Costume,  see  Costume  —  U.  S. 

Courts 

See  also  Courts,  Municipal 
Crime  and  criminals,  see  Crime  and  crimi- 
nals —  U.  S. 

Currency  question,  see  Money  —  U.  S. 

Customs,     see     U.     S.  —  Social     life     and 

customs 

Defenses 

See  also  Coast  defense;  Fortification  — 
U.  S.;  U.  S.  —  Army;  U.  S.  —  Navy 

Description  and  travel 

See  also  Overland  journeys  to  the  Pacif- 
ic ;  also  names  of  cities,  states,  regions,  etc. 

Gazetteers 

Guidebooks 

Maps 


— Views 

-Dialects,  see  English  language  —  Dialects 
-Diplomatic  and  consular  service 

-Directories 

See  also  U.  S.  —  Registers 
-Discovery  and  exploration,  see  America  — 

Discovery  and  exploration 
-Drama,  see  American  drama 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Social  conditions 


Refer  from  Meteorology — U.  S. 


Refer  from  \] .  S.  —  Industries  and  resources 


Refer  from   U.    S.  —  Government;   U.    S. — 
Law 


Refer  from  Federal  courts  (s) 


Refer  from  U.  S.  — 

Travel  (s) 

Refer  from  U.  S.  — 
Refer  from  U.  S.  — 
Refer  from    U.     S. 

Maps  (s) 

Refer  from  U.  S.  — 


Geography  (s) ;  U.  S.  — 

Gazetteers  (s) 

Guidebooks  (s) 

—  Atlases    (s) ;   U.    S.  — 

\jews  (s) 


Refer  from    U.    S.  —  Consular    service    (s) 
U.  S.  —  Foreign  relations 


374 


United  States  —  Continued 

Ecclesiastical    history,    see    U.    S.  —  Reli- 
gious history 

Ecclesiastical  institutions,  see  U.  S.  —  Re- 
ligious institutions  and  affairs  * 

Economic  conditions 

See  also  Immigration  and  emigration  — 
U.  S. ;  Labor  and  laboring  classes  —  U.  S. ; 
Land  tenure  —  U.  S. ;  Money — U.  S. ; 
Sectionalism  ;  Tariff  —  U.  S. ;  Taxation  — 
U.  S. ;  U.  S.  —  Finance;  U.  S.  —  Foreign 
population;  U.  S.  —  Industries  and  re- 
sources; U.  S. —  Social  conditions 

Education,  see  Education  —  U.  S. 

Elections,  see  Elections  —  U.  S. 

— ■ — Emigration  and  immigration,  see  Immigra- 
tion and  emigration  —  U.  S. 

Entomology,  see  Insects  —  U.  S. 

Epidemics 

Ethnology,  see  Ethnology  —  L^.  S. 

Exhibitions,  see  Exhibitions  —  L'.  S. 

Expansion,     see     Imperialism;     V.     S. — - 

Annexations  ;  V .  S.  —  Insular  possessions 

Exploring  expeditions 

See  also  Lewis  and  Clark  expedition 

Fauna,  see  Zoology — U.  S. 

Finance 

See  also  Coinage  —  U.  S. ;  Aloney  — • 
U.  S. ;  Tariff  —  U.  S. ;  Taxation  —  U.  S. ; 
U.  S.  —  Revenue 

Fine  arts,  see  Art,  American 

P'ish,  see  Fish  —  U.  S. 

Fisheries,  see  Fisheries  —  U.  S. 

Flora,  see  Botany  —  U.  S. 

Folk  songs,  see  Folk  songs,  American 

Folklore,  see  Folklore  —  U.  S. 

Foreign  population 

See  also  Bohemians  in  the  V .  S. ; 
Canadians  in  the  U.  S. ;  Chinese  in  the 
U.  S. ;  Danes  in  the  U.  S. ;  Dutch  in  the 
U.  S. ;  Germans  in  the  U.  S. ;  Hungarians  in 
the  U.  S. ;  Immigration  and  emigration  — 
U.  S. ;  Irish  in  the  U.  S. ;  Italians  in  the 
U.  S. ;  Japanese  in  the  U.  S. ;  Norwegians 
in  the  U.  S. ;  Poles  in  the  U.  S. ;  Race 
problems  —  U.  S. ;  Russians  in  the  U.  S.; 
Scandinavians  in  the  L^.  S. ;  Scotch-Irish 
in  the  U.  S. ;  Slavs  in  the  U.  S. ;  Swedes 
in  the  U.  S. 

Foreign  relations 

See     also     Fisheries  —  U.     S. ;     Monroe 


doctrine;    U.    S.  —  Boundaries;    U. 
Diplomatic  and  consular  service;  U. 
Treaties 
— China 

.SV('  also  Chinese  in  the  U.  S. 
— England 

See  also  Alabama  claims 
-Forests    and    forestry,    see    Forests 

forestry  —  U.  S. 
-Fortifications,  see  Fortification  —  U.  S. 
-Gazetteers,   see   U.    S.  —  Description   and 

travel  —  Gazetteers 
-Genealogy 

See  also  U.  S.  —  Biography 
-Geodesy,  see  Geodesy  —  U.  S. 


S. — 
S.— 


ind 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Civilization;  U.  S. — 
Industries  and  resources;  U.  S.  —  Political 
economy  (s) ;  U.  S.  —  Social  conditions 


Refer  from  L'.  S.  —  Economic  conditions 


Refer  from  Immigration  and  emigration  — 
U.  S. ;  Race  problems  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S.  —  Eco- 
nomic conditions;  U.  S.  —  Population;  U.  S. 
—  Social  conditions 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Treaties 


Refer  from  U.  S. —  Biography 


375 


United  States  —  Continued 

Geography,   see  U.    S.  ■ —  Description   and 

travel ;  also  Physical  geography  —  U.  S. 

Geology,  see  Geology  —  U.  S. 

Government 

See   also    Civil    service  —  U.    S. ;    Elec- 
tions—  U.S.;  Nationalism,  New;  U.S. — 
Constitution  ;  U.  S.  —  Politics 
Government  publications 

See  also  U.  S.  —  Archives 

Guidebooks,  see  U.  S.  —  Description  and 

travel  —  Guidebooks 

Harbors,  see  Harbors  —  U.  S. 

Health  resorts,  see  Health  resorts  —  U.  S. 

Heraldry,  see  Heraldry  — -  U.  S. 

Herpctology,  see  Reptiles  —  U.  S. 

— — Historic  houses,  etc. 
History 

See    also    Indians  —  Wars;    Northwest 
Territory,  U.  S. ;  Slavery  in  the  U.  S. 
Chronology 


-Military 

See    also    Indians  —  Wars;    U.    S. — 
Army;  also  names  of  wars 
-Naval 

See  also  U.  S.  —  Navy;  also  names  of 
vessels  and  commanders,   and   subhead 
Naval  operations  under  wars 
-Sources 

-Study  and  teaching 
-Colonial  period 

See  also  America  —  Discovery  and 
^exploration;  Bacon's  rebellion;  Colonial 
life  and  customs;  French  and  Indian 
war;  Indentured  servants;  King  Philip's 
war;  King  William's  war;  Pequot  war; 
Pilgrim  fathers;  Pontiac's  conspiracy; 
Queen  Anne's  war;  Redemptioners ; 
Stamp  act,  1765;  U.  S.  —  History  — 
Revolution  —  Causes 
-French  and  Indian  war,  see  French  and 

Indian  war 
-Revolution 

See  also  Declaration  of  independence; 
Fourth  of  July  orations;  Loyalists, 
American 


-Anecdotes 

-Bibliography 

-Biography 

See   also   Declaration  of  independ- 
ence—  Signers;     U.  S.  —  History  — 
Revolution  —  Societies 
-Campaigns  and  battles 

.SV(-    also    Bunker    Hill,    Battle    of; 
Sullivan's       expedition;        W_\-oming 
massacre 
-Causes 

See  also  Boston  massacre;    Boston 
tea  party;  Stamp  act 


Reje:  from  U.  S.  —  Administration  (s) ; 
U.  S.  —  Civil  and  political  institutions  (s) ; 
U.  S.  — •  Constitution;  U.  S.  —  Politics 

Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Archives;  U.  S.  —  Public 
documents  (s) 


Refer  from  U.  S.  — •  Chronology  (s) 


Refer  from  U.  S.  — ■  Army;  U.  S.  —  Military 
history  (s) 

R'fer    from     U.     S.  —  Naval     history     (s) ; 
U.  S.  — •  Navy 


Refer  from  American  colonial  history  (s) ; 
Bacon's  rebellion  ;  Colonial  history  (U.  S.)  (s)  ; 
Colonial  life  and  customs;  Colonial  wars  (s) ; 
French  and  Indian  war;  King  Philip's  war; 
King  William's  war;  Pequot  war;  Pilgrim 
fathers;  Pontiac's  conspiracy;  Queen  Anne's 
war 


Refer  from  American  revolution  (s) ;  Bunker 
Hill,  Battle  of;  Declaration  of  independence; 
Bmgland  —  History  —  1714-1837 ;  Loyalists, 
American;  Revolutionary  war  (U.  S.)  (s) ; 
Revolutions;  Sullivan's  expedition;  U.  S. — 
Revolution  (s) 


-Claims 


Refer  from  Boston  massacre;  Boston  tea 
party  ;  Stamp  act ;  U.  S.  —  History  —  Colonial 
period 


376 


U.  S.  —  History  —  Revolution  —  Continued 
Diplomatic     liistory,     see     U.      S.  - 

History  —  Revolution  —  Foreign 

relations 

Drama 

Fiction 

— Foreign  relations 


-French  participation 
-German  troops 


Indian  participation 

Medical  and  sanitary  affairs 

Naval  operations 

Negro  troops 

Personal  narratives 

Set-   also    U.    S.  —  History — -Revo- 
lution —  Prison  life 

Poetry 

Political  discussion 

Prison  life 

Regimental  histories 

Sre  also   U.    S.  —  History  —  Revo- 
lution —  State  histories  and  records 

Societies 

See  also  Patriotic  societies 

— State  histories  and  records 

Sff  also  U.  S.  —  History  —  Revolu- 
tion —  Regimental  histories 

Statistics 

-.1783-1861 
-1783-1812 

See  also  Alien  and  sedition  laws,  1798 
Embargo  laws  ;  French  spoliation  claims 
Louisiana  purchase;  Ordinance  of  1787 
Whiskyinsu  rrection 
-War   of    1812    [subdivided    like    Revolu- 
tion] 
-1815-1861 

See  also   Black  Hawk  war;   Free  soil 
party;    Know-nothing    party;   Missouri 
compromise 
-War  with  Mexico  [subdivided  like  Revo- 
lution] 
-Civil  war  [subdivided  like  Revolution] 
See   also   Army   of   the    Cumberland; 
Army  of  the  Potomac;  Draft  riot,  1863  ; 
Guerrillas;   Memorial  day;   Reconstruc- 
tion; Secession;  Secret  service;  Slaver\' 
in  the  U.  S. 

-Reconstruction,  see  Reconstruction 
-1865    1898 

Sff  also  Reconstruction 
-War  with  Spain  [subdivided  like  Revolu- 
tion] 
See  also  Imperialism;  Rough  Riders 


-Hospitals  and  asylums 

-Hunting,  see  Hunting —  U.  S. 
-Ichthyology,  see  Fish  —  U.  S. 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  History  —  Revolution  - 
Diplomatic  history  (s) 

Refer  Jroni  French  in  America 

Refer  from  Germans  in  the  U.  S. ;  Hessiar 
in  the  American  revolution  (s) 
Refer  from  Indians  —  Wars 


Refer  from  Negroes  in  the  American  revolu- 
tion (s) 


Refer  from  War  poetry 

Refer  from  U.  S.  —  History  —  Revolution  — 
Personal  narratives 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  History 
State  histories  and  records 


Revolution  — 


Refer  from  Patriotic  societies  ;  U.  S.  —  History 
—  Revolution  —  Biography 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  History 
Regimental  histories 


Revolution  — 


Rfjfr  from  Alien  and  sedition  laws,  1798; 
Embargo  laws;  Louisiana  purchase;  Ordinance 
of  1787;  Whisky  insurrection 

Rfffr  from  War  of  18 12  (s) 


Rfffr  from  Black  Hawk  war;  Free  soil  party; 
Know-nothing  party;  Missouri  compromise 

Refer  from  Mexican  war,  1846-1848  (s) ; 
Mexico  —  History 

Refer  from  Army  of  the  Cumberland;  Army 
of  the  Potomac;  Civil  war  (s)  ;  Gettysburg, 
Rattle  of;  Guerrillas;  Peninsular  campaign, 
1862;  Rebellion;  Secession;  Southern  states 


Refer  from  Reconstruction 


Refer  froyn   Rough  Riders;  Spain — History 
—  1700-;  Spanish-American  war,  1898  (s) 


Refer    from     Charities 
Asylums  (s) 


S.;     U.     S.— 


377 


United  States  —  Continued 

Immigration,   see   Immigration    and    emi- 
gration —  U.  S. 

Indians,  see  Indians 

Industries  and  resources 

See  also  Agriculture  —  U.  S. ;  Fisheries 
—  U.  S. ;  Forests  and  forestry — U.  S. ; 
Mines  and  mineral  resources  —  U.  S. ; 
U.  S.  —  Commerce;  U.  S.  —  Economic 
conditions;  also  names  of  industries 

Insects,  see  Insects  —  U.  S. 

Insular  possessions 

See  also  Imperialism 


-Intellectual  life 

See    also    Plducation  —  U.    S. ;    U.    S. — 
Learned  institutions  and  societies 
-Internal  improvements,  see  U.  S.  —  Public 

works 
-Internal  revenue,  see  U.  S.  —  Revenue 
-Jurisprudence,  see  U.  S.  —  Law 
-Labor  and  laboring  classes,  see  Labor  and 

laboring  classes  —  U.  S. 
-Labor  laws,  see  Labor  laws  —  U.  S. 
-Land  tenure,  see  Land  tenure  —  \].  S. 
-Language,  see  English  language 
-Law 

See  also  U.  S.  —  Constitution 


-Learned  institutions  and  societies 


-Libraries,  see  Libraries  —  L'.  S. 

-Literary  institutions,  see  U.  S.  —  Learned 

institutions  and  societies 
-Literature,  see  American  literature 
-Malacology,  see  MoUusks  —  U.  S. 
-Manners  and  customs,  see  U.  S.  —  Social 

life  and  customs 
-Manufactures,  see  U.  S.  —  Industries  and 

resources 
-Maps,  see  U.  S.  —  Description  and  travel 

—  Maps 
-Medicine,  see  Medicine  —  LT.  S. 
-Merchant  marine,  see  Shipping  —  U.  S. 
-Meteorology,  see  Meteorology  —  U.  S. 
-Military    history,    see    U.     S.  —  History, 

Military;  also  U.  S.  —  Army 
-Military  reservations,  see  National  parks 

and  reserves 
-Militia 

See   also   Naval    militia;    also   names   of 
states,  subhead  Militia 
-Mineralogy,  see  Mineralogy  —  U.  S. 
-Mines   and    mineral   resources,   see   Mines 

and  mineral  resources  —  U.  S. 
-Mollusks,  see  MoUusks  —  U.  S. 
-Money,  see  Money  —  U.  S. 
-Moral  conditions 
-Music,  see  Music  —  U.  S. 
-National     characteristics,     see     National 

characteristics,  American 
-National  parks  and  reserves,  see  National 

parks  and  reserves 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Commerce;  U.  S. — 
Economic  conditions;  U.  S.  —  Manufac- 
tures (s) ;  U.  S.  —  Natural  resources  (s) ; 
U.  S.  —  Products  (s) ;  U.  S.  —  Resources  (s) ; 
V .  S.  —  Useful  arts  (s) 


Refer  from  Imperialism;  U.  S.  —  Annexa- 
tions; U.  S.  —  Colonies  (s) ;  U.  S.  —  Expan- 
sion (s) ;  L).  S.  —  Territorial  expansion  (s) 


Refer   from    Education 
Social  life  and  customs 


U.    S.;    U.    S. — 


Refer  from   U.    S. 
Jurisprudence  (s) 


Constitution;   U.    S. — 


Refer  from  \J.  S. —  Intellectual  life;   U.   S. — 
Literary    institutions    (s) ;    U.    S.  —  Scientific 

institutions  (s) 


Refer  from  National  guard,  U.  S.   (s) ;  U.  S. 

—  Army 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Social  conditions 


378 


United  States -^Continued 

■ Natural    history,    see    Natural    history  — 

u.  s. 

Natural   resources,  see  U.   S.  —  Industries 

and  resources 
— ■ — -Naval  history,  see  U.  S.  —  History,  Naval ; 
also  U.  S.  —  Navy 

Naval  militia,  see  Naval  militia 

Navy 

See     also     Coaling     stations  ;     U.     S.  —  Refer  jrom  U.  S.  —  Army  ;  U.  S.  —  Defenses  ; 

History,  Naval;  Naval  militia;  also  names        U.      S.  —  History,      Naval;      U.      S.  — -  Naval 

of  vessels  history  (s) 

Newspapers,  see  Newspapers  —  U.  S. 

Numismatics,  see  Numismatics  —  U.  S. 

Ornithology,  see  Birds  —  U.  S. 

Painting,  see  Painting,  American 

Paleontology,  see  Paleontology  —  U.  S. 

Patents,  see  Patents  —  U.  S. 

Pensions,  see  Pensions  —  U.  S. 

Periodicals,  see  Periodicals  —  U.  S. 

Philosophy,  see  Philosophy,  American 

Physical     geography,    see    Physical    geog- 
raphy —  U.  S. 

Poetry,  see  American  poetry 

Police 

Political  economy,  see  Economics;  U.  S.  — 

Economic  conditions 

Politics 

See    also    Campaign    funds;    Campaign  ^^/^r/rom  Campaign  literature ;  Democratic 

literature;    Civil    service    reform;    Demo-       party;    Republican    party;    U.    S. — •  Gov^ern- 

cratic    party;    Elections  —  U.    S. ;    Gerry-       ment 

mander;    Know-nothing  party;    NuUifica- 

cation ;      Platforms,      Political;      Political 

parties;     Primaries;     Republican     party; 

Sectionalism  ;  Tariff  —  U.  S. ;  Tariff  ques- 
tion ;    U.    S.  —  Government;   Whig  party 

(U.  S.) 

Poor,  see  Poor  —  U.  S. 

— ■ — Population 

See  also  U.   S.  —  Census;   U.   S.  —  For-  Refer  from  \].   S.  —  Census;   U.   S.  —  Statis- 

eign  population  tics 

Postal  service,  see  Postal  service  —  U.  S. 

Pottery,  see  Pottery  —  U.  S. 

Presidents,  see  Presidents  —  U.  S. 

Printing,  see  Printing —  U.  S. 

Prisons,  see  Prisons  —  U.  S. 

Products,     see     U.     S.  —  Industries     and 

resources 

Public  buildings  Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Public  works 

Public    documents,    see    U.    S.  —  Govern- 
ment publications 

Public  lands 

See     also     Forest     reserves;     Grazing;  Refer  from  Land  tenure  —  U.  S. 

Homestead    law;    Indians  —  Land  trans- 
fers;        Indians — Reservations;        Land 

grants;     National     parks     and     reserves; 

School  lands 

Public  schools,  see  Public  schools  —  U.  S. 

Public  works 

See  also  U.  S.  —  Public  buildings  Refer     from      U.      S.  —  Internal       improve- 


-Race    problems,    see    Race    problems  — 

U.  S. 
-Railroads,  see  Railroads  —  U.  S. 
-Reconstruction,  see  Reconstruction 
-Reformatories,  see  Reformatories  —  U.  S. 


ments  (s) 


379 


i 


United  States — Continued 
Registers  [of  officials] 

Religious     history.       [For     non-Christian 

countries  use  Religion] 
See  also   Evangelical   alliance;    L'.    S. — 
Religious     institutions     and     affairs;     also 
names  of  churches  and  sects 
Religious  institutions  and  affairs 

Reptiles,  see  Reptiles  —  U.  S. 

Resources,     see     U.     S.  —  Industries     and 

resources 
Revenue 

See  also    Internal    revenue   laws;    Tariff 
—  U.  S. ;  Taxation  —  U.  S. 

Revolution,  see  U.  S.  —  History  —  Revolu- 
tion 

Rivers,  see  Ri\ers  —  U.  S. 

Roads,  see  Roads  —  U.  S. 

Sanitary  affairs 

Schools,    see    Education 

schools  —  U.  S. 

Scientific  institutions,  see  U.  S.  — •  Learn- 
ed institutions  and  societies 

Sculpture,  see  Sculpture,  American 

Seal 


U.    S.;    Public 


-Secret  service,  see  Secret  service 
-Shipping,  see  Shipping  —  U.  S. 
-Slavery,  see  Slavery  in  the  U.  S. 
-Social  conditions 

See  also  Immigration  and  emigration — ■ 
U.  S. ;  Labor  and  laboring  classes  — 
U.'S.;  Sectionalism;  U.  S.  —  Civiliza- 
tion; U.  S.  —  Economic  conditions;  U.  S. 
—  Foreign  population;  U.  S.  —  Moral 
conditions 
-Social  life  and  customs 

See  also  Children  in  the  U.  S. ;  Colonial 
life     and      customs;      Costume  —  U.      S.  ; 
National         characteristics,        American; 
Thanksgiving    day;    U.    S.  —  Intellectual 
life;  Women  in  the  U.  S. 
-Sports,  see  Sports  — •  U.  S. 
-States,  see  States  (U.  S.) 
-Statistics 

See  also  U.  S.  • — ■  Census ;  U.  S 
lation  ;  U.  S.  —  Vital  statistics 
-Surveys 

-Tariff,  jf^  Tariff  — U.  S. 
-Taxation,  see  Taxation  —  U 
-Territorial     expansion,     see 
U.    S.  —  Annexations  ;    U. 
possessions 
-Territories 

-Theater,  see  Theater  —  U.  S. 
-Travel,     see     U.      S.  —  Description      and 

travel 
-Treaties 

See  also  U.  S.  —  Foreign  relations 
-Universities,  see  Colleges  and  uni\-crsitics 

—  U.  S. 
-Useful    arts,    see    U.    S.  —  Industries    and 
resources 


Popu- 


Imperialism ; 
S.  —  Insular 


Refer  from    Civil   ser\-ice  —  U.    S. ;   U.    S. — 
Directories 


Refer    from     U.     S.  —  Church     history     (s) ; 
L  .  S.  —  Ecclesiastical  history  (s) 

Refer   from    U.    S.  —  Ecclesiastical    institu- 
tions (s) ;  U.  S.  —  Religious  history 


Refer  from  Tariff — U.  S. ;  Taxation  — 
U.  S. ;  U.  S. —  Finance;  U.  S.  —  Interna! 
revenue  (s) 


Refer  from  Heraldry — U.  S. ;  Numismatics 

-  u.  s. 


Refer  from    Labor    and    laboring    classes  — 
U.  S. ;  U.  S.  —  Civilization ;  U.  S.  —  Economic 

conditions 


Refer  from  National  characteristics,  Ameri- 
can ;  U.  S.  —  Civilization;  U.  S.  —  Cus- 
toms (s) ;  U.  S.  —  Manners  and  customs  (s) ; 
Women  in  the  U.  S. 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Census 


Refer  from  Territories  (U.  S.)  (s) 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Foreign  relations 


380 


United  States  —  Continued 

Views,  see  U.  S.  —  Description  and  travel 

—  Views 
Vital  statistics 

See  also  U.  S. —  Census 

Water  power,  see  Water  power  —  U.  S. 

Water  supply,  see  Water  supply —  U.  S. 

Waterways,  see  Waterways  —  U.  S. 

Weights   and   measures,  see  Weights   and 

measures 

Zoology,  see  Zoology  —  U.  S. 

United  States  volunteer  cavalry 
See  also  Rough  Riders 


United  States  volunteer  infantry 


Units 

See    also    Electric    measurement;    Metric 
system;  W^eights  and  measures 
Universal  history  see  History,  Universal 
Universal  language  see  Language,  Universal 
Universal  suffrage  see  Suffrage 
Universalism 

See  also  Future  life;  Future  punishment 

Universe 

See    also    Astronomy;    Creation;    Earth; 

Metaphysics;    Aleteoritic   hypothesis;   Mon- 

adology ;  Monism  ;  Nebular  hypothesis  ;  Plan- 

etesimal     hypothesis;     Plurality   of   worlds; 

Teleology 
Universities  see  Colleges  and  universities 
University  degrees  see  Degrees,  Academic 
University  extension 

See     also     Correspondence     schools     and 

courses 
University  libraries  see  Libraries,  College 
University  of  the  U.  S.,  Proposed,  see  National 

university  for  the  U.  S. 
L'ni\'ersity  settlements  see  Social  settlements 
Upholstery 

See     also     Drapery;     Furniture;     House 

decoration 
Ural-Altaic  languages 

See     also     Finnish     language;    Hungarian 

language;  Turkish  language 

Uranography  see  Astronomy 
Urinary  organs 

See  also  Anatomy;  Kidneys 
Urn  burial 

Urns 

See  also  Urn  burial;  Vases 
Ursidae  see  Bears 
Ursulines 

Usages  see  Etiquet;  Manners  and  customs 
Useful  arts  see  Industrial  arts;  Manufactures 
Usury  see  Interest 

Utensils  see  Implements,  utensils,  etc. 
Utilitarianism 

See  also  Philosophy,  English;  Secularism 


Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Census;  U.  S.  —  Statis- 
tics 


Refer  from  Cavalry;  U.  S.  —  Army;  U.  S. 
—  Army — Cavalry;  Volunteers  (U.  S.  ar- 
my) (s) 

Refer  from  Infantry;  L'.  S.  —  Army;  L'.  S. 
—  Army  —  Infantry;  Volunteers  (U.  S.  ar- 
my) (s) 

Refer  from  Constants  (s) ;  Physics;  Stand- 
ards (s) ;  Weights  and  measures 


Refer  from  Congregationalism;  Future  pun- 
ishment; Salvation;  Sects 

Refer  from  Astronomy;  Cosmogony  (s) ; 
Cosmography  (s) ;  Cosmology  (s) ;  Creation; 
Metaphysics;  Philosophy;  World  (s) 


Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities;  Educa- 
tion; Self-culture 


Refer  from  Drapery;  Furniture;  House 
decoration 

Refer  from  Altaic  languages  (sj  ;  Finnish 
language;  Hungarian  language;  Language; 
Turkish  language 


Refer  from  Anatom\';  Kidneys;  Physiology 
Refer  from    Burial;    Cremation;    Niortuary 
customs  (s) ;  Urns 

Refer  from  Pottery;  Vases 

Refer  from  Sisterhoods;  Nuns 


Refer  from  Ethics;  Hedonism;  Philosophy; 
Philosophy,  English;  Secularism 


381 


Utopias 

See  also  Forecasts;  Socialism 


Vacant  lot  cultivation 

See  also  School  gardens 


Vacation  schools 

See  also  Summer  schools 

Vacations 

See    also    Camping;    Holidays;    Outdoor 
life;  Summer  resorts;  Vacation  schools 
Vaccination 

See    also    Immunity;    Inoculation;    Small- 
pox; Varioloid 

Vacuum  cleaning  systems 

Vagabonds    see    Gipsies;    Tramps;    Wayfaring 

life 
Vagrancy  see  Poor;  Poor  laws;  Tramps 
Valdenses  see  Waldenses 
Valency 

Valentine's  day 

Valleys 

See    also    Erosion;     Physical    geography; 
Rivers 
Valor  see  Courage 
Valses  see  Waltzes 
Value 

See    also    Cost;     Farm    values;     Aioney; 
Prices;  Supply  and  demand 

Valves  and  valve  gears 

See    also     Link    motion;     Safety    valves; 
Steam  engines 

Vampires 

See  also  Animals,  Mythical 

Vandals 

See  also  Barbarian  invasions  of  Rome 

Vanilla 

See  also  Flavoring  extracts 
Vanity  see  Pride  and  vanity 
Vapor  see  Evaporation;  Gases;  Steam 
Variation  (biology) 

See  also  Color  of  animals  ;  Color  of  flowers  ; 
Color  of  insects ;  Color  of  plants  ;  Evolution  ; 
Heredity;   Mendel's  law;  Natural  selection; 
Plant  breeding;  Species 
Variation  of  the  csmpass  see  Compass 
Variations  (calculus)  see  Calculus 
Variety  stage  see  Vaudeville 
Variola  see  Smallpox 
Varioloid 

See  also  Smallpox;  Vaccination 


Refer  from  Forecasts;  Government;  Ideal 
states  (s) ;  Socialism;  Socialistic  Utopias  (s) ; 
Sociology 

Refer  from  City  gardens  (s) ;  Charities; 
Commons;  Cultivation  of  vacant  lots  (s) ; 
Detroit  plan  (s) ;  Gardening;  Municipal  im- 
provement; Neighborhood  improvement;  Pin- 
gree  plan  (s) ;  School  gardens;  Unemployed; 
Workingmen's  gardens  (s) 

Refer  from  Education;  Playgrounds;  Public 
schools;  Schools;  Summer  schools;  Vacations 

Refer  from  Holidays;  Hygiene;  Outdoor  life 


Refer  from  Contagion  and  contagious  dis- 
eases; Hygiene,  Public;  Immunity;  Inocula- 
tion; Medicine;  Smallpox;  V'arioloid 

Refer  from  Cleaning;  Compressed  air; 
House  cleaning;  Sweeping 


Refer  fro 771  Chemical  elements;  Chemistry, 
Physical 

Refer  from  Manners  and  customs;  St. 
Valentine's  day  (s) 

Refer  from  Erosion;  Physical  geography; 
Rivers 


Refer  from  Cost;  Economics;  Prices;  Stand- 
ard of  value  (s) ;  Supply  and  demand;  Wages 


Refer  from  Gearing;  Link  motion;  Machin- 
ery; Safety  valves;  Slide  valves  (s) ;  Steam 
engines 

Refer  fro77i  Animal  lore;  Animals,  Mythical; 
Superstition 

Refer  from  Barbarian  invasions  of  Rome; 
Teutonic  race;  Wandalen  (s) 

Refer  fro 771  I'lavoring  extracts 


Refer  from  Biology;  Botany;  Evolution; 
Heredity;  Mutation  (s) ;  Species;  Transmu- 
tation of  species  (s) ;  Zoology 


Refer  fro 7ti  Medicine  —  Practice;  Smallpox; 
Vaccination 


382 


Varnish  and  varnishing 

See    also    Japanning;    Lacquer;    Painting, 
Mechanical;  Wood  finishing 

Vascular  system 

See  also  Anatomy;  Arteries;  Blood;  Blood 
vessels;  Heart;  Physiology;  Veins 
Vases 

See  also  Pottery;  Urns 

\'assals  see  Feudalism 
Vatican 

See   also    Catholic  church;    Popes;    Rome 
(city) 
Vatican  council 

See     also      Infallibility;      Popes  —  Infalli- 
bility 

Vaudeville 

See  also  Theater 


Vaudois  see  Waldenses 
Vaulting 

See    also    Arches;    Architecture;    Domes; 
Vaults 
Vaults 

See  also  Safes;  Tombs;  Vaulting 
Vector  analysis 

See  also  Quaternions 
Vedanta 

See  also  Philosophy,  Hindu;  Theosophy; 
Vedas ;  Yoga 

Vedas 

See  also  \'edanta 


Vegetable  diet  see  Vegetarianism 

Vegetable    gardening   see   Gardening;    Market 

gardening 
Vegetable  kingdom  see  Botany;  Plants 
Vegetable  mold  see  Soils 
Vegetable  oils  see  Essences  and  essential  oils ; 

Oils  and  fats 
Vegetable  pathology  see  Plants  —  Diseases 
Vegetable  physiology /^^  Botany —  Physiology 
Vegetables 

See  also  Beets  and  beet  sugar;  Cookery  — 

Vegetables;  Gardening;  Market  gardening; 

Potatoes;  Root  crops;  Vegetarianism 
Vegetarianism 

See  also  Animal  food 

Vehicles 

See  also   Ambulances;   Automobiles;   Car- 
riages; Cars;  Chariots;  Coaches  and  coach- 
ing; Omnibuses;  Transportation;   Wagons; 
Wheels 
Veins 

See  also  Arteries  ;  Blood  ;  Blood  vessels 

Velocipedes  see  Bicycles  and  tricycles 
Velocity 

See  also  Kinematics;  Speed 


Refer  from  Chemistry,  Technical;  Gums 
and  resins;  Japanning;  Lacquer;  Painting, 
Mechanical;  Wood  finishing 

Refer  from  Anatomy;  Blood  vessels;  Cir- 
culatory system  (s) ;  Physiology 

Refer  frotn  Amphorae  (s) ;  Decoration  and 
ornament;  Pottery;  Urns 


Refer  from  Catholic  church;  Popes;  Rome 
(city) 

Refer  from  Catholic  church  —  History; 
Councils  and  synods;  Infallibility;  Popes; 
Popes  —  Infallibility  ;  Ultramontanism 

Refer  from  Acting;  Actors;  Amusements; 
Music  halls;  Stage  (s) ;  Theater;  Variety 
stage  (s) 


Refer  from  Arches;  Architecture;  Building; 
Masonry;  Roofs;  Vaults 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Banks  and  bank- 
ing; Safes;  Tombs;  Vaulting 

Refer  from  Algebra;  Quaternions 

Refer  from  Brahmanism;  Hinduism;  Pan- 
theism ;  Philosophy,  Hindu  ;  Theosophy  ;  Vedas  ; 

Yoga 

Refer  from  Brahmanism;  Hindu  literature; 
Hinduism;  Sacred  books;  Sanskrit  literature; 
Vedanta 


Refer  from  Agricultural  products;  Beets 
and  beet  sugar;  Botany;  Food;  Gardening; 
Market  gardening;  Potatoes;  Root  crops 

Refer  from  Animal  food;  Diet;  Food; 
Vegetable  diet  (s) ;  Vegetables 

Refer  from  Carriages;  Transportation;  Wag- 


Refer  from   Arteries;   Blood;   Blood   vessels; 
Vascular  system 


Refer  from    Kinematics;    Motion;    Physics; 
Speed 


383 


Vendean  war,  1793 -1796 

See  also  Chouansj  French  revolution 

Vendee,  War  of,  see  V'endean  war 
Vendetta 
\'endors  see  Sale 
Veneers  and  veneering 

\'enesection  see  Bloodletting 
Venom 

See  also  Poisons 

Ventilating    fans    see    Fans,     Electric;     Fans, 
Mechanical 

Ventilation 

See  also  Air  pollution;  Car  heating,  light- 
ing and  ventilation;  Chimneys;  Fans,  Elec- 
tric; Fans,  Mechanical;  Heating;  Mine 
ventilation 

Ventilation  of  mines  see  Mine  ventilation 

Ventriloquism 

Versailles  (palace) 

Versification 

See    also     Alliteration;     Meter;     Poetry; 
Prosody;  Rhyme;  Rhythm 
Vertebral  column  see  Spine 
Vertebrates 

See   also   Amphibia;    Birds;    Fish;    Mam- 
mals; Reptiles;  Zoology 
Vessels    see    Shipbuilding;     Shipping;     Ships; 

Steamboats 
Vestments  see  Church  vestments 
Veterinary  medicine 

See  also  Animals  —  Diseases;  Cattle  — 
Diseases;  Dogs;  Domestic  animals;  Horse; 
Sheep;  Swine;  also  names  of  diseases,  e.g. 
Tuberculosis  in  animals 

Veto 

Viaducts  see  Bridges 
Vibration 

See   also    Heat;   Light;   Motion;   Physics; 
Sound ;  Waves 
Vice 

See  also   Crime   and  criminals;  Degenera- 
tion; Ethics;  Prostitution 
Victoria  cross 
Victorian    literature    see    English    literature  — 

History  and  criticism  —  19th  centurj- 
Views 

See  also  Pictures ;  also  e.g.  New  York  (city) 
—  Description  —  Views;     U.    S.  —  Descrip- 
tion and  travel  —  Views 
Vigilance  committees 
See  also  L\-nch  law 

Vikings  see  Northmen 
Village  communities 

See  also  Communism;  Local  government; 
Mark  (land; ;  M'ribcs  and  tribal  system 

Villages 

See  also  Local  go\-crnment;  Towns 


Refer    from     Brittany;     Chouans ;     French 
revolution;  Vendee,  War  of  (s) 

Refer  frorn  Feuds  (s) ;  Manners  and  customs 

Refer    from     Forest     products;     Furniture; 
Woodwork 


Refer  from    Bites,    Venomous    (s) ;    Poisons ; 
Snake  v'enom  (s) ;  Snakes 


Refer  from  Air;  Air  pollution;  Architecture; 
Building;  Chimneys;  Heating;  Home  econom- 
ics; Hygiene;  Sanitary  engineering;  Sanita- 
tion; Sanitation,  Household 

Refer  from  Amusements;  Elocution;  Voice 
Refer  from   Art  —  Galleries    and    museums; 
France  —  Description  and  travel;  Palaces 

Refer  from  Alliteration;  Authorship;  Meter; 
Poetry;  Prosody;  Rhetoric 


Refer  from  Amphibia  ;  Birds ;  Fish  ;  Mammals  : 
Reptiles;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Animals  —  Diseases;  Cattle  — 
Diseases;  Diseases  of  animals  (s) ;  Dogs;  Do- 
mestic animals;  Domestic  animals — Dis- 
eases (s) ;  Farriery  (s) ;  Horse;  Live  stock; 
Medicine;  Sheep;  Swine 

Refer  from  Executive  power;  Government; 
Legislation;  Presidents 


Refer  from  Motion;  Physics;  Waves 


Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals;  Degenera- 
tion; Ethics;  Immorality  (s) ;  Prostitution 
Refer  from  Decorations  of  honor 


Refer  from  Geography;  Pictures 


Refer  from    Courts;    Crime    and    criminals; 
Criminal  law;  Lynch  law;  Western  states 


Refer  from  Commons;  Communism;  Com- 
munities (s) ;  Government;  Land  tenure; 
Local  government;  Mark  (land);  Society, 
Primitive;  Tribes  and  tribal  system 

Refer  from  Government ;  Local  govern- 
ment ;  Towns 


384 


Villainage  see  Villeinage 

Villas    see  Architecture,    Domestic;    Cottages; 

Country  houses 
Villeinage 

See  also  Feudalism;  Serfdom 


Villenage  see  Villeinage 

Vine  see  Grape;  Wine 

Vines  see  Climbing  plants;  Grape 

Vineyards  see  Grape 

Violets 

See  also  Floriculture 
Violin 

See     also     Stringed     instruments;     Violin 
music ;  Violinists 
Violin  music 

Violinists 

See  also  Musicians 
Violoncello 

See  also  Stringed  instruments 

Virgin  birth  of  Christ  see  Jesus  Christ  —  Birth 

Virgin  Mary  see  Mary,  Virgin 

Virgin  Mary  in  art  see  Madonnas 

Virginal  see  Piano 

Virginia   resolutions,    1798,   see   Kentucky   and 

Virginia  resolutions,  1798 
Virtue 

See  also  Chastity;  Ethics;  Goodness 
Viscera 

See  also  Abdomen;   Intestines;   Kidneys; 
Liver 
Viscosity 

"See  also  Hydrodynamics;  Matter;  Splashes 

Visigoths  see  Goths 

Vision  see  Color  sense;  Eye;  Sight 

Visions    see    Apparitions;     Dreams;    Illusions 

and  hallucinations 
Visitations,  Heraldic 

Visiting  see  Guests 

Vitagraph  see  Moving  pictures 

Vital  records 


Vital  statistics 

See  also  Birth  rate;  Census;  Fecundity; 
Mortality;  Population;  Vital  records;  also 
names  of  countries,  subhead  Vital  statistics 

Vitalism 

X'itascope  see  Moving  pictures 
Viticulture  see  Grape 
Vivariums 

See  also  Aquariums;  Menageries 

Vivisection 

See  also  Animal  experimentation;  Dis- 
section 

Vocal  culture  see  Singing  and  voice  culture 


Refer  from  Feudalism;  Labor  and  laboring 
classes;  Land  tenure;  Peasantry;  Serfdom; 
Villainage  (s) ;  Villenage  (s) 


Refer  from  Floriculture;  Flowers 

Refer  from  Bow  (music)  (s)  ;  Fiddle  (s)  ; 
Musical  instruments  ;  Stringed  instruments 

Refer  from  Instrumental  music;  Alusic  — 
Scores ;  Violin 

Refer  from  Musicians;  Violin 

Refer  from  Cello  (s) ;  Musical  instruments; 
Stringed  instruments 


Refer  from  Conduct  of  life  ;  Ethics  ;  Goodness 
Refer  from  Abdomen;  Intestines 


Refer  from  Fluids;  Gases;  Hydrodynamics; 
Liquids;  Matter;  Physics 


Refer    from     Genealogy;     Heraldic     visita- 
tions (s) ;  Heraldry 


Refer  from  Archives;  Birth  records  (s) ; 
Death  records  (s) ;  Genealogy;  Marriage 
records  (s) ;  Records  of  births,  marriages  and 
deaths  (s) ;  Registers  of  births,  marriages  and 
deaths  (s) ;  Vital  statistics 

Refer  from  Birth  rate;  Census;  Death; 
Death  rate  (s) ;  Life;  Longevity;  Man; 
Marriage  statistics  (s) ;  Mortality;  Popula- 
tion ;  Statistics 

Refer  from  Biology;  Life 


Refer  from    Animals;    Menageries;    Terrari- 

ums  (s) 

Refer  from  Anatomy;  Animal  experimenta- 
tion; Animals  —  Treatment;  Dissection;  Eth- 
ics ;  Pain  ;  Surgery 


38s 


Vocal  music  see  Choral  music;  Church  music; 

Music;  Singing  and  voice  culture;  Songs 
Vocal  organs  see  Voice 
Vocalists  see  Singers 
Vocational  education 

See  also  Industrial  education;  Professional 

education;      Technical      education;      Trade 

schools 

Vocations  see  Occupations;  Professions 
Voice 

See     also     Elocution;      Music;     Oratory; 

Singing  and  voice  culture;  Sound;  Speech; 

Stammering;  Throat;  Ventriloquism 

Voice  culture  see  Singing  and  voice  culture 

Volapiik 

Volatile  oils  see  Essences  and  essential  oils 

Volcanic  rocks  see  Igneous  rocks 

Volcanoes 

See  also   Earthquakes;   Geology;   Igneous 
rocks;  Lava;  Physical  geography 

Volition  see  Will 

Voltaic  arc  see  Electric  arc 

Voltaic  cell  see  Electric  batteries 

Voltaic  electricity  see  Electricity 

Volumetric  analysis  see  Chemistry  —  Analysis 

Volunteers    (U.    S.    army)    see    United    States 

volunteer  cavalry;  United  States  volunteer 

infantry;   also   under   names   of  states,   e.g. 

New    York    artillery;    New    York    cavalry; 

New  York  infantry 
Voodooism 


Voting   see   Ballot;    Elections;    Representative 
government  and  representation;  Suffrage 

Voting  machines 

Voudooism  see  Voodooism 

Voyagers  see  Explorers;  Travelers 

Voyages  and  travels 

See  also  Adventure;  Antarctic  regions; 
Arctic  regions;  Automobile  touring;  Buc- 
caneers; Discoveries  and  explorations;  Ex- 
plorers; Geography;  Ocean  travel;  Pil- 
grimages ;  Sailors  ;  Scientific  expeditions  ;  Sea- 
faring life;  Travel;  Travelers;  Voyages  and 
travels  around  the  world;  Whaling 

Early  [to  1650] 

Voyages  and  travels  around  the  world 

Wager  of  battle 

See  also  I3ucling 

Wagers  see  Betting 

Wages 

See  also  Cost  of  living;  Economics;  Em- 
ployment agencies;  Income;  Labor  and 
laboring  classes;  Labor  unions;  Prfces ; 
Profit  sharing;  Salaries;  Standard  of  living; 
Sweating  system ;  Value 

Wagon  painting  see  Carriage  painting 

Wagons 

See  also  Carriages;  Vehicles 


Refer  from  Colleges  and  universities;  Cur- 
riculum; Education;  Industrial  education; 
Occupations;  Professional  education;  Public 
schools;  Technical  education 


Refer  from  Breathing;  Elocution;  Hygiene; 
Medicine  —  Practice;  Music;  Oratory;  Physi- 
ology; Singing  and  voice  culture;  Sound; 
Speaking  (s) ;  Speech  ;  Throat ;  Vocal  organs  (s) 


Refer  from  Language,  Artificial 


Refer  from  Earth;  Earthquakes;  Geology; 
Lava;  Mountains;  Physical  geography;  Seis- 
mology (s) 


Refer  from  Conjuring;  Fetishism;  Negroes  — 
Social  life  and  customs;  Superstition;  Vou- 
dooism (s) 


Refer  from  Ballot;  Elections 


Refer  from  Adventure;  Antarctic  regions; 
Arctic  regions;  Discoveries  and  explorations; 
Explorers;  Geography;  Journeys  (s) ;  Naviga- 
tion; Ocean;  Ocean  travel;  Travel;  Travelers; 
Travels  (s) 


Refer  from    Circumnavigation    (s) ;   Travels 
around  the  world  (s) ;  Voyages  and  travels 

Refer  from    Battle,   Wager  of   (s) ;   Combat, 
Trial  by  (s) ;  Dueling ;  Law  ;  Trial  by  combat  (s) 


Refer  from  Compensation  (s) ;  Cost  of  liv- 
ing; Economics;  Income;  Labor  and  capital; 
Labor  and  laboring  classes ;  Labor  unions ;  Piece 
work  (s) ;  Prices;  Profit;  Salaries;  Standard  of 
living;  Workmen's  compensation  (s) 


Refer  from  Vehicles 


386 


Wahabis 

Set-  also  Arabia  —  History ;  Mohammedan- 
ism 
VVahhabites  see  Wahabis 
Waiters 

See  also  Servants;  Tipping 

Waitresses  see  Waiters 
Waldenses 

.S'('('  also  Albigenscs;  Huguenots;  Reforma- 
tion —  France 

Walking 

See  also  Running 


Wall     decoration     see     Mural     painting     and 

decoration 
Wall  painting  see  Mural  painting  and  decora- 
tion 
Wall  paper 

See  also  Mural  painting  and   decoration; 
Tapestry- 
Wall  street,  New  York  city 

See  also  Speculation;  Stock  exchange 

Walls 

See  also  Building;  Dams;  Foundations; 
Masonry;  Mural  painting  and  decoration; 
Sea  walls 

Waltzes 

See  also  Dance  music 
Walt2  ing  see  Dancing 
Wampum 

See  also  Shell  money 

Wandalen  see  Vandals 

Wandering  Jew 

War 

See  also  Arbitration,  International;  Ar- 
mies; Battles;  Blockade;  Contraband  of 
war;  Disarmament;  Guerrillas;  Imaginary 
wars  and  battles;  International  law;  Inter- 
national relations;  Intervention;  Martial 
law;  Militarism;  Military  art  and  science, 
and  other  headings  beginning  Military; 
Naval  art  and  science;  Navies;  Neutrality; 
Peace;  Prisoners  of  war;  Prizes  (internation- 
al law);  Recognition  (international  law); 
Red  cross;  Sieges;  War  correspondence; 
War  games;  War  poetry;  War  songs;  also 
names  of  wars,  e.g.  French  revolution 

War  correspondence 

War  cries  see  Battle  cries 
War  games 

See  also  Military  maneuvers 

War  of   1812   see  U.   S.  —  History  —  War  of 

l8l2 

War  of  the  Austrian  succession  sec  Austrian 

succession,  War  of 
War  of  the  Roses  see  Wars  of  the  Roses 


Refer     from      Arabia  —  History; 
medanism  ;  Wahhabites  (s) 


Moham- 


Refer  from    Restaurants;    Servants;    Table; 
W'aitresses  (s) 


Refer  from  Albigenses ;  Church  history  — 
Middle  ages;  Huguenots;  Reformation  — 
France;  Sects;  Valdenses  (s) ;  Vaudois  (s) 

Refer  from  Animal  locomotion;  Athletics; 
Exercise;  Locomotion;  Outdoor  life;  Pedes- 
trianism  (s) ;  Physical  education;  Running; 
Sports;  Track  athletics 


Refer  from  House  decoration;  Mural  paint- 
ing and  decoration  ;  Paper ;  Paper  hanging  (s) 

Refer  from  New  York  (citj-)  —  Streets; 
Speculation;  Stock  exchange;  Stocks 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Building;  Civil 
engineering;  Dams;  Earthwork;  Engineer- 
ing; Foundations;  Masonry;  Retaining 
walls  (s) 

Refer  from  Dance  music;  Valses  (s) 


Refer  from  Beads;  Indians;  Money;  Shell 
money 

Refer  from  Legends 

Refer  from  Arbitration,  International;  Ar- 
mies; Disarmament;  Ethics;  Fighting  (s); 
International  law;  International  relations; 
Militarism;  Military  art  and  science;  Naval 
art  and  science;  Peace;  Social  problems; 
Sociology 


Refer  from  Correspondence  (s) ;  Journalism; 
Reporting;  War 


.R^-Z^r /row  Military  art  and  science;  Military 
maneuvers;  Tactics;  War 


387 


War    of    the    Spanish    succession    see    Spanish 

succession,  War  of 
War  poetry 

See    also    War   songs;    also    under   various 
wars,    e.g.    U.    S.  — •  History  —  Revolution 
— -  Poetry 
War-ships  see  Warships 
War  songs 

See  also  War  poetry 

Wards  see  Guardians 
Warehouses 

See  also  Bailments;  Grain  elevators 

Warming  see  Heating 

Warnings  see  Omens 

Wars  see  Military  history;  also  names  of  wars, 

and    names   of  countries,   subheads   History 

and  History,  Military 
Wars,    Imaginary,    see    Imaginary    wars    and 

battles 
Wars  of  the  Roses 

See  also   England  —  History  —  Lancaster 

and  York 

Warships 

See  also  Armor  plate;  Armored  vessels; 
Galleys;  Naval  art  and  science;  Navies; 
Submarine  boats;  Torpedo  boats;  also 
names  of  countries,  subhead  Navy 

Warwick  castle 

See    also     Castles  —  England ;     Warwick- 
shire, Eng. 
Washing  see  Laundry 
Wagps 

See  also  Hymenoptera 
Waste,  Disposal  of,  see  Refuse  and  refuse  dis- 
posal; Sewage;  Waste  products 
Waste  products 

See  also  Refuse  and  refuse  disposal;  Slag 


Watches  see  Clocks  and  watches 

Water 

See  also  Baths  and  bathing;  Dew;  Ero- 
sion; Feed  water;  Fog;  Frost;  Glaciers; 
Hail;  Hydraulic  engineering;  Hydraulics; 
Hydrostatics;  Ice;  Lakes;  Meteorology; 
Mineral  waters;  Ocean;  Physical  geog- 
raphy; Ponds;  Rain;  Rivers;  Sea  water; 
Snow;  Springs;  Steam;  Swimming;  Water 
supply,  and  other  headings  beginning  Water ; 
Waterfalls;  Waterspouts;  Waterways; 
Waves 

Analysis 

See  also  Bacteriology 

Purification 

See  also  Feed  water;  Filters  and  filtra- 
tion; Water  supply 


Refer  from  Poetry;  Poetry  of  war  (sj ;  War; 
War  songs 


Refer  from  Battle-songs  (s) ;  National  songs; 
Patriotic  songs  (s) ;  Songs;  War;  War  poetry 


Refer  from   Architecture;    Bailments;    Busi- 
ness: Commerce;  Tariff 


Refer  from  England  —  History  —  Lancaster 
and  York;  Roses,  Wars  of  the  (s) ;  War  of 
the  Roses  (s   ) 

Refer  from  Armored  vessels;  Battle-ships  (s) ; 
Battleships  (s) ;  Cruisers  (s) ;  Fleets  (s) ;  Naval 
art  and  science;  Navies;  Sea  power;  Shipbuild- 
ing; Ships;  Steamboats;  War-ships  (s) 


Refer   from    Castles — England;    Warwick- 
shire, Eng. 


Refer  from  Hymenoptera 


Refer  from  By-products  (s) ;  Chemical  engi- 
neering; Chemistry,  Technical;  Factory 
waste  (s) ;  Industrial  arts;  Manufactures; 
Refuse  and  refuse  disposal;  Trades  waste  (s) ; 
Waste,  Disposal  of  (s) 


Refer  from  Beverages;  Hydraulic  engineer- 
ing; Hydraulics;  Hydrology  (s) ;  Hydrostatics; 
Ice;     Physical     geography;     Physics;     Water 

supply 


Refer  from  Bacteriology;  Sanitary  chemistry; 
Water  analysis  (s) ;  Water  pollution 

Refer  from  Feed  water;  Filters  and  filtration; 
Municipal  engineering;  Purification  of  water  (s) ; 
Sanitary  chemistry;  Sanitary  engineering; 
Sanitation;  Water  pollution;  Water  purifica- 
tion (s) ;  Water  softening  (s) ;  Water  supply 


Water  —  Continued 
Underground 

See  also    Divining   rod;   Soil   moisture: 
Springs ;  Weils 

Water  analysis  see  Water —  Analysis 
Water  birds 

See  also  Birds;  Ducks;  Geese 

Water  color  painting 

See  also  Painting 
Water  cure  see  Hydrotherapy 
Water  flow  see  Hydraulics 
Water  gardens 

See  also  Aquariums;  Aquatic  plants 


Water  heating  see  Hot  water  heating 
Water  insects  see  Insects,  Aquatic 
Water  meters 

Water  plants  see  Aquatic  plants 
Water  pollution 

See  also  Sewage  ;  Water  —  Analysis  ;  Water 
—  Purification;  Water  supply 

Water  power 

See  also   Flumes;   Hydraulic  engineering; 
Hydraulic    machinery;    Hydraulic    motors; 
Hydro-electric  plants 
Water-power  electric  plants  see  Ilydro-clcctric 

plants 
Water  purification  see  Water —  Purification 
Water  rights 

See  also  Riparian  rights;  Water  supply 

Water  softening  see  Water- —  Purification 

Water  sports  see  Aquatic  sports 

Water  supply 

See  also  Aqueducts;  Artesian  wells; 
Canals;  Dams;  Droughts;  Filters  and  filtra- 
tion; Forests  and  forestry;  Fountains;  Hy- 
draulic engineering;  Irrigation;  Plumbing; 
Pumping  stations;  Pumps;  Rescr\-oirs; 
Water;  Water — Purification;  Water  me- 
ters; Water  pollution;  Water  rights;  Wells; 
also  names  of  cities,  subhead  Water  supply 

U.  S. 

Water  wheels 

See  also  Hydraulic  motors;  Turbines 


Watercourses  see  Waterways 
Waterfalls 

Waterfowl  see  Water  birds 

Watering  places  see   Health    resorts;   Summer 

resorts 
Waterloo,  Battle  of,  1815 

See     also     I'rance  —  History  —  Consulate 
and  empire;  Napoleonic  wars 
Waterproofing 

Ser    also    Corrosion    and    anti-corrosives; 
Dampness  in  buildings 
Waterspouts 

See  also  Meteorology 


Refer  from  Ground  water  (s)  ;  Hydrology  (s) ; 
Physical  geography;  Springs;  Subterranean 
water  (s) ;  Underground  water  (s) ;  Wells 


Refer  from  Aquatic  birds  (s)  ;  Birds  ;  Ducks  ; 
Geese;  Waterfowl  (s) ;  Wild  fowl  (s) 


Refer  from  Painting 


Refer  from  Aquariums;  Aquatic  garden- 
ing (s) ;  Aquatic  plants;  Gardens;  Landscape 
gardening 


Refer  from  Meters  (s) ;  Water  supply 


Refer  from  Hygiene;  Hygiene,  Public; 
Pollution  of  streams  (s) ;  Refuse  and  refuse 
disposal;  Rivers;  Sanitary  chemistry;  Sewage; 
Water  supply 

Refer  from  Conservation  of  resources  ;  Flumes  ; 
Hydraulic  engineering;  Hydraulic  power  (s) ; 
Hydraulics;  Natural  resources;  Power;  Rivers 


Refer    from     Irrigation;     Riparian     rights; 
Water  supply 


Refer  from  Civil  engineering;  Engineering; 
Filters  and  filtration;  Hydraulic  engineering; 
Hygiene,  Public  ;  Municipal  engineering  ;  Pump- 
ing stations;  Reservoirs;  Sanitary  engineering  ; 
Sanitation;  Water;  Water — Purification; 
Water  pollution;  Water  rights;  Water- 
works (s) 

Refer  from  U.  S.  —  Water  supply  (s) 

Refer  from  Hydraulic  engineering;  Hydrau- 
lic machinery;  Hydraulic  motors;  Machinery; 
Motors;  '^I'urbincs;  Wheels 

Refer  from  Cataracts  (s) ;  Falls  (s) ;  Physical 
geography;  Water 


Refer    from.     Battles;      France  —  History  — 
Consulate  and  empire;  Napoleonic  wars 

Refer    from    Corr(>sion    and     anti-corrosi\'es ; 
I'extilc  industry  and  fabrics 


Refer    from    Meteorology;     Physical     geog- 
raphy; Water 


389 


Waterways 

See  also  Canals;  Ferries;  Freight;  Inland 
navigation;  Navigation;  Riparian  rights; 
Ri\ers 

U.  S. 

See  also  Canals  —  U.  S. ;  Great  Lakes; 
Rivers  —  U.  S. 
Waterworks  see  Water  supply 
Wattmeter 
Waves 

See  also  Electric  waves ;  Ether  (of  space) ; 
Light;  Sound;  Vibration 
Wax 

Wax  flowers 

Waxworks,  Living,  see  Jarley  waxworks 
Wayfaring  life 

See  also  Minstrels;  Outdoor  life;  Tramps 

Wealth 

See  also  Banks  and  banking;  Business; 
Capital;  Capitalists  and  financiers ;  Econom- 
ics; Finance;  Income;  Labor  and  laboring 
classes;  Leisure  class;  Luxury;  Millionaires; 
Misers;  Money;  Property;  Prosperity; 
Success 

Weapons    see    Arms     and     armor;     Firearms; 
Indians  —  Implements  and  weapons ;  Swords 

Weariness  see  Fatigue 

Weather 

See  also  Climate;  Droughts;  Meteorology; 
Storms;  Weather  forecasts;  Weather  lore; 
Winds 

Weather  forecasts 

See  also  Weather  lore 

Weather  lore 

Weaving 

See    also    Basketwork;    Beadwork;    Blan- 
kets; Carpets;  Lace;  Looms;  Rugs;  Textile 
industry  and  fabrics 
Wedding  anniversaries 
Weddings 

See    also     Etiquet;     Marriage;     Marriage 
customs  and  rites;  Wedding  anniversaries 
Weeds 

Weevils 

See  also  Beetles;  Boll  weevil 
Weights  and  measures 

See  also  Arithmetic;  Decimal  system; 
Electric  measurement;  Gaging;  Gravitation; 
Measuring  instruments;  Mensuration;  Met- 
ric system;  Specific  gravity;  Standards  of 
length ;  Units 
Weirs  see  Dams 
Welding 

See  also  Blowpipe;  Solder  and  soldering 


Welfare  institutions  for  laborers  see  Industrial 

betterment 
Wells 

See    also    Artesian     wells;     Boring;    Gas, 

Natural;    Holy    wells;    Petroleum;    Springs; 

Water,  Underground 


Refer  from  Canals;  Commerce;  Communica- 
tion; Inland  navigation;  Rivers;  Transporta- 
tion; Watercourses  (s)  ;  Water 

Refer  from  Canals  — ■  U.  S. ;  Rivers  —  U.  S. ; 
U.  S. —  Commerce;  U.  S.  —  Waterways  (s) 

Refer  from  Electric  m.eters;  Meters  (s) 

Refer  from  Hydrodynamics  ;  Ocean  ;  Physical 
geography;  Physics;  Vibration;  Water 
Refer  from  Adhesives  ;  Bees 
Refer  from  Artificial  flowers;  Flowers 


Refer  from  Minstrels;  Outdoor  life;  Tramps; 
Vagabonds  (s) 

Refer  from  Business;  Business  ethics; 
Capital ;  Distribution  of  wealth  (s) ;  Economics ; 
Ethics;  Finance;  Fortunes  (s);  Income; 
Luxury;  Millionaires;  Money;  Plutocracy  (s) ; 
Property;  Riches  (s) ;  Social  ethics 


Refer  from  Climate;  Meteorology 


Refer  from.  Forecasts;  Meteorology;  Weather 
Refer  from  Folklore  ;  Meteorology;  Proverbs  ; 
Superstition;  Weather;  Weather  forecasts 

Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts  ;  Carpets  ;  Cotton  ; 
Domestic  arts;  Industrial  arts;  Looms;  Man- 
ual training;  Textile  industry  and  fabrics 

Refer  from  Anniversaries;  Marriage;  Wed- 
dings 

Refer  from  Bridal  customs  (s) ;  Etiquet; 
Marriage;  Marriage  customs  and  rites 

Refer  from  Agricultural  pests;  Botany; 
Botany,  Economic;  Gardening;  Plants 

Refer  from  Beetles;  Insects,  Injurious  and 
beneficial 

Refer  from  Cambistry  (s) ;  Commerce; 
Decimal  system;  Gravitation;  Measures  (s) ; 
Mensuration;  Metric  system;  Metrology  (s) ; 
Science;  Specific  gravity;  Standards  (s) ;  Units 


Refer  from  Blacksmithing;  Blowpipe;  Elec- 
tric welding  (s) ;  Forging;  Ironwork;  Machine 
shop  practice;  Metal  work;  Metals;  Solder  and 
soldering 


Refer  from  Artesian  wells;  Hydraulic  engi- 
neering; Springs;  Water,  Ihidcrground  ;  Water 
supply 


390 


Welsh  language 

See  also  Celtic  languages 

Welsh  literature 

See  also  Celtic  literature 

Werwolves 

See  also  Animals,  Mythical 

Wesleyan  Methodist  church 

Wesleyans    see    Methodist    Episcopal    church; 

Wesleyan  Methodist  church 
West  (U.  S.)  see  Western  states 
Western  empire  see  Holy  Roman  empire 
Western  Reserve 
See  also  Ohio 

Western  states 

See  also  Cowboys;  Frontier  and  pioneer 
life;  Indians;  Lewis  and  Clark  expedition; 
New  Englanders  in  the  West;  Northwest 
Territory;  Northwestern  states;  Oregon 
trail;  Overland  journeys  to  the  Pacific; 
Pacific  states;  Prairies;  Ranch  life;  Salt 
Lake  trail;  Santa  Fe  trail;  Southwestern 
states;  Vigilance  committees;  also  names  of 
states,  cities,  etc. 
Westminster  abbey 
Whales 

See  also  Cetacea ;  Whaling 
Whaling 

See  also  Harpoons 

Wharves 

See   also    Docks;    Piles    and    pile    driving; 
alst)  names  of  cities,  subhead  Wharves 
Wheat 

See    also    Flour    and    flour    mills;    Grain; 
Hessian  flies 
Wheeling  see  Cycling 
Wheels 

See    also    Axles ;    Car    wheels ;    Carriages ; 
Machinery;  Tires;  Turbines;  Water  wheels 

Whig  party  (England) 

Whig  party  (U.  S.) 

Whipping  see  Corporal  punishment;  Flogging 
Whirlwinds  see  Storms 
Whisky  insurrection,  1794 

See   also    Pennsylvania  —  History;    L^.    S. 
—  History —  1783-1812 
Whist 

^SV^  also  Bridge  whist;  Cards 
While  league  see  Ku-Klux  Klan 
While  slave  trade  see  Prostitution 
Widows 

See  also  Wives 
Wife  see  Wives 

Wild  animals  see  Animals;  Zoology 
Wild  flowers  see  Flowers 
Wild  fowl  see  Game  birds;  Water  birds 
Wild  geese  see  Geese 
Wilderness  road 


Refer  from    Celtic    languages ;    Cymric    lan- 
guage (s) ;  Kymric  language  (s) 

Refer  from  Celtic  literature;  Cymric  litera- 
ture (s) ;  Kymric  literature  (s) 

Refer  from  Animal  lore;  Animals,  Mythical; 
Lycanthropy  (s) ;  Superstition 

Refer  from  Methodism  ;  Sects  ;  Wesleyans  (s) 


Refer  from  Connecticut  Reserve  (s) ;  North- 
west Territory,  U.  S. ;  Ohio 

Refer  from  Frontier  and  pioneer  life;  In- 
dians; Northwestern  states;  Overland  jour- 
neys to  the  Pacific;  Pacific  states;  Prairies; 
Ranch      life;      Southwestern      states;       West 

(U.  S.)  (s) 


Refer  from  Abbeys;  London 

Refer  fro77i  Cetacea 

Refer  from  Seafaring  life;  Voyages  and  trav- 
els ;  Whales 

Refer    from     Docks;      Harbors;      Hydraulic 
engineering;  Piers  (sj ;  Piles  and  pile  driving 

Refer  from  Flour  and  flour  mills;  Grain 


Refer  from  Axles;  Carriages;  Machinery; 
Tires ;  Vehicles 

Refer  from  England  —  Politics;  Political 
parties 

Refer  from  Political  parties;  U.  S.  —  Poli- 
tics 


Refer  from   Pennsylvania  —  History;   L^    S. 
—  History  — -  1783-1812 

Refer  from  Bridge  whist;  Cards 
Refer  fro  7n  Famil\-;  Wives;  Women 


Refer   from    Boone's    trail    (s) ;    Kentucky; 
Roads  —  \J.  S. ;  Virginia 


391 


Will 

See    also    Ethics;    Freedom    of    the    will; 
Psychology 
Wills 

See    also    Administrators    and    executors ; 
Guardians;   Inheritance;   Legacies;   Probate 
law  and  practice 
Wind  see  Winds 
Wind  instruments 

See  also  Bagpipes ;  Bands  (music) ;  Flute  ; 
Musical  instruments 
Windmills 

Window  dressing 

Window  gardening 

See  also  Floriculture 


Windows 

See     also     Architecture;     Glass;     Grilles; 
Lattice;   Skylights;   Stained  glass;  Window 
dressing;  Window  gardening 
Winds 

See   also   Anemometer;    Cyclones;    Hurri- 
canes; Meteorology;  Storms;  Tornadoes 

Windsor  castle 

See  also  Castles  —  F.ngland 
Wine 

See  also  Grape;  Liquors;  Temperance 
Wings 

See  also  Birds;  Flight 
Winter 

See  also  Seasons ;  Winter  resorts ;  Winter 
sports 
Winter    gardening   see   Greenhouses;    Window 

gardening 
Winter  resorts 

See  also  Health  resorts ;  Riviera 

Winter  sports 

See     also     Coasting;     Curling;     Hockey; 
Ice  boats;  Skating;  Skees  and  skee-running ; 
Sports;  Tobogganing 
Wire 

See  also  Cables;  Electric  wire  and  wiring; 
Fence  wire 
Wireless  telegraphy 

See  also  Coherers ;  Electric  waves 


Wireless  telephony  see  Telephone,  Wireless 
Wiring,     Electric,     see     Electric     conductors; 

Electric  wire  and  wiring 
Wise  men  of  the  East  see  Magi 
Wit  and  humor  see  Humor 
Witchcraft 

See  also  Amulets;  Charms;  Demonology ; 

Evil    eye;    Magic;    Medicine    men;  Occult 

sciences;  Superstition 


Refer  from  Ethics;  Freedom  of  the  will; 
Philosophy;  Psychology;  Volition  (s) 

Refer  from  Administrators  and  executors; 
Bequests  (s) ;  Genealogy;  Inheritance;  Law; 
Legacies;  Probate  law  and  practice;  Property 


Refer  from  Bagpipes;  Bands  (music);  Brass 
instruments  (s) ;  Hute ;  Musical  instruments 

Refer  from  Farm  motors;  Irrigation;  Ma- 
chinery; IVIotors 

Refer  from  Advertising;  Business;  Decora- 
tion and  ornament;  Shop  window  decora- 
tion (s) ;  Show  windows  (s) ;  Windows 

Refer  from  Floriculture;  Flowers;  Garden- 
ing; House  plants  (s) ;  Windows;  Winter 
gardening  (s) 

Refer  from  Architecture;  Building;  Glass 


Refer  from  Currents  (s) ;  Gales  (s) ;  Meteor- 
ology;    Storms;    Trade    winds    (s) ;    Weather; 

Wind  (s) 

Refer  from  Castles  —  England;  Palaces 
Refer  from  Grape;  Liquors;  Vine  (s) 
Refer  from  Birds;  Flight;  Insects;  Zoology 
Refer  from  Seasons 


Refer  from  Health  resorts;  Resorts  (s) ; 
Winter 

Refer  from  Coasting;  Curling;  Hockey; 
Ice  boats;  Ice  sports  (s) ;  Skating;  Skees  and 
skee-running;  Sports;  Toboganning;  Winter 

Refer  from  Cables;  Metals;  Rope 


Refer  from  Coherers;  Collisions  at  sea; 
Communication;  Electric  engineering;  Elec- 
tric waves;  Electricity;  Marconigrams  (s) ; 
Radiotelegraphy  (s) ;  Signals;  Space  teleg- 
raphy (s) ;  Telegraph;  Telegraph,  Wireless  (s) 


Refer  from  Black  art  (s) ;  Charms;  Church 
history;  Conjuring;  Delusions  (s) ;  Demon- 
ology; Evil  eye;  Exorcism  (s) ;  Folklore; 
Magic;  Necromancy  (s) ;  Occult  sciences; 
Persecution;  Sorcery  (s) ;  Spirits  (s) ;  Super- 
stition 


392 


Witnesses 

See     also     Evidence: 
Perjury 


Expert     evidence; 


Wives 

See     also     Domestic     relations: 
Husbands;    Marriage;    Mothers; 
Women 
Wolf  see  Wolves 
Wolves 

See  also  Carnivora 


Family ; 
Widows  ; 


Woman  see  \'\^omen 
Woman  suffrage 

See    also    Women  —  La\ 
cial  condition 


Wo  I 


So- 


Women 

See  also  Amazons;  Beauty,  Personal; 
Chastity;  Children;  Costume;  Deaconesses; 
Education  of  women;  Etiquet;  Family; 
Fancy  work;  Girls;  Harem;  Home;  Home 
economics;  Love;  Marriage;  Matriarchy; 
Mothers;  Needlework;  Nuns;  Nurses  and 
nursing;  Prostitution;  Queens  and  empress- 
es; Sex;  Singers;  Sisterhoods;  Spinsters; 
Widows;  Wives;  Woman  suffrage;  Women 
as  artists;  Women  as  authors;  Women  as 
lawyers;  Women  as  physicians;  Women  in 
literature  and  art;  Women's  clubs ;  Working 
women's  clubs;  Young  women 

Biography 

Clubs,  see  Women's  clubs 

Crime 

'See  also  Infanticide;  Prostitution 

Diseases 

See    also    Hysteria;    Medicine  —  Prac- 
tice; Obstetrics;  Women  —  Hygiene 

Education,  see  Education  of  women 

Employment  [the  economic  question] 

See  also  Factory  system;  Home  labor; 
Sweating  system;  Women  —  Occupations 


— — History 
Hygiene 

See  also  Hygiene,  and  references  under 
that  subject;  Women —  Diseases 
Labor    question,    see    Women  —  Employ- 
ment 

Law 

See  also  Divorce;  Marriage;  Salic  law; 
Woman  suffrage;  Women  —  Employment; 
Women  —  Social  condition 

Occupations 

See  also  Women  —  Employment ;  Wo- 
men as  artists;  Women  as  authors; 
Women  as  lawyers;  Women  as  physicians; 
also  names  of  occupations,  e.g.  Dress- 
making 

Political  status,  see  Woman  suffrage 

Rights    of   women,    see   Woman    suffrage; 

Women  —  Law;  Women  —  Social  con- 
dition 


Refer  from  Cross-examination  (s) ;  Evidence; 
Examination  of  witnesses  (s) ;  Law;  Perjury; 
Trials 

Refer  from  Domestic  relations;  Family; 
Husband  and  wife  (s) ;  Husbands;  Marriage; 
Widows  ;  Wife  (s) ;  Women 


Refer  from  Carnivora;  Fur-bearing  animals; 
Wolf  (s) 


Refer  from  Rights  of  women  (s) ;  Suffrage; 
Suffragettes  (s) ;  Women;  Women  —  Law; 
Women  —  Political  status  (s) ;  Women  — 
Rights  of  women  (s) ;  Women  —  Social  con- 
dition 

Refer  from  Anthropology;  Ethics;  Family; 
Females  (s) ;  Girls;  Home;  Ladies  (s) ;  Man; 
Marriage;  Mothers;  Sociology;  Wives;  Wo- 
man (s) ;  Young  women 


Refer  from  Biography 


Refer  from  Crime  and  criminals 

Refer    from    Gynecology     (s) ;     Medicine  — 
Practice;  Women  —  Hygiene 


Refer  from  Factory  laws;  Factory  system; 
Hours  of  labor;  Labor  and  laboring  classes; 
Sweating  system;  Women  —  Labor  ques- 
tion (s) ;  Women  —  Law;  Women  —  Occupa- 
tions; Working  girls  (s) ;  Working  women  (s) 


Refer  from  Hygiene;  Women  —  Diseases 


Refer  from  Law;  Rights  of  women  (s) ; 
Woman  suffrage;  Women — -Rights  of  wo- 
men (s) ;  Women  —  Social  condition 

Refer  from  Occupations;  Profession,  Choice 
of;  Professions;  Women —  Employment 


393 


Women  —  Continued 
Social  condition 

See    also    Woman    suffrage;    Women  — 
Law 

Women  as  artists 

Women  as  authors 

Women  as  lawyers 

Women  as  physicians 

Women  in  literature  and  art  [Enter  here  works 
containing    delineations    or    representa- 
tions of  women  in  art  and  literature] 
For  the  work  of  women  as  artists  and  as 
authors,   see   Women   as   artists,    Women   as 
authors 
Women  in  the  U.  S.      [Biography  of  American 
women  should  not  be  entered  here,  but 
under  U.  S.  —  Biography,  and  Women  — 
Biography] 
See  also  National  characteristics,  American; 
U.  S.  —  Social  life  and  customs 
Women's  clubs 

See    also    Girls'     clubs;     Mothers'     clubs; 
Study  clubs  ;  Working  women's  clubs 
Wonders  of   the   world   see   Seven   wonders   of 

the  world 
Wood 

See  also  Bark;  Botany,  Structural; 
Forests  and  forestry  ;  Lumber  and  lumbering  ; 
Poles;  Timber;  Trees;  also  headings  begin- 
ning Wood 

Distillation,  see  Wood  distillation 

Fossil,  see  Trees,  Fossil 

Preservation 

See  also  Dry  rot 


Wood  burning  see  Pyrography 
Wood  carving 

See  also  Arts  and  crafts;  Carving  (art 
industries);  Decoration  and  ornament; 
Furniture;  Woodwork 

Wood  distillation 
Wood  engraving 

See  also  Block  books 

Wood  finishing 

See     also     Graining;     Lacquer;     Painting, 
Mechanical;    Stains    and    staining;    Varnish 
and  varnishing 
Wood  pulp 

SV^"  also  Cellulose;  Paper 

Woodcuts  see  Wood  engraving 
Woods  see  Forests  and  forestry;  Wood 
Woodwork 

See  also  Bamboo;  Cabinet  work;  Carpen- 
try; Graining;  Manual  training;  Pyrog- 
raphy; Stains  and  staining;  Turning; 
Veneers  and  veneering;  Wood  carving; 
Wood  finishing;  Woodworking  machinery 


Refer  from  Emancipation  (s) ;  Rights  of 
women  (s) ;  Woman  suffrage;  Women  —  Law; 
Women  —  Rights  of  women  (s) 

Refer  from  Artists;  Women;  Women — - 
Occupations;  Women  in  literature  and  art 

Refer  from  Authors;  Women;  Women  — 
Occupations;  Women  in  literature  and  art 

Refer  from  Lawyers;  Women;  Women  — 
Occupations 

Refer  from  Physicians  and  surgeons  ;  Women  ; 
Women  —  Occupations 


Refer  from  Art;  Literature;  Vv'omen 


Refer  from   National  characteristics,   Ameri- 
can; L.  S.  —  Social  life  and  customs 


Refer     froi 
Clubs  (s) 


Clubs;     Women;     Women  — 


Refer  from  Bark;  Building  materials;  Forest 
products;  Forests  and  forestry;  Fuel;  Timber; 

Woods  (s) 


Refer  from  Dry  rot;  Kyanizing  (s) ;  Poles; 
Preservation  of  wood  (s) ;  Railroads  —  Ties; 
Timber  —  Preservation  (s) 


Refer  from  Arts  and  crafts;  Bas-relief;  Car- 
pentry; Carving  (art  industries);  Decoration 
and  ornament;  Fret  cutting  (s) ;  Furniture; 
Manual  training;  Woodwork 

Refer  from  Chemistry,  Technical;  Distilla- 
tion; Wood  —  Distillation  (s) 

Refer  from  Block  books;  Engraving;  Wood- 
cuts (s) ;  Xylography  (s) 

Refer  from  Graining;  House  decoration; 
Painting,  Mechanical;  Stains  and  staining; 
Varnish  and  varnishing;  Woodwork 

Refer  from  Cellulose;  Forest  products; 
Paper;  Pulp  wood  (s) ;  Pulpwood  (s) 


Refer  from  Architecture;  Carpcnir\- ;  House 
decoration;  Industrial  arts;  Manual  training; 
Slojd  (s) ;  Sloyd  (s) ;  Turning;  Wood  carving 


3Q4 


Woodworking  machinery 

See  also  Lathes;  Planing  machines;  Saws 


Wool 

See  also  Dyes  and  dyeing;  Khaki;  Sheep; 
Textile  industry  and  fabrics ;  Woolen  manu- 
facture; Worsted;  Yarn 
Woolen  manufacture 

See    also    Textile    factories;     Textile    in- 
dustry and  fabrics;  Wool 
Woolen    mills    see    Textile    factories;    Woolen 

manufacture 
Words 

See   also    Definition;    Etymology;    Gram- 
mar;    Language;     Names;     Pronunciation; 
Rhetoric  ;  Spelling ;  Synonyms  and  antonyms; 
also  names  of  languages 
Work 

See    also     Labor     and     laboring     classes; 
Overwork  ' 
Workhouses 

See  also  Prisons 

Workhouses  (charities)  see  Almshouses 

Working  classes  see  Labor  and  laboring  classes 

Working  day  see  Hours  of  labor 

Working  girls  see  Girls;  Women — Employ- 
ment 

Working  girls'  clubs  see  Working  women's 
clubs 

Working  women  see  Women  —  Employment 

Working  women's  clubs 

Workingmen's  associations  see  Gilds;  Labor 
unions;  Workingmen's  clubs 

Workingmen's  clubs 

Workingmen's  dwellings  see  Housing  problem 

Workingmen's  gardens  see  Vacant  lot  cultiva- 
tion 

Workingmen's  insurance  see  Insurance,  Acci- 
dent; Insurance,  Industrial;  Insurance, 
State  and  compulsory 

Workmen's  compensation  see  Employers'  lia- 
bility; Wages 

Works  management  see  Factory  management; 
Machine  shop  management;  Scientific 
management 

Workshop  receipts  see  Receipts 

World  see  Earth;  Universe 

World  politics  see  International  relations 

Worlds,  Plurality  of,  see  Plurality  of  worlds 

World's  fairs  see  Exhibitions 

Worms 

See     also      Earthworms;      Invertebrates; 
Parasites 

Worry 

See  also  Fear 


Worship 

See  also  Ancestor  worship;  Animal  wor- 
ship; Church  attendance;  Church  music; 
Church  services;  Devil  worship;  Devotional 


Refer  from  Carpentry;  Lathes;  Lumber 
and  lumbering;  Machinery;  Planing  machines; 
Saws ;  Woodwork 

Refer  from  Animal  products;  Fibers;  Sheep; 
Textile  industry  and  fabrics;  Woolen  manu- 
facture; Worsted;  Yarn 

Refer  from  Textile  industry  and  fabrics; 
Wool ;  Woolen  mills  (s) 


Refer  from  Etymology;  Language;  Names 


Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Hygiene;  Labor 
and  laboring  classes 

Refer  from    Crime    and    criminals;    Prisons; 
Punishment 


Refer  from  Clubs;  Women;  Women's  clubs; 
Working  girls'  clubs  (s) 


Refer  from  Clubs  ;  Labor  and  laboring  classes  ; 
Workingmen's  associations  (s) 


Refer  from  Ilclminthology  (c) ;  Invertebrates 


Refer  from  Anxiety  (s) ;  Conduct  of  life; 
Fear;  Mental  hygiene;  Mind  and  body; 
Nervous  system  —  Diseases;  Psychology 

Refer  from  Church  polity;  Church  services; 
Devotion  (s) ;  Devotional  exercises;  Idolatry; 
Liturgies;    Prayer;    Religion;    Religions;    Re- 


39') 


exercises;  Elements,  Worship  of;  Family 
worship;  Fetishism;  Fire  worship;  Hymns; 
Idolatr}';  Incense;  Litanies;  Liturgies;  Na- 
ture worship;  Prayer;  Prayers;  Responsive 
worship;  Rites  and  ceremonies;  Ritualism; 
Sacraments;  Sacrifice;  Serpent  worship; 
Sun  worship;  Totems  and  totemism;  Tree 
worship 

Worsted 

See  also  Textile  industry  and  fabrics ; 
Wool ;  Yarn 

Wounds 

See  also  Hemorrhage  ;  Surgery 

Wrecking 

See  also  Salvage 

Wrecks  see  Shipwrecks 

Wrestling 

See  also  Jiu-jitsu 

Writers  see  Authors 

Writing 

See  also  Abbreviations;  Alphabet;  Au- 
thorship; Autographs;  Books;  Capitaliza- 
tion; Ciphers;  Cuneiform  writing;  Forgery; 
Graphology;  Hieroglyphics;  Ink;  Inscrip- 
tions; Letter  writing;  Lettering;  Manu- 
scripts; Paleography;  Paper;  Penmanship; 
Pens;  Picture  writing;  Punctuation  ;  Rhetor- 
ic; Shorthand;  Typewriting 

Writing  for  the  press  see  Authorship;  Journal- 
ism 

Wrongs  see  Torts 

Wrought  iron 

See  also  Ironwork 

Wrought  iron  work  see  Ironwork 

Wyoming  massacre,  1778 


X  ray  photograph}-  see  Radiography 
X  rays 

See  also  Cathode  rays;  Electric  discharges 

through  gases;  Ions;  N  rajs;  Radiography; 

Radiotherapy 


Xylograph)'  see  Block  books;  Wood  engra\-ing 

\'achting  see  Yachts  and  yachting 

Yachts  and  yachting 

See  also  America's  cup;  Aquatic  sports; 
Boats  and  boating;  Land  yachts;  Naviga- 
tion ;  Sailing 


Yarn 

See    also     Cotton;     Flax;     Hemp;     Silk; 
Spinning;     Textile     industry     and     fabrics; 
Wool ;  Worsted 
Yawning 
Year 

See  also  Calendar;  Chronology;  Months; 
Seasons 
Year-books  see  ^'earbooks 
Yearbooks 

See  also  Almanacs;  Annuals;  Calendars 

Yeast 

See  also  Fcmicnlation 


ligious    services    (s) ;    Rites    and    ceremonies; 
Ritualism;  Theology 


Refer  from    Textile    industry    and    fabrics; 
Wool;  Yarn 

Refer   from    Accidents;    Injuries     (s) ;    Sur- 
gery; Surgery,  Military;  Surgery,  Naval 
Refer  from  Salvage;  Shipwrecks 


Refer  from  Athletics;  Jiu-jitsu;  Sports 


Refer  from  Alphabet;  Books;  Chirog- 
raphy  (s) ;  Ciphers;  Graphology;  Hand- 
writing (s) ;  Inscriptions;  Language;  Manu- 
scripts; Paleography;  Penmanship;  Shorthand 


Refer  from  Iron;  Ironwork 

Refer  from  Massacres;  Pennsylvania^ 
History;  U.  S.  —  History — Revolution  — 
Campaigns  and  battles 


Refer  from  Cathode  rays;  Diagnosis;  Dis- 
locations; Electric  discharges  through  gases; 
Electricity;  Fractures;  Induction  coils;  Light; 
Radiation;  Radioactivity;  Radiography ;  Radi- 
otherapy; Roentgen  rays  (s) ;  Therapeutics 


Refer  from  America's  cup;  Aquatic  sports; 
Boat  building  (s) ;  Boats  and  boating;  Cup 
races  (s) ;  Navigation  ;  Racing  (s) ;  Regattas  (s) ; 
Sailing;  Shipbuilding;  Ships ;  Sports ;  Steam 
yachts  (s) ;  Steamboats;  Yachting  (s) 

Refer  from  Spinning;  Textile  industry  and 
fabrics;  Wool;  Worsted 

Refer  from  Breathing;  Physiology 

Refer  from  Calendar;  Chronology;  Months 


Refer  from   Almanacs;  Annuals;  Calendars; 
Registers;  Statistics;  Year-books  (s) 


Refer  from  Cookery;  Fermentation 


39^ 


Yellow  fever 

See  also  Mosquitoes 


Yellow  journalism  see  Journalism  ;  Newspapers 
"\'ellow  peril  see  Eastern  question   (Far  East); 

Race  problems;  Yellow  races 
Yellow  races 

See  also  Color  of  man;  Mongols;  Ethnol- 
ogy —  China  ;  Ethnology  —  Japan 

Yells 

See  also  Battle  cries 

Yiddish  language 


Yiddish  literature 

Yoga 

See    also    Hinduism;    Philosophy,    Hindu; 
Theosophy ;  Vedanta 
Young  men 

See  also  Boys  ;  Conduct  of  life  ;  Gentlemen  ; 
Men;  Self-culture;  Success;  Youth 
Young     people    see    Boys;     Children;     Girls; 

Young  men  ;  Young  women  ;  Youth 
Young  women 

See  also   Conduct  of  life;   Girls;    Self-cul- 
ture; Women;  Youth 
Youth 

See  also  Boys;  Children;  Girls;   Pubert\'; 
Young  men ;  Young  women 


Zend-Avesta  see  Avesta 
Zinc 

See  also  Brass;  Galvanizing;  Metals 

Zincography 

See  also  Etching 

Zionism 

See  also  Jews 

Zoar  community  see  Separatist  society  of  Zoar 
Zoarites  see  Separatist  society  of  Zoar 
Zodiac 

See  also  Astrology;  Astronomy 
Zodiacal  light 

See  also  Auroras 
Zoogeography  see  Geographical  tlistribution  of 

animals  and  plants 
Zoological  gardens 

See  also  Menageries 

Zoological    mythology    see    Animal    lore;    Ani- 
mals, Mythical 

Zoological     nomenclature     see    Zoology — No- 
menclature 

Zoologists 

See  also   I'lnlomologists ;    Naturalists;   Or- 
nithologists 


Refer  jroni  Contagion  and  contagious  dis- 
eases; Epidemics;  Fever;  Insects  as  carriers 
of  contagion;  Medicine  —  Practice;  Mos- 
quitoes; Tropics —  Diseases  and  hygiene 


Refer  from  Ethnology;  Ethnology  —  Asia; 
luhnology — China;  Ethnology — Japan;  Race 

problems;  Yellow  peril  (s) 

Refer  from  College  yells  (s) ;  Cries  (s) 

Refer  from  German  Hebrew  (s) ;  Hebrew 
language;  Jewish  language  (s) ;  Jews  —  Lan- 
guage   (s) ;    Judaeo-German    (s) ;    Judeo-Ger- 

man  (s) 

Refer  from  Hebrew  literature;  Jewish  litera- 
ture ;  Jews  —  Literature  (s) 

Refer  from  Hinduism;  Philosophy.  Hindu; 
Theosophy;  Vedanta 

Refer  from  Boys;  Conduct  of  life;  Men; 
"\'oung  people  (s)  ;  "^'outh 


Refer  from  Conduct  of  life;  Girls;  Women; 
Young  people  (s) ;  Youth 

Refer  from  Adolescence  (s) ;  Age ;  Boys ; 
Child  study;  Children;  Conduct  of  life;  Girls; 
Puberty;  Young  men;  Young  women;  "\'oung 
people  (s) 


Refer  from   Metals;   Mines   and   mineral   re- 
sources; Sheet-metal  work 

Refer  from    Etching;    Lithograpln- ;     Litho- 
zincography  (s) ;  Printing 

Refer  from  Jews;  Jews  —  Political  and  social 
conditions 


Refer  from  Astronomy;  Stars 
Refer  from  Astronomy;  Light 


Refer  from  Animals;  Animals  in  capti\ity  (s) ; 
Menageries;  Parks;  Zoology 


Refer  from  Naturalists;  Scientists;  Zoology 


397 


Zoology  [for  systematic  works  and  those  dealing 
with  zoology  as  a  science] 
5^^  also  Anatomy,  Comparative;  Animal- 
cules ;  Animals  ;  Aquariums  ;  Biology  ;  Birds  ; 
Cave  fauna;  Cells;  Color  of  animals;  Do- 
mestic animals;  Domestication;  Ecology; 
P^lectrophysiology ;  Embr}'ology;  Evolu- 
tion; Fish;  Fresh-water  fauna;  Fur-bearing 
animals;  Game;  Geographical  distribution 
of  animals  and  plants;  Heredity;  Horns; 
Insects;  Instinct;  Invertebrates;  Mammals; 
Man;  Marine  zoology;  Menageries;  Men- 
del's law;  Microscope  and  microscopy; 
Monsters;  Natural  history;  Nature  study; 
Nests;  Paleontology;  Parasites;  Phosphor- 
escence; Physiology,  Comparative;  Psy- 
chology, Comparative;  Quadrupeds;  Repro- 
duction; Species;  Taxidermy;  Variation 
(biology);  Vertebrates;  Wings;  Zoological 
gardens;  Zoologists;  also  headings  beginning 
Animal,  and  names  of  animals  and  of  classes, 
orders  and  families  of  animals 

Economic 

See  also  Animal  products;  Birds,  Useful 
and    injurious;    Domestic    animals;    Fur- 
bearing    animals;    Insects,    Injurious    and 
beneficial 
Nomenclature 

U.  S. 

See  also   Birds  —  L  .    S.  ;    l''isli  —  U.    S. ; 
Insects  —  U.   S. ;   Mf)llusks  —  U.  S. ;  Rep- 
tiles —  U.  S. 
Zootomy  see  Anatom)",  Ci)mparati\-c 
Zoroastrianism 

See  also  Avesta  ;   Dualism;   I'^ire   worship; 
Parsees 
Zymotic  diseases  see  Contagion  and  contagious 
diseases 


Refer  from  Anatomy,  Comparative;  Animal 
kingdom  (s) ;  Animals;  Beasts  (s) ;  Biology; 
Brutes  (s) ;  Domestic  animals;  Fauna  (s) ; 
Invertebrates;  Mammals;  Natural  history; 
Nature;  Nature  study;  Quadrupeds;  Science; 
\'crtebrates ;  Wild  animals  (s) 


Refer  from  Animals,  Useful  and  liarmful  (s) ; 
Economic  zoology  (s) 


Refer     from      Names;      Nomenclature      (s) ; 
Terminology  (s) ;  Zoological  nomenclature  (s) 

Refer  from  Natural  history  —  U.  S. ;  U.  S.  — 
Fauna  (s)  ;  U.  S.  —  Zoology  (s) 


Refer  from  A\-esta;   Dualism;   Fire  worship; 
Parsees;  Religions 


3q8 


THE  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

Santa  Barbara 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW. 


Series  9482 


„';',;  SOUTHERN 


«•«,',?.?.'"■  i-'Sn*Rv  ( 


D     000  341  120 


